What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

In the modern world there are many different religions that differ from each other in their content and have certain characteristics. The confessions of Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and Hinduism, Sikhism and Confucianism, Taoism, Jainism and Shintoism are the most popular. All religions have their own rules and customs.

Some features of religions

So, for example, Christianity - in Greek it means "anointed one", "messiah". It combines three areas: Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Protestantism. All of them are united by faith in a triune God, while Jesus Christ is presented as the God-man who saves the world. Religion is based on love for a person, mercy for suffering people. Christian teaching claims that this religion was not created by people, but given to human society as a ready, complete teaching.

The Jewish national religion, Judaism, recognizes only one and the messiah (savior). The oldest teaching (1 millennium BC), which arose in Palestine, is based on the chosenness of the Jewish people. It rejects Jesus Christ.

In the 5-6 centuries. BC NS. in India, a religion is emerging, which is aimed at striving to achieve the highest peace and bliss (nirvana) as a result of the rejection of all desires and moral perfection (in Buddhism), etc.

One of the most widespread religions is Islam, which originated on the Arabian Peninsula (early 7th century BC).

The essence of religion

Islam (from Arabic - "monotheism") is a religion that recognizes one God. It is believed that before the appearance of people on earth, the Angels confessed it. All the Prophets sent by the Most High called to her and addressed all nations in different languages. The last scriptures are presented in Arabic, since the last Prophet was an Arab. Therefore, religious terms sound in Arabic (Islam is faith in God and his Prophets, Allah is the Arabic name of God, Muslim is a believer).

The basic rule of Islam is belief in one God, the revealed Koran, as well as in the predestination of fate, life after death (resurrection), in hell for the “infidels” and prosperity in paradise for believers. Everything that happens in the life of a Muslim is created by God (good, evil, etc.).

The essence of the rules

The code of rules in Islam should be known to every adherent of religion. The manifestation of reverence, respect and devotion to Allah Almighty is carried out by citizens throughout their lives. The rules of life in Islam are the basis of life values for Muslims. All their actions and actions, thoughts are aimed at getting as close as possible to God, to deserve prosperity in paradise with their pious life.

There are rules in Islam. Five of them are obligatory for all Muslims. Each of them requires an inner spiritual dedication. Correct completion of each of the rules is required.

Gold

Let's take a look at the golden rules of Islam:

Belief in one God, recognition of the Prophet Muhammad, his mission (shahada).
Daily prayers at a specific time: five times / day (namaz).
Observance of the fast during the month - Ramadan (uraza).
Pay regularly a religious tax (a tax for needy people, zakat).
Walking to Mecca and Medina (pilgrimage, hajj).

The sixth rule of Muslims in modern society can be noted jihad, which from the point of view of theology means waging a struggle with their own passions.

Rules of behavior

There are rules of conduct in Islam and certain norms in everyday life. Start every morning with prayer, greet each other when you meet, thank Allah for food, for work, etc. There are certain rules for eating, wearing clothes, and maintaining hygiene. Also, the Koran provides ethical standards of conduct in society, at work and at home. Fulfilling these prescriptions, Muslims try to be pious and as close as possible to God, who gives them heavenly life after death.

Clothing rules

The rules in Islam establish the observance of clothing requirements for both men and women. The fairer sex should not wear men's clothing. However, guys are not allowed to wear women's outfits. Images of animals on clothes of both sexes are also excluded.

The conditions for the manufacture of things are negotiated: only permitted material is allowed. For men, clothes should be modest, of simple types of fabrics, without gold trimmings. Its beauty is expressed in its simplicity and restraint. Silk or collar trims are allowed. Gold jewelry, cufflinks, rings or chains are also not permitted.

Both in men's and women's clothing, human qualities are displayed above all. She should not resemble the outfits of the "infidels". Wearing clothes is not a material requirement for them. This is gratitude to the Most High God for the fact that a Muslim realizes himself as his slave.

Rules for women

What are the rules for women in Islam? An important feature of the religion of Islam is modesty. Believers are humble, patient, and courageous. Remaining in the shadows, they lead their righteous lifestyle. Ready for compassion and generosity.

The rules in Islam urge a woman to be modest, chaste, not to show herself off. Women's clothing should hide the sex appeal of its owner from prying eyes. Such women are forced to wear hijab. It is believed that this is how the nobility and femininity of Muslim women is manifested.

The hijab carries a specific message of a woman's submission to divine will in all aspects of her life. She wants to be understood and appreciated for her beautiful deeds, kindness and modesty, lack of desire for luxury. Clothing should be loose and not transparent. At the same time, the choice of style, colors and taste preferences is not limited. The behavior of the girl should also be modest.

The decency of a Muslim woman, who wears modest clothes that symbolizes femininity and conceals sexuality, is respected by men. A woman has no right to demand more from her husband than she needs for life. This also manifests itself in modesty. She must obey her man always and in everything. It is also the responsibility of a Muslim woman to preserve her husband's honor both at home and outside. Do not look out of the windows of the house unnecessarily, do not talk to neighbors in vain. A woman should try to do everything so that her husband is pleased with her.

In addition to all of the above, Muslim women should constantly pray, maintain order in the house, etc. The husband and obligations to him should always come first. The spouse should always be smart and attractive to her husband, in clean clothes, in a good mood. Rejoice at his return. It is unacceptable to contradict and raise your voice to your husband. If he is wrong, then guide him on the true path calmly, using the power of persuasion, calling on Allah. Treat children with kindness and patience, pity them, do only good for everyone.

Sexual relationship

An important task in the issue of sexual relations in Islam is to maintain the chastity of both sexes. The rules in Islam prescribe to "take care of your members and dull your eyes" for both Muslim women and believing men. If a man cannot marry due to financial insolvency, then he should refrain from sexual relations. Fasting and prayer can help relieve stress in this situation.

The most important prescription for marriage is the virginity of the bride-to-be. This does not mean that you cannot marry women who were previously married. The very concept of "virginity" has the meaning of morality. Women's honor and dignity are protected by the Koran. The rules require a woman to be treated with respect. Sexual relationships are part of family life. And only a legal husband has the right to have an intimate relationship with his wife. A woman has the same right in relation to her husband. If the marriage is polygamous, then all wives have equal rights to their husband.

Relationship management principles

The rules of religion in Islam establish principles for regulating relationships between the sexes and control the sexual behavior of all believers:

It is forbidden for men and women to communicate freely for fun or for the pleasure of communicating in a heterosexual company. To limit contact between the sexes, special women's and men's departments have been established in schools, colleges, hospitals and public transport.
People who can theoretically get married are allowed to meet in public, if there is a professional or educational need in which work moments are resolved. If a man has an intention to marry, then he can communicate with a woman.
If communication happens, then both the woman and the man must observe decency in everything (in views, speeches, behavior).
If a guy and a girl are not blood relatives, then they cannot be together in the same room.
Muslim women should strip their sexy body shapes behind their clothes. An attractive woman should only be for her husband.

Wedding night

The first wedding night in Islam, the rules of which we will consider further, is a special moment in the life of newlyweds. Young in beautiful clothes, perfumed with incense. The groom makes a gift to his young wife, treats him to sweets and speaks heart to heart. Then it is necessary for both of them to perform 2 rak'ah prayers and ask Allah for a happy life, full of abundance and prosperity. At the same time, the young are a little distracted and calm down under the influence of prayer (it has a powerful effect). Then the man should spend delicately and tenderly all aspects of the first wedding night, since their further relationship will depend on it. If the bride gets scared, and she has an aversion to intimacy, then this will lead to a deterioration in life together. After all, this is the first time she sees a man so close to her.

The girl must undress herself. In this case, the lighting should be muted. At this moment, long-term caresses and love games are important. After that, the bride will calm down and relax, she will have excitement and desire. Then the man can get closer together and carry out the act of defloration. With a gentle and delicate attitude, defloration is painless. A rude, persistent attitude can cause the development of vaginismus - a spasm of the genitals. And normal sexual intercourse is impossible.

In the modern world, where there are no remnants of the past, the result of the first sexual intercourse is not paraded, where the presence of blood stains on the sheet is mandatory. This is a confirmation of the bride's innocence. Indeed, according to the law of the Quran, marriage between a man and a woman is a sacred sacrament. Therefore, everything that happens between two people remains a mystery.

Divorce in Islam: the rules

In the first place for Muslims is strong marriage. But there are situations that can lead to divorce. First, the spouses are given time to reconcile. The most compelling reasons for divorce are the renunciation of Islam and the immoral and contrary to Islam behavior of the spouse. If the period of reconciliation did not give positive results, then divorce is inevitable.

During the period of waiting for the dissolution of the marriage, intimate intimacy with honey is not provided for by the spouses. According to old customs, a married couple was considered divorced after the word talak (Arabic for divorce) was pronounced three times. Children stay with their mother: boys up to 7-8 years old, and girls up to 13-15 years old. At the same time, the father is obliged to support them until they come of age.

Fundamental Rules of Islamic Conduct

There is a rather important custom among Muslims, which refers to the representatives of the male half. Circumcision (sunnet) is a big celebration in the life of boys. It is carried out at an early age: from 3 to 7 years. It is believed that after circumcision, a boy becomes a man. Girls from birth are Muslim, if their dad is Muslim. Islam for Muslims is the greatest gift from the Almighty, which gives everyone the true faith.

A Muslim wedding is a unique and colorful celebration filled with beautiful traditions and customs. Of course, each country has its own characteristics of the wedding, but there are common features that are characteristic of all Muslims. The portal Svadebka.ws will tell you about them.

A traditional Muslim wedding consists of the following stages:

Let's find out what Muslim newlyweds and their relatives do at each of these stages of the wedding.

Matchmaking

Like many nationalities, Muslim weddings begin with matchmaking. Most often, modern guys get to know girls themselves, choosing a mate for themselves, and his family already approves or does not approve of this union. However, there are also families in which the mother or sister of a young man is looking for a bride. When the choice is made, the groom comes with his family members to get acquainted with the bride, presenting her gifts. 7 days after such a visit, the girl must agree to the marriage or refuse the guy, returning all the gifts to him.

If the bride answers in the affirmative, the groom's relatives visit her again. On this day, a married relative of the guy puts a ring on her ring finger, thereby showing that now this girl will soon become a wife. The bride's family is preparing a festive dinner, the main dish of which is the national shurpa.

After the matchmaking, representatives from each family are gathered to discuss the details of the wedding: from the date and place of its holding to the number of guests and the menu. According to the traditions and customs of Muslims, the groom's side pays for everything, as in the case of a Turkish wedding. Typically, such an event costs from $ 5,000, excluding gifts for the bride and her relatives. Therefore, although polygamy is allowed in Muslim countries, not all men decide on it, because you have to not only pay for the wedding, but also adequately support your wife and common children.

Newlyweds can see each other before the wedding only in the presence of other people. They cannot hold hands and touch each other, they can communicate, but only on important topics. The girl should be dressed in a closed dress so that the groom can see only her face and hands, judging by which the guy and his relatives add up their opinion about her appearance and health.

Henna night: Muslim traditions the day before the wedding

Before the wedding, according to Muslim customs, a bachelorette party is held, which is called "Night of Henna", during which beautiful henna patterns are applied to the bride's legs and arms, each of which has a symbolic meaning. This can only be done by a woman who is happily married. A correctly applied drawing promises the newlyweds happiness, peace and prosperity. Moreover, the longer the patterns on the bride's hands last, the better, because during this time she is freed from any household work.

The bride is dressed in a Muslim wedding dress, decorated with numerous ornaments and patterns, and her face is covered with a veil or a traditional headscarf, the hijab, is put on her head. Traditionally, a Muslim wedding dress should cover the girl's silhouette, shoulders, ears and forearms. Moreover, it does not have to be white, but on the contrary: in Muslim countries, wedding dresses are most often colored.

The bridesmaids sing sad Islamic songs, mourning her departure from her nest. The groom also spends a bachelor party with his friends on the night before the wedding, saying goodbye to his bachelorhood.

Rite of nikah - wedding for Muslims

An obligatory stage of the wedding celebration is the marriage ceremony in the mosque. Muslim weddings are called nikah. The imam or mullah conducts it, reading prayers, during which the young and all those present sit in silence, with their eyes lowered. It is important that a Muslim wedding can only be performed if the following conditions are met:

Newlyweds are not close relatives.
Marriage is not limited in time.
The consent of the bride and groom is required for marriage.
The marriage union is publicly announced.
The groom pays the mahr to the bride.
A wedding in Islam is impossible without the presence of at least two witnesses from a number of pious Muslims (two men or a man and two women).
During the ceremony, the bride's guardian (father, paternal uncle, brother), as well as the parents of both families, must be present in the mosque. If they fail, they must notify the mullah of this in advance of the wedding and give their consent to the marriage.

Nikah lasts about an hour. In conclusion, the newlyweds exchange rings, most often, not gold, but silver. Why is this metal used for the manufacture of wedding rings among Muslims? According to Islamic laws, a man cannot wear gold, thereby decorating himself, this is considered a sin. He must show his worth in a different way, so his wedding ring can only be made of silver or platinum. But a Muslim woman can wear jewelry made of gold, which her husband gives her in abundance during family life.

One of the most unusual wedding traditions is that during a Muslim wedding, the groom must voice the amount of the gift to the bride - mahra (jewelry, real estate, etc.), which he will have to pay to her during her life or in the event of a divorce. Thus, he shows that his intentions are serious.

At the end of the nikah, the young are given a certificate in which the names of the bride and groom are recorded, as well as the size of the marriage makhr.

In addition to the traditional wedding, which is held in a mosque, modern newlyweds still register their marriage with officials and even conclude a marriage contract that regulates the financial aspects of the family union in the event of a divorce.

How do Muslim weddings go? On a grand scale! Traditionally, the banquet begins with a ceremony called "walim" - the setting of the festive table, which contains only halal products permitted by the norms of Islam. From the abundance of treats, your eyes just run up! The only thing that is prohibited at the celebrations is alcohol and pork dishes. But there are more than enough oriental sweets at the wedding! And the decor of the event itself is striking in luxury and showiness!

All relatives, neighbors and friends from among the pious are invited to the feast. In addition, unlike a wedding, you can invite friends of other faiths on a holiday. According to Muslim customs, men and women at a wedding should sit in separate rooms, but modern couples do not always adhere to this rule. Guests sing and dance a lot, so the Muslim celebration is fun and noisy!

The www.site portal told you about the traditions and customs of the Muslim wedding, in particular, what is the name of the wedding among Muslims and how it is carried out. Although now many newlyweds play celebrations in a modern way, the main ceremonies are strictly carried out, because they have great meaning for most Muslim couples! Therefore, when preparing an oriental-style wedding, if one of the newlyweds is an adherent of the Islamic religion, you should definitely take these points into account!

14 453

Shariah edition:

Gamet Suleimanov

Nazratulla Abdulkadirov- Graduated from the Faculty of Hadith Studies of the Islamic University of St. Medina.

Introduction

Today you can often meet religious Muslims who believe that all folk customs and traditions are contrary to Islam, and in no case should they be followed. On the other hand, you can also meet those Muslims who commit acts forbidden by Islam, appealing to the traditions and customs of their fathers.

However, in reality, both of these approaches are extremes. Islam occupies a middle ground on this issue, as in all other issues.

Islam does not in any way prohibit people from all their traditions and customs in absolute terms. On the contrary, in accordance with the teachings of Islam, all traditions and customs of people are basically permissible. Traditions and customs become forbidden only when they contradict the instructions in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Sheikh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote: “ As for customs and traditions, they are basically permissible. Prohibited are only those that Allah Almighty has forbidden"(Majmu al-fataua).

Moreover, Islam commands us to often rely on and act in accordance with the customs and traditions of society. In other words, the traditions and customs of a society can be legally enforceable under Sharia law. Studying the works of Islamic jurists and hadith scholars, one sometimes wonders how much importance Islamic theologians attached to the customs and traditions of people. Let's look at some examples together.

Five golden rules in Islamic law (fiqh)

Traditions and Customs, in Arabic ‘Aadaat(العادات) or ‘Urf(العرف), have almost similar definitions in Russian. Sheikhul Islam Ibn Taymiyyah gave the following definition to customs and traditions: “ Customs are all that people are used to doing in their daily life, and what they need"(Majmu al-fataua).

To understand the significance and importance of traditions and customs in Islam, it is enough to note that one of the five main rules in Islamic jurisprudence is the rule “ the customs of society are legally binding " .

In Arabic, this rule sounds like this: (العادة محكمة) al-‘aada muhakkima.

Further, like other types of law, Islamic law is based on two separate scientific disciplines: "theory of law" and "legal rules". The theory of law, or usul al-fiqh, examines general arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah and teaches them to apply them to emerging unresolved problems and problems. In turn, the discipline "legal rules", or al-qawa'id al-fiqhiyah, is a kind of collection of rules that Islamic jurists have deduced, having studied in detail all the arguments from the Koran and Sunnah and finding a common characteristic feature and pattern for them. The number of rules in this science is very large, and the purpose of this article is not to acquaint the reader with all the rules. However, important for us is the fact that one of the five basic rules of science "legal rules" is the rule " customs and traditions of society are legally binding "... The other four rules are: " acts are judged by intent ", « difficulty leads to relief ", « you can not harm yourself and others " and " doubt cannot eliminate conviction ".

These five rules are called basic or golden rules for many reasons. First, because these rules include the largest number of frequently asked questions in Islamic law.

Secondly, these five rules are unanimously accepted rules by all four Sunni legal schools (madhhabs). That is, unlike some other rules in the science of "legal rules", Hanafis, Maliki, Shafi'is and Hanbalis unanimously recognize and often appeal to these five golden rules in their legal judgments.

Third, since these five rules are the most comprehensive, many of the other rules of the science of al-qawa'id al-fiqhiyya are derived from these five basic rules. So, for example, the rules “ what traditions and customs indicate, similar to what the Qur'an and Sunnah indicate " , or " the customs of traders are valid in their trade transactions " , etc. are the resulting rules from the basic golden rule. "

Thus, the serious attention given by Islamic jurists to the customs and traditions of people indicates their great importance in the Islamic religion.

Quran and Sunnah Arguments and the Influence of Traditions on Islamic Fiqh Issues

There are many arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah indicating that “ customs and traditions of society have legislative force "... Here are some of them:

For example, Allah Almighty orders men in the Qur'an to treat their wives well " Treat your wives well"(Holy Quran, 4:19). The concept " OK", voiced in the sacred verse, is largely determined by the accepted norms and traditions that do not contradict the Koran and Sunnah, in a particular country / people in which the couples entered into their marriage union. Abdur-Rahman al-Saadi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in the interpretation of this verse:

« "Treat well" refers to any kind of relationship, be it the manner of communication or the demeanor between husband and wife. Good treatment between spouses is determined according to the norms and traditions of the people»

Moreover, in the Qur'an and in the Sunnah there are many commands to respect and treat well parents, relatives, neighbors, the poor and in general to all creatures, but the sacred texts do not specify in detail how this good relationship should look. Allah Almighty said in the Qur'an:

“Worship Allah and do not associate partners with Him. Do good to parents, relatives, orphans, poor people, neighbors from among your relatives and neighbors who are not your relatives, companions nearby, wanderers and slaves who have taken possession of your right hands. Indeed, Allah does not love the proud and boasting. "

Holy Quran, 4:36

Sheikh Abdur-Rahman al-Saadi (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote:

« Indeed, Allah has commanded to treat well parents, relatives, neighbors, orphans, the poor and in general to all creatures. Thus, everything that people consider to be a good attitude is a concretization of what Sharia orders, for Allah ordered a good attitude in general (namely, the generally accepted traditions and customs of a particular people / region concretize this order)»

"Kawahid al-Usul al-Jaamia"

Sheikh Ibn Usaymin (may Allah have mercy on him), commenting on the above words of Abdur-Rahman al-Saadi said:

« Allah has commanded us to maintain ties of kinship, but what exactly is "maintaining kinship"? In reality, Allah did not clarify this concept, and therefore one should refer to the customs and traditions of the society. For example, we should not say, "to be considered to maintain family ties, you must attend them every day, or every week, or every month." No! We should say: "everything that, in accordance with the accepted norms, customs and traditions of society, is considered the maintenance of family ties, this is the maintenance of family ties required by Islam."

The same can be said for the concept of "good attitude". The definition of this concept also varies. You can give one dirham to a poor man and it will be considered a good treat. But if you give one dirham to a rich and authoritative person, then it will be considered, on the contrary, a bad act. Thus, the same act can be regarded as a good attitude, and as a bad one, depending on the situation. To determine the boundaries of this, one should refer to the well-established norms and traditions of society.»

Sharh Kawa'id al-Usul al-Jaamia, pp. 82-83

The Role of Customs and Traditions in the Science of Hadith Studies

In the previous chapter, we learned the important role of adherence to customs and traditions in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and therefore in the daily life of a Muslim. Now we will learn about the importance of following customs and traditions in another great Islamic science - the science of hadith studies. The science of hadith studies, or Ilm al-mustalah al-hadith, is a great science, because it is through this science that hadith scholars determine and prove the reliability of a particular hadith.

However, what is interesting for us is that, in accordance with the established rules of this science, if the transmitter of the hadith does not follow the established customs and violates the norms of decency of the society among which he lives, then he ceases to be considered a just transmitter, and the hadith that he transmits does not can be considered reliable!

Thus, an authentic hadith has five basic conditions:

1) Hadith should only be transmitted by fair and trustworthy broadcasters;

2) The narrators of the hadith must have a good memory;

3) The chain of transmitters must not be interrupted;

4) The meaning of the hadith should not contradict the meaning of another, more reliable hadith;

5) A hadith should not have hidden flaws.

We are only interested in the very first condition, namely, how the fairness and trustworthiness of this or that transmitter is determined? Hadith scholars have decided that it should combine two basic qualities: 1) fear of God and 2) decency. Fear of God means that he must perform obligatory acts (such as prayer, paying zakat, fasting in Ramadan, obeying his parents, etc.) and must also avoid major sins (such as alcohol, adultery, lying, etc.) etc.).

As for the concept of decency, a decent person in the definition of hadith scholars is one whose actions and behavior are considered decent and decent in the society in which he lives. In other words, a decent person is one who lives in accordance with the customs, norms and traditions of his society and does not violate them. Today we often call it by various names: "culture", "etiquette", "good form", "good manners", "norms of decency" and so on.

Shaykh Usaymin (may Allah have mercy on him), explaining the concept of decency, said:

« Decency is behaving in such a way that people like it and they speak well of such a person. Decency also means avoiding inappropriate behavior for people. In other words, if a person commits any act in front of his society that is contrary to the general norms of human behavior, and they will consider this act a bad form, because Such behavior is inherent exclusively to shameless and ill-mannered people, then we will say about such a person that he is not considered a fair and trustworthy narrator of the hadith. This is because he acted contrary to the customs of the people, and thus his conscientiousness as a narrator of the hadith was violated.

Let's give an example in our time. If in our country (Saudi Arabia) any man goes out into the street during the day with a plate of food and goes shopping, eating in front of people, then such a person will lose his decency (decency) in the eyes of people. Such a person will become an object of ridicule and criticism for everyone.»

Sharh al-Baykuniyya

However, again, all this is provided that the norms dictated by this or that society are not forbidden from the point of view of the Holy Quran and the most pure Sunnah.

Important Tips for Practicing Muslims

A practicing Muslim who seeks to encourage others to observe Islam should adhere to three main positions in relation to the customs and traditions of his people / society:

1) If any customs and traditions of his people correspond to the teachings and spirit of Islam (such as hospitality, modesty, respect for elders, respect for parents, etc.), then he should encourage and praise them for this. He should bind and remind them that these customs and traditions, in one way or another, are a manifestation of their religiosity and devotion to Islam. This, in turn, should strengthen their religious spirit and commitment to abiding by the laws of Islam. Further, by means of these good customs and traditions, indicating that Islam is not an alien religion to them, it should urge them to observe other Islamic precepts.

2) If he sees that certain customs and traditions of his people are contrary to Islam (such as drinking alcohol, gambling, etc.), then in this case he should best urge his people to abandon these deeds condemned by Islam. It is important that he uses wisdom, gentleness and consistency in calling for the abandonment of the censured. Of course, he himself should not participate in these forbidden acts, but he should also always take into account the balance of benefit and harm and “not cut off at once from the shoulder” in the prohibitions against other people who commit condemned actions. After all, you always need to take into account their position, the level of religious literacy, readiness to accept and rethink this or that information. There is no doubt that in the religion of Islam absolutely everything is important, but there will always be more important and less important. We should always start with the more important, moving to the less important, taking into account all the above aspects as much as possible.

3) If any customs and traditions of his people do not contradict Islam, but at the same time Islam does not call for their observance, then in this case he should try as much as possible to follow the customs and traditions of his people, so as not to be alien to his fellow countrymen and earn their love and respect. If he succeeds in doing this, and his people will accept him as their own, and not someone else's, then, as a result, it will become much easier for him to call his people to the great and true religion of Islam. Also, in no case should he ridicule and condemn this type of customs, for this will only alienate people from him, and, therefore, they will never again want to listen and receive any instructions and edifications from him, and in this, in the end, there will be great harm to himself and to the people he teaches.

We ask Allah Almighty for the benefit of all Muslims and guidance on His religion.

Prepared: Ramin Mutallim
Proofreading:

Let us mention some basic conditions for the validity of the recognition of a particular custom as having legal force in Islamic fiqh:

1) The custom should be widespread in your region (city, region, etc.). That is, in order for a custom to have canonical force in Islam, and its decree applies to all residents of a given region, it should not be individual in nature or be limited within one family, etc.

2) The custom must be relevant today.

3) The custom should not be forbidden from the point of view of the canons of Islam. In other words, for a custom to be valid in Islamic law, it must not run counter to the principles of the Holy Quran and the most pure Sunnah. For example, the widespread custom in many peoples and regions to consume alcohol cannot have legal force in Islam, because alcohol itself is prohibited by Islamic law. In turn, the changeable customs of people cannot in any way surpass the all-encompassing laws of the Supreme Creator, Who created everything that exists and knows better about each of His creations. After all, the One who created is more aware than the one who was created.

From the book of Professor Abdul-Aziz Al-‘Uwaidah “Sharh Manzoum Al-Qawayid al-Fiqhiyah”.

Wedding traditions in Islam have remained unchanged for many centuries. The Koran, the holy book of Muslims, says that creating a family is one of the main commandments of the Almighty. To this day, young men and women are in awe of the most important marriage ritual - the wedding ceremony.

The traditional Muslim wedding ceremony is called "nikah". In accordance with religious traditions, all believers go through this ceremony when concluding a family union, otherwise the marriage will be considered invalid. This means that cohabitation of spouses without a nikah, from the point of view of Islam, is illegal, and children will be born in sin.

In modern society, the fact of committing a nikah is confirmed by a document that has no legal force. Despite this, Muslims continue to sacredly honor and observe the custom of their ancestors.

Nikah is a ritual prescribed by the Sharia (a set of rules concerning the life of Muslims and based on the observance of the Koran). It symbolizes the sacred conclusion of marriage between a man and a woman. Its essence is not only in acquiring the right to legal family relations, cohabitation, everyday life and the birth of children, but also in taking mutual obligations.

They are seriously preparing for the nikah. First of all, young people inform their parents about their intention to get married in order to receive their blessing. Future spouses, long before the wedding ceremony, discuss the most important moments of life together and their expectations from each other. So, a girl can warn her future husband that she intends to get an education, and only after that consider the issue of having children.

Muslims believe that all important issues, even the most intimate ones, are worth discussing before marriage. to get rid of unpleasant surprises in the future. Modern youth does not consider it immodest to come on their own nicknames with a marriage contract in their hands, which during the ceremony is read out in front of witnesses, in the presence of a clergyman.

Conditions for Nikakh

In Islam, there are clear rules and conditions for entering into a religious marriage:

nikah is solely by mutual consent of a man and a woman;
future spouses must be of marriageable age;
it is unacceptable that they be closely related;
the ceremony must be attended by a man from among the bride's closest relatives, who plays the role of guardian: father, brother or uncle. When this is not possible, other Muslim male adults are invited;
the ceremony always takes place in front of male witnesses from each of the future spouses;
the groom must pay the mahr (money as a wedding present) to the bride. The amount depends on her wishes. Modern Muslims often replace money with expensive jewelry, valuable property or real estate.

Interesting! According to Islamic tradition, mahr should not be excessive or too small.

The conditions for the conclusion of a nikah are in many ways similar to those that are customarily observed during secular registration of marriage. This suggests that they have passed the test of time and have repeatedly confirmed their worth.

The ideal wife for a Muslim

Muslim men are extremely responsible when choosing a future wife. For them it is important that the girl:

was healthy and pious;
received a highly moral upbringing;
well versed in matters of the Islamic religion.

It is desirable that she was still beautiful and rich. However, the faithful honor the Prophet's warnings that it is wrong to make a woman's physical attractiveness and the level of her prosperity the main criteria. The Prophet warned that external beauty can in the future adversely affect the spiritual qualities, and wealth can cause rebellion.

The criteria for choosing a future wife are based on the goals of creating a family, because marriage is concluded for:

creating a harmonious union of loving people;
birth and proper upbringing of children.

From this point of view, the parameters that Muslim men are guided by when choosing a life partner look quite logical.

Henna night

An Islamic woman has the right to marry more than once, but henna night happens only once., 1-2 days before the first Nikah. It symbolizes the separation of the girl from her stepfather's house and unmarried girlfriends, and also means the beginning of a new life in the status of a wife, a married lady. Essentially, henna night is a bachelorette party.

Traditionally, the gathered women sing sad songs, and the bride cries. It is generally accepted that the more tears are shed that night, the more successful and happy the upcoming marriage will be. In the old days, marriage really gave rise to sobbing, because a young woman was separated from her family for a long time (sometimes forever). She was worried about moving to the family of the groom, with whom she might even be unfamiliar.

Much has changed now. Brides are no longer sad, but frankly rejoice, sings and dances. Quite often “henna night” is held in a restaurant with cheerful music, held for the bride and her bridesmaids.

The traditional Muslim ritual opens with the “lighting of henna”. The groom's mother brings in a beautiful tray of henna and burning candles. This symbolizes the ardent mutual love of the future newlyweds. The event is attended by the bride's friends and relatives - smart, with beautiful hairstyles. The hero of the occasion, as expected, is dressed in a luxurious red dress, and her head is covered with an elegant red veil. Guests sing songs and dance.

The future mother-in-law puts a gold coin into the palm of her son's bride and clamps it tightly. At this moment, the girl must make a wish. The hand is painted with henna and a special red bag is put on it.

Then all the women present are decorated with patterns from a mixture of henna. An ornate pattern is usually applied to the hands. It is believed that this contributes to a happy marriage and a long family life. Unmarried young girls prefer a small ornament, often applying paint only on the tips of their fingers - this way they emphasize their modesty and innocence. Older women and those who already have a family, richly paint palms, hands, and sometimes feet.

The nikakha rite can take place in any language. The main thing is that the groom, the bride and the witnesses understand the meaning of what is said and what is happening.

At the beginning of the ceremony, the mullah reads out a sermon:

the importance of the marriage union and the mutual responsibility of the spouses to each other;
about the importance of a decent upbringing of offspring.

Traditionally, a relative of the bride during the ceremony asks her consent to the marriage. At the same time, the bride's silence does not mean that she objects. Spiritual traditions admit that being a virgin, the future wife may simply be ashamed to express her “yes” out loud.

If a woman does not want to marry, no one has the right to force her to do so. This applies to both relatives and the groom himself or representatives of the clergy. Forcing marriage is considered a great sin in Islam. When the bride and groom express mutual consent, the imam or mullah announces that the marriage has been concluded. After that, excerpts from the Koran are read and prayers are offered for the happiness and well-being of the young family.

Important! In accordance with spiritual tradition, it is recommended to end nikah with a holiday, to which many guests are invited and abundant treats are served.

Weddings for Muslims are not just a beautiful custom. In accordance with the will of the Prophet, men who are able and willing to marry must do so. Opportunity includes:

normal physical and mental health;
awareness of moral responsibility for the family and the willingness to accept it;
the required level of material security;
literacy in matters of religion.

It is not without reason that Muslims believe that adherence to these rules is a sine qua non for happiness and harmony in marriage.

Nikah with a Christian

Islam does not prohibit Muslim men from marrying Christians and Jews. At the same time, a woman is not obliged to change her faith, and forcing her to do this is considered a sin. However, it is advisable that in the future, family members adhere to the same religion. This will allow you to avoid many disagreements in living together, including in matters of raising children.

Nikah with a girl of a different faith is carried out in compliance with all traditions, but at the same time there is a number of features:

Muslims must be witnesses on the part of the bride, since the presence of representatives of other religions during the ceremony is unacceptable;
the girl must be dressed in accordance with Islamic rules;
when performing nikah, the bride utters a special prayer - shahadah - and receives a second (Muslim) name.

Interesting! Islamic women are only allowed to marry Muslims. They can create a family with representatives of other confessions only if the future husband converts to Islam.

Rite in the mosque

It is advisable to schedule the wedding ceremony on a Friday evening. Usually Muslims perform nikah a few days before the secular marriage registration procedure.

Fees

It all starts with the fact that each of the future spouses, while still at home, completely washes the body and puts on solemn outfits. At the same time, it is long, closed and not tight-fitting, and the headdress (veil or scarf) completely covers the hair. For this reason, Muslim brides are relieved of the need to spend long hours at the hairdresser's on the eve of the ceremony.

As for the groom's suit, modern men do not attach particular importance to it, often choosing the usual "two". Recently, there has been a tendency to order a special frock coat, under which classic trousers and shoes are selected.

In the parental home, prayer is offered, the young ask and receive the blessing of the father and mother, after which the bride and groom, each accompanied by their parents, go to the ceremony. Traditionally, the nikakha ceremony takes place in the mosque, but it is not forbidden to get married at home, where a representative of the clergy is specially invited.

Ceremony

The ceremony begins with a sermon delivered by a mullah or imam.

Further:

followed by prayers for the happiness and well-being of the new family;
makhr is voiced, which the girl often receives right there;
the groom prays for the good for the future wife and her protection from evil forces.

Having received mutual consent from the newlyweds, the mullah announces the marriage, after which the spouses exchange wedding rings. At the end of the ceremony, they are given a special certificate.

Rings

Important! In accordance with the rules of Sharia, Muslim wedding rings must be only silver, without precious stones. For men, this condition is mandatory today, but women are allowed gold.

Jewelry firms offer a variety of wedding rings for nikah, the main decoration of which are words and phrases praising Allah. They can be inscribed on both the inner and outer surface of the decoration. Small, “modest” diamonds sparkle on women's rings more and more often.

Muslim banquet

After the wedding ceremony, the newlyweds and their guests go to a festive dinner. Wedding tables are served in a rich and varied manner. To create a special atmosphere of celebration, musicians are invited to the event. People are having fun and dancing with all their hearts.

It is allowed to invite friends and relatives to the wedding banquet, regardless of religion. Before the start of the feast, the guests give gifts to the newlyweds. Mostly money, special gold coins and expensive jewelry are presented as gifts.

According to Muslim tradition, there should be no alcohol or pork on the table. But sweets, fruits, juices and popular sodas are welcome. At the end of the festive dinner, the newly-made husband and wife leave for home.

Useful video

Regardless of religion, it is a sacred ceremony that gives a husband and wife a church blessing for a happy family life, the birth of children. How the Muslim wedding is going in the video:

Conclusion

Muslims hold sacred customs. The modern nikakha ritual may differ among Turks and Arabs, Circassians and Tajiks, representatives of other peoples and nationalities. But it remains unchanged that this ceremony is considered almost the most important in the life of every Muslim, because it gives rise to a new and happy family life.

Instructions

Muslim customs associated with weddings, funerals and daily household chores play a large role. Everyone should confess the following principle: "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet." So, the tradition is that it is mandatory for every person who professes Islam to pray 5 times a day: at dawn, at noon, at sunset, between sunset and before bedtime. It is best to do it in the mosque, but you can also at home. In this case, it is necessary to undergo a ritual of purification, which consists in washing the hands, feet and face.

The only day of the week when a Muslim is required to visit a mosque is Friday. When entering the temple, you must take off your shoes, and women must wear long clothes that cover their heads and hide their legs. From the minarets in the mosques, they announce that the time for prayer has come. In the mosque, Muslims are required to face the mihrab.

In the 9th month of the Muslim calendar from sunrise to sunset, Muslims must completely abandon food and drink, bathing, the use of perfume and sexual intercourse. This time is devoted to work, prayer, reading the Qur'an or meditating on God and his laws. Only after sunset can Muslims eat.

Lovers are considered to be united by marital ties only after the ceremony. Tradition includes the observance of a number of conditions. The groom must pay for the bride a kalym, which can be either symbolic or of a certain value. At the wedding ceremony, the presence of any male relative from the bride's side is mandatory, as well as the presence of Muslim witnesses, one on each side. The most important thing in the custom is for the young to express a desire to live a family life and conclude a wedding union. At the same time, no official marriage is required; young people receive a certificate after the mullah reads the fourth sura of the Koran, which speaks of the rights of men and women in marriage.

The Muslim custom of circumcision is called Sunnat. Boys aged 7-10 years undergo this procedure. Traditionally, it is believed that this ceremony characterizes the national and religious affiliation of a Muslim man.

Pre-Islamic traditions are manifested in the funeral custom of Janaza-namaz, according to which it is necessary to bury the deceased as early as possible within 24 hours after his death. The body is washed with incense and camphor, and several people read prayers over the deceased.

The tradition of zakat (alms) is that Muslims give 2% of their annual income to the judge for spending on the poor and people in need of God's help.

Hajj rite, i.e. pilgrimage to Mecca, obligatory for every Muslim at least once in his life. It must be done only in the 12th month of the Muslim calendar in special white clothes. In Mecca, 7 times you need to walk around the Kaaba, a Muslim shrine in the form of a goblet, and kiss the black stone in this goblet.