What can be cooked from squid: fast and tasty

Now it is quite popular to grow various exotic plants in an apartment.

Classic flowerpots with bright blooms are, of course, great, but you want something like that to grow at home, at the sight of which your guests will gasp and ask how you did it.

Why not get some fragrant evergreen? No, we are not talking about a home tree at all, but about a coffee tree.

Yes, maybe at home this plant will not bring too abundant crops, but it is worth growing it at least because of the unusualness, beauty and incomparable smell of flowers.

Let's start growing

First of all, it is worth saying what to grow from store seeds a coffee tree will not work, because Arabica seeds are very fast lose their ability to germinate.

It is best to take ripe fruits with two seeds for cultivation. If their sowing takes place immediately after ripening, the appearance of an evergreen in the future will appear with a probability of 99%.

The landing process is as follows:
• ripened coffee seeds are completely freed from the pulp and washed with potassium permanganate for complete cleaning. Make a weak solution of potassium permanganate and put the seeds there. Those that have surfaced are unsuitable for landing;
• 12-14 days before planting, you need to start preparing the soil. Should steam the soddy ground, add sand and peat there, the proportion should be 1:2:2;
• Arabica beans should be planted in a pot completely filled with soil. We make small holes in the substrate and place the seeds flat side down. The pot is required to be quite voluminous, do not forget that Arabica is no matter how like a tree. We place the seeds at a distance of about 3 cm from each other, to a depth of no more than 1 cm;
• lightly water the soil after planting slightly pink potassium permanganate solution and cover with cling film / glass;
• now you need to place the pot in a warm place and wait for the sprouts to appear. They will rise in about a month, or even more;
• from time to time the soil must be ventilated by removing the film for 15-20 minutes. When sprouts are already beginning to appear, the ventilation time should be increased, and then the film or glass should be completely removed;
• if two or three leaves have already formed on the seedlings, then it is time to transplant them into small separate pots. Pots should be small, about 6-7 cm in diameter. Until the plant takes root, it must be kept in a shady but warm place. And when it gets stronger, expose it to the sun, while providing good ventilation;

The process of lignification of Arabica is very unusual. First, brownish spots form on the trunk, which gradually increase in size. These specks begin to merge with each other. When the entire stem of the plant is covered brown, the color will begin to become lighter.

Thus begins the formation of the crown. Wood does not require special pruning, but you can, at your own request, slightly trim the crown so that it is completely round, so the tree looks much more beautiful.

The fruiting of a coffee tree grown at home begins somewhere in the 4th year of cultivation. Every year the harvest will become a little more abundant.

One of the most important rules caring for Arabica - the absence of any neighbors in the form of other plants.

Lighting. The coffee tree is very fond of light, but the rays must be diffused, as direct sun can cause leaf burns. Try not to rotate the plant in different directions, as this, of course, will help to make a more symmetrical crown, but with a probability of 99% will deprive you of coffee fruits.

Watering. The coffee tree has rather wide leaves through which moisture quickly evaporates. For this reason, the plant must be watered quite often and plentifully. Water should be settled, its temperature is slightly higher than room temperature.

Dry air for the Arabica tree is not fatal, but spraying the leaves will only benefit it. It is not necessary to do this only when the arabica is in bloom.

Top dressing. This the plant loves food, especially needs additional nutrients in the spring and summer. It will be enough to feed Arabica once a week with mullein infusion or mineral fertilizers, which can be purchased at a flower shop. It is best to alternate these top dressings.

At the beginning of spring, the soil needs an additional portion of nitrogen, if during this period you notice the formation of fruits, then you should also fertilize with phosphorus, a lot of which is contained in bone chips.

Transfer. Arabica is transplanted in the spring, once every two years, if the tree develops more slowly, it can be done once every three years. Each next pot should be 3-4 cm larger in diameter than the previous one.

It should be quite deep, as the Arabica root grows longer in length. When transplanting, the soil must certainly be fertilized with humus, peat, nitrogen.

Why do coffee tree leaves dry?

Coffee is prone to various diseases. Amenable to attack by scale insects, sooty fungus, spider mite. If you notice that leaves of a plant dry I, this may indicate too high temperature air in the room.

Sometimes the so-called coffee rust forms on the tree, the leaves become yellowish. Regular treatment with fungicides and insecticides will help protect the plant from pests.

Everyone should try growing coffee! At least in order to try at least a cup of a fragrant drink made from the own grown Arabica beans.

About 40 species of plants of the Rubiaceae family belong to the genus Coffee or Coffee trees. These are evergreen shrubs and trees with shiny leathery leaves up to 5 m high. They bloom with white fragrant flowers collected in a brush, their aroma resembles jasmine. After flowering, bright red berries are formed, which rarely ripen at home.

The most popular species in indoor floriculture is the Arabica Coffee or Arabian Coffee flower. Three quarters of the world's coffee production is produced from this plant. Other types of coffee trees differ in the shape and size of the foliage, as well as the color of the fruit. Among them, the most common are: Congolese, Liberian, narrow-leaved, brushy and high coffee. But as indoor plants, they are practically not found.

How to care for a houseplant Coffee at home

Arabica coffee tree adapts well to the conditions of the apartment. It feels best on windows facing south, southwest or southeast. The air temperature should be between +15 and +20 °C. Light up to the age of two years is needed diffused, as direct Sun rays delay the development of coffee. Even on plantations, this plant is planted in the shade of other trees.

The coffee tree grows very slowly and only in the spring and summer. Blooms at the age of 3-4 years. To speed up the fruiting period, you can graft a branch from a flowering specimen onto a young seedling, as is done with citrus fruits. They do this during the warm season.

During the period of bud formation, coffee is placed in the most illuminated area in the room, and after the fruit is set, it is removed to its original place. The flower lasts for one day, but then the next one opens next to it, as a result of which flowering can continue from spring to autumn.
Flowering coffee tree at home

IN rare cases, coffee blooms in winter. It is not recommended to rotate the Coffee Arabica house plant for even fouling at this time. Berries ripen during the year, during this period you can harvest about 1 kg of the crop.

Irrigation and fertilizer. For irrigation use warm settled water. Some flower growers recommend acidifying it a little by adding a few drops. lemon juice. Watering for coffee requires moderate watering. The plant is calm about drying out an earthen coma, but in summer it is advisable to water it as the topsoil is poured, and in winter about once a week. The lack of moisture is immediately noticeable by the loss of turgor by the leaves. In summer, the soil can be mulched in order to better retain water.

Indoor plant Coffee tree loves spraying, it is desirable to produce it in the evening. It would be useful to periodically add leaf fertilizers and growth stimulants to the water:, Zircon.

Coffee has practically no dormant period, so you can fertilize it all year round, about once every 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. Most of all, this plant needs nitrogen, the best source of which is manure. It can be applied immediately when the coffee tree needs to be transplanted.

coffee tree transplant

Young plants need to be transplanted every year in the spring. From the age of 3 years: every 2-3 years. It is best to use the transshipment method so as not to damage the roots. The new coffee container should be no more than 5 cm wider than the previous one. Too large a volume will cause increased growth of the seedling and slow down flowering. In addition, the risk of flooding the plant will increase.

The soil is selected with a slightly acidic reaction (pH about 5). Purchased soil is suitable for azaleas, saintpaulias, hydrangeas. You can also prepare the substrate yourself by mixing one part of sand and sod land with two parts leaf ground. For plants older than 4 years, one part of peat and humus is added to the composition.
Transplanting a coffee tree at home At the bottom of the pot, you need to put a thick layer of drainage, and on top - a layer. Then new soil is poured so as not to cause a burn of the root system, and a seedling is placed on it. Before transplanting, the roots should be inspected and rotten and dry removed. After that, the soil is poured on the sides and top, it needs to be pressed a little and spilled with settled warm water.

Attention: the root neck must not be deepened! It is better to raise it a few centimeters. With subsequent waterings, the coffee will deepen itself. If, after transplanting, the roots in the upper soil layer are exposed, they can be mulched or topped up with a fresh layer of substrate. After waiting a few days, the surface must be carefully loosened.

Possible diseases of indoor coffee

The houseplant The coffee tree rarely gets sick or damaged by pests, but there are a few common growing problems. They are mainly associated with a lack of trace elements in the soil:

• At nitrogen deficiency the plant develops slowly, new leaves are small, and the lower ones acquire a yellowish tint. With a similar problem, it is recommended to feed coffee with a solution of rotted slurry, which is diluted in a ratio of 1 to 15. It is also useful to spray a solution of urea (1 g per liter of water) over the leaf.
• Phosphorus deficiency reflected in the fruits. They deform and fall off. Leaves can also curl. This is treated by adding superphosphate, which dissolves in hot water.
• When little potassium in the soil, new leaves grow deformed, may become covered with brown spots. You can try to add a solution of ash to the soil (1 tablespoon per liter of water).

Why can Arabica coffee leaves dry?

Another problem is the so-called leaf necrosis, which begins with browning of the edge of the leaf plate. Then the spots spread throughout the leaf, and it falls off.

Possible reasons necrosis:

• Wrong watering. Necrosis can be associated with excessive moisture or prolonged drying of the earthy coma.
• Sudden changes in temperature and drafts: hypothermia, overheating in the sun, or use cold water for watering.
• Nutritional deficiencies, including potassium.

Propagation of the coffee tree

cuttings

For cuttings, a stem with two pairs of leaves is cut off and planted in a loose substrate, for example, a mixture of perlite and peat. It is necessary to disinfect the soil in advance with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The cuttings are treated with stimulants and planted to a depth of 2 cm so that the leaf petioles below are under the ground. From above, the container is covered with a bag, making small holes in it, and put in a place inaccessible to direct sunlight. The temperature for rooting needs at least +25 ° C, but not higher than +30 ° C. Remove the package when the cuttings begin to grow.

Reproduction by seeds

The coffee tree can be grown from seeds. The soil for this is taken the same as for transplanting an adult plant. It is shed with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds are treated with the same solution for several hours. Then you need to stratify the seeds in a hot way, that is, lower them into water with a temperature of up to 60 ° C, and wait until the water has cooled to room temperature. After that, you can start sowing. Seeds are laid down with a flat part, watered and covered with a film. The temperature for germination is the same as for rooting cuttings - you can do the bottom heating.

Where to buy a houseplant Coffee Arabica

Small coffee seedlings are often sold at large hardware stores in the houseplant section or ordered from flower sites. Large ones can be purchased at centers that specialize in landscaping and landscape design.

Watch a video about growing a coffee tree at home:

1. At the coffee tree (3 years old), the leaves turned yellow at the same level and the sides are all brown. The leaves dry up at the ends, then turn yellow and fall off;

Answer: Most likely, insufficient air humidity, but there may also be a problem with the roots. If there is a lot of peat in the ground, then I advise you to transplant it. Peat holds moisture very strongly, and in appearance it seems that the earth is completely dry, although inside the water can stand upright ...

2. The edges of the lower leaves began to dry out. It stands on the windowsill, it’s very light, but there is no direct sun, I don’t water it much and spray it regularly, every day. But why do the lower leaves dry?

Answer: Old leaves should dry out, and the rest may be from drafts, or from irregular watering. The lower leaves, indeed, turn yellow and fall off over time (especially if the tree is already large) - in my opinion, just from old age, because the leaves also have a limited lifespan. If only the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, then nothing can be done about it, this is in the order of things. But if the rest, too, then you need to look for what the problem is.

3. Bought a nice coffee tree two years ago, transplanted, stands on the sunny side, but not under direct rays. After a while, his leaves began to dry out and fly around. This happens even in winter, when the sun does not shine on it at all. Watering and spraying regularly. The top didn't pinch. Grows badly. Please tell me what to do?

Answer: coffee requirements are pretty simple. You need a very bright place, but not direct sunlight. In partial shade, the plant simply will not develop! The problem with the leaves is most likely caused by overlays with watering. This beast is capricious, does not like either overdrying or waterlogging. The soil for it must be selected very carefully, it must be not only acidic, but also moisture-intensive and permeable at the same time. The way out is to use an "empty" peat substrate and constantly feed it with fertilizer without calcium salts. Coffee leaves dry from lack of light and moisture. Just in case, inspect the tree and the ground, preferably under a magnifying glass. Due to pests, it may also not grow.

4. Black spots appeared on the leaves, which then dried up. As a result, my young tree looks very skinned. New and old leaves do not grow at all, but there are buds (they have not changed for a long time). Everything shows that the plant is alive, but unhealthy. no improvement, no deterioration for 2 months.

Answer: about spots. They appear on most trees, especially on the lower leaves. Perhaps this is the result of moving and drafts. Protect your tree from drafts and water-spray with warm water. The leaves do not need to be trimmed, you can carefully trim the speck along the edge of the sheet. My coffee already has large leaves, it branches, but the first small ones are all stained, although this does not harm the plant. And yet - feed it with Emerald, the tree really likes it.

5. A brown border appears on the leaves of the coffee tree (dry up?). I have seen on other coffee trees that this happens often. Why is this happening and how to deal with it?

Answer: Coffee is an unpretentious tree, but it loves moisture (the earth ball should not dry out) and is afraid of drafts. If brown dry spots, the likely cause is lack of water. Spray the leaves with warm water as often as possible. If you have time and desire, wash the whole tree (cover the ground with foil). In addition, coffee loves fresh air. Ventilate the room more often. And yet - and the leaves turn yellow, and blacken from lack of light. Well, it is impossible to create a summer sun at home in winter! You can fight this only by lowering the temperature while moving it to the brightest place. And there may also be potassium starvation (unless you violate water balance and do not overdo it with a large dose of fertilizer).

6. Growing coffee from seeds.

Answer: If you have purchased coffee seeds, do not hesitate - sow, because. coffee beans quickly lose their germination. Seeds are sown in a bowl with wet sand and put to germinate in a warm place with a soil temperature of 24-26 degrees (it is convenient to germinate any seeds in the refrigerator). The seed germinates in about 30-40 days. Seedlings are transplanted into 7-centimeter pots with equal parts of leafy, soddy, humus soil with a small amount of sand (or into a ready-made mixture for coffee). After planting, the plant is set for 12-14 days in a shaded place, and then the tree will need sun and fresh air . Water abundantly in summer, moderately in winter, feed every 2 months with fertilizer containing horn flour, they say, this contributes to better growth and flowering.

For me, as a person who is fond of breeding indoor plants, the most important thing in choosing the next specimen to replenish my collection is its exoticism. Of course, the plant itself should be beautiful, but not only. It should also arouse interest among others, because it is always nice to be proud of your pet. And if such a plant also bears fruit, then this is just a real hit! And such a plant in my collection is a coffee tree.

We all know that coffee grows in hot countries, and its main varieties have familiar names: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. But few people have had a chance to see how coffee looks like in wildlife, only if you go on a tour of a coffee plantation. Well, wouldn't it be great to have a whole plantation of coffee on your windowsill? With these thoughts, I went to the nearest flower shop.

At room conditions it is absolutely possible to collect up to one kilogram of coffee, but only from already mature trees from six years old.

Arabica coffee tree, or rather, its sprouts, I purchased in large quantities in a network garden store. About 15-20 shoots 7-10 centimeters high grew in a pot. Bad, weak and damaged-looking sprouts were immediately thrown away, and good ones were planted in pots of two or three pieces. The bushes grew quite quickly and after two or three years they turned into beautiful trees that began to bear fruit.

Coffee berries delighted me for several months. They were green at first and then turned red. They ripened for about 6-8 months, and about five grains were harvested from the first harvest. In fact, under room conditions, it is absolutely possible to collect up to one kilogram of coffee, but only from already mature trees from six years old.

Growing a coffee tree at home

Priming

The ground for the coffee tree must be very light, air and water permeable. In principle, the soil that is sold for tropical plants may be suitable, it will just have these characteristics. If you prepare the soil yourself, then you can take a mixture of peat and humus in a 50/50 ratio as a basis. You can also put a few pieces of charcoal in the pot, which will relieve the souring of the earth. Moreover, the pot for planting must be chosen high, since the root system goes down.

Fertilizer

The coffee tree grows all year round, so it requires regular top dressing, about every ten days. Fertilize with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. As a nitrogen fertilizer, you can use pomace from peat, biohumus, which can be bought in garden stores. As a phosphorus top dressing, you can use a solution of superphosphate. And from the ashes you can get a good potash top dressing.

crown formation

Small coffee seedlings grow only upwards. As it grows, skeletal branches begin to grow, which are closely connected with the trunk. Accordingly, in order for the crown to develop evenly, the tree must be regularly rotated around its axis so that the plant develops evenly.

Coffee tree care

Despite the fact that coffee is a resident of the subtropics, it is not recommended to put a pot under direct sunlight, since in nature coffee grows in partial shade from large trees. Most best windows in the apartment: eastern or western. Because coffee is tropical plant, it is very important temperature regime, especially in winter. The room temperature should not fall below 15°C. At low temperatures, a black border will appear on the leaves, then the leaf turns black and falls off.

Also in winter, I advise you to put a plank or foam plastic under the pot so that the roots of the plant do not freeze. And finally, coffee categorically does not tolerate drafts. In winter, you should be especially careful when ventilating the premises. If cold air hits the plant, the coffee will immediately freeze.

If the tips of the leaves dry on coffee, this is the first sign of dry air. Solution to the problem: you must either increase the humidity in the room - put a humidifier or a container of water under the battery. You can also regularly spray the bush with a spray bottle. It is very useful to wash the foliage at least once a month with warm water in the shower, so that the water does not flood the pot. With such regular care, the leaves will always be shiny and beautiful.

In addition, regular spraying of coffee will protect against spider mites, the most important pest that can appear in the home. The first signal of its appearance are bright dots on the leaves - puncture sites, and, of course, small cobwebs.

If the tips of the leaves dry on coffee, this is the first sign of dry air.

You should also be careful when watering. You can not pour the plant, the leaves will become faded and begin to fall off. And don't overdry. Given that the surface of the leaves of the coffee tree is large, moisture evaporates very quickly. As soon as the earth ball dries up, the leaves will instantly fall off. Therefore, it is extremely important to water the plant with a small amount of water almost every day so that the earth always remains moist, but at the same time the water does not stagnate in the pot pan. Water should be watered at room temperature, settled, soft and without lime.

Coffee tree resuscitation experience

My plants survived clinical death twice. The first case occurred when the plant was frozen by opening a window in winter at a temperature of -25 ° C. Only the stalk remained of the coffee then, and the leaves instantly fell off. The second case - in my absence, the plant was watered irregularly, and it withered, dropping leaves again. The recipe for revitalization for such nearly dead plants was regular misting with reduced watering. After a few months, the plants turned green again.

Thus, having provided the plant with comfortable conditions, you can admire not only the dark green foliage, but also harvest real coffee with enviable regularity! By the way, you want to know what I did with my first crop? Of course, I immediately distributed it in pots with earth and now I am waiting for a new harvest. Soon I will have my own little coffee plantation on the windowsill, which will be the talk of the whole office and, hopefully, beyond.

The indoor Arabica coffee tree (Coffea) is a small tree with beautiful glossy leaves that are elongated and have wavy edges. Three years after planting, it begins to bloom and form fruits, the grains of which can be roasted, ground and brewed into real coffee. Which is only possible with proper tree care.

Growing problems

The coffee tree is an unpretentious houseplant that is rarely damaged by diseases and pests. But, if you do not follow the rules of maintenance, they can harm Arabica (especially its leaves) and even lead to its death. If problems arise during cultivation, it is necessary to understand the causes of the appearance and ways to eliminate them.

Why do leaves dry?

In the coffee tree, the leaves dry both from a lack of moisture and from its excess. It also happens in an overly shaded room. In coffee, drying leaves signal a high air temperature, especially in winter, or low humidity, this is clearly observed in the Arabica houseplant.

In this case, you should adjust the tree care system and, if necessary, change its location. Otherwise, the consequences will not be very pleasant.

What causes the leaves to turn black?

blackening of coffee leaves

If the leaves of the coffee tree begin to turn black, perhaps these are the consequences of watering with hard water. The soil is saturated with salts, which inhibit the activity of the root system. In this scenario, it is necessary to transplant the tree into a healthy substrate. If this is not possible, it is necessary to remove the upper part of the soil layer and add new soil. In the future, watering should be done using soft, purified or boiled water.

Blackening coffee leaves may indicate prolonged drying of the soil or insufficient lighting. In this situation, you need to reconsider the conditions of the plant.

If blackening and falling of the old lower leaves of the coffee tree occurs, then you should not worry. This is a natural process of his life.

Leaves turn yellow

Why can coffee tree leaves turn yellow? There are a number of reasons for this:

Root rot is a dangerous disease in which coffee often dies, so it is advisable to prevent its occurrence.

Brown spots on leaves

If the foliage of the coffee tree becomes covered with brown spots, the root system may be overheating or be a consequence sunburn. The plant should be shaded or moved to another place where direct sunlight will not fall on it. In this case, the number of sprays should be increased.

Also, the appearance of brown spots on the leaves may indicate that the air in the room is too dry. In this case, it is recommended to place the container with the coffee tree in a tray filled with pebbles or expanded clay. They need to be regularly moistened, and the plant should be sprayed several times a day. Spots can appear as a result of improper watering or lack of nutrients. Care needs to be revisited houseplant.

Pests

Whitefly on a coffee leaf

Of the pests for room arabica, whiteflies are the most dangerous. These are very small flying insects resembling moths. When they appear on the leaves of the coffee tree, cobwebs and a white coating are formed. If pests are found, they should be destroyed immediately. The danger is that they multiply very quickly and destroy the plant, sucking the juice out of it.

For treatment, it is necessary to wash all the leaves with a solution of green or laundry soap. After that, you can spray with an infusion of garlic, onion, tobacco or wormwood. In especially severe cases, an insecticide solution is used. In the same way, they fight scale insects, aphids and mealybugs, which can also infect the plant.

As can be seen from the above, the coffee tree exotic plant but taking care of it does not require a lot of time and effort. The main thing is to follow the rules of the content, and then you will receive not only original decoration premises, but, over time, and his small coffee plantation.