What can be cooked from squid: fast and tasty

A four-pitched roof is a very popular type of roof that allows you to give the house an original look. It is often used in projects big houses, as it looks more compact and neater than a gable with gables. The design of a hipped roof can be simple or include various elements - dormers and dormer windows, for example, really enliven the structure, make it unique.

A four-pitched roof compares favorably with a gable roof not only appearance. It protects the building much more reliably from rain, snow and wind. The design of such a roof is more complicated than that of a gable roof, but for small house or gazebos, a do-it-yourself hipped roof is not particularly difficult.

Varieties of a hipped roof

A simple hip roof consists of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular hip roofs. During its construction, techniques are used to make layered rafters and four-pitched rafters.

Four-pitched roof for a country house

The semi-hip roof consists of two trapezoidal slopes and two cut-off hips, under which there is a pediment. This design allows you to make in the attic attic floor with big panoramic windows and at the same time does not reduce the reliability of the roof.

A hipped roof differs from a simple hip roof in that all its four slopes are exactly the same, they are isosceles triangles converging at one point.

A complex hipped roof may contain vertical attic windows with gables, valleys and adjoining other elements of the building. To perform such a roof, it is better to resort to the services of specialists or use finished project and calculation of materials.

Elements of a pitched roof

A four-pitched roof as a whole consists of the same elements as a gable roof, but the features of its design require the installation of additional frame components. The elements of a hipped roof include:

• Mauerlat - a beam laid on the upper part of the outer walls and taking the main load from the roof;
• Beds - internal support bars laid on load-bearing walls or columns;
• Rafters - lateral and diagonal, or slanting. The side rafters form a trapezoidal roof slope, the sloping rafters form a hip. The hipped roof has no side rafters;
• Racks and sprengels - vertical supports supporting the truss system;
• A ridge beam or purlin is a horizontal support for the rafters at the top of the roof. It is laid on racks and fixed. The hipped roof is made without a ridge beam;
• Puffs or crossbars - horizontal elements connecting side rafters and not allowing them to disperse to the sides;
• Narozhniki - elements laid on diagonal rafters and forming a slope frame;
• Struts and wind beams - struts that increase the strength of the roof and its ability to withstand loads;
• Filly - boards that form the necessary overhang of the roof and are fixed to the rafters in their lower part.

Depending on the design of the roof, other elements can also be used, such as battens, protective strips, cornices above the windows and porch.

To calculate the required amount of materials, you need to draw a sketch of the roof in advance, decide on its shape and dimensions, then draw a scale drawing and calculate the required material.

Technology for the construction of a hipped roof

1. In order for the load from the truss system, roofing and snow swept up on the roof in winter period, was evenly distributed, longitudinal elements are laid on top of all load-bearing walls - Mauerlat and beds. They are made from timber 100x150 mm or 150x150 mm, and in some cases from reinforced concrete beams. At self construction houses usually use wood - this material is lighter and more convenient to process, so we will consider it. The beam is placed on the walls and fixed with anchor studs. Studs are installed even during the construction of walls, deepening them into the masonry. V wooden buildings the upper crown of the log house serves as supports. Between the Mauerlat and the wall, waterproofing is necessarily performed from two layers of roofing material. The beds are placed on the load-bearing partitions on which the support posts will be installed.
2. If there are no internal partitions in the house or they are not located in the center of the roof, the racks are placed on reinforced floor beams. Overlappings are usually made of boards 50x200 mm. The beam, on which the racks are installed, carries an increased load, so it is made from two spliced ​​boards or from a bar 100x200 mm.
3. Install the support posts on the beds or floor beams. They are leveled using a plumb line or water level, after which they are fixed with temporary supports from boards to self-tapping screws. Racks are attached to the bed or ceiling with the help of a corner and metal plates-overlays. Racks for a hip simple roof are placed in one row in the center of the roof, under the ridge. The distance between them should not be more than two meters. For the construction of a hipped roof, racks are placed on diagonal lines at an equal distance from the corner. At the same time, the racks should form a rectangle that repeats the shape of the perimeter of the house. The height of the racks is determined by the roof project.
4. Runs are laid on the racks. For simple hip roof this is a ridge run laid on racks and forming a roof ridge. For a hipped roof, the girders are placed on racks in the form of a rectangle. Fix them on the corner and self-tapping screws.
5. Proceed to install the rafters. Side rafters on a simple hip roof are installed similarly to layered rafters gable roof: apply to the ridge beam in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe extreme rack a board with a width similar to the width of the rafter board - 150 mm. A template is made on it. The board for the template can be taken not so thick and heavy, 25 mm thickness is enough. On the template, mark the upper gash, with which the rafter will rest on the ridge beam, cut it out. Having attached the template to the ridge, they also mark out the lower gash, with which the rafter will rest on the Mauerlat. Ready template applied to the ridge run at the installation sites of the side rafters, checking the need to fit each rafter in place. If the template fits perfectly, the rafters are marked and cut according to the template in the right amount. They are installed on the ridge run and Mauerlat and fixed with the help of corners and self-tapping screws or on brackets. The pitch of the rafters is from 0.5 to 1.5 meters.

   

6. Diagonal rafters carry an increased load, so they are made of two boards spliced ​​in thickness. The diagonal rafter pattern is performed in a similar way. Diagonal rafters rest on the upright with their upper side, and on the Mauerlat angle with their lower side, so the cuts in the boards must be made at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the board.

   

7. The distance between the diagonal rafters on the hip slopes is filled with sprigs. They are installed in increments equal to the calculated pitch of the rafters, and the upper part is supported by the diagonal rafter, and the lower part is supported by the Mauerlat. Usually a less thick board is used, since the spears do not carry a significant load. In the upper part of the board, they make a wash down, and according to this template, half of the sprigs are performed, the second half - in a mirror image. The lower cuts are marked in place, and the ends of the sprigs, forming an overhang, are cut along the stretched cord after installation.
8. The lower quarter of the diagonal rafters experiences the greatest load, so vertical supports - sprengels are placed under them. These racks are placed similarly to ridge racks on reinforced beams - when pre-calculating the floors, you need to immediately lay them. Braces are placed under the side rafters, resting their lower edge on the bed or floor beams, and the upper edge on the rafter leg at an angle of about 45 degrees to the horizon.

   

9. Perform a crate. Almost any roofing material can be used on a hipped roof, and the choice between or is a matter of taste and the features of their installation. Often, soft tiles are used as a coating for complex roofs; in this case, the crate is made of solid plywood. The issue is decided depending on the project of the house - when building a residential attic in it, insulation is necessary, but if the attic is cold, . hipped roof it’s not easy with your own hands, but with a good skill in working with wood and roofing materials, this is quite a doable task. For a better understanding of the construction process, you can also watch the video.

If it is necessary to create a durable and reliable roofing system for a private house, a hipped roof can be made by hand. It is important to carefully consider the development of the project of the truss system and strictly observe the technology of installation of structures.

Designing a hipped roof

A hipped or hipped four-pitched roof differs from a gable roof by the absence of gables - instead of them, additional triangular slopes are mounted on the ends. This design is more laborious during construction, but is characterized by increased strength and reliability. At the design stage, it is required to correctly calculate the parameters and location of the elements; during the installation process, they must be precisely adjusted to the installation sites.

It should be noted that building a roof with your own hands may require the use of non-standard solutions if the builders do not have suitable building materials at their disposal.

The hipped roof project is developed taking into account all types of loads that it will experience. At the first stage, the angle of inclination of the roof slopes should be determined. This parameter primarily depends on factors such as:

• purpose attic space;
• choice roofing material;
• nature of atmospheric loads in the construction area.

Typically, the angle of inclination of the roof slopes is 5 - 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by low rainfall and strong winds, you can build a roof with a small angle of inclination. In areas with heavy snowfalls and frequent rains, it is recommended to build roofs with a slope angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

When choosing a roofing material, you should consider the features of its installation.:

• on slopes with an angle of inclination of less than 18 degrees, flat or wavy slate can be mounted, roll materials;
• if the angle of inclination is less than 30 degrees - you can use different kinds tiles;
• if the slopes are located at an angle of 14 to 60 degrees, in the number suitable materials roofing metal included.

The scheme of the roof structure should contain detailed information about the location and size of the elements of the system. After determining the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, it is required to calculate the height of the roof ridge (based on the formula of a right triangle).

truss system

The design of a hipped roof includes the determination of the required section of the elements of the truss system. It is performed on the basis of an analysis of the loads that the truss system will experience during operation. It is necessary to take into account the wind load, the maximum mass of snow in winter, the angle of inclination of the slopes.

It is recommended to choose a safety margin of rafters of at least 1.4, as well as to evaluate their bearing capacity and take it into account when calculating the pitch of the rafters. The type of truss system is selected based on the parameters of the building: if there is an internal load-bearing wall or columnar supports, it is more convenient to use a system with layered rafters, if it is not possible to create a supporting structure, installation of hanging rafters is provided. In some cases, both types of rafters can be used.

During the design process, it is important not only to determine the type of truss system, but also to find out the need for additional fasteners, such as braces and puffs. They provide rigidity to the entire structure, prevent it from loosening over time, and reduce the load on the rafters.

Load calculation

Considering in detail how to make a hipped roof, it is worth paying special attention to the principles of calculating loads. There are two types of loads:

• constant (weight of the crate, insulation, insulating materials, roofing);
• temporary (weight of snow accumulated on the roof, wind exposure, etc.);
• additional (any structures attached to the rafters).

According to SNiP, when designing a roof, one should proceed from the average snow load, which is 180 kg / m 2, but in the event of a snow bag, in this area the load increases to 400 kg / m 2. In this case, the snow load is not taken into account if the angle of inclination of the roof slopes exceeds 60 degrees. It is also required to take into account wind loads, but their value is noticeably less - up to 35 kg / m 2. If the slope angle is less than 30 degrees, the wind correction can be neglected.

The above average load parameters are recommended to be corrected using correction factors corresponding to the climate in the construction area.

An additional load is any suspended objects attached to the roof rafters. These can be ventilation chambers, a water tank, or other devices installed in the attic. The possibility of their installation should be taken into account at the design stage of a hipped roof.

When designing a rafter system, two calculations must be performed. The first calculation is aimed at assessing the structural strength parameters - it is necessary to make sure that the system does not break under loads. The second calculation makes it possible to estimate the degree of deformation of structural elements. For example, the deflection of a mansard roof rafter should not exceed 1/250 of its length.

Special computer calculator programs make it possible to significantly simplify the calculations of the design of a hipped roof and avoid possible errors.

After performing the necessary calculations, a drawing is drawn up roof structure hipped roof. Detailed scheme contains information about the dimensions of each element and how they are attached.

Materials for the manufacture of the truss system

A do-it-yourself hipped roof is usually made using lumber from softwood - larch or pine. You should carefully consider the type of wood - lumber should not have defects that affect its strength and durability.

The moisture content of wood should be no more than 18-22%. Otherwise, the boards and timber should be dried before use in order to avoid deformation of the roof structure during operation.

To create a rafter system, it is optimal to use a rectangular beam, the cross section of which is determined design calculations. As an alternative solution, a board with a section of 50x100 or 50x200 mm can be used. If necessary, double boards are mounted.

Steel elements that hold the rafters and keep their relative position unchanged allow to increase the strength of the multi-pitched roof structure. Supports for the most loaded ridge runs can also be made of metal. Combined structures are characterized by increased strength.

Features of the construction of a hip roof

The roof with four slopes is supported by a Mauerlat, the installation of which is described in detail in the instructions for the construction of a gable roof. A feature of the hip roof is that the Mauerlat needs to be laid on all four external walls building. When figuring out how to make a hipped roof, it should be noted that the key design feature is the presence of diagonal rafters connecting the ridge and the corners of the building. It is these rafters that take on the maximum load.

It is extremely important to correctly mark the diagonal rafters, ridge run and supports for it. This makes it possible to ensure the absolute symmetry of the structure, which is the key to an even distribution of loads on the roof of the structure and prevents its deformation.

After mounting the mauerlat, supports are installed under the ridge run, which must be fixed strictly horizontally at the height provided for by the project. Diagonal rafters made of timber or double boards are attached to the ridge run.

To ensure the required length of the diagonal rafters, in some cases it is necessary to mount them in two parts. To unload the joint, it is recommended to install a support under it. The greatest rigidity of the structure can be achieved if the joint with the support is located at a distance equal to a quarter of the length of the rafter from its upper part, fixed to the ridge. In general, for the installation of diagonal rafters, it is most convenient to use prefabricated (glued) rafter legs, which are highly durable and ideal for erecting complex structures.

After installing the main structure, consisting of a ridge run and diagonal rafters, rafters are mounted for mounting the crate. The peculiarities of the hip roof include the use of not only full-sized rafter legs, which are attached to the ridge with the upper part (central rafters), but also joists - corner rafters, resting on the diagonal rafters with their upper end. The length of the sprigs decreases as it approaches the corner of a triangular or trapezoidal slope. The spacing of the rafter legs is determined at the design stage, and at least three central rafters must be mounted on each slope, regardless of its length.

To ensure the rigidity of the entire structure, supports, puffs and braces are installed in the right places. The installation of the crate completes the creation of the truss system. Mounted waterproofing, roofing material. From the inside, insulation and vapor barrier are fixed. If it is planned to use the space under the roof as a living space, special attention should be paid to thermal insulation and ventilation of the roof. In addition, it is necessary to design and then correctly mount roof windows.

Details on how to build a hipped roof on your own can be found in the thematic video.

The roofs of private houses, having four, and not one or two slopes, are a much more serious design. It is no more difficult to assemble it than a gable one, but the four-slope roof of the truss system has more advantages. High quality roofing is provided by the strength of such a system. In the photo do-it-yourself hipped roof

Features of the roof of four slopes

1. The main advantage is the absence of tongs and gables. The unconventional design of the truss system allows the roof to endure strong winds without consequences, minimize possible damage in places of eaves overhangs over time, and the absence of a gable is a saving on building materials and labor costs.
2. The ends of the rafters, which intersect with each other and are mounted on the ridge beam, give the structure rigidity, prevent its deformation under the weight of precipitation, roof building materials or equipment mounted on the roof.
3. The design and arrangement of the hip roof suggests the possibility of arranging cornice overhangs around the perimeter of the entire house, protecting the facade from atmospheric influences and temperature changes.
4. In the scheme of architectural conformity, a hipped roof when a veranda or attic is attached to the house makes the building more resistant to unevenly distributed loads.
5. The aesthetics of the roof has been proven by practice and time - such structures have been used since the years when people learned to build shelters for themselves, which then turned into strong and beautiful houses.

How the truss system of a hipped roof will be constructed depends on the type of blood - tent or hip. Therefore, it is worth considering in more detail these varieties, their features and device.
Photo hip roof device

hip roof

The hip-type roof (see photo above) is an assembly of two trapezoidal or triangular wooden knots. These elements are fastened together by the planes of the upper surfaces, and the edges of the triangles are overlapped by ridge slopes.

Mounted on the truss frame of the hip roof roofing cake, consisting of several layers: a waterproofing agent, a heat insulator, a ventilation layer of building materials and a finishing decorative and protective coating (see video). According to the type of fastening, the hip roof system is divided into hanging and layered types. The layered scheme of the four-pitched roof truss system is more economical, easier to install and design.
Rafter system drawings

For hip roof slopes ≤ 35°, auxiliary support beams are required to reinforce the long span with rafters. Additional supports protect the house from atmospheric moisture, strong winds and temperature changes.

1. The rafters of the sloping structure - a bar mounted diagonally, one end rests against the Mauerlat, the other - is attached to the next pair. Since the rafters are very large when unfolded, they must be securely fixed on the roof. Also, the rafters play the role of a support for the sprigs.
2. Trapezoidal wooden assemblies for roof slopes.
3. Narozhniki - small structures made of rafter beams of short length, fixed on rafters of a sloping type. If the width of the walls of the house is ≥ 4.5 m, then the structure is connected into a block of several elements, so that later they can be made into a single roof.
4. Struts, crossbars and racks serve to minimize the size and use of sprockets. The use of these elements allows you to assemble the roof with little or no additional reinforcement.
5. The beds serve as supports for racks and struts, with their lower end resting against brick supports on the inner wall end or adjusted to size with linings of wooden bars.
6. The run is a beam laid parallel to the lower support beam. Serves to ensure the strength of the truss structure.
7. Sprengels increase rigidity in all directions. Sprengel should have the same cross section as the rafters, and they are attached along the length of the span.

hipped roof

A tent-type roof can be built from triangular wooden structures. It will not be easy for a non-specialist to cope with the construction of such a roof, since here it is important to strictly observe all dimensions and dimensions in order to achieve complete symmetry of the hipped roof. But thanks to such a roof, your house will withstand the wind of any strength, even a hurricane. A homemade roof, the truss system of which is made in the form of a tent, perfectly protects housing from the penetration of cold and moisture even into the attic or attic space.

By design, the drawings of the hip and hip rafter systems are similar, since they consist of the same nodes and elements. The difference is only in the length of the rafters and mounting options. Hanging or layered rafters also work well in a tent structure, but it is very difficult for an amateur to fix the hanging elements on their own - the help of a professional will be required. A hip roof is often built over areas without internal ceilings, partitions and walls, and beams for supports are laid on load-bearing walls. Layered parts are cheaper and easier to manufacture, but require an internal load-bearing wall and/or concrete columns to work with.

1. Before starting work with any wood products, they must be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant agents.
2. Wood for any elements must be well dried in natural conditions. The moisture content of the material must be ≤ 22%.
3. Mauerlat is made from a bar with a square section of 150 mm or a rectangular section of 150 x 100 mm.
4. The rafters must be ≥ 50 mm long and ≥ 150 mm wide.
5. For all products, one type of wood is used, and preferably coniferous.
6. To make a large number of crossbars, racks and girders with one cut angle, a pre-prepared template is used.

V hip system rafters are first supported in the form of a Mauerlat. Not only the strength of the structure, but also the aesthetics of the entire roof depend on its even device, so the support beams must be laid strictly horizontally. The alignment of the Mauerlat can be facilitated by pouring a small grillage (formwork) around the entire perimeter of the walls of the house. See the video below for more on this.

For fastening the grillage, reinforcing pins driven into or inserted into the wall are used. Through the holes in these rods, the Mauerlat is attached threaded connections to walls and grillage.

How to assemble and mount the hip roof system on site:

1. The upper planes of the load-bearing walls of the house must be opened with waterproofing agents - mastic, bitumen, tar before installation. A roofing material is laid on top of the waterproofing layer.
2. The support beam, from which the Mauerlat will be assembled, is mounted on pins in the walls, attracted by nuts and washers. When installing the Mauerlat, you need to constantly check its horizontalness with a level.
3. Next, the central support is installed - racks with a ridge will be attached to it. The support beam is laid either on the side beams of the Mauerlat, or on the surface of the internal load-bearing walls.
4. Vertical beams are installed for the main support of the ridge. Ridge supports do not need to be fixed rigidly immediately - only after the rafter system is fully assembled. Rigidity can be given with steel corners, wooden spacers or metal studs.
5. In order for the roof to be perfectly symmetrical, the rafters of the triangular hip structures are supported on the Mauerlat in the calculated places. Marking for each of them must be done in advance so that the beam does not fall on the mounting rod. Intermediate beams are needed to connect the ridge to the walls.
6. Next, slanting rafters are installed, which will connect each corner of the house with the end of the ridge beam.

A distance of ≥ 50 cm is maintained between the overhang and the wall. If the site is selected in a region with strong winds, then this distance is doubled. In this way, the roof and walls are protected from precipitation, which can blow in and moisten the surface up to the foundation.

1. Now you can attach ordinary rafters to connect the Mauerlat to the ridge. The distance between the rafters is calculated based on overall dimensions roofs and lengths of intermediate rafters. Some roofing building materials need to be laid on a frequently installed crate, so general recommendations there are no distances. Ordinary rafters in the standard solution are installed in the groove after 0.4-0.5 m, and the attachment point can also be reinforced with nails or steel overhead plates.
2. If the roof has a small angle of inclination, then the rafters need to be reinforced with trusses due to the additional snow pressure in winter.
3. To strengthen the upper end of the sloping bars, a truss truss is mounted. It consists of two struts coming out of the same point.
4. The last step in the construction of the truss system is the crate. The material for the frame of the crate is selected based on the roofing material. Most often, these are square slats with a section of 5 cm, and if the crate is solid, then boards or five-layer plywood can be used.

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The four-pitched (hip) roof is considered one of the most complex structures. Like any, it has its advantages and disadvantages. To make an informed decision, you need to familiarize yourself with the actual performance characteristics of a hipped roof.

Flaws

As you can see, the advantages of a hipped roof are doubtful, and the disadvantages are significant.

Practical advice. Professional builders recommend choosing hipped roofs only in exceptional cases, when other options are unacceptable for various reasons.

Types of hipped roofs

Each country has its own building traditions and style preferences. What types of hip roofs are used by architects?

Table. Kinds of four pitched roofs.

There are no universal recommendations for choosing the type of a hipped roof; each developer must make a decision on his own or after consulting with architects. But you should always remember that there are other, cheaper and more successful options for truss systems.

Step-by-step instructions for building a hipped roof

For example, consider the variant of the simplest of the listed types of hip roofs - the classic one. But even such simple design a hip roof is much more difficult than any gable roof.

Important. You can start building a hip roof only after the professionals have made all the calculations. The best option- order a house project in the relevant organizations. This will be much cheaper than restoring the structure after its destruction.

Building a frame for a roof with four slopes is a difficult process with characteristic technological features. During the construction, their own structural components are used, the sequence of work is different. But the result will amaze with its spectacular shape and durability when repelling atmospheric attacks. AND home master can be proud of personal achievements in the field of a roofer.

However, before deciding on a device of a similar design, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the algorithm according to which the truss system of a hipped roof is being built and with the specifics of its device.

The hipped roof class combines two types of structures that resemble a square and rectangular envelope in plan. The first variety is called tent, the second - hip. Against the background of their pitched counterparts, they are distinguished by the absence of gables, called tongs in roofing. In the construction of both variants of four-pitched structures, layered and hanging rafters are used, the installation of which is carried out in accordance with standard technologies for the construction of pitched truss systems.

Characteristic differences within the four-slope class:

• At the hipped roof, all four slopes are in the form of isosceles triangles, the tops of which converge at one highest point. There is no ridge as such in the tent construction; its function is performed by the central support in layered systems or the top of the hanging truss.
• At the hip roof, a pair of main slopes has a trapezoidal configuration, and the second pair is triangular. The hip design differs from the tented counterpart in the obligatory presence of a ridge, to which the trapezoid adjoins the upper bases. Triangular slopes, they are also hips, adjoin the ridge top, and their sides are docked with the inclined sides of the trapezoid.

Based on the configuration of the roofs in the plan, it is clear that it is customary to erect tent structures over square buildings, and hip structures over rectangular houses. Both soft and soft are suitable as a coating. The characteristic square or rectangular shape is repeated by the drawings of the four-pitched roof truss system with a clearly marked arrangement of elements in the plan and vertical projections of the slopes.

Often, hip and hip systems are used together in the construction of one object or effectively complement gable, single-pitched, broken and other roofs.

Constructions with four slopes can be based directly on the upper crown of a wooden house or on a Mauerlat serving top harness brick or concrete walls. If you can find upper and lower supports for each rafter, the roof frame is constructed using layered technology.

Installing rafter legs is easier and more affordable for the inexperienced home roofer who needs to consider that:

• With a rigid fastening of the upper and lower heels of the rafters with metal corners or with the help of a wooden support plate, a reinforced Mauerlat fastening will be required, because the spacer will be transferred to it.
• With a rigid fixation of the upper heel and a hinged fastening of the bottom of the rafter, it is not necessary to strengthen the fastening of the Mauerlate, because. when the load on the roof is exceeded, the hinged mount, for example, on sliders, will allow the rafter to move slightly without creating pressure on the Mauerlat.
• With a hinged fastening of the top of the rafters and a rigid fixation of the bottom, the spacer and pressure on the Mauerlat are also excluded.

The issues of fastening the Mauerlat and the method of installing the rafter legs, which are closely related to it, according to the rules, are resolved at the design stage of the house. If the building does not have an internal load-bearing wall or it is not possible to build reliable supports under the central part of the roof, nothing will work except for the hanging assembly scheme of the truss system. True, in most cases, a layered method of construction is used, for the implementation of which it is necessary to foresee the bearing support inside the building in advance.

In the device of truss systems for tented and hip hipped roofs, specific structural elements, it:

• Diagonal rafter legs forming the ridge joints of the slopes. In hip structures, diagonals, they are also rafters, connect the consoles of the ridge run to the corners of the roof. In tent systems, slanted legs connect the top to the corners.
• Narozhniki, or truss semi-legs, installed perpendicular to the cornices. They rely on diagonal rafters, are located parallel to each other, therefore they differ in different lengths. Narozhniki form the planes of tent and hip slopes.

Diagonal rafters and joists are also used for the construction of valleys, only then concave roof corners are arranged, and not convex like hip ones.

The whole complexity of building frames for roofs with four slopes lies in the installation of diagonal rafters, which determine the result of the formation of the structure. In addition, the slopes are required to steadfastly hold a load one and a half times greater than ordinary truss legs of pitched roofs. Because they work part-time as a hobby, i.e. support for the upper heel of the sprigs.

If you briefly describe the procedure for building a layered frame for a hipped roof, then you can meet the following steps:

• Mauerlat device on brick or concrete walls. The process of installing a Mauerlat on walls made of logs or timber can be abolished, because. it can be successfully replaced by the upper crown.
• Installation of a central support for a hipped structure or a supporting frame for the main part of a hip roof.
• Installation of ordinary layered rafters: a pair for a hipped roof and a row defined by the design solution for a hip structure.
• Installation of diagonal rafter legs connecting the corners of the systems with the top of the support or the extreme points of the ridge.
• Production by size and fastening of sprigs.

In the case of using a hanging frame scheme, the start of the construction of the hipped frame will be the installation of a triangular truss truss in the center. The installation of a series of truss trusses will be the beginning of the installation of a four-pitched hip truss system.

Construction of a hip truss system

Let's take a look at one of the common examples of a hip roof device with layered rafter legs. They will have to rely on floor beams laid on top of the Mauerlat. Rigid fastening with a notch will only be used to fix the top of the rafter legs on the ridge run, so there is no need to strengthen the Mauerlat fasteners. The dimensions of the box of the house shown in the example are 8.4 × 10.8 m. The actual dimensions of the roof in the plan will increase on each side by the amount of the cornice overhang, by 40-50 cm.

Mauerlat base device

Mauerlat is a purely individual element, the method of its installation depends on the material of the walls and the architectural features of the building. The method of laying the Mauerlat is planned according to the rules during the design period, because for reliable fixation of the Mauerlat it is recommended:

• Lightweight foam concrete, gas silicate and similar walls should be equipped with a reinforced reinforced concrete belt, poured around the perimeter, with anchors installed during the pouring period for attaching the Mauerlat.
• Brick walls should be edged with a side in one or two bricks along the outer edge so that a ledge is formed along the inner edge for laying a wooden frame. During masonry, wooden plugs are laid between the bricks for attaching the mauerlat with brackets to the wall.

A Mauerlat is made from a bar measuring 150 × 150 or 100 × 150 mm. If the operation of the under-roof space is supposed, it is advisable to take the bars thicker. The timber is connected into a single frame with oblique cuts. Then the joints are reinforced with self-tapping screws, ordinary nails or capercaillie, and the corners are reinforced with brackets.

On top of the Mauerlat aligned to the horizon, constructed in the best way for a particular building, floor beams are laid. A bar with a section of 100 × 200 mm is used. First of all, a beam is laid, passing exactly along the central axis of the building. In the example, the length of the beam for the construction of solid beams is not enough, because they are assembled from two beams. The docking point should be located above a reliable support. In the example, the support is an internal load-bearing wall.

The step between the floor beams is 60 cm. If the equipped box does not have ideal parameters, as it happens in most situations, the distance between the beams can be slightly changed. Such an adjustment allows you to slightly "make up" the flaws in the construction. Between the extreme beams on both sides and the walls of the house there should be a gap of 90 cm wide, necessary for the installation of extensions.

Because floor beams can independently form only two cornice overhangs, short half-beams of floor - extension are attached to their ends. They are first installed only in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe main part of the hip roof, exactly where the rafter legs are to be mounted. They are nailed to the mauerlat with nails, fastened to the beam with screws, large-caliber nails, dowels, reinforce the fasteners with corners.

The construction of the ridge

The central part of the hip roof is an ordinary gable construction. The rafter system for her is arranged according to the rules that dictate. In the example, there are some deviations from the classical interpretation of the pitched principle: the bed is not used, on which, traditionally, supports for the ridge run are installed. The work of the bed will have to be performed by the central floor beam.

In order to build the ridge part of the hip roof truss system, you need:

• Build a support frame for the rafter legs, the top of which will rest on the ridge run. The run will be based on three supports, the central of which is installed directly on the central floor beam. To install the two extreme supports, first two transverse bars are laid, overlapping at least five floor beams. Stability is enhanced with two struts. For the manufacture of horizontal and vertical parts of the support frame, a bar with a section of 100 × 150 mm was used, the struts were made from a board of 50 × 150 mm.
• Make rafter legs, for which you must first make a template. A board of suitable dimensions is applied to the installation site, lines of future cuts are drawn on it. She will be the template for the in-line production of rafters.
• Install the rafter legs, resting them with a notch on the ridge run, and with the lower heel on the take-out located opposite.

If the floor beams were laid across the box, then the rafters of the main part of the roof would rest on the floor beams, which is much more reliable. However, in the example, they rely on the removal, therefore, additional mini-supports must be arranged under them. These supports should be positioned so that the load from them and the rafters located above is transferred to the walls.

Then three rows of extensions are mounted on each of the four sides. For the convenience of implementing further actions, the roof contour is drawn up eaves board. It must be nailed to the floor beams and extensions strictly horizontally.

Installation of corner offsets

In the space limited by the cornice board, there were corner sections left unfilled with details of the truss system. Here you will need corner offsets, for the installation of which is carried out as follows:

• In order to indicate the direction of installation, we pull the cord. We stretch from the point of conditional intersection of the extreme support of the frame with the floor beam to the corner.
• From above, along the lace, we apply a bar to its place. Holding the bar, from below we outline the lines of saw cuts at the point where the bar intersects the floor beam and the corner connection of the cornice boards.
• We attach the finished takeaway with sawn off excess to the Mauerlat and to the floor beam with corners.

The remaining three corner extensions are manufactured and mounted in the same way.

Installation of diagonal rafters

Diagonal, they are also slanting, rafter legs are made of two boards sewn together with a cross section equal to the size of ordinary rafters. In the example, one of the boards will be slightly higher than the second due to the difference in the angles of the hips and trapezoidal slopes.

The sequence of works for the manufacture and installation of the braids:

• From the highest point of the ridge, we stretch the lace to the corners and to the central point of the slope. These are auxiliary lines along which we will mark the upcoming cuts.
• With a carpenter's goniometer - we measure the angle between the lace and the upper side of the angular offset with a small one. This determines the angle of the lower cut. Suppose it is equal to α. The angle of the upper cut is calculated by the formula β = 90º - α.
• At an angle β, we cut down one edge of an arbitrary trimming of the board. We apply it to the place of the upper attachment, aligning the edge of this blank with the cord. We outline the excess that interferes with a tight installation. You need to cut again along the marked lines.
• At an angle α, we saw off the lower heel on another piece of board.
• We make the first half of the diagonal rafter using the patterns of the upper and lower support. If a solid board is not enough in length, two pieces can be spliced. You can splice them with a meter-long piece of an inch planted on self-tapping screws; it should be placed on the outside of the oblique leg being constructed. We install the finished first part.
• We do the second part of the rafter in the same way, but we take into account that it should be slightly lower than its first half. The area where the boards are connected into one element should not coincide with the area where the boards are joined in the first half of the sloping.
• We sew two boards with nails in a run-up with a step of 40-50 cm.
• On a lace stretched to the center of the slope, we draw a line along which it will be necessary to adjust the cut to join it with the adjacent rafter.

Following the described algorithm, it is necessary to install three more diagonal legs. Under each of them, supports should be installed at the point of attachment of the corner offsets to the beams. If the span is more than 7.5 m, another support is installed diagonally closer to the ridge.

Manufacturing and installation of hip rafters

The lace between the top of the skate and the center of the slope is already stretched. It served as an axis for outlining the cuts, and now you need to measure the angle γ along it and calculate the angle δ \u003d 90º - γ. Without deviating from the proven path, we prepare templates for the upper and lower support. We apply the upper trim to the place intended for it and mark the cut lines on it for a tight fit between the diagonal rafters. According to the blanks, we make the central leg of the hip and fix it where it is supposed to.

In the space between the corner outriggers and the cornice board, we install short extensions to stiffen the structure and to ensure a strong fixation of the shortest, shortest outriggers. Next, you should start making templates for the sparrows themselves:

• We cut the board cut at an angle δ and attach it to the place of attachment to the diagonal rafter.
• In fact, we outline the surplus that needs to be cut down again. The resulting template is used in the manufacture of all sprigs, for example, the right side of the hip. For the left side, the upper template will be filed from the opposite side.
• As a template for the lower heel of the sprigs, we use a piece of board sawn off at an angle γ. If all the previous steps were performed correctly, then this template is used to make the lower attachment points for all other sprigs.

In accordance with the actual length and "indications" of the templates, sprigs are made, which are necessary for the formation of the hip planes and the parts of the main slopes that are not filled with ordinary rafter legs. They are installed so that the upper attachment points of the sprigs to the diagonal rafters are located in a run, i.e. the upper connecting nodes of adjacent slopes should not converge in one place. The sprigs are attached to the slanting rafter leg corners, to floor beams and extensions in a way that is more reasonable and convenient: corners or metal toothed plates.

The hipped roof technology is based on already familiar hip principles. True, there is no ridge part of the truss system in their design. The construction begins with the installation of a central support, to which the sloping rafters are attached, and then the slats. If an envelope is used in roof construction hanging technology, then the finished truss truss is installed first.

We invite you to take advantage of our free online calculator for calculating building materials when installing a hip roof - and follow the instructions.

Helpful Video Instructions

Briefly with the sequence and rules for installing the truss system of a hipped roof of hip and hip categories, the video will acquaint you:

Having familiarized yourself with the specifics of the device and having mastered the intricacies of installing roofs with four slopes, you can safely proceed to the implementation of plans for its construction.