What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

The exam paper of the OGE in the Russian language consists of three parts.

The first part of the work is writing a concise summary of the text you have heard.

This form requires not just mobilization of the student's memory, but above all a structured perception of the content of the text, the ability to highlight micro themes in it, to determine the main, essential in them, to cut off the secondary. Thus, the concise presentation encourages the graduate to perform information processing of the text. At the same time, not only reproductive, but also productive communication skills are in demand, and above all the ability to select lexical and grammatical means that make it possible to coherently and concisely convey the information received.

Basic Approaches to Concise Presentation Evaluation are presented in the FIPI document "Methodological materials for the chairmen and members of regional subject commissions for checking the fulfillment of tasks with a detailed answer of the examinations of the OGE 2017"

(Exercise 1)

Listen to the text and write a succinct summary.

Please note that you must convey the main content of both each micro-topic and the entire text as a whole.

* The length of the presentation is at least 70 words.

Write your presentation neatly and in legible handwriting.

* When counting words, both independent and service parts of speech are taken into account. Any sequence of words written without a space is counted (for example, "all the same" - one word, "all the same" - two words). Initials with a surname are considered one word (for example, "M.Yu. Lermontov" - one word). Any other characters, in particular numbers, are not taken into account in the calculation (for example, "5 years" - one word, "five years" - two words).

If there are less than 50 words in the presentation, then such work is not counted and is estimated at zero points, the task is considered unfulfilled.

Evaluation criteria for assignment 1

Table 1

* See Table 2 in the FIPI document

The maximum number of points for a succinct presentation according to the criteria of SG1 – SG3 - 7

An expert checks the work if it contains at least 50 words.

When writing a presentation, the examinee may use a vocabulary that differs from that presented in the original text or in the information about the text.

The examinee must write the narration from the person from whom the narration in the original text proceeds.

If proper names are found in the source text, they should be written out on the board.

Reading the examination paper, the expert establishes:

Correspondence of the number of micro-topics in the work of the examinee to the number of micro-topics in the information about the text;

The sequence of micro-themes in the examiner's work, which must correspond to the sequence of micro-themes in the information about the text;

Accuracy of information transfer in each of the micro-themes.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that the presentation is not reproduced, but created text. This provision directs the experts evaluating the student's presentation to take into account not only the content characteristics of the concise presentation (the presence of micro themes, keywords), but also the logic of the development of the author's thought.

The author of the text can disclose the general thesis formulated in the first paragraph, can actualize new aspects in an apparently well-known concept, can refute the prevailing idea of ​​a particular phenomenon, etc. So, in the above work of the student, we see the complete correspondence of the presentation to the structural and semantic parts of the original text.

This, for example, manifests itself in the sequence of keywords: vocation, talent, hard work, happiness, specialist, favorite profession, etc. That is why, in order to increase the objectivity and reliability of the verification, the expert should carefully study the source text, identify the author's purpose, which is reflected in the choice of the topic, the sequence of semantic parts, and the selection of speech means.

How to properly compress the text, what is a micro theme and why should you know if you are a visual or an auditory.

Foxford Media

In the first part of the OGE in the Russian language, you need to write a summary. On the exam, an audio recording is included twice, in which the actor reads a short text of about 150 words in three paragraphs. The first time - for acquaintance, the second time - to consolidate what you heard. The audio recording lasts 2.5–3 minutes. Between readings, give another 3-4 minutes to comprehend the text and work with the notes in the draft. After the second listening, students begin to write a presentation.

Perception types

People perceive information in different ways. There are visuals who assimilate it visually: in order to understand the text, they read it. And there are auditors who easily perceive the text by ear.

What type of perception you have depends on what you do while listening to the audio recording.

If you are a visualist, write your abstract in a draft right away. Never mind when they say “listen first” on the exam. Do as it is convenient - after all, it will be easier for you to work with the written text later.

If you are an auditor, listen carefully to the audio recording first. Even when everyone around you rushes to take notes in drafts, do not write anything: sit and listen. To record what you hear, you will have a break between readings.

If you cannot determine your type of perception, ask someone to read two texts to you. With the first, work like a visual: write down the theses immediately while reading. First listen to the second text, and then write down everything that you remember by ear. Then see how you enjoyed the job better, and stick with that strategy throughout your preparation and the exam itself.

Stages of work on the presentation

1. First reading.

Visuals: Record what you hear immediately. It is best to do this by shortening words and leaving large spaces between lines. Do not spare the paper: you will be given as many drafts as you need.

Audials: mentally highlight the most important in the text and divide it into semantic parts in order to understand what is said in each of them. It is also worth immediately determining the main topic of the text.

2. Break between readings.

Visuals: write down the abbreviated words and run your eyes over the written to understand what the text is about.

Audials: Write down the reference words, leaving large spaces between them. Try to make a detailed outline of the text right away. Highlight the micro-themes of each of the three parts and formulate 1-2 sentences, which contain the main idea of ​​each paragraph.

3. Second reading.

Visuals: write in the spaces left that you did not write the first time. It doesn't matter if there is room left: this is still a draft.

Audials: flesh out the first impression of the text and, if possible, supplement the outline of the text. Pay attention to the logic of the author's reasoning and compare it with your plan: select the key words and correlate paragraphs with them.

4. Proofreading the draft: find micro themes, plan and separate the main information from the background information.

Put everything you wrote together and draft a condensed summary. Pay attention to the highlighted micro-themes: they should be connected and together make up a logical text. Then read what happened.

5. Compression of the text: shorten what is written.

The presentation should be at least 70 words. There is no limit on the maximum amount, but if the text is large, you will be deducted from the compression criterion. Therefore, re-read the text and think about how else you can shorten it. Then make final corrections and additions.

6. Work on the composition of the presentation: re-read the text a third time.

Your text should have three paragraphs. One micro theme - one paragraph. If there are fewer or more of them, you will be deducted points. Check the draft twice, take your time. If the text is read in one breath and without hesitation, then you have got a good presentation.

7. Correcting the content: correct mistakes and shortcomings, check spelling and punctuation.

Underline any words that you doubt the spelling. Take a spelling dictionary and check them. On the exam, a dictionary must be provided, and you have the right to use it.

8. Rewriting of a clean copy on a blank.

At this stage, we advise you to postpone your text and move on to the test or essay, and return to the first part at the end of the exam. So you will have time to take a break from the presentation and look at it more distantly. Allow at least one hour to rewrite the presentation and essay in a clean copy, as well as to check what has been written.

Evaluation criteria

For presentation, you can get a maximum of 7 points. To earn them, you must look at your work like an expert. To do this, check it according to the following criteria.

Microthemes. A topic is what the text says. And it usually unfolds through several small subtopics.

The micro theme is the main idea of ​​the paragraph, it reveals one problem. Your presentation should have three micro themes and, accordingly, three paragraphs.

Compression of text. Your presentation should not be verbose and detailed. To shorten it, use three compression methods:

1. Exception repetitions of words, homogeneous members, participial and adverbial expressions, introductory words.

“The stones of the Kremlin can sound. Each wall and dome has a special sound, and all together they merge into a heroic symphony, performed by a huge orchestra from the pipes of the golden domes of the Kremlin. " → "Each stone, wall, dome of the Kremlin has its own sound, which merges into a single heroic symphony."

2. Replacement words synonyms or other parts of speech. For example, several nouns can be replaced with one pronoun.

"Men and women, old people and teenagers came out to guard their hometown." → "All residents went to the protection of their hometown."

3. Merge several sentences into one.

“A vocation is a small sprout of talent that has turned into a strong, mighty tree on the fertile soil of hard work. Without diligence, without self-education, this small sprout can dry out on the vine. " → "A vocation is a little sprout of talent that can dry up without hard work."

• sequence of presentation;
• three micro themes in three paragraphs;
• keywords.

What can be excluded when compressing text:

• examples, proofs, details, lyrical digressions;
• generalizing words and sentences;
• homogeneous members;
• repetitions;
• direct speech - we transmit it indirectly;
• a lengthy description of nature, feelings and moods.

The first paragraph is most difficult to condense because it is better remembered and students write it down in detail. And the last paragraph is forgotten, so it is shortened well. Be sure to check the first paragraph of your presentation.

Splitting paragraphs. Each paragraph should have a complete thought.

How to prepare

The FIPI website has an open bank of tasks with audio recordings that will be on the exam. Open the materials and practice writing statements. Perhaps one of these texts will come across to you on the OGE.

For example, take this text. Listen carefully twice and write down the micro themes and keywords. Then check this table:

Write a summary and double check it. Check if it meets all the criteria:

• all three micro-themes were transferred;
• all three micro themes are condensed;
• the text is clearly divided into three paragraphs;
• no logical errors.

The more statements you write and check, the more comfortable you will feel on the exam.

To use the preview of presentations, create yourself an account ( account) Google and log into it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Criteria for assessing GIA in Russian language 2013 Gurkova Victoria Alekseevna, teacher of Russian language and literature

# Criteria for assessing the condensed presentation Points IK1 Content of the presentation The examinee accurately conveyed the main content of the listened text, reflecting all the micro themes that are important for his perception, listed in Table 1. 2 The examinee conveyed the main content of the listened text, but omitted or added 1 micro theme. 1 The examinee conveyed the main content of the heard text, but omitted or added more than 1 micro theme.

SG2 Compression of the original text The examinee applied 1 or more methods of compressing the text, using them throughout the entire text. 3 The examinee has applied 1 or more methods of text compression, using them to compress 2 microthemes of the text. 2 The examinee has applied 1 or more methods of text compression, using them to compress 1 micro theme of the text. 1 The examinee did not use text compression techniques. 0

IK3 Semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation: - there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken; - there are no violations of the paragraph division of the text in the work. 2 The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation, but 1 logical error was made, and / or there is 1 violation of the paragraph division of the text in the work. 1 In the work of the examinee, a communicative intention is visible, but more than 1 logical error has been made, and / or there are 2 cases of violation of the paragraph division of the text. 0 Maximum points for succinct presentation according to SG1 – SG3 criteria 7

No. Evaluation criteria for an essay-reasoning on a linguistic topic (C2) Points C1 K1 Availability of a reasonable answer to the question posed The examinee gave reasoning at the theoretical level. There are no factual errors related to understanding the thesis 2 The examinee gave reasoning at the theoretical level. 1 factual error was made related to understanding the thesis 1 The examinee gave reasoning at the theoretical level. 2 or more factual errors related to understanding the thesis were made. either the thesis is not proven, or reasoning is given outside the context of the assignment, or the thesis is proven at the everyday level 0

C1K2 The presence of example arguments The examinee gave 2 example arguments from the text, correctly indicating their role in the text 3 The examinee gave 2 example arguments from the text, but did not indicate their role in the text, or gave 2 example arguments from the text, indicating their role in the text of one of them, or gave 1 example-argument from the text, indicating its role in the text 2 The examinee gave 1 example-argument from the text, without indicating its role in the text 1 The examinee did not give a single example-argument illustrating the thesis, or the examinee gave examples not from the read text 0

C1 K3 Semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of the essay The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and the sequence of presentation: there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken in the work there is no violation of the paragraph division of the text 2 The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation, but 1 logical error was made and / or there is 1 violation of the paragraph division of the text in the work 1 In the work of the examinee, a communicative intention is observed, but more than 1 logical error was made and / or there are 2 cases of violation of the paragraph division of the text 0

С1К4 Compositional harmony The work is characterized by compositional harmony and completeness, there are no mistakes in the construction of the text 2 The work is characterized by compositional harmony and completeness, but 1 mistake was made in the construction of the text 1 2 or more mistakes in the construction of the text were made in the work 0 The maximum number of points for an essay according to the С1К1 criteria - S1K4 9

No. Criteria for assessing the literacy and actual accuracy of the examinee's speech ГК1 Compliance with spelling standards There are no spelling mistakes, or no more than 1 error was made 2 2-3 mistakes were made 1 4 or more mistakes were made 0 ГК2 Compliance with punctuation standards No punctuation errors, or no more than 2 mistakes were made 2 3-4 errors made 1 5 or more errors made 0

ГК3 Compliance with grammatical norms No grammatical mistakes, or 1 mistake was made 2 2 mistakes were made 1 3 or more mistakes were made 0 ГК4 Compliance with speech norms Speech errors no, or no more than 2 errors have been made 2 3-4 mistakes have been made 1 5 or more mistakes have been made 0

FC1 Actual accuracy of written speech There are no factual errors in the presentation of the material, as well as in the understanding and use of terms, no 2 1 error was made in the presentation of the material or the use of terms 1 2 or more errors were made in the presentation of the material or in the use of terms 0 Maximum number of points for the composition and presentation according to the criteria of FC1, GK1 - GK4 10

When assessing (ГК1 - ГК4) literacy, the volume of presentation and essay is taken into account. The standards indicated in Table 4 are used to check and evaluate the presentation and essay, the total volume of which is 140 or more words. If the total volume of the presentation and the essay is 70-139 words, then according to the criteria of GK1-GK4, no more than one point is given. If in the presentation and the essay as a whole there are less than 70 words, then such work according to the criteria of GK1-GK4 is estimated at zero points. If the student has completed only one type of creative work (presentation or essay), then the assessment according to the criteria GK1 - GK4 is carried out in accordance with the amount of work. The maximum number of points in which the examinee can receive for completing the entire examination work is 42 points

Conversion of points into the assessment 0 - 17 points - mark "2" 18 - 27 points - mark "3" 28 - 36 points (of which at least 4 points according to the criteria of ГК1-ГК4) - mark "4" 37 - 40 points (from they are not less than 4 points according to the criteria of GK1-GK4) - mark "5"

- a compressed presentation of the text, which is heard twice in the audio recording. You will have to not only "turn on" the memory, but also demonstrate the ability to process the information received, highlighting the most important and essential in it.

What is Concise Summary?

Concise summary - abbreviated text, without small details and secondary information. This is something like a well-written synopsis (very good, by the way, if you were taught to write the synopses correctly in literature, history or geography lessons).

Compressed text is considered to be shortened by 1/3. However, the requirements for the OGE are somewhat different. V demo versions of the OGE 2015 in the text for listening 152 words, and the required volume of presentation - from 70 words (this is slightly more than a third of the original text).

The optimal number of words in the presentation of the OGE is 70-90 (service words and interjections are also included in the count). Many expert teachers believe that a larger volume is no longer concise and mercilessly reduce points for work where there are too many words. So don't risk it - write 70 to 90 words, no more, no less.

How to write a concise summary in the OGE format?

It is necessary to write a presentation in accordance with the approved criteria, since it is by them that experts evaluate the work. Evaluation criteria for a concise summary can be found in the demo version on the FIPI website, and read about how and who checks the exam papers.

Let's deal with each criterion separately.

Criterion 1. Content.

You are required to state the main content of the listened text. Try not to miss anything, adding something "from yourself" is also not worth it. The expert looks to see if you managed to reflect the main micro-themes of the text - and gives an appropriate score.

What is a micro theme?

The sentences of the text are united by one common theme (recall, the theme is what the text says). A large topic, as a rule, is revealed through several small subtopics - micro topics. It is no coincidence that the text is usually divided by meaning into several parts - paragraphs. We can say that micro theme is the main idea of ​​the paragraph ... (Do not confuse the terms "paragraph" and "micro theme" - these are different concepts, and paragraph division is devoted to another criterion for assessing the presentation).

The expert's logic is as follows: if you have reflected in your work all the important micro-themes of the text, then the content of the text is transmitted correctly, which means that according to the first criterion, you can give the highest score.

Needed specific example? One of the articles on our website has such an example - by clicking on the link, you can.

To highlight the main information in the text, you need to understand it correctly. Try to understand what the text is talking about from the very first listening.

Criterion 2. Compression of the text.

When checking the presentation, experts count the number of words (words should be, as we have already said, at least 70). However, the main thing that is paid attention to when evaluating work according to the second criterion is the use of compression techniques.

What are text compression techniques?

Compression of the text will require processing of the information contained in it. This information is "filtered" - you leave the main thing and cut off the secondary.

The text is shortened according to the rules. One of them is the use of certain actions, which are called compression techniques (also called linguistic methods of text compression). If you are proficient in these techniques, it will not be difficult for you to present the content of the text in a concise and understandable form.

But remember: no matter how you “squeeze” the listened text, try not to “lose” the main information that it contains.

Basic text compression techniques:

1. Exception.

This technique is associated with the exclusion, "crossing out" of secondary information, and some schoolchildren consider it to be the easiest. Indeed, is it difficult to cross out some words or even sentences in the text?

However, not all so simple. In no case can you exclude the main information - you risk losing points. Only secondary information is cut off!

What can be excluded from the text in a condensed presentation?

We exclude repetitions. Example: Need to educate conscientiousness in children, need to educate children have the ability to be compassionate. – It is necessary to educate in children conscientiousness, the ability to compassion.

Synonyms can be excluded (one or more) . Example: Boy eyes sparkled, sparkled, sparkled... The boy's eyes shone.

We exclude clarifications, explanations: Sister lived nearby on nearby street... - My sister lived nearby.

Perhaps exclusion of parts of a proposal or even a few sentences, containing insignificant information. Here it is important not to confuse secondary information with the main one, essential for the disclosure of the topic.

2. Generalization.

Replacing homogeneous terms with a generalized word or a phrase. Example: We picked daisies, bells, cornflowers... - We picked flowers(different colors).

Summarizing information by replacing a piece of text synonymous (close in meaning) expression. Example: A person learns the correct behavior from the very age when the first steps are taken, the first habits are laid, the first words are pronounced. - A person learns the correct behavior since the early childhood.

3. Simplification.

This compression technique consists in structurally simplifying a piece of text. To do this, you can combine several sentences in one. Example: The years go by. The writer goes further and further into history, only his works do not age. - Years go by, but the writer's books do not age (in this example, along with simplification, an exception is also used).

Possible replacing a complex sentence with a simple one : Aircraft models, which have electric motors participate in sports. - Aircraft models, equipped with electric motors participate in sports.

Direct speech concisely better replace indirect ... This is another kind of simplification. Example: The driver said: « I'll take you to the train station in fifteen minutes". - The driver said, which will take us to the station in fifteen minutes.