What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

If you live away from a centralized plumbing system, then most likely the main source of water is a well or well. To raise water from the bowels of the earth, you need special equipment. In this case, the pump is an important link. It is necessary to approach his choice very seriously, because it may happen that you will not have enough water pressure in the tap or, in general, the pump will not be able to lift and deliver water to the required distance. To prevent this from happening, this article will highlight the question of how to choose a submersible pump. We will also compare models, among which there will be budget, mid-range and high prices.

Submersible pump falls below the water level. Most often, a pipe or hose is used to lift water. The water itself rises under the influence of the pump. Depending on the power of the pump, the water can be directed to 40 or even 80 m. The injected water is distributed through the pipeline, both external and internal.

Consider the features of choosing a pump for a well. When choosing it, important nuances must be taken into account:

Well depth and water level. The optimum depth for a specific pump model can be found in the data sheet. If you do not know the exact depth, then you can measure it yourself and you can do it in a primitive way. You lower a dry rope with a tied weight into the hole. This allows you to quickly determine the depth by looking at the wet part of the rope.
How much water is needed. Depending on the model chosen, the amount of water supplied can vary from 20 to 200 liters per minute. On average, one person per day needs up to 2 thousand liters of water. If there are 4 people in the family, then a pump with a speed of 30-50 liters per minute is needed. It is not necessary to carry out calculations end-to-end. Be sure to make a reserve of power. If the submersible pump pumps water for irrigation, then the power must be different. For irrigation or irrigation of land per day, an average of up to 2000 liters is required, as a result, a pump with a capacity of 40-50 l / min will be required.
Water mass and well debit. It is almost impossible to get an exact value. For this reason, you should try to get approximate data. To do this, note the time during which the well will be completely emptied and re-filled with water. The second value (filling time) must be divided by the first (emptying time). The result will represent the well debit.
Aggression. This value is very important for pump selection. So, to calculate it in meters, 30 is added to the depth. So, get the value of the column. This value can also be increased by 10%. Consider an example: the initial well depth is 50 m, the column height is 80 m, we add 10% which equals 88 m. Based on these calculations, we select the pump with a head of 90–95 m.
Borehole diameter. If the drilling was carried out by a specialized company, then this value should have been entered into the corresponding passport. If you did it yourself, then you can calculate it yourself. In most cases, all devices are 3-4 "in size. But it is best to stop at 4 ", but remember that 1" is 2.54 cm, which means 4 - 10.16 cm.
Price. Remember that buying one pump is not enough. You should purchase an automatic connection machine, stainless steel cable, etc. You should not rush to buy the cheapest or the most expensive. Pay attention to the technical specifications. Below we will compare several pump options in different price ranges.

Pumps are divided into two categories: submersible and surface. They also differ in the manual or automatic control method. Now we will determine which type of device is best suited for the well.

Designed for water level up to 150 meters. In the process of work, they are fully or partially located under water. Comparatively powerful devices. Such models of pumps have a protected case, due to which water ingress is completely excluded inside. Moreover, it provides fast and high-quality cooling of the motor.

This type of pump is subdivided into 3 types:

Vortex.
Screw.
Centrifugal.

If the well contains a lot of sand, then a vortex pump is ideal. With a low water supply, it is capable of creating high pressure. With all this, the performance of such a unit is low.

Screw models are used to raise water from a well with a small sand content. They can also be used in water bodies. As for the centrifugal, they are used to pump water from great depths and with a large sand content. Such devices are distinguished by high performance and reliability.

In this pump, the housing is significantly removed from the water. The maximum suction depth reaches up to 8 m, and the minimum up to several centimeters. If the well is deep, then a surface pump will not work.

Although surface and submersible pumps differ in their purpose and technical specifications, they are capable of pumping large volumes of water.

So the most important criteria selection of a pump for a well - head and productivity. To make a calculation of water consumption per person per day should be done with a margin. On average, it is up to 1 thousand liters. This value is multiplied by the number of people living in the house and you get an approximate figure.

If it is necessary to water the garden or vegetable garden, then usually 2 thousand liters per day is enough.

With regard to determining the pressure, then here you should perform several sequential steps. Add up the height of your house and the depth of the well. Then add 6 m and multiply the result by the coefficient of head loss in the pipeline, which is 1.15. If the house is removed from the well, then for every 10 m of the length of the horizontal pipeline, 1 m of pressure is lost. Therefore, to ensure maximum water consumption, a hydraulic accumulator is additionally used.

How efficiently and reliably the water supply system will work depends on the correct choice of the pump. Therefore, in most cases, it is worth entrusting the calculations to specialists. You will have to adhere to the specified parameters.

Before organizing the supply of water from a well, you need to obtain the following information:

Analysis of the suitability of water for drinking.
Well depth, the distance of water from the surface to the water level at the top and bottom marks.
The required water pressure in the pipeline. Usually 3 atm is sufficient. With this in mind, you should know the length of the pipeline, since the pressure drops with each meter.
Consumption with the simultaneous inclusion of all water sources.

Depending on the depth of the well, a submersible or surface type of pump is selected.

The water level is closer than 7 m... For such a depth, it is enough to use a surface station with a hydraulic accumulator, an automation system and a self-priming pump. The installation of such a pump is simple, so that a layman can handle it.

Water level from 8 to 15 m... In this case, a submersible pump is required. If the well is built on quicksand, then you should not use a vibration pump, since vibrations can provoke the movement of layers, which causes the bottom of the well to rise and the water level, accordingly, falls. As a result, it will be necessary to regularly clean the well. That's why ideal solution there will be a centrifugal or surface pump.

Level below 15 m... If the water lies at such a depth, then it is worth considering the arrangement of the well.

Based on this, you can choose the right pump for the well.

Selection of pumps from different price categories

We offer to compare different pump models, which can be broadly divided into 3 categories: budget, medium and high price... Please note that the prices shown may differ depending on the area where you live.

Submersible pump "Vortex SN-50"

The cost of a domestic unit fluctuates within 6 thousand based on the configuration and modification. Due to the outer diameter, which is 102 mm, the unit can be immersed in a Ø110 mm hole. Its body is made of of stainless steel... As for the main units, brass was used for their manufacture. Vortex SN-50 is capable of lifting water up to 50 m, while the productivity is 2.4 m 3 / h. An excellent option for providing country and household needs throughout all year round... And the presence of automation makes the operation process comfortable.

Unipump MiniEco Series

The device has a small size, as well as a low electricity consumption of up to 750 watts. The maximum water consumption is 3 m 3 / h. It can be used for boreholes up to 20 m deep. A special feature of the MiniEco Unipump is the floating impeller. It significantly increases the reliability of the pump in the case of pumping water with sand. The price of this unit is from 6 thousand rubles.

Grundfos SQE 5-70

For a relatively low price, from 6 thousand rubles. the reliable Grundfos SQE 5-70 pump is available. Power - 1.73 kW with water consumption up to 7.5 m 3 / h. The maximum head is 106 m. This unit is protected against the negative effects of power surges and dry running. This increases the service life.

If you live in the countryside, then this pump is a great option. Water supply reaches from 3.6 to 6.8 m 3 / h with a pressure of up to 115. The power of the unit is 1100 watts. The price of Jileks Vodomet ranges from 5 to 16 thousand rubles.

The material used to make it does not change chemical composition water. It does not create vibrations that negatively affect the casing, and the device itself is silent.

This pump model features a simple installation method. This unit is capable of lifting a liquid containing sand 150 g / m 3. The pump is equipped with a single-phase motor. It is capable of lifting water from a depth of up to 30 m. The water supply is 3.3 m 3 / h, and the head is 45 m. The power of the device is 1.73 kW. This type of pump can be purchased in the region of 8 thousand rubles.

This pump model is classified as expensive. You can buy it in the range of 30-50 thousand rubles. What is such an expensive unit capable of? Water supply up to 7.5 m 3 of water / h with a pressure of up to 155 meters. It can be operated in wells with a diameter of 76 mm or more. However, a clear disadvantage can be distinguished - high sensitivity to water. But durability, automatic protection against dry running, power surges and overheating and other positive qualities make GrundfosSQ indispensable for arranging a water supply system in the country.

Here are some pump models from different price categories. Each of them has special technical characteristics. Therefore, the choice should be made based on the needs of your family, as well as the features of the well or well arrangement.

So, we examined with you the subtleties of choosing a pump for water. As you can see, it is possible to choose water pumps, but for this it is important to have the necessary data, which were indicated in this article. If you have passed this stage, then share your experience in this area by leaving comments on this article.

Video

In this video, you can more accurately learn how to choose the right submersible pump:

The most important element of an autonomous water supply system from a well or well is a pump. Everything else: pipes, valves, a hydraulic accumulator, are just additions necessary for a stable supply of water to the house. Without a pump, the system is dead. That is why it is so important to choose the right device, because it should last for many years without repairs or replacement. In order not to be mistaken, you need to figure out what types of submersible pumps exist, how they differ and which model to choose for a particular hydraulic structure.

Why choose a submersible model

Submersible equipment is universal. The pumps can be used to pump water from any source - from wells to ponds. The main thing is to choose the right model and calculate the required power. The advantages of submersible pumps include:

The ability to lift water from great depths. Only submersible water lifting devices can work in artesian wells. 70-90 m is far from the limiting depth from which they pump water.
High efficiency. The devices provide a good head, consuming relatively little electricity.
Automatic adjustment. The devices are equipped with sensors and automation that regulate their operation when the load changes. The engine shuts down if there is a risk of overheating. After cooling down, the pump switches on again.
Long service life. Quality models from good manufacturers are able to serve for many years thanks to a robust housing and an overload protection system.
Compactness. Submersible models are usually small size, they are suitable for operation even in very narrow wells.
Ease of installation and maintenance. You don't have to be a specialist to install a pump in a well or well. This is a simple procedure. Virtually no maintenance is required.

Installation diagram of a submersible pump for a well

Types of submersible pumps for pumping water

The peculiarity of submersible pumps is that they constantly work in water. This places increased demands on the strength and tightness of the body, and the resistance of materials to corrosion. The devices are reliable, durable and functional.

Distinguish between rod and rodless devices. Rodless ones are used for water. They are powered through electrical cables, which are lowered along with the devices themselves. Depending on the principle of operation and device, they are divided into centrifugal and vibration.

There are versatile two-in-one models available that can handle both clean and dirty water

Vibration pumping equipment

The pumps are easy to operate and maintain. There are no moving and rotating parts in their design, which are most often broken. As a result, vibrating pumps are less likely to overheat and break down. They are used for arranging autonomous water supply systems, pumping water from flooded structures, for watering plants.

The principle of operation is based on the effect of a magnetic field on the core, which sets the rubber diaphragm in motion. It bends to create a reduced pressure so that water is sucked into the chamber. After that, the springs are triggered, which return the diaphragm to its original position, the valves close the inlet, and water flows to the outlet pipe.

The choice of vibration models is extensive

Centrifugal submersible models

The design of a centrifugal pump consists of a motor and a shaft with an impeller. Due to the rotation of the parts inside the housing, centrifugal force is created, which sucks in water and feeds it into the outlet. There are such types of submersible centrifugal pumps:

normally absorbing;
self-priming.

The first ones start working when the branch pipe through which water enters is filled with liquid, and the second ones - when air. Both can be single-stage and multi-stage. Their performance is about the same, multistage ones are able to create more water pressure in the pipes.

Centrifugal pump design diagram

Differences between well and borehole centrifugal pumps

For both wells and wells, submersible centrifugal pumps are used. But they differ from each other. So, water supply devices for wells are large. They are suitable only for those hydraulic structures in which large diameter casing structures are equipped.

Dimensional models are more productive. Moreover, their cost is the same as that of compact pumps, and sometimes even less. Such devices are usually equipped with level floats. It is very convenient for use in wells, because their production rate is usually much less than in wells.

In borehole pumps, the engine is cooled by the pumped liquid, therefore, the indicators of the speed of movement of the liquid are calculated, it is maintained in the devices. Well tools should be only slightly smaller than casing.

Centrifugal models of different diameters for wells and boreholes

What you need to know to choose the right pump

When buying a pump, take into account the following parameters:

Well bottom depth. If the well was drilled by specialists, and not the owner personally, then this information is indicated in the technical documentation for the hydraulic structure.
Water level. There are indicators of static and dynamic levels. Dynamic is the distance from the bottom of the well to the water surface, static is the distance from the earth's surface to the water surface. Both levels are measured during a period when water has not been pumped out of a hydraulic structure for some time.
Height of the water column. The calculation formula is simple: the figure of the static level indicator should be subtracted from the total well depth.
Casing diameter. There are no problems with calculating this parameter. Even if there is no relevant documentation, the pipe diameter can be measured independently.
Required pressure. Usually, 3 atm is enough for normal operation of the water supply system. When calculating, one should take into account the pressure loss when water is supplied through pipes, in valves and joints.

When arranging the water supply system, it is advisable to install a separate automatic machine and an outlet to power the pump. The mains voltage must be stable.

The best manufacturers of water lifting equipment

The variety of models is huge. Among foreign manufacturers, the brands Karcher, Grundfos, Awelco, Al-co, Calpeda, Pedrollo, Wilo have proven themselves well. Grundfos is an excellent piece of equipment manufactured by a Danish company. The pumps are durable and run smoothly. The advantage of this brand is its wide assortment.

Al-co stands for classic German quality, and Wilo stands for the latest in engineering. Italian submersible pumps Awelco please with high quality and affordable price. And Karcher products are out of competition. This brand is known all over the world for the impeccable quality of its products.

In the pumping equipment market, models from Chinese manufacturers are in demand. Their advantage is their low price. Usually, the purchase of a "Chinese" is associated with a certain risk, but there are manufacturers who produce really good models. Among these is the Eco company.

These pumps cannot compete in quality with well-known European brands, but they do the job quite well.

From domestic brands, we can recommend "Dzhileks". The company has been producing pumping equipment since 1993. Models good quality and are quite affordable. "Jileks" products are not inferior to foreign brands, and the company's management is constantly introducing new technologies and expanding production.

Whatever brand name you have not given a preference, carefully read the technical documentation for the models you like. Even the best pump will not ensure the stable operation of an autonomous water supply system if it is incorrectly selected. If you have any difficulties with choosing the right model, consult a specialist.

Video: choosing a submersible pump

In everyday life and industry, pumps are often used to pump liquids: milk on farms, water from a well, basement, sewage. Modern industry provides a fairly wide range of submersible pumps, which allows the consumer to choose the model that is most suitable for private needs.

Specifications and types

According to technical characteristics all submersible pumps for water can be combined into two groups: sucker rod (the engine is located separately), and rodless (the engine is built into the body of the device, submerged under water). They are also divided according to the type of functions performed:

circulating;
superficial;
submersible drainage;
submersible for wells (immersion depth up to 100 m);
submersible for wells (immersion depth - 3-4 m);
mobile submersible pumps (for camping).

Equipment for wells with water differs in diameter, water flow rate, maximum immersion depth, "tolerance" to solid impurities (pure water, or sand with a diameter of up to half a millimeter), lining material (plastic, metal, porcelain stoneware), the amount of energy consumed.

Most often, devices are purchased with a diameter of 90 mm or 125 mm (in accordance with the pipe diameter). On average, pumps of this type can pump from 6 to 15 thousand liters of water per hour of operation. Uninterrupted operation is guaranteed by the manufacturers for a period of one to two years, if the owner observes the operating standards (strictly vertical immersion, cleanliness and temperature of the liquid).

Submersible drainage pump reliably pumps out dirty water from basements, wells, swimming pools, and can also be used in industry. When choosing a device, pay attention to the dimensions of the openings at the suction part (determines the possibility of using in a dirty environment) and the location of this part of the device (better from the bottom than from the side). Household appliances are light in weight, small in size. Industrial appliances, due to the use of cast iron in the casing, are heavy in weight and installation.

When choosing submersible pumps for wells, you should pay attention to their casing and performance: the range of volumes of water that can be pumped out by the pump is much less than that of downhole counterparts (from 450 liters per hour).

For all types, not only the presence of solid fractions in water will be important, but also its temperature: it is desirable that it does not exceed 40 C.

Also, dry operation will become a problem for most devices..

The unambiguous advantages of all submersible pumps is the direct cooling of the engine with the liquid that it pumps.

Submersible pumps are used not only for pumping water from wells or boreholes. They can be used to transport any liquid under the required pressure.

The range of use of submersible devices is quite wide:

The power of the pump directly depends on the purpose: most can operate on a 220-380 V network, and small camping versions give 6-12 hours of uninterrupted operation from a cigarette lighter or power bank.

Submersible devices can be combined with other, more powerful ones to increase productivity. In particular, pumps manufactured by the Italian company Pedrollo can work this way. This option is suitable, for example, in a situation where it is difficult to connect a ground pump for pumping water (deep water layers), and the real needs of fluid consumption are high (city water supply).

The principle of operation of popular models

Coffee, kvass, beer from mobile outlets are served thanks to small pumps (electric pumps) of the type 12 Volt Comet Elegant from a well-known German manufacturer. This device is small in size (height - 10.4 cm, diameter - 3.8 cm), but it can pump up to 10 liters of liquid per minute. Due to its mobility, it is indispensable for hiking.

With its help, water can be easily removed from the boat, a field shower, or a washbasin can be created. The body of the device is plastic, which makes the total weight small, and the diameter of the supply hose is 1 cm. It can work with wells with a depth of 3 to 20 m, which is quite enough to ensure normal watering of a summer cottage.

Submersible borehole pumps for large volumes of fluid pumping(on average - 19-20 cubic meters per hour) significantly expensive ( average price quality foreign analogues, not produced in China, about 2 thousand dollars), but durable. They work from a regular network (220-380 W), they need an uninterrupted frequency of 50 Hz.

In addition to the device itself, there is always a long insulated cable, which simplifies the connection. The device is considered economical in terms of energy consumption, noise pollution is negligible. The cladding is usually made of an alloy of metals, or porcelain stoneware, in order to minimize the risks of failure due to mechanical damage or exposure to an aggressive environment. Equipped with water level control sensors to prevent dry operation.

The submersible drainage type water pump provides pumping of contaminated liquids. The maximum size of large particles is up to 12 cm. Unlike fecal devices, it does not process (does not grind) solid particles. Able to operate from a 220 W network. The temperature of the pumped liquid can reach 90 C, but for short periods of time (safe pumping - up to 3 minutes). Equipped with a float mechanism to control the liquid level, turn off the device, if "dry" operation has started.

There are also built-in sensors that turn off the device at the risk of overheating. Suitable for wells with a small diameter, basements polluted by sediments or drains, flooded pits. In addition to the cleaning function, they can supply water under sufficient pressure to the fountains.

When buying a device of this type, you should carefully consider the workloads in order to choose a pump with a suitable size of the working chamber and the size of the holes in the suction mesh.

Requirements for operation

For trouble-free operation of any pump, an uninterrupted operating frequency of 50Hz sinusoidal type is required. It is often not possible to provide it within the framework of the national power supply network. That's why it is better for the owners to take care of the presence of a current regulator in the house, or an uninterruptible power supply (possibility of continuous operation without current in the system, voltage regulation).

It is always recommended to use the services of the seller for the installation of the device: this measure minimizes the occurrence of malfunctions due to improper start of work, will allow the owner to understand the intricacies of the device without causing harm. As a rule, firms include the installation of equipment in the cost, which means that the installation will not bring extra expenses for itself.

One more important point- warranty agreement: it is worth reading it carefully before buying, since not only the term of the agreement is important, but also those types of breakdowns that the supplier eliminates at their own expense.

The owners of private houses located in the suburbs, as well as the owners of summer cottages and residents of rural areas, often have to independently solve the problem of providing themselves with the required amount of water, which is necessary both for domestic needs and for watering green spaces in their personal plot. The source of water supply in such cases can be a well or a well, and a surface or submersible pump is a device that will ensure not only pumping out water from such a source, but also its transportation through the pipeline system.

Arrangement of autonomous water supply systems, which are serviced by an electric pump, allows you to provide yourself with the required amount of water all year round, without experiencing the difficulties associated with its extraction from the well and delivery to a residential building or to the place of watering plants by hand... In addition, the operation of a device such as an electric pump for water can be easily organized in automatic mode, which will allow you to devote a minimum of time to monitoring the operation of such equipment.

Before proceeding with the arrangement of an autonomous water supply system for your country house or summer cottages, it is important to decide which type of pump to use for its equipment - surface or submersible. Many experts professionally dealing with autonomous water supply issues recommend in such cases to give preference to submersible hydraulic machines, since, when compared with surface machines, they have a number of advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are many features that make a submersible pump compare favorably with a surface pump.

Surface devices cannot pump water from an underground source that is more than 10 meters deep. In addition, if we take into account the distance to which the liquid medium pumped from the well must be transported along the horizontal section of the pipeline, then the depth from which the surface pump can lift water will be even less. This situation can be corrected if a pumping station equipped with a special reservoir (caisson) and additional technical devices is equipped in the immediate vicinity of an underground water source, but this will require financial costs. A submersible pump has no such drawbacks, which is successfully used to pump out water from underground sources, even of very considerable depth.
Unlike surface-type pumping equipment, which emits a fairly strong noise during operation, submersible pumps operate almost silently, since they are located in the thickness of the liquid medium they pumped.
Many models of submersible pumps are successfully used, without prejudice to their technical condition, not only for pumping clean water, but also for working with a liquid medium, which contains small particles of insoluble solid inclusions (sand, etc.).
Since the submersible pump during operation is constantly in the layer of the pumped liquid medium, the moving elements of its internal structure do not need additional cooling. The risk of overheating such a device when used in wells or wells with sufficient debit is minimal.
The use of submersible hydraulic machines makes it possible to better control the level of the liquid medium in the water supply source, using special float sensors for these purposes. Many modern models of such equipment are already equipped with similar sensors.
When using surface-type pumps, all connections made on the intake pipe must be absolutely tight. If this requirement is not met, the water intake pipe will suck in air, which will lead to a deterioration in the parameters of the created fluid flow. In the event that a submersible-type water pump is used, there is simply nowhere for air to appear in the pipe through which the pumped-out liquid medium is supplied to the surface.
If, using a submersible pump, water is pumped out not from a well, but from a well, which does not imply the use of a casing, it is much easier to remove such a device to the surface and store it, if necessary, than to dismantle surface-type equipment.

Thus, the submersible pump has a whole list of significant advantages, which explains the high popularity of such equipment among the owners. country houses and summer cottages.

However, like any other technical device, there are submersible pumps and disadvantages.

To connect the submersible pump to the power supply network, it is necessary to use a high-quality and, accordingly, quite expensive cable, the insulation of which should not become unusable from constant contact with a liquid medium.
It is somewhat more difficult to coordinate the operation of the elements of the equipment of a submersible pump that ensure its operation in automatic mode than when using surface pumping stations, in the designs of which control and monitoring elements are provided initially, at the stage of their design and installation.

Main types

Submersible pumps are divided into four main categories according to their design and principle of operation:

vibrating;
centrifugal;
vortex;
screw.

Let's consider each of the listed types in more detail.

Vibrating

Vibrating pumps are the cheapest submersible type devices. They differ in a fairly simple design, which consists of the following elements:

metal case in two parts of the same size, but different configurations, connected with screws;
a sealing element located between the body parts to seal their junction;
an electromechanical unit consisting of a coil inserted into its central part of a ferromagnetic core and a massive metal armature;
an elastic membrane connected to a piston located in the working chamber;
a rod through which the movement of the armature is transmitted to the diaphragm and piston.

Vibration pump "Trickle". Assembly diagram and vibrator device

The principle of operation of a vibrating submersible pump is as follows.

When alternating current passes through the windings of the coil, an alternating magnetic field is created in its core.
Under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, the pump armature is sometimes attracted to the coil core, then repelled from it, making vibrational reciprocating movements, transferring them to the rod, membrane and piston.
The piston, moving down the working chamber, creates a vacuum in it, which ensures the suction of a liquid medium into the chamber cavity.
When the piston moves upward, the pressure of the liquid in the working chamber increases, under the action of which the liquid is pushed into the pressure line. In this case, the inlet pipe is automatically closed by a special valve.

So, the construction of a vibration pump is quite simple. This explains the fact that it is so cheap.

What are the disadvantages of a water vibration pump?

Vibration waves, which the body of such a hydraulic machine creates in a liquid medium, contribute to the turbidity of the water and the gradual destruction of the unprotected walls of the well or well.
Vibratory pumps react very critically to the content of solids in the water they pump.
The vibration pump is so cheap also because it is not equipped with automation elements.
During operation, vibration pumps make a lot of noise.
Hydraulic machines of this category have a short service life, and therefore are inexpensive.
Vibrating submersible pumps have low performance.

It is advisable to use a cheap and not very efficient vibration pump for solving simple tasks. In particular, such a pump is optimal for a pool, as well as for organizing watering of a personal plot in the summer.

Screw

Despite the fact that today household screw-type pumps are produced, they have not found wide distribution among private users. Most often, such pumps are used to equip enterprises operating in various industries.

The basis of the design of screw pumps is the screw or, as it is also called, the Archimedes screw, which, being installed on the rotor shaft, rotates in the working chamber. This screw captures the pumped liquid medium entering through the inlet in the device body and moves it to the discharge pipe with its protruding turns.

The main advantages of using screw-type submersible pumps are:

the ability to create a water flow characterized by a high head value;
minimum level of noise and vibration;
ability to work with liquid media contaminated with sand and viscous technical fluids.

Naturally, screw pumps also have disadvantages.

At high rates of the created head of the flow of a liquid medium, such pumps are characterized by a rather low performance.
Hydraulic machines of this category have low efficiency.
A large number of friction units in the design of the pump leads to its active wear. Accordingly, the PCP is not the cheapest in terms of maintenance.

Centrifugal

A centrifugal pump for water is most often used to equip autonomous water supply systems for country houses and summer cottages. The main working bodies of this type of hydraulic machines is a wheel equipped with blades. When such a wheel rotates together with the pumped medium, a vacuum of air is created in the central part of the internal chamber of the device, which promotes the suction of liquid through the inlet pipe, and at the walls of the chamber - increased pressure, which ensures the pushing of water into the pressure line.

Submersible centrifugal pumps, some models of which can work with moderately contaminated media, are distinguished by high performance rates and the pressure of the pumped liquid medium generated by them, low noise and vibration levels during operation. Among the wide variety of models of centrifugal pumping equipment offered at modern market, you can choose both a cheaper, but less efficient pump, and more powerful and expensive devices equipped with several working chambers.

The main disadvantage of centrifugal submersible pumps is the complexity of the design, which explains their relatively high cost, and also complicates them Maintenance and repair.

Vortex

The design of vortex-type pumps is very similar to that of centrifugal equipment, but has some features. Such features, in particular, are the shape of the impeller, as well as the presence of special grooves on the walls of the working chamber. Due to such constructive nuances, the flow of the pumped liquid medium is formed not only under the action of centrifugal force, but also due to turbulent acceleration. Working on this principle, vortex pumps are able to form a flow of a liquid medium with higher parameters.

The advantages of vortex-type submersible pumps are:

simpler, when compared with centrifugal devices, design and, accordingly, lower cost;
almost complete absence of noise and vibration during operation;
the ability to work with liquid media that have a gas component.

The disadvantages of vortex pumps include the impossibility of using them for pumping even slightly contaminated liquid media, as well as not too high durability.

Criterias of choice

When choosing a submersible pump for equipping a well or well, a number of factors should be taken into account:

tasks for the solution of which it is planned to use the selected pump;
the total demand for water that the pump will have to provide;
the required value of the head of the pumped liquid medium;
the depth of the underground source, the thickness of the water layer in it, its debit, as well as the level at which the water is located in such a source;
the remoteness of the well or well from the structure to which it will be necessary to transport water;
the quality of the water to be pumped out from the underground source.

Life in the country always involves the use of pumps. If you need to deliver water from a well or a well to a house, if you need to water a garden, pump out water from a pool, a flooded basement or take water from an open lake, a pump comes in handy everywhere. Depending on the conditions, either surface or submersible pumps are used. This article focuses on the latter category. The submersible water pump is used to supply clean water without impurities from deep wells and wells, as well as to pump out dirty water or sewage. Such pumps are operated submerged in water, capable of supplying water to great height and differ in design depending on the tasks for which they are intended. For a summer cottage, several types of submersible pumps are useful at once. Therefore, in order not to be mistaken with the choice, we will dwell in more detail on the specifics of each type of pump and the area in which it can be applied and why.

Types of submersible pumps

Submersible pumps are divided into different categories and types according to different parameters.

Conventionally, all submersible pumps can be divided into two categories: clean water pumps(without impurities) and dirty water pumps... They differ structurally. Pumps designed for pumping clean water are not able to pass debris and dirt larger than 10 mm. In addition, the parts of the pump itself wear out quickly and fail under the destructive influence of sand and other debris. Pumps designed for pumping dirty water or even sewage can also be divided into two types: with a grinder and without a grinder. A conventional drainage pump, for example, freely passes sand, silt and other small debris. But the fecal pump for sewage is equipped with a special grinder that recycles waste.

Also, household water pumps submersible according to the principle of operation are vibrating, centrifugal, vortex and screw.

By designation, submersible pumps are divided into:

Well pumps;
Well pumps;
Drainage pumps;
Fecal pumps;
Pumps for aquariums, mini fountains and other small objects.

When we are looking for a suitable pump, we know for what purpose we need it and what we want from it. Therefore, let's take a closer look at what each type of submersible pump is.

Submersible water pumps for wells

The supply of water from the well can be carried out both by a surface pump and by a submersible pump. If the well has a great depth, then submersible pumps are used. They have an elongated cylinder of small diameter, which allows the pump to be lowered into a well with a diameter of 90 to 250 mm. Well pumps have different characteristics: immersion depth, head, power, productivity, etc.

Borehole pumps are also called deep pumps, as they work at great depths - up to 50 m.Such units are used to provide water supply in the country, supply water to a house, a bathhouse or for irrigation garden plot, beds, filling the pool, capacity and other needs.

Usually borehole pumps are centrifugal units. The water intake is located at the bottom. The impeller, disks with blades curved against the movement of the impeller, and an engine connected to the impeller by means of a shaft are located inside the housing. Water is sucked into the pump by centrifugal force, which occurs as a result of the rotation of the impeller. In the middle, a reduced pressure is formed, and at the periphery (closer to the walls of the discs) - an increased one. Under the influence of the pressure difference, the water is pumped from the outside to the center, and then up to the outlet leading to the pipeline.

It is imperative to operate a centrifugal submersible pump immersed in water, this is its thermal protection in case of voltage drops, "dry running" and other emergency... If this is not checked, the engine may overheat. Therefore, submersible pumps are equipped with floats that signal that the water level has dropped to a critical level.

In the assortment of submersible pumps for wells, there are models of pumps with floating impellers, which allows pumping dirty water with a sand content of up to 180 g / m3. There are also models in which the motor housing and the entire hydraulics are made of stainless steel. These pumps are not afraid of sand, are resistant to the negative effects of abrasive particles and have excellent performance characteristics.

The most reliable submersible pumps for wells are considered to be units from such manufacturers: Wilo(Germany), Grundfos(Denmark), Pedrollo(Italy), ZDS(Italy). Cheaper pumps offer Aquario(Italy), Sprut(China), Aquatica(China). Sufficient quality durable models can provide Aquarius(Ukraine), Water cannon(Russia) and Dnipro-M(Ukraine).

For example, submersible centrifugal pump PEDROLLO 4SR1m / 13 can be installed in a well with a diameter of more than 100 mm, it must be immersed in water at least 0.5 m. The unit is capable of pumping water to a height of 77 m, has a capacity of 1800 l / h and costs 270 - 300 USD. The body and hydraulics are completely stainless steel.

But the pumps of the Ukrainian company Vodoley have high performance, but differ in discharge height. For example, the model Aquarius BTsPE-0.5-16U is capable of pumping water to only 27 m, but with a volume of 3600 l / h, the minimum well diameter is 110 mm, it costs 140 USD. And here is the submersible pump model Aquarius BTsPE-1,2-50U pumps water to 70 m with a volume of 9400 l / h and costs 250 USD. At the moment, there are no complaints about the quality of Aquarius products.

for giving is used when it is necessary to create a large head with a small supply of liquid. The impeller in the vortex pump is equipped with blades in a radial and oblique position. The impeller rotates in a cylindrical casing, where there is a small gap between it and the casing walls. Water is sucked into the channel and discharged through it to the outlet. Compared to centrifugal vortex pumps, they create a pressure 3 to 7 times higher, although the dimensions and speed of rotation of the wheel are the same. The design of such a pump is simpler and cheaper, but it cannot pump liquids with abrasive substances, for example, sand - it quickly fails. For example pump Euroaqua 4SKm 100 will cost only $ 100, its maximum head is 52 m, the productivity is 50 l / min, but it can only be used for pumping clean water.

They are used when the pumped water contains a large amount of impurities, large abrasive particles. For example, a Chinese pump Sprut 4S QGD 1.2-50-0.37 can be installed in a well over 100 mm, it pumps water to a height of 93 m with a volume of 33 l / min and costs only $ 100. The screw in this pump is made of stainless steel, the body, pump shaft and motor shaft are also made, and the mechanical seal is made of graphite-ceramic. But don't think that all Chinese pumps are so cheap. Submersible pump Sprut QGDa 1.5-120-1.1 has a capacity of 30 l / min, but is capable of pumping water to a height of 170 m, therefore it costs 270 - 300 USD.

When choosing a submersible pump for a well, it is necessary to take into account that the diameter of the pump must be 10 - 12 mm less than the diameter of the casing, otherwise the pump may jam.

Water is supplied for water supply to the dacha from the well using a submersible pump in cases where the water is deep and the surface pump is simply not able to pump it out, or the well itself is at a great distance from the house.

Submersible pumps for a well must be in the water at a depth of at least 1 m. Do not operate such a pump when the water level falls, as the unit may overheat. The fact is that the engine is cooled by the pumped water and by the fact that the pump body is constantly in the water.

For water supply from a well, you can use the same pumps as for wells (centrifugal, vortex and screw), as well as vibration pumps.

radically different from centrifugal ones, they do not have rotating parts, blades and other elements that need to be lubricated and that can overheat from friction. Inside the body of the vibration pump there is a wound core (vibrator), which creates an electromagnetic field. As soon as an electromagnetic field is formed, it attracts the piston rod to itself. When this field disappears, the piston rod returns to its original position. In fact, these movements are vibrations, which is why the name of the pumps is vibrational. There are 100 such movements of the piston and rod in 1 second. Under the influence of the pressure difference, water is sucked into the suction chamber, and then moves into the discharge chamber and then to the pipeline.

Striking examples of vibration pumps are units " Baby», « Brook», « Aquarius», « Summer resident" other. They are very cheap - up to $ 40. and are sufficiently durable and reliable. The only drawback of vibrating submersible pumps is that, under the influence of vibrations, sand, silt and other debris rise from the bottom of the well and are sucked into the pump. Therefore, they must be positioned so that at least 1 m of water remains from the inlet to the bottom of the well.

A household submersible water pump can be installed in a well in two ways: the first is to hang it on a galvanized steel cable at a certain height (for this, there are special ears on the pump body), the second is to fix it permanently at a certain height by making a frame for this, like a bracket. The second method is dangerous in that if the pump breaks down, it will not be possible to get it out of the well without draining it. An additional drainage pump can be used to drain the well.

Also, submersible pumps for wells are supplied with a float that signals a critical water level.

The following companies produce pumps for wells: WILO(TW5 / TW5-SE series), LOWARA(Scuba series), CALPEDA(MXS series), OFT(Italy, Trend series), NOCCHI(Pratika series), "GILEX"(series "Water cannon"), EBARA(Idrogo series) and KERSELF(Italy, Omega 12 series).

Drainage pumps are used to pump out dirty water from various objects: flooded rooms, basements, trenches, pits, standing wells. They are also suitable for draining a pool, large barrel or container. It is also possible to pump water from an open water source (kopanka, lake, river, reservoir). Thus, you can water your vegetable garden or garden by lowering the drainage device into the nearest body of water or digging.

The main difference between drainage pumps and conventional submersible pumps is that the category of drainage pumps is designed to pump dirty liquid, which may contain sand, silt, long-fiber inclusions and other debris. For this, the casing and the hydraulic part of such a pump are made of durable, deformation-resistant materials.

In order to choose the right drain pump, it is necessary to analyze what specific needs it will be useful for and what is the degree of pollution of the water that they will have to pump out.

Multi-channel impeller pump is considered the most "delicate" and can pump water with inclusions no more than 10 mm in size. Such a pump can pump dirtier water for a very short time - it quickly fails. Such a pump can be used to pump rainwater from a container or flooded room, to drain a pool, water a garden from an open source.
Single-channel impeller pump capable of pumping dirtier water with mechanical impurities, sometimes even with fecal matter.
Open impeller pump capable of pumping water with mechanical impurities larger than 50 - 70 mm. It can be fallen leaves, sand, silt, household waste. With such a pump, you can safely pump out water from a trench and a foundation pit, where there is a huge amount of clay inclusions in the water.

All submersible drainage pumps can be used both submerged and dry. For example, to completely remove water from a flooded room, the pump is placed on the floor and runs until the floor is completely dry. To protect against dry running, these pumps have a special thermal protection.

Drainage pumps differ in performance, head (delivery head) and the size of particles that can pass through them. It also matters what material the pump body and parts are made of, if it has to be operated in a rather aggressive environment. Pay attention to the limitation of the temperature of the pumped water.

Popular drainage pump manufacturers: AL-KO(SUB, Drain, Twin, SPV series (stainless steel body)), Aquatica, Grundfos, PEDROLLO, Dnipro-M, Metabo, ULTROPump, ZENIT, SPRUT other. The cheapest models can be found among the products of Dnipro-M and Aquatica - 40 - 50 USD. Prices for PEDROLLO submersible drainage pumps start from 225 - 250 USD, although experts say that these units are reliable and durable unlike Chinese products.

Fecal pumps are used for pumping or pumping waste and sewage water with a large inclusion of mechanical particles. Most often, they are installed in a collection well or a sewage pumping station, where they grind garbage and pump wastewater into a septic tank, which is an autonomous sewage system in the country.

The main difference between a submersible fecal pump and a drainage pump is availability of a chopper, which is able to "grind" not only long-fiber fecal inclusions, but also towels, gloves, hygiene products, contraceptives and more. The grinder and the casing of the fecal pump are made of metals such as stainless steel or cast iron, as they must be resistant to aggressive influences Wastewater... The size of foreign inclusions practically does not matter, the main thing is that they are not stones and other solid objects.

A fecal submersible pump in the country is an irreplaceable thing if an autonomous sewage system is equipped. Such a pump is lowered directly into a collecting sump and operates submerged. The pump is suspended on a galvanized steel cable and supplied with floats, signaling that it is necessary to pump out the waste water or stop working.

Important! Submersible fecal pumps can pump not only dirty sewage with garbage, but also clean water from a tank, pool, lake or barrel. There is a certain universality in this. The main thing is that it is clean before using it in clean water.

The following companies produce fecal pumps: Aquatica, Grundfos, PEDROLLO, SPRUT, Dnipro-M, ZENIT and DOLPHIN... The most expensive and reliable models are considered Pedrollo ZXm 1A / 40, PEDROLLO MCM 10/50 and Wilo... The cheapest fecal pumps are produced by Dnipro-M (Ukraine) - 60 - 70 USD, and the most expensive HOMA and PEDROLLO- from 350 to 1000 USD

12 volt submersible water pumps

A separate category is small submersible pumps that can be powered from the batteries of a car, yacht or boat, as well as from a solar-powered power plant.

A 12 Volt submersible water pump requires a low voltage of 12 V and does not have great performance, but this is not required of him. Such pumps are used as a yacht pump - to pump water out of a boat, boat or flooded object. And also in aquariums and decorative fountains... Some models are equipped with a dirt filter, which allows you to pump water, which contains a small amount of foreign matter.

For example, a submersible pump for water Propump 2000GPH has a high capacity of 7570 l / h, but a small head - only 3 m, the body is made of durable thermoplastic, the motor and pump shafts are made of stainless steel, the mud filter can be easily removed and cleaned. Such a pump will cost only 70 - 80 USD.

Submersible pump Kerry m1280-10(China) supplies water at 10 m, has a capacity of 45 l / min and requires a direct current of 12 V. The model is designed to operate on solar panels.

At the moment, 12 Volt submersible pumps are quite rare on our market, they are mainly imported from China on order.

How to choose a submersible water pump for a summer residence

As an example, consider how to choose a submersible pump for a well, since such pumps are not taken "for growth", they must exactly correspond to the operating conditions in which they will have to work.

First - well debit... The pump capacity should not exceed the flow rate of the well. In addition, the pump must not be allowed to run "dry", otherwise sludge will get inside.

Second - power supply... It is necessary to provide 220 V power from the RCD panel. The best option if the pump electrical cable is long enough to reach the shield.

Third - casing diameter... The pump diameter should be 10 - 12 mm less than the inner diameter of the casing.

Fourth - well water level must cover the pump completely.

Fifth - well depth, static and dynamic level. Static level - the level of settled water when pumping is not in progress. Dynamic level- the water level when pumping occurs.

So, an example of the calculation and selection of a submersible pump for a well.

Well parameters:

Depth - 40 m.
Casing pipe diameter (internal) - 120 mm.
Debit - 3 m3 / hour.
Static (mirror) water level - 18 m, dynamic level - 25 m.
The remoteness of the object (well) from the house is 10 m.

Determine the pump head:

We add up all the vertical sections of the pipeline (not only the well pipeline, but also the height difference to consumers in the house or the location of the accumulator). Assuming that 1 m of the pump head is equal to 1 m of the vertical pipeline.
We add up all the horizontal sections of the pipeline. 1 m pump head = 5 - 10 m horizontal pipeline. In the calculations, we will assume that 1 m head = 5 m pipe.
A head reserve of 30 m is required for the operation of the accumulator.
We install the pump at a static level of 10 m, i.e. at a depth of 28 m.

We consider: 30 + 10/5 + 28 = 60 m.

So, pump head must be at least 60 m.

Determine the pump performance:

Let's summarize the water consumption of all consumers in the house, which can be operated at the same time. We take the data from the table. Let's say a washing machine, a washbasin and a bathtub will be used at the same time. 0.7 + 0.4 + 1.1 = 2.2 m3 / hour.

Output: we need a pump with a head (delivery head) of more than 60 m, a capacity of more than 2.2 m3 / h (but less than 3 m3 / h), a body diameter of less than 110 mm.

The following submersible pumps are suitable for us: DOLPHIN 4 SKm150 with a capacity of 2400 m3 / hour, a head of 99 m, a diameter of 102 mm and a cost of 130 - 140 USD. and pump PEDROLLO 4SR1.5m / 14 with a capacity of 2700 m3 / hour, a pressure of 106 m, a diameter of 100 mm and a cost of 430 - 450 USD.

Which one to choose depends on the financial capabilities of the owner and personal preferences. Pumps of the Italian company PEDROLLO have proven themselves very well and so far have no serious complaints.

Submersible water pumps for other needs - for a well, a drainage pump and a fecal pump are easier to choose, since there are no restrictions on performance and there is no risk of ruining the well. The power of the drainage and fecal pump is selected so that it can cope with the task at hand, it will be watering the beds, pumping out the basement or sewer.