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How to make a gable garage roof with your own hands? First, you should choose the roof structure that is most suitable, calculate how much its weight will be on the load-bearing walls.
A do-it-yourself gable roof (photo below) even on a garage should be installed according to all the rules, taking into account the roofing material and some other subtleties.You can find out further how to make a gable roof of a garage with your own hands. Here are the details
Why gable
Before how to make a gable garage roof with your own hands, it is not superfluous to figure out why it is so good. Although pitched roof easy to install, it does not require a lot of material to build, car owners are increasingly installing a gable roof. Why is this happening?
The gable roof has a significant drawback, which affects the state of the iron horse itself. It does not withstand sudden temperature changes. After just a few seasons, the vapor barrier is disrupted, as a result of which condensation accumulates inside the garage.
Unlike a gable roof, a do-it-yourself gable roof (video attached) has the following advantages:
- it is moisture resistant;
- snow and other precipitation do not accumulate on the roof;
- evenly warmed up by the sun;
- thanks to the installation of additional ceilings, it is protected from roof leaks;
- during installation, an attic space is formed, convenient for storing tools and other things;
- improved natural ventilation is provided due to the increased length of the hood;
- easy to monitor the condition of the roof;
- you can choose any roofing materials;
- the roof looks beautiful and aesthetically pleasing.
To install a gable garage roof with your own hands, you do not need to use special equipment. It is enough to make simple calculations and comply with all stages of construction.
Determination of the angle of inclination
Before composing construction estimate consumption of materials, you should decide on the level of inclination of the future roof. This is important because in different regions Russia has different climatic conditions.
Depending on the level of precipitation, the height of the snow cover, the operational capabilities of the material itself, the angle of inclination gable roof in difficult climatic conditions should be:
- not less than 45 degrees,
- in conditions when a strong wind constantly blows - 12 degrees,
- v middle lane Russia - 20 degrees.
The slope of the roofing surface is also more important. The smaller it is, the more likely it is that the wind will tear off the roof. The greater the angle of inclination, the greater the load on it. In addition, when the slope of the roof is critical, water can flow into the roof structure. Each roofing material has its own angle of inclination, which must be taken into account when installing the roof.
Installing Mauerlat
Installing a garage roof includes the following steps:
- installation of a Mauerlat;
- installation of a rafter system;
- fastening the lathing;
- installation of roofing.
One of the most important steps is the installation of the Mauerlat. The strength and reliability of the entire roof structure depends on its strength. Mauerlat is not installed only if the garage is built from wood material... The role of the base for the rafters in this case is performed by the upper crown. At the end of the installation, it is strengthened as much as possible.
Mauerlat is a base for rafters. It can be made of beams or metal pipes. It is advisable to choose a pine log without knots, well dried. Failure to comply with the quality conditions of the material in the future may cause cracks in the Mauerlat, as a result of which the entire roof structure will be skewed. A wooden beam is installed on waterproofing. It is lined along the entire perimeter of the upper row of bricks or, if the garage is made of wood, along the upper rim.
Mauerlat is attached to anchor bolts, which are pre-assembled into the walls. Holes are drilled in the bars with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the anchors. Bars are put on the anchor, after which the rubber washer is tightened with a water nut. The stage of fastening the rafter system is no less important. To know how to properly make a gable roof with your own hands, you need this process put on the shelves.
Installing the rafter system
How to make a gable garage roof with your own hands? The installation of the rafter system should be taken with all responsibility.
At the first stage of the construction of the rafter system, the question is decided whether there will be an ordinary attic or attic floor... For the attic, pre-strengthen rafter system... To do this, use racks that are attached to the Mauerlat to give the entire structure rigidity. The racks should be placed strictly vertically. Small bars (racks) are attached to the Mauerlat or the upper crown using metal brackets or by the "thorn-groove" method. Moreover, the distance between them should not exceed 90 cm.
If an attic is supposed to be under the roof, rafters are immediately installed on the Mauerlat. To do this, with a step of 120 cm, cut the base into which the rafter leg is attached using the selected method. The method of attaching the rafters can be different. The rafters are usually placed so that their lower edge hangs over the structure by half a meter. But in some cases, the rafters are attached to the Mauerlat with their lower edges. In order to arrange the overhang of the roof, padding is applied to the rafters of additional boards (fillies).
Some craftsmen believe that fastening rafters with a "filly" is the best way... If the roof slope begins to rot, it is easy to detach the damaged bars and replace them with new ones. If the overhang of the roof is represented by rafters, you will have to disassemble the entire roof.To completely make a gable roof of the garage with your own hands at the stage of construction of the rafter system, you should pay attention to the ridge detail. Long rafters along the upper edge are cut off, and a rail is stuffed along the top.
But if the rafters are too short (less than 8m), a wide capital beam should be filled on the ridge part. It performs the function of additional strengthening and fixing of the rafters. A waterproofing film is laid on the finished rafters. On top of it, slats are nailed under the main crate. Fastening them is mandatory. This ensures free ventilation between the roof structure and the roofing material. Better order roofing in a competent specialized company.
Installation of the lathing
At the stage of installing the lathing? In this case, you first need to decide what kind of roofing will be installed.
Depending on the type of roof, a thinned or solid crate... The first option is installed for solid figured roofing (for metal tiles, slate); the second option is under a soft roof (roofing felt, bituminous shingles). If it is decided to install metal or slate as a roof, the distance between the sheathing boards depends on the step of the material profile. The average distance is about 50 cm, between the first two slats - no more than 25 cm.
The places where the protruding elements of the roof, valley are located, require the installation of a solid lathing with a maximum gap of 1 cm. A continuous lathing is made under the soft roof; however, it should be without gaps. To ensure the evenness of the roofing, wide boards are stuffed one to the other as lathing, or sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are used. When planning to purchase material for making the lathing, you should know that the best is pine or spruce wood. This material is resilient and provides maximum stability of the roof covering. At the same time, pine and spruce are quite durable building materials. Wooden beams must be well dried, free of knots and other defects. For the lathing, it is better to take wood of the first grade.
Installation of roofing
If necessary, experienced specialists will help you to make a gable roof of a garage with your own hands. To do this, it is enough to apply for the appropriate construction advice in a specialized company. The final stage in the construction of a gable roof of the garage is the installation of a roof covering. The most popular materials in private construction are slate, metal, soft roofing. Consider all three methods of roofing.
The installation of the roof with slate begins from any lower edge. In this case, it is worth considering the wind rose, and overlapping on the leeward side. A feature of the work is that the material should be attached to the crate by overlapping no more than two sheets. First, the slate sheets are installed along the lower overhang of the roof. In this case, one or two waves should be overlapped. The width of the overlap depends on the angle of inclination of the roof. The larger it is, the greater the overlap.
When laying subsequent rows, the top row of material should be laid on top of the lower one with an overlap of 20 cm. top rows The ridge slate should be reinforced with a metal strip. The peculiarity of installing a roof made of metal is that the profile bending should be taken into account. Sheets of metal tiles are installed so that a free edge is obtained that goes into the middle of the drainage gutter. The first sheet is attached to cornice board; horizontality is verified by level. Next to the overlap, a second sheet is fixed horizontally; both sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws. After that, the top sheets are laid out. When the first two rows are installed, the remaining sheets are installed taking into account the overlap.
Vertically, along the edges of the roof, the sheets are attached on one side to the end plate, which ensures the reliability of fixing the roofing. When all the rows are laid, a wind bar is installed on the ridge. It insulates the entire roof structure from moisture ingress. It should also be taken into account that the sheet roofing material is installed on a counter-lattice with a vapor barrier. This ensures maximum protection of rafters and other floors from condensation.
Roofing installation - soft roof- only possible if the roof slope is 12 - 90 degrees. Most often, the roof of the garage is covered with roofing material. The strips of roofing material are laid out perpendicular to the edges of the roof, pulled and overlapped. Fastened with roofing nails. The difficulty is lining roofing material along the lower edge of the roof slopes, as well as at the final stage when laying the last sheet of material. It must be wrapped around the edge of the roof.
In theory, installing a soft roof seems to be a simple matter. In fact, laying the same roofing material on your own is a very difficult task. In order for the roof to be correctly laid and have an aesthetic appearance, it is better to use construction services professionals. If the attic of the garage is supposed to be made habitable, it is not superfluous to carry out the insulation of the roof from the inside. First of all, a layer of waterproofing is laid.
For insulation, the best solution is to choose mineral wool. For insulation use roll option... Layers of cotton wool are laid between the rafters, fixed with special dowels-umbrellas. Next, a layer of vapor barrier is laid. appearance a habitable garage, from above it is recommended to fill sheets of plywood on the crate or sew up the space with plasterboard, PVC sheets. If desired, after processing with special compounds from the effects of moisture, the resulting ceiling can be painted or whitewashed.
Now you know how to properly make a gable garage roof with your own hands. The attached video will help you even better understand this issue.
One of the important stages in the construction of a garage - the construction of a roof, often raises a lot of questions. What to choose: attic or flat roof, red corrugated board or cheap slate, to make a "warm" floor or insulate the slopes themselves? And below you will learn how to make a roof for a garage with your own hands, using examples of options for a gable and a pitched roof.
First of all, you have to find out what kind of garage do you need at all: a heated or cold box, which can only hide the car from snow and rain?
Now decide on the type of roof itself:
- flat - it implies pouring a concrete floor or installing its factory slabs (usually hollow-core), using a crane for their laying;
- single-slope - the easiest option for those who plan to make a roof for the garage with their own hands;
- gable - a more complex and time-consuming roof option that requires certain building skills and a large consumption of materials.
Alternatively, consider a device above the second floor garage. Depending on the roof used, it is worth deciding on the option of its insulation:
- flat is insulated along the top of the slab;
- single-slope is usually insulated by laying heat between the rafters insulating material;
- the gable is insulated either as a gable, or by placing the insulation over the garage in the horizontal overlap.
Select the suitable roofing material for your roof type.
All these actions should be performed even at the design stage, since its weight and the load that the roof will exert on the foundation depends on the chosen structure (this will affect the size of the foundation structure and its appearance: columnar, strip or base plate around the entire perimeter of the garage).
Do-it-yourself flat roof for the garage
It is recommended to carry out such a roof with the assistance of specialists. This is because you cannot lay finished floor slabs without a team of crane operators. In addition, pouring the concrete floor manually, you will need a large volume of ready-made concrete (which will allow you to do this procedure at one time), reinforcing cages, formwork and assistants.
When filling with a monolithic concrete slab in the garage, it is usually made horizontal, and the slope is created later by laying insulation (for example, expanded clay).
If hollow-core floor slabs are installed, then the slope can be created during installation (by making the front wall higher than the rest: the height differences should form a slope of at least 2 cm per 1 m of the slab length).
Do-it-yourself shed roof for the garage
The most affordable and simple option for beginners planning to make a garage roof with their own hands is a pitched roof. Moreover, wooden or metal tanks can be used as load-bearing structures.
- The supporting structures (rafters) are laid along the garage (it is important that the front wall is higher than the rest, which allows you to make the slope necessary for the roofing material) and rest on the Mauerlat (timber with a cross section of at least 10x10 cm). It is worth laying a waterproofing layer under the Mauerlat (pieces of roofing material are perfect).
- With the help of a construction stippler, a wind and moisture protection membrane is fixed on the top of the rafters.
- Further along the rafters, a wooden counter-lathing is attached, on which the lathing is fixed (with a certain step or solid, depending on the roofing material).
- The roofing material is laid in accordance with the technology of such a process developed by the manufacturer.
- Roof insulation. It is carried out depending on the option chosen (in the overlap plane or between the rafters). The insulation from the inside should be protected with a layer of vapor barrier.
Do-it-yourself gable roof for a garage
To equip a gable roof, you will need a device of a more complex version of the supporting structure. Moreover, if the roofing material needs a significant slope (a large amount of snow is retained on the roof or under strong wind may fall under it rainwater), then it is better to make not an attic, but an attic (inside it there will be an exploited room).
How to repair a soft roof?
To complete the entire complex renovation works soft roof structures will need the following set of tools:
- roofing material;
- broom;
- tin bucket;
- bituminous mastic;
- burner and gas cylinder;
- construction hair dryer;
- axe.
Before proceeding with the repair, it is recommended to take into account the nature of the roof. In many cases, garages are built in one row. However, if you decide to do complete renovation, then you need to contact your neighbors and warn them about it. Otherwise, hardly anyone will be happy that part of its roof was destroyed.
Attention! Repairing a solid roof is only necessary in warm and dry weather.
Identification of problem areas
Remove all leaves and other dirt from the roof surface. After that, once again carefully inspect the roof and decide what should be its repair - partial or complete. If the roof is more than 10 years old, then most likely swellings, cracks, and seams have formed on it. Having identified the problem area, do not rush to shoot everything. It is enough to cut it crosswise and press firmly. If there are cracks, then cut through these places with an ax, and then clean them of debris and dust. To do this, use a gas burner and hairdryer.
Covering the roof of the garage with roofing felt
One of the easiest ways to repair a roof is to cover it with roofing felt. The main advantage of this material is its low cost. In addition, it is an excellent waterproofing material that protects the garage roof from leaks.
Previously made holes can be covered with roofing material. For partial repairs, it should be cut into small pieces. Attach such a segment to the hole and press firmly. A layer of resin or mastic is applied on top of it. After that, the bent roofing material can be pressed again and covered with mastic.
Attention! The cut piece of roofing material must be 20 cm larger than the damaged area. Thus, you will provide high-quality waterproofing. Then you can simply leave everything as it is and spread a new layer of roofing material over the entire surface of the roof.How roofing material is laid on the roof of a garage
If you have planned to overlap the roof with a new layer of roofing material, then it should be spread on the surface and wait a day. To complete the work, you will need resin (to combine the old roofing material with the new one). It will also protect all joints from possible leakage. Typically, the resin is prepared in a tin bucket or some other container for further disposal. For this, tar is melted with a burner to the consistency of thick sour cream.
As soon as the resin is ready, it can be poured over a part of the roof, after which the roofing material can be laid. Then walk across its entire surface. The next sheet should overlap 12 cm towards the slope. For this reason, the first sheet should start from the lowest point.
Attention! If bubbles form during the roofing felt, then poke a hole (small) and firmly press the problem area. If necessary, this place must be filled with resin.
It will take 12 hours for the first layer of roofing material to dry. Then you can edit the second layer. Do not forget to make sure that the joints of the first and second layers do not coincide in any way. This will eliminate the possibility of moisture penetration into the soft roof.
If there are places adjacent to the wall, then it is important to pay special attention to them. Perhaps the use of a rigid sheet will be relevant. Most likely in the corner you will need to cover several layers of roofing material. Moreover, each layer should dry well.
Attention! If the angle of the roof slope is less than 15 °, then less than four layers of roofing material will be needed. If the slope is more than 16 °, then you need to use at least two layers.
Features of waterproofing a garage roof
There is another way to make waterproofing. For this, it is not at all necessary to use roofing material. You can use a special deposited material like bikrost. It is ideal for soft roofs.
The technology for its application is as follows:- cleaning and priming of the roof;
- unrolling a roll of bikrost if necessary. Do not immediately roll out the roll along the entire roof;
- keep in mind that the lower layer of bikrost is represented by oxidized bitumen, which can be heated with a burner;
- during warming up, make sure that at the edges and corners the material fits as tightly as possible to the roof;
- each next sheet of material should overlap up to 70 mm;
- do not delay the work process. Everything needs to be done efficiently and quickly. This is primarily due to the fact that bitumen sets very quickly. Tearing it off the roof can cause damage.
As you can see, the technology of waterproofing the roof with bikrost is almost no different from that used when laying roofing material. The only advantage is that you don't have to prepare the resin. Believe me, this is a painstaking and unpleasant process. But the result will not be worse.
How to repair a rigid roof
If not resin is used to cover the garage, but corrugated board, then the nature of its repair, of course, will be different. It is most likely easier to replace damaged sheets. Although there are times when a tree fell on the roof of the garage, as a result of which you have to resort to overhaul, implying the installation of the lathing.
If partial repairs are required, then, first of all, you need to dismantle the old sheet and lay a new one. It is important that it does not coincide in wavelength. In addition, it is important to carefully ensure that the correct overlap is made. The sheet is screwed on with special self-tapping screws designed for corrugated board.Attention! If the length of the garage is 6 meters, and the sheet of material is 1 meter, then 12 sheets of corrugated board will be needed for the entire roof.
If the garage is covered with metal tiles, then its repair is practically no different. The only thing that needs to be controlled is the locks that connect the shingles.
Adhering to our recommendations, you will be able to make high-quality roof repairs, which will significantly reduce costs, than you would have to rebuild it. And at the same time, do not forget that often the roof requires partial repair, which will save you money. But the main thing is that you can do all the work yourself.
A roof with two slopes over garages is built a little less often than a single-slope analogue. Although, according to a common misconception, one ramp requires less cost, it is often cheaper to build a "house" structure. Water flows freely from its inclined surfaces, so there is no point in laying multi-layer waterproofing.
The device of parapets that increase the consumption of materials is not necessary. The simple construction process is quite accessible to the home craftsman, if he knows how to construct a gable roof for a garage in strict accordance with the technological instructions.
Houses for four-wheeled "horses" are equipped with exactly the same types of roofs as the houses of the motorists themselves. There are practically no differences in technologies for the construction of pitched structures for garages and residential buildings.
The height is determined by the preferences of the owners and their plans for the use of the under-roof space. In it, you can freely organize a workshop, a rest room or a warehouse, if the bearing capacity of the box does not cast doubt on the strength aspects.
A steep roof will require more funds for the arrangement than its low counterpart. Its slopes are more solid in size, and the elements of the rafter frame are more impressive. Therefore, even among domestic owners of brick and concrete garages there are not too many lovers of high structures, if the operation of the attic is not planned. They are very supportive of the need to regularly remove snow from a low-pitched roof, as to good reason once again visit the garage and put things in order in your personal property.
The insulated gable roof of the garage will significantly save heat. However, without convincing climatic indicators in the construction region, it is unreasonable to improve the heating technology of the building. If necessary, lay thermal insulation material between the rafter legs, from below they are protected with a vapor barrier film, from above with waterproofing.
Work is carried out in accordance with the rules for the construction of conventional pitched roofs, roof systems can be made of both wood and galvanized metal.
Depending on the design data of the box being equipped, in the construction of truss systems over garages, the following is used:
- Inclined technology, according to which the upper and lower edge of each rafter leg has its own reliable support. The bottom of the layered rafters usually rests on the walls of the building. The top is on a solid running system, which in turn is supported on the inner wall or a row of support pillars inside the garage. The construction of a layered rafter system begins with the construction of a frame topped with a ridge girder. It is on the frame that the tops of the paired rafters are supported.
- Hanging technology, according to which the rafters rest only on the walls of the box. The point of support for the upper heel of the hanging rafters is a similar part of the mirrored counterpart. Hanging rafter systems are constructed mainly by installing triangular trusses, the base of which most often serves as a ceiling beam, less often as a screed located above. The trusses can be bought fully prepared for installation or made by yourself.
The rafter systems of the layered variety are built above the garages, if there is a need to overlap a large span. For example, in garages with two or more car boxes. Such structures usually have at least one wall or a series of support pillars to support the roof structure. The hanging scheme is ideal for erecting a roof over a structure designed for one car. Internal walls and support pillars in small buildings are unacceptable due to the small size of the usable space.
Both types of rafter frames include a minimum of elements when overlapping small spans up to 5 m. The pumping system consists of installed in pairs rafter legs and a running structure, hanging - from a number of trusses. With an increase in spans, it becomes more complicated, supplemented with struts, support pillars, additional runs of headstock, crossbars, etc.
Note that for the construction of a roof with two slopes, the construction of a rafter frame is not a prerequisite. Slopes can be formed with triangular pediments. On the sloping sides of the gables, slabs are laid - beams parallel to the ridge girder and overhangs. The rafterless technique is practiced mainly in wooden construction... It is still customary to equip brick and stone buildings with pediments with the help of rafter trusses installed inside the box.
Garage roof technology
The easiest way to obtain information is through a thorough analysis of construction methods and technologies. Those wishing to know how to build a garage on their own with a solid gable roof, we provide some of the most common examples. We will consider the construction of roofs over frame walls... Their specificity lies in the fastening of the rafter system to the upper strapping of the wall supports, and not to the Mauerlat of brick and concrete garages. The difference is not fundamental, but you should not forget about it, especially at the design stage, because embedded parts for fastening the Mauerlat must be laid in the process of erecting the walls.
The final roofing for garages is chosen based on the indicators of the steepness of the structure and on their own economic considerations. The material from which the walls are made does not really matter. In the arrangement of low-slope buildings, mainly roll materials are used, which attract the owners with excellent water-repellent qualities.
For the roof of the roofs higher, metal tiles or economical ones are used, pleasing not only with the price, but also with the ability to lay the covering on their own. Ceramic roof tiles and natural stone over domestic garages are extremely rare, and then only if uniform landscape requirements are imposed on the site.
Slanted garage roof options
An example of a gable roof over a "single" garage is quite accessible to an inexperienced performer. The roof is cold, but if you wish, this aspect can be thought over and modified by yourself. The width of the board, from which the rafter legs of the insulated roof will be made, should be chosen so that the thickness of the insulation is 3-5 cm less. This difference is needed for the formation of ventilation flows that remove vapor and condensate from the insulation.
If nothing happens with the purchase of boards of the required size, a crate is nailed on top of the rafters - a bar that increases the missing width.
The simplest rafter structure
Step-by-step instruction for craftsmen who decided to build a cold gable garage roof with their own hands:
- We carry out the markings along the upper strapping of the long walls of the garage. We mark the step of installing the rafters, which, according to the project, is 40 - 60 cm. In short, we banally divide the wall into equal segments, the length of which is not less than 40cm, but not more than 60cm. We mark from the corner of the box, do not forget that the extreme pairs of rafter legs must be installed flush with the end walls.
- We mount ceiling beams... According to the markings, we install the board on both walls. She must lie on the edge strictly horizontally. We check the horizontalness with a level gauge and fix it with a pair of nails or corners. Ceiling beams, along with the main work, play the role of puffs that compensate for the strut. If you need to inexpensively insulate the building, then it is better to place the thermal insulation between the ceiling beams, providing it with a vapor barrier film and an additional crate from the inside.
- We lay out pieces of plywood or similar material over the installed ceiling beams to provide access to the roof frame construction site.
- We mark the middle of both end walls, put the mark on the upper harness. We temporarily nail the rail to the ends so that one face of it coincides with the conditional central axis. An auxiliary rail is needed to accurately determine the position of the ridge and for the manufacture of rafter templates.
- We apply the board from the end to the installation site of the extreme rafter leg. We mark the cutting lines after the fact. This is a template, we use it to make the rest of the rafters with equal dimensions and cuts.
- Focusing on the auxiliary rails, between which it is desirable to pull the cord, we install supports for the ridge run. During the construction of large-span structures, the supports are installed every 120 cm. Having checked the verticality, we fix the racks with metal corners with a reinforcing bridge.
- We lay the ridge run on the support posts with an edge, check the horizontal position and nail it.
- We nail a block to the base of the supports located in the middle, parallel to the ridge run. It will perform the function of a bed, the laying of which would load the frame building too much.
- We mount the brace, the top of which we rest against the girder, the bottom into the bar at the base of the support. The angle of inclination of the brace part is about 45º. If several struts are to be installed, they are directed in opposite directions.
- We move the prepared rafters to the roof, put them in place, fasten them with nails at the top to the girder, at the bottom to the strapping and to the ceiling beam located next to it. We start with the extreme pairs, between which the lace should be pulled. Focusing on the indications of the laces, we install ordinary rafters.
- We dismantle the auxiliary bar. We replace it with two racks nailed to the rafters at the top and to the harness below.
- We equip every second pair of rafters with a tightening.
- To design the gable overhangs, we fasten the shortened cantilever beams with corners to the extreme pairs of rafter legs, then sheathe the perimeter with a wind board.
For the manufacture of rafters, struts and beams, we use a board 50 × 150mm, 50 × 200mm or 50 × 250mm. It should be noted that the cross-section of the material for the ridge girder must be greater than the cross-section of the ordinary elements of the rafter system. Puffs can be made from a 25 × 100mm board.
According to the finished rafter system, it is necessary to perform a crate: solid, if it is planned to lay roll material, sparse, if it will be produced or profiled steel sheet.
In the construction of rafter systems of the layered category for small garages, the same technological principles are used. Regardless of the steepness of the slopes, an independent master will have to complete all the stages of work described above.
On top of the finished rafter system, it is laid in strips roll waterproofing, the laying of which is carried out from the overhang to the ridge girder, then the lathing and roofing.
Large span layered roof
The example of building a roof over a large span box confirms the steadfastness technological principles... The peculiarity of the structure lies in the fact that the facility being developed is conditionally divided into sectors.
In addition to the load-bearing walls, there are two rows of support posts on which the side girders are laid. The running structure does not rest on a bench or floor beams, but on additional posts. The sections of the box do not exceed the 5m limit, so they are not reinforced with rafter legs - struts.
Hanging roof plans for garage
Hanging truss systems are quite rightly leading in the construction of small-sized garages. The owners and builders are not afraid of the complexity of repairing and replacing the damaged part of the hanging rafter system. It is much more convenient and safer to connect the rafter legs into trusses, and then raise them to the roof, than to install each layered element separately at a height.
Elementary construction method
Before erecting a roof using the hanging method, you should make an accurate calculation or stock up finished project with the exact dimensions of the gables.
We will construct a hanging rafter system for a garage roof as follows:
- We mark the future position of the rafter legs according to the instructions of the project.
- In accordance with the dimensions indicated in the project, we manufacture roof trusses and saw down the lower grooves to support the harness.
- First, we install the extreme farms adjacent to the gables, connect them together with a lace.
- We install intermediate trusses, not forgetting to check the shoelace readings. The upper edges of the rafters should form a flat imaginary plane.
- We install diagonal wind ties from the inside of the building. They will provide the rigidity of the rafter frame.
- We trim the gables with OSB-3 slabs.
- We attach shortened beams to the ends of the extreme rafter trusses to form gable overhangs.
- We mount a wind board around the perimeter.
- On top of the finished truss structure, we fasten the crate, the variety of which corresponds to the type of finish coating and the requirements of the material manufacturer.
In the example, the lathing is arranged for a soft type of OSB board. A continuous flooring under the roof of a similar characteristics can be made from a board. Those wishing to find out how to correctly make a gable roof lathing for a garage should know that the slabs are stacked apart, and the boards are parallel to the overhangs or at an angle of 35º-45º to them. Between the elements of the battens, gaps of at least 3 mm should be left, which are necessary for the thermal expansion of the materials.
A significant advantage of hanging structures is that the screeds also act as ceiling beams. In the disassembled version, the screed is overstated, and the inner lining is carried out directly along it. The attic is excluded in such a design solution. But due to the overestimation of the screed, the ceiling and the internal space increase, which can be seen in detail in the photo of the stages of the construction of the gable roof of the garage:
If the hanging rafter triangles are to cover a span of more than 9m, the tightening is spliced from two boards or beams. At the apex of the triangle, a suspension head is installed to prevent the tightening from sagging. It is connected by struts with rafter legs. At the bottom of the suspension there is a device for tightening the tightening in case of sagging.
Hanging structures for large spans
Hanging truss systems are suitable for spanning spans up to 14m. in a private household, garages of similar dimensions are rare. However, large buildings are often equipped with hanging trusses, as in the example presented for a two-story garage.
The building has a full-fledged second floor that does not belong to the attic category. For construction in areas with a high wind load and an insignificant amount of winter precipitation, the walls of the second floor should be increased, and the roof should be made flatter by reducing the angle of inclination of the slopes.
The walls of the two-story garage are made of timber, the gables and the internal partition are also made of it. Timber gables make it possible to refuse rafter scheme by mounting it down. However, the roof frame in the example is made traditionally: using hanging rafter triangles.
Roof trusses are installed in the usual way: with the lower cuts they rest on the walls, with the tops facing each other. The junction of the tops is reinforced with wooden beams. The ceiling of the cold roof is hemmed with plasterboard from the inside of the rafter system. Outside, a continuous waterproofing carpet is laid on the rafters.
The material is laid in strips with slight sagging in case of traditional movements of wood with fluctuations in moisture with temperature. The waterproofing strips are laid in the direction from the overhang to the ridge, they are attached to the rafters first with a stapler, then with battens of the sheathing. Under the metal tile and profiled sheet, a sparse crate is arranged with a step indicated by the manufacturer. It is unacceptable to lay bituminous waterproofing under metal coatings with a polymer shell.
In the case of the construction of an insulated roof over a two-story garage according to the specified project, it is advisable to distribute the stages of work in a different way. First of all, it is better to lay the waterproofing, mount the crate and fix the covering on it.
On large-sized objects, it is more convenient and reasonable to install thermal insulation slabs or mats when the outer part roofing cake completely ready. This eliminates the threat of thermal insulation getting wet, which causes the threat of gradual destruction of the wooden elements of the rafter frame.
Video selection to help independent builders
The topic of the proposed video is the construction of a garage and a gable roof for those who want to build with their own hands.
The basic options for the construction of roofs with two slopes over garages presented by us demonstrate the basic principles of construction. The proposed schemes are quite suitable for the construction of a free-standing box with a gable roof. Typical projects can be modified according to individual requirements.
One can only envy those car owners who have or had the opportunity to build their own real garage. Knowing the mentality of our men, we can say with a high degree of certainty that the overwhelming majority of the “lucky ones” will start building a “house” for their car with their own hands. Nowadays, there are many opportunities for choosing materials for building a garage - both from the standpoint of simplicity self-erection and from the point of view of maximum efficiency.
Any building is always crowned with a roof, and if, again, focus on minimum costs, then its single-slope design becomes the best option. In addition, the problems of some kind of special decorativeness, as a rule, recede into the background, giving way to the reliability of the structure and the speed of its installation. It is these qualities that the mentioned option possesses. So, a pitched roof for: from carrying out the necessary calculations to installation features - in this publication.
What are the advantages of a pitched roof, are there any disadvantages?
So, in most cases, a garage is considered exactly as a utility room, therefore, a utilitarian approach usually dominates in its design and construction - simplicity, reliability, the creation of effective protection of the car from atmospheric precipitation. That is why single-pitched roofs are so popular in this case.
- This design is not difficult for independent calculations. It is based on a triangle - the most "rigid" of all two-dimensional figures, which is described by simple and understandable geometric relationships.
- The cost of materials and components is always much lower than for even the simplest gable roof. It is important that saving lumber in this case does not in any way affect the reliability of the structure.
- Installation of a pitched roof system is simple and intuitive. For the independent construction of such a structure, it is not at all necessary to be a qualified craftsman - if the technological recommendations are followed, any garage owner can cope with such a task. This is another "plus" in terms of construction efficiency - there is no need to hire specialists.
- Another advantage is the speed of work. You can cover the garage with a shed roof in a matter of days, while choosing a more complex rafter system and time will take much more.
True, the owner of the garage, when choosing a pitched roof, will have to come to terms with some of its shortcomings:
- A pitched roof is more susceptible to snow load - due to a slight slope, snowdrifts can form on its surface. This must be taken into account when making calculations.
- Such a design either does not imply an attic space at all, or its operational capabilities will be significantly limited.
- There are certain difficulties with ensuring high-quality thermal insulation of such a garage, especially if the project does not imply the presence of at least a small attic space.
- Finally, not everyone likes the appearance of a pitched roof, which does not imply any decorative delights. However, this is a matter of taste, and if you wish, a pitched roof can be easily included in the general "architectural ensemble" of your country estates. For many, this disadvantage is not significant at all.
Shed roof garage options
A shed roof system is a series of stacked parallel to each other, arranged in such a way that one end of them is raised relative to the other at a certain height to create a slope. The rafters become the basis for the installation of the necessary sheathing, and already she, in turn, for the flooring of the selected roof covering.
The excess of one edge of the rafters on the other can be achieved in several ways:
- Even in the process of designing a garage, one of the walls is planned to be higher than the opposite one, by an amount (the calculation of such an excess will be discussed below). In this case, the other two walls are given the shape of a trapezoid.
This approach is very often practiced in frame construction... Even when drawing up the drawings, it is envisaged that the height of the supporting vertical struts of the frame on one side will be higher. Thus, at different heights, subject to the required ΔН, the beams of the upper harness will also appear, which will play the role of the Mauerlat. As a result, a ready-made shed roof system is immediately laid, on which it will only be necessary to mount the rafters, and then - the required crate.
Which walls will differ in height, of course, will depend on the chosen direction of the slope.
- It could be a lateral slope towards one of the sides of the garage. This method is attractive in that the rafters are shorter, and you can often do without the simplest scheme, without creating additional supports for them.
- Another option is when the front wall of the building is higher than the back one, and then the slope of the slope is organized backward. The length built in this case, in relation to the garage, already reaches 5 ÷ 6 and even more meters, and you cannot do without strengthening them.
- If, according to the project, both walls of the building are of the same height, or a shed roof is being erected on a previously constructed building, then the slope of the rafters can be organized by substituting racks of the same height ΔH under them in one side. Racks on top are usually united by a strapping bar, which will perform the function
In this case, the facade part of the roofing structure and the remaining open pediment triangles after the installation of the rafter system are simply sewn up with wood or other material, at their discretion.
This approach often allows you to achieve savings in the construction of the main walls of the garage - less bricks or blocks will go away, and the masonry process itself will be faster - there is no need to display additional side trapezoidal walls of the gables.
- If the walls are of the same height, then they also resort to another method - on the "ground", roof trusses are mounted, and then they are already installed with certain steps on the Mauerlat.
Usually in the course of work, one such truss is made, carefully tried on and adjusted to the place. Well, then it becomes a template for "cloning" - the rest are made according to its model, in convenient conditions on the ground. When all the trusses are ready, proceed to the final installation. The lower corners of the trusses are attached to the Mauerlat, the upper corners are tied together with a bar, creating a single rigid structure.
This approach is especially convenient when the large distance between the walls obliges the builder to strengthen the rafters. And the farm itself is tough structural element, since it combines both a kind of floor beam and a rafter leg, with reinforcing jumpers installed between them - racks or struts.
Fastening for rafters
Another obvious convenience - in such a garage it will be much easier to hem the ceiling, if necessary, also insulate it - the horizontal beams of the trusses provide all the possibilities for this.
Another option is when the garage is attached to the finished solid wall of an already erected capital building.
In this case, one end of the rafters rests on brackets or a support bar installed on the wall at a certain height, and the second on vertical posts with a strapping - in the case of a frame structure, or on a Mauerlat of a wall attached next to it. In any case, this pivot point is again located with the calculated height difference ΔH.
If necessary, instead of rafters, rafter trusses can also be attached to the wall of the house, by analogy with the previously considered case.
The main parameters of a gable garage roof, their calculations
So, if a decision is made to build a pitched roof over the garage, then it is necessary to determine its main parameters.
From the initial data, as a rule, there are only the dimensions of the garage “box” - its length and width. From here we will begin to "dance".
Roof slope direction
First of all, it is necessary to determine in advance the direction of the slope of the slope, being guided not only by considerations of convenience and ease of installation of the rafter system, but also taking into account the prevailing wind direction at the construction site.
It is recommended to tilt the roof exactly to the windward side, so that the air movement does not create a lifting force, but, on the contrary, presses the roof structure down. Although the garage, as a rule, is a low structure, and can be almost completely buried by other buildings from the influence of wind, nevertheless, the prevalence of wind can be caused by the peculiarities of the terrain or neighboring buildings - open spaces, forest clearings, etc. And, of course, the specificity of the site can play a certain role in choosing the direction of the slope - the general "background" of the territory design, the location of the elements of the storm sewer system or other factors.
Determination of the steepness of the slope
The next step is to determine the steepness of the slope, that is, the angle α.
For pitched roofs, this angle usually does not exceed 25, the maximum is 30 °. If the slope is too steep, the structure itself looks ridiculous, and most importantly, the roof becomes very vulnerable to wind load. Too small slopes, less than 10 °, are also undesirable, since in this case the significance of the snow load on the slope increases sharply, the outflow of water becomes difficult, especially during thaws or the beginning of massive snow melting.
The angle of the slope is seriously affected by and. If the owner of the garage prefers one or another material for the roof in advance, for example, in order to maintain the overall design of the territory, then he must be guided by certain rules when calculating the slope of a pitched roof.
Below is a diagram showing the acceptable roofing types for different slope angles.
Note that the steepness of the slope in the diagram is shown in three different options- in degrees and in the ratio of the lift height (ΔH) to the base length (D or L), which, in turn, can be expressed in fractional ratio or in percentage. With such a scheme at hand, it will not be difficult to translate one unit of measurement into another.
The numbers in circles indicate the types of roofing, and the arrow coming from them indicates minimum allowable the value of the slope of the roof, at which they can be used.
| Designation in the diagram | Permitted type of roofing |
|---|---|
| ① | Covering from shingles, chips, natural shingles. |
| ② | Natural piece tiles, slate and bitumen-polymer tiles. |
| ③ | Flat roof: at least four layers of a bitumen-based roll coating, with an external dressing of fine gravel embedded in molten mastic. |
| ④ | The same thing, but three layers of material are enough with sprinkling. |
| ⑤ | The same, but without the obligatory gravel backfill. |
| ⑥ | When using roll material - two layers, applied on the mastic "hot". The use of metal tiles or some types of corrugated board is allowed. |
| ⑦ | Asbestos-cement slate corrugated sheets of reinforced profile. |
| ⑧ | Clay tile. |
| ⑨ | Reinforced profi flat slate sheets |
| ⑩ | Roofing sheet steel with folded joints of sheets. |
| ⑪ | Asbestos-cement corrugated slate, regular profile. |
How to give the ramp a given slope angle?
The next question is how to give the slope the desired angle of inclination.
If with the value α and determined the direction of the slope of the slope, then, knowing the initial parameter of the length or width of the garage (), it is easy to determine the desired height difference ΔH, which has already been mentioned more than once.
If the walls have a certain thickness (for example, they are lined with blocks or bricks), then the measurement of the linear parameters of the building D and L we draw along their outer edges.
For the calculation, we will use the well-known trigonometric formula:
H = L(D) × tg α
In order not to force the reader to look for tangent values and carry out independent calculations, a calculator is located below, which will allow you to perform the calculation in a matter of seconds. If you wish, you can play with the values to find the best acceptable option.
Corrugated board
Calculator for calculating the height of the wall to ensure the required slope of the pitched roof
There are several design solutions for garage roofs. However, in order to minimize the necessary costs and get the most economical option, you need to focus on the shed roof option. In addition, it can be attached to a residential building and provide direct access to the house.
A shed roof for a garage has found widespread use, due to its simplicity, reliability and budget. The economy of this design is provided by the gable garage roof itself and its technological characteristics.
The device of a gable roof of a garage
A pitched roof consists of:
- rafter system, which is the basis on which all its components are attached and which perceives the load on the roof;
- lathing, arranged similarly to other types of roofs, which serves as a supporting surface for the roofing;
- insulating materials designed to retain heat and protect against moisture;
- roofing;
- additional elements that reinforce the rafter system.
The garage, on which a pitched roof is arranged, must have logs or mauerlat (beams) on the upper ends. They will become the support for the future rafter system. As a rule, they are attached to the walls with wire through anchors that are hammered into the wall or specially laid in the masonry.
Garage roof rafter system
The main element of the rafter system is the rafter (a wooden beam of a certain section). As you know, it can be
- suspended (rests on the ends);
- layered (also has an intermediate bearing support).
If the span formed by the supporting walls is less than 4-5 m, as in the case of a garage, you can limit yourself to installing only horizontal elements (crossbars) on the rafter frame. At the junction of the Mauerlat and the rafters, sockets for fasteners are made. The rafters are installed in their position and securely fastened with nails or anchors.
garage roof made of corrugated board
How to make a gable garage roof practically
Given the size of the garage, a simplified rafter system with horizontal rafters can be made for it. Wooden beams can be laid along or across the garage. However, a transverse arrangement is considered more appropriate. This arrangement is more advantageous, if only because the timber along the width of the garage can have a shorter length.
Beams for an average garage (width of about 4 m) have a section of 100x50 mm, for a larger garage width it is better to use 100x60 mm or more. Beams are laid in increments of no more than one meter.
After completing the installation, wooden beams it is necessary to fix it with screws or corners to the walls of the garage or later lay it with a brick.
Sheathing and insulation of a single-pitched garage roof
As soon as the work on the installation and reliable fixing of the beams is completed, they proceed to the flooring of the lathing. As a material for the lathing, both edged and unedged board(shalevka). The latter option is considered optimal, because it costs two times less than the edged one, and it is difficult to distinguish them in the final form.
Several edged boards, which usually come with a shale, are recommended to be laid on the sides of the roof to eliminate gaps. If a shalyovka is used for flooring, it is cleaned of bark. When laying and nailing, make sure that there are no large gaps. Compared to edged board flooring, of course, small gaps are possible, but this is not comparable to the difference in the price of these materials. After warming and filing, the cracks will become almost invisible.
The next stage is the arrangement of waterproofing, which should protect the inner space of the garage from penetrating water. For these purposes, various materials are used, for example, roofing material or special roofing films (hydro-barrier, euro-barrier).
The most budget option the roofing material remains. It is laid from the bottom up in such a way that a small overlap of a couple of centimeters is formed. In this case, the water that gets from under the roofing material will roll down without falling under the bottom, that is, the boards.
The roofing film is laid in the same way, fixing with stainless nails or staples. Roofing material is simply nailed.
Roofing on a garage roof
Next, the roof of the garage is laid on the wooden flooring. Choice roofing materials large enough for a gable garage roof, and each of the materials has its own individual characteristics and advantages.
- Profiled sheeting is resistant to atmospheric precipitation, it can be reused, although it is already relatively inexpensive.
- Slate - looks good, easy to install, operational life - 30-40 years, but not always justified for small garages.
- Seam roofing - strips of thin sheet metal are easy to install and reliable, but this option does not differ in cheapness.
- Roof shingles or metal shingles - more suitable for covering large and medium sized fixed stone garages
- Roll materials (rubemast, roofing felt, roofing felt, etc.) are inexpensive, easy and quick to fit and, most importantly, are durable and effectively protect the room. If roofing material can serve up to 10-15 years, then its modern counterparts - on average, up to 30-40 years.
Capital or frame technology for the construction of a garage
Of the popular technologies that exist today, two can be distinguished: capital and frame. Unlike the first, which requires a variety of Construction Materials and equipment, the frame is based on factory-made technical units- it is only necessary to carry out the final assembly.
A frame garage with a pitched roof has some advantages:
- excellent thermal insulation,
- fast erection,
- the cheapness of the solution.
In addition, for frame garage because of the lightweight walls, a massive foundation is not required.
Shed roof for garage: simple and economical
A pitched roof for a garage does not require high skills in roof construction. However, it is better to entrust it to professionals, as the garage roof device has
How to properly cover the roof of the garage with your own hands
Roofing is a fundamentally important stage in the construction of a garage. To make a garage roof with your own hands, you need to correctly choose its shape and design, decide on the type and color of the roofing. Despite the fact that the garage belongs to auxiliary buildings, the configuration and shade of its roof is part of the architectural and landscape composition of the site, which has a considerable aesthetic load. We propose to figure out how to properly make a garage roof so that it not only looks good against the background of the environment, but is also stable, reliable, and durable.
What roofing material to cover the roof of the garage
When choosing a material for arranging a garage roofing, they take into account the shape, slope and expected life of the roof, climatic conditions and financial aspects.
Types and features of roofing materials:
- Ceramic and metal roof tiles. Durable and expensive material that requires professional installation.
- Flexible shingles. Roll material at a budget price, easy to install, but characterized by a short operating life.
- Decking. Low cost, low weight of sheets, easy installation are the main advantages of the material. The disadvantages include weak thermal insulation, the possibility of corrosion, noise.
- Ondulin. Strong, lightweight, wear-resistant sheet material with an optimal price / durability ratio. A simplified installation scheme is one of the main reasons why most homeowners choose Ondulin for self-construction of a garage roof.
Roof shape for a garage: the nuances of choice
The roof configuration of the garage can be absolutely any, therefore important point its construction - the choice of form, design and calculation of the load, calculation of the amount of required material. Flat or lean-to with a slope, gable gable or mansard, hip or hip - the roof design significantly affects the labor intensity and the final cost of building a garage.
The advantages of a gable roof as an option for building a garage with your own hands:
- Affordability.
- Reduced volumes of structural and roofing materials.
- Rational use of building space.
- Simplicity and speed of installation work.
The roof structure includes:
- Mauerlat.
- Rafter system.
- Insulating layers (moisture, steam, heat insulation).
- Crate.
- Roof decking.
Mauerlat installation
The installation of the roof begins with the installation of a Mauerlat, a wooden beam with a section of 150 × 100/150 × 150 mm. Muerlat plays a key role in redistributing the weight load of the roof onto the garage walls, serves as a support and improves the strength parameters of the roof structure. Before installation, the timber must be treated with fire retardants and antiseptics to protect against fire, prevent rotting and damage by woodworms. Having laid several layers of roofing material for waterproofing, the Mauerlat is fixed along the upper edge of the walls, flush with their inner plane, and then additional brickwork is made from the outside. Mauerlat is fastened to the wall with staples, studs, fittings, wire.
Quite often, a simplified method of mounting a Mauerlat is used, using instead of a bar edged board 150 × 50 mm. The first row of boards is fixed along the top of the walls with anchor bolts at least 200 mm long, the next row is nailed with 100 mm nails. This method is good for the absence of embedded elements and the simplified process of lifting the boards to a height in comparison with the timber.
Installation of a truss structure
The rafter system is the frame of the garage's single-pitched roof, which evenly distributes the load from wind, precipitation, and the weight of the roofing material. When covering a garage with a span of up to 4500 mm, roof trusses are used without struts, in other cases - with struts. The step of the rafters affects the bearing capacity of the frame and the reliability of the roof, but an unreasonably small distance will make it heavier, increase the load on the walls and foundation. Too large a step will reduce the resistance of the garage roof to external influences. As a rule, the pitch of the rafters is calculated based on the dimensions and weight of the roof deck module.
As rafters when installing a garage roof, a bar with a section of 100-200 mm by 50 mm is traditionally used so that after arranging the roofing, an overhang of at least 200 mm is formed. During the installation process, the rafter legs are cut into the crown of the Mauerlat with a double tooth or fixed with studs, bolts, metal corners / plates. Steam and moisture protection membranes are overlapped on the top of the rafters, fixing the edges of the insulating material with staples or tape.
Installation of lathing and roofing
The battens give the roof structure the required rigidity and serve as the basis for laying the roof covering. The lathing is mounted perpendicular to the rafters, installing wooden slats 50 × 50 mm with a pitch of 100 mm for roll materials, with a distance of 500-800 mm for sheet materials. The roofing material is laid in accordance with the technological scheme recommended by the manufacturer - this is, as a rule, a series of operations for fixing the covering on the surface of the sheathing.
How to make a garage roof with your own hands: Video, expert advice
How to cover your garage roof yourself. The choice of roofing materials and the shape of the roof. The main stages of construction.
We build a simple roof for a house, garage or bath with our own hands
Completing the construction of the walls, it is time to think about the structure that crowns the building. If it comes about a small country house, garage or bathhouse, then its choice is not difficult to make. The simplest roof for such objects is one or a gable. It can be calculated and built on your own without involving a team of carpenters.
In this article, we will consider common options for roofing structures, talk about the important features of their selection and installation.
Types of simple roofs and their main elements
Any roof consists of a supporting frame and a protective roof covering.
The frame includes the following elements:
- Rafters - inclined beams (serve as the load-bearing base of the roof).
- Ridge beam (connects the upper docking points of the rafters).
- Sheathing is a flooring made of boards or OSB boards, laid on the rafters and serving as the basis for the roofing material.
- Counter-lattice - used when installing a warm roof (creates an air gap for ventilation of the insulation).
- Mauerlat - wooden beams (mounted on longitudinal walls). The lower parts of the rafters (rafter legs) are attached to it.
- Vertical struts, horizontal braces and struts (used to strengthen the rafter structure).
- Fillets are planks nailed to the lower ends of the rafter legs to create a roof overhang.
The design of a simple roof for a house is determined by several factors:
- the width of the span to be covered;
- the purpose of the attic space (residential or non-residential, walk-through or non-passable);
- type of interfloor overlap (wooden beams, reinforced concrete panels).
If the width of the building is small (up to 4.5 meters), and the arrangement of the living space is not planned in the attic, then you can stop at the version of a pitched roof. It is economical and easy to install.
The rafters of such a roof can be supported directly on the walls. To do this, one of them must be made higher than the other. This will create the slope required for the rainwater runoff.
If you decide to put a pitched roof on the walls of the same level, then to create a slope in its structure, you need to include wooden racks. After the installation is completed, they are sheathed with siding, OSB slabs or a blockhouse.
For asbestos-cement slate, the angle of inclination of the roof must be at least 22 degrees. For metal tiles, ondulin, bituminous tiles, the roof slope is made at least 15 degrees. When calculating a simple pitched roof, remember that snow load is a serious factor. To reduce it, the slope of the slope is recommended to be steeper. Otherwise, you will have to increase the cross-section of the rafters and lathing, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the structure.
If the width of the span is from 4.5 to 6 meters, then the rafters must be reinforced with braces (inclined racks from a bar). They will reduce the deflection of the rafter legs under the influence of the snow load. The lower ends of the braces are embedded in the masonry, and when using vertical support posts, they are attached to them with staples, nails or toothed metal plates.
Shed roofs are most often used for small structures such as garages, sheds, baths or gazebos. Gable structure with a large angle of rise - the best option for arranging the attic space.
Main docking points
The main condition for the strength of any roof is the competent joining of all its parts. Therefore, when drawing up a sketch drawing, you need to pay attention to the nodes (connection of the Mauerlat to the wall, rafters with a ridge and floor beams).
The device of a simple roof begins with laying a horizontal wooden beam - a Mauerlat, on which the rafters will rest. It is attached to the masonry through threaded steel anchors (in brick walls) or to studs concreted in an armored belt (gas silicate masonry, expanded clay concrete, foam block).
The floor beams are fixed to the wall using anchor pins, and the Mauerlat is attached to them with nails or long self-tapping screws.
Note also that the roof of a small house, shed or garage can be installed without a Mauerlat, fixing the lower ends of the rafters directly to the floor beams.
The next important knot is attaching the upper ends of the rafters to each other and connecting them to the ridge beam.
There are several ways to create this node. The rafters can be bolted and tightened with a nut (node 1). You can use an overlay from a piece of OSB board (node # 2) or fix them with a metal toothed plate (node # 3). For closer contact of the rafters with the ridge beam, notches are made on them.
It should be noted that the ridge beam, which increases the rigidity of the structure, is most often used on large roofs. It is also placed in buildings with brick, block or log gables that serve for it. support walls... When building a small bathhouse, garage or country house, you can do without this element. For a small roof, a crate or OSB deck will provide sufficient rigidity.
If you are going to make a simple roof with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the recommended sections of the rafter legs.
Dimensions (edit) cross-sections other elements of a simple roof can be taken from table no.
Features of the construction of a simple roof
The installation of the roof begins after the completion of the construction of the walls, installation of beams or floor slabs. Having set the extreme rafters in level, they are attached to the beams or Mauerlat and fixed with temporary ties. After that, a lighthouse cord is pulled between them. Ordinary rafters are placed along it and are alternately fastened with the help of a crate.
In the presence of a capital gable, installation is simplified, since the ridge beam laid on it serves as a support and beacon for installing rafters.
Installation of a roof frame at a height is a laborious task. When erecting a small roof, it is more convenient to assemble roof trusses on the ground. In this case, on the walls, you will only have to connect them with the help of a lathing into a single structure. Once you have assembled one truss, you can use it as a template for marking and cutting rafters, ties and beams.
When preparing to build a roof, be sure to do detailed diagram with an indication of the size of all elements and a detailed study of the nodes. It will be useful to you for calculating the purchased lumber and will help you complete the installation efficiently and quickly.
If the attic space is residential, then the roof structure must include not only insulation, vapor barrier, but also a counter-lattice - a wooden block with a section of 30x50 mm. It is nailed to the rafters on top of the vapor barrier film to create a ventilation gap, and the main crate is attached on top. Without this "little thing", the insulation in the cold season will get wet from diffusion moisture, and the wooden parts of the structure will start to rot.
If, when installing an insulated roof, a solid OSB flooring is used, then a counter-lattice is placed under it.
Any roof needs overhangs to protect walls from rainwater. For shed construction they are made not only at the bottom, but also at the top. If the length of the rafter legs is not enough to form cornice overhangs, then they are increased by nailing down the "filly" boards.
The minimum size of the roof overhangs should be at least 20 cm. To protect the gables from moisture, the length of the roof on each side is increased by 20-30 cm, creating front overhangs. The ends and lower planes of the overhangs are sheathed with a wind board.
Simple roof for a house, garage or bathhouse - single-slope and double-slope structures
Features and options for building a simple roof for a country house, bathhouse or garage with your own hands. Schemes, photos and videos of construction work.