What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

The reliability and quality of any foundation depends primarily on the exact adherence to technology at every stage of its implementation. And strapping a columnar foundation with a bar is no exception.

General information

Screw pile

A screw pile is a type of pile that is driven into the ground by screwing it in. As a rule, it is metal pipe, to the base of which the blades are welded. These blades serve not only to immerse the structure in the ground, but also to evenly distribute the mass over a large area of ​​the soil.

What is strapping

After the installation of the screw supports, they are fastened with beams, the result is one rigid structure, which is called a strapping or grillage.

The strapping of the house is, in fact, the overlap between the structure itself and the foundation. This design evenly distributes the weight of the house out. In addition, the grillage is the first to take on negative influences. environment... Therefore, it must be strong, reliable and protected from moisture.

A bar is a material made by trimming a tree trunk from four sides. It has the same cross-section along its entire length. Currently, timber is the most popular material for strapping the foundation. It is especially often used in the construction of log cabins, baths and other wooden houses.

Most commonly used bottom rail from coniferous timber, as they have some advantages over deciduous ones:

• Higher service life and durability;
• High strength;
• Reduced moisture permeability;
• The price is usually lower than hardwood.

Note!
The strapping beam must have a cross section of at least 150x150 mm.
When buying a material, you need to make sure that there are not even the slightest cracks on it, otherwise the build quality will suffer.

Before making a grillage, it is necessary to process the material:

• Antiseptic - to prevent rotting and the development of fungus; (see the article for more details)
• Fire retardant, which will increase fire resistance and prevent fire. This processing is especially relevant for pine material, since this wood in its composition contains a large amount of combustible resins.

Advice!
When calculating the amount of material, it is advisable to add 10-15 percent, since it may not be enough during work.

Glued beams are much stronger than conventional beams and are more accurate in dimensions. As a rule, such material has protrusions and grooves. As a result, the structure from this is very durable.

The main advantage of laminated veneer lumber is thermal and moisture protection. The design will be tight and without gaps in the corner joints. Of course, such material is more expensive than ordinary material, for that it does not need to be dried and treated with an antiseptic.

Another advantage of the glued material is that it does not rot and is very light in itself. Thus, a laminated veneer lumber grillage is an excellent solution.

To calculate the required amount of timber, you can use a simple calculator:

Wall length

m

Wall width

m

Wall height

m

Bar section

150x150 mm. 180x180 mm. 200x200 mm.

Bar length

5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 11m 12m

Strapping laying technology

The lining of the pile foundation with a bar is performed in several stages:

• Foundation preparation;
• Preparation of building material;
• Directly styling.

Tool

If you will do the strapping of the foundation with a bar by hand, then you will need the following tool:

• Hacksaw or chainsaw;
• Electric planer;
• Screwdriver;
• Drill;
• Roulette.

Foundation preparation

Preparation is carried out in two stages:

1. First of all, you need to make sure that the foundation is horizontal. Piles that are located above the required level must either be immersed deeper or cut. If the supports are located below the required level, then a gasket should be placed on the head.
2. Then it is necessary to perform waterproofing. To do this, a roofing felt gasket is laid on the ends of the supports. You can also use bitumen or roofing paper.

Preparation of building material

First, the material must be dried. Then you need to select the corner elements of the grillage and make cuts from their ends for the lock connection.

Most often, the connection is made to the floor of the tree, when the cut is made "into the floor of the tree", to the middle of the section of the bar at a right angle, the width of the cut corresponds to the width of the bar. Also, sometimes a “half-foot” connection is made, when the cut is made at an arbitrary angle. This connection is more reliable.

Advice!
The easiest way to do the cuts is with an electric planer.

Laying and connecting the strapping

After the piles are leveled, waterproofing is laid on them and the material is prepared, you can start strapping.

The instructions for performing the work are as follows:

1. First of all, you need to outline the corners.... To do this, define a point as the first outer corner, it can be marked with a nail. Then the remaining corners are outlined in the same way, and I check their straightness with the help of a triangle.
2. Next, you need to make one of the corners of the future object and lay all the prepared bars... Jute tape must be laid between the joints. On straight sections of the grillage, it is best to connect the elements with a frontal stop in a half-tree or "in a half-paw".
3. When all the elements are laid, it is necessary to once again check the straightness of the corners and the horizontality of the entire resulting structure.

Advice!
The bars can also be connected to each other using metal corners and brackets.

After the strapping beam on the screw piles is laid, it must be fixed. Most often, the grillage is attached to the supports with bolts. To do this, it is necessary to make holes in the pile heads in advance, and after laying, drill holes in the beams, the beams should thus be attached to each pillar.

It is even easier to use self-tapping screws instead of bolts, in which case you do not have to make holes in the beams. After attaching the structure, cuts are made in the grillage for logs and partition beams.

Note!
After installing the strapping, it is also necessary to lay a waterproofing layer on it, and treat the open places with mastic.

In some cases, the strapping of a house from a bar is not done, since its role is played by the crown of the log house itself, installed on the foundation. This option is possible only if the floor logs are cut down a few crowns higher.

We looked at how to make a strapping of a house from a bar with one crown. The double strapping is quite popular, which we will discuss below.

Double strapping from a bar is more reliable designs than described above.

It has the following advantages:

• The house turns out to be more warm.
• In the double strapping, no saws for beams and logs are made, therefore it is more durable than a conventional strapping.
• With double strapping, it is easier to remove and replace the joists during repairs, since they do not cut into the base.

When performing this design, the first crown is made of a material with a section of 200x200 mm. It is installed according to the above technology. In this case, it is also necessary to make saws under the beams for the partitions.

When the first crown is completed, the second is installed. Usually, for the second crown, bars with a section of 150 x 100 mm are used, and they are installed with their butt ends (the section should not be square). All joints of the first row should be overlapped, while the corners are also connected - in a straight cut.

The partition beam is installed with its end face in the middle of the beam of the first row, so that there is a protrusion on both sides. The floor logs are laid perpendicular to the partition beam every 70-80 cm. They can be fixed to the protruding beam with nails.

Advice!
The geometry of the strap is checked by measuring the diagonals.

This concludes the work. You can learn more about the double strapping of the foundation from the video in this article.

Possible difficulties

When making a grillage, you may have to face some difficulties.

• The piles are not twisted to the level. If it is not possible to immerse the pile deeper, then you can not cut the pipe, but make a depression in the timber.
• The foundation is not square. In this case, the corners are leveled with a grillage.
  
• A crack appeared on the timber. In this case, the timber should be replaced.

Output

The strapping is an extremely important stage of construction, since the strength and durability of the whole house depends on it. Therefore, it should be carried out especially carefully, without deviating from the above technology.

Growth in popularity frame construction due to the fact that this method allows you to build houses in a very short time. To further speed up the work, pile-screw foundations are used as the base. The fact is that there are no wet processes in the process of their arrangement. In order to communicate the proper stability to the foundation, a competent piping of the pile foundation will be required.

For sustainability wooden house it is not enough to drive the piles into the ground - they still need to be fastened together from above Source fucbgik.kal.ru.net

Features of the pile foundation

Pile-screw foundations are very common in low-rise construction. This is especially true for the construction of frame and log houses, which are lightweight.

This is explained by the following advantages of pile structures:

Suitable for difficult soils. This refers to weak, heaving and frozen ground. The same applies to uneven areas when, due to the features of the relief given type the foundation turns out to be the only possible solution.

Long service life. Compliance with the technology of arrangement, the use of high-quality materials and correct operation provides a long service life of the pile foundation (at least 100 years).

Cheapness. Other types of foundations are much more expensive.

Simple and fast construction. For the immersion of screw supports, it is usually used special equipment, which allows this procedure to be carried out in a few hours. There is also a manual screwing option that can be handled by 3-4 people.

Screwing in screw piles with the help of special devices will significantly save time Source clubwell.ru

When laying a foundation from screw piles, laborious excavation... The main thing is to correctly calculate the screw-in depth and the distance between the supports.

The determining factors in the calculations are the massiveness of the future building and the characteristics of the soil - its composition, the depth of groundwater occurrence and the degree of freezing.

Considering the possibility of using a pile foundation, it is important to take into account the fact that there is no solid supporting surface in the structure. This causes known difficulties when using materials for small-format walls. The existing problem is solved by the binding of screw piles, for which several technologies can be used. The correctness of this procedure directly affects the strength qualities of the finished building.

The reliability of the entire building will depend on the strength of the pile foundation. Source kursremonta.ru

Why do you need a strapping

The function of the strapping is performed by the upper element of the base - the grillage, for the arrangement of which you can use several methods (the choice depends on what the house is built from). The grillage cannot be considered mandatory structural element pile foundation. Despite this, it is recommended to use it in every case, which guarantees the reliability and stability of the structure.

The grillage performs the following functions:

Distributes the load on the piles evenly. This is especially true in situations where, due to the nature of the soil, the supports have different immersion depths. This state of affairs can cause distortions and shrinkage of the building. Thanks to the grillage, the risk of such situations is minimized.

Creates general design from separate piles. After that, the supports cease to "live their own lives", forming a reliable frame for the house. As a result, the spatial rigidity of the structure and its service life are doubled.

Ties the foundation around the perimeter. A shallow and recessed grillage helps to increase the area of ​​support on the ground and creates protection for the underground zone from influences from the street.

Diagram of a pile foundation with a shallow grillage Source pobudova.in.ua

On our website you can find contacts construction companies that offer a foundation repair service. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Foundation piping is classified according to the type of material used:

Wooden from a bar. Used in the construction of wooden frame houses and buildings from a bar. The arrangement procedure is cheap and can be done alone or with one assistant.

Boardwalk. This is how small wooden and frame buildings are equipped. For the construction of the grillage, the so-called. a composite beam of several wooden planks.

Metallic. A channel grillage is able to provide stability for a two- or three-story wooden house.

Reinforced concrete. This design demonstrates the greatest reliability and durability, and can be used in capital construction. During the arrangement, the concrete solution is poured into a pre-assembled formwork equipped with a reinforcing mesh.

The lining of the pile foundation with a bar is most popular in the construction country houses and cottages. This is especially true for regions with a harsh climate and permafrost.

The wooden strapping is used only for frame structures and houses from a bar Source postroifundament.ru

Selection of material

The pile foundation grillage is most often equipped with a 200 × 150 mm bar. If the house being built has impressive dimensions, then it is better to strap it with a bar of 200 × 200 mm. Using the material 200 × 150 mm, it must be laid on the heads with a narrow part. Thus, the strapping beam will have a height of 200 mm.

Head base preparation

For the convenience of subsequent construction procedures, the tops of the piles are equipped with special square plates (heads) measuring 250x250 cm.

They need to be properly prepared:

Drill several holes (usually 3-4 pieces). They facilitate the procedure for attaching a wooden trim with plumbing screws. The size of the screws is 10x120 mm.

To fasten the strapping on the heads, holes are made for self-tapping screws Source svaybur.ru

Carry out waterproofing of the heads with roofing material or innovative bituminous material... When cutting out pieces for each head, a margin of 20 mm per side is made: this makes fixing easier.

Thanks to the waterproofing gaskets, the wooden elements of the strapping are protected from the damaging effects of moisture. Its source is condensation that forms on a cold metal surface during temperature fluctuations. Every effort should be made to keep the wood dry at all times.

A waterproofing layer between the headboard sole and the bar prevents condensed moisture from penetrating the harness. This significantly increases its service life and prevents rotting. To prevent slipping of the waterproofing sheets, the base of the head is smeared with bituminous mastic.

Waterproofing between the head and the timber is required, otherwise, due to exposure to moisture, the piping can quickly "wear out" Source stroy-dom-pravilno.ru

Fastening the bars

To facilitate installation, a preliminary layout of the timber is used around the perimeter of the entire structure. This makes it possible to comply with all design parameters for strapping the foundation with a bar. The laid beams must have a right angle of connection with each other. To check the perpendicularity, the diagonals of the corner sections are measured - they must be identical.

The order of installation of a bar:

The starting point for the installation is to select the fasteners in the areas where the beams intersect with each other.

Docking of the timber is usually done "in a half-hull". Less commonly, a more reliable paw joint can be used. To ensure a tight fit of the timber, its ends must be cut off as evenly as possible. The connecting sections are additionally coated with wood glue.

The timber is fastened to the bottom of the heads with self-tapping screws with a hex head, which makes it possible to screw them in from below. The screw-in procedure is facilitated by pre-drilling the small diameter holes at the fixing points. A socket wrench is used to tighten the self-tapping screws.

The beam inside the perimeter of the grillage is also cut into the "half-frame". Before this, the timber is equipped with grooves in the connecting sections.

The connection of the grillage beams at the corners of the foundation perimeter Source stroyfora.ru

After that, it is trimmed to a part of the end, which plunges into the main harness. It is necessary to ensure that the cut-in fragment enters the inside of the equipped seat as tightly as possible.

Additional mount

For reliability, the elements of the connecting nodes are additionally fastened with steel brackets from a metal bar with a diameter of 8 mm. This must be done when the length of the self-tapping screws is not enough to firmly fasten thick beams. The place where the brackets are installed is the upper part of the beam, opposite the connecting nodes. The sharp ends of the fastening must be driven into solid sections of the timber, which are not equipped with half-tree grooves.

It is not always easy to completely hammer a bracket 8 mm thick into wood, therefore this procedure is carried out as follows:

Marking is applied. To do this, it is enough to attach the fasteners to the surface of the beam and circle them with a marker.

A groove with a depth of 10 and a width of 8 mm is cut along the marking line.

Points on the surface where the legs will sink are equipped with holes with a diameter of 5-6 mm. This will prevent the timber from cracking when driving the staple.

Holes and grooves must be treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Clogged staples should not rise above the surface of the beam Source zen.yandex.ru

The staples are driven in. They must be immersed in the surface of the timber flush

At the intersection of two beams, a "half-tree" docking is used. Self-tapping screws are screwed here from below. The staples to be hammered from above (4 pcs.) Should form a square shape.

The installed brackets should not protrude above the common surface, otherwise this will create difficulties for subsequent construction work.

Video description

About the features of the strapping of the pile foundation in detail in the following video:

Checking the horizontal structure

When the lumbering of the screw piles is completed, a check is carried out finished structure horizontal. To do this, use a water or building level. The permissible diagonal difference between opposite corners is no more than 5 mm. All parameters of the finished strapping must exactly correspond to the instructions in project documentation... The observed errors must be taken into account during the construction of wall structures.

Checking the horizontal position is a mandatory step, bypassing it you can get a lot of problems with the house in the future Source vse-pro-stroyku.sqicolombia.net

Outcome

The pile foundation makes it possible not to depend on the characteristics of the soil and the climatic conditions of the region. If it comes on the construction of the lung frame house, pile strapping is usually performed using a bar.

The pile-screw foundation remains one of the most popular solutions for individual construction due to its accessibility, simplicity and stability, even on "floating" soils. However, in order for your home to be even more comfortable and does not require repairs as long as possible, you need to make its base even stronger and more durable. For this, operations such as tying and closing screw piles are performed.

What is the difference between strapping a pile foundation and closing?

Inexperienced builders often confuse screw pile tying with foundation closure. While these two steps in the process of building a home base are related in some way, they serve slightly different purposes.

Strapping involves combining the heads of screw piles already installed in the ground into a single structure along the entire perimeter of the foundation and along the contour where they will be erected interior walls buildings.

The absence of strapping, which is done with a bar, board, channel and other materials, will lead to the fact that an uneven load will be exerted on each pile. The consequence of this will be the rapid destruction of the foundation, which will simply "float".

Closing screw piles gives the structure a more aesthetic appearance and minimizes heat loss. After all, since the foundation is not monolithic and there is open space under the house, the floor in such a building is unlikely to be warm enough.

Many modern materials are used for closure.

Strapping options

Pile lining

Owners of relatively light structures - wooden or frame-panel boards - should give preference to this particular type of strapping. A grillage from a bar cannot be called very durable, but for such a construction it is the most suitable and affordable option.

The foundation, tied with a bar.

Often used for strapping a beam made of wood conifers, since its cost is several times less than similar products made of hardwood, and the differences in performance are minimal.

Before installing the grillage, special antiseptic compounds must be applied to the timber to prevent the destruction of wood under the influence of atmospheric factors, and covered with a bituminous waterproofing layer. The latter gives the timber water-repellent properties.

When tying a pile-screw foundation with a bar, do the following:

The pile head is mounted after leveling (cutting) the pile and after pouring concrete into it (if necessary).

1. Carefully align the installed piles so that the pillars are exactly at the same level.
2. Heads are mounted on piles.
3. Waterproofing the material.
4. On the bar, which falls on the joints of the corners of the house, grooves are cut the right size for the subsequent connection of wooden parts to each other.
5. The beam is laid out on the pile heads along the perimeter along the entire contour of the foundation so that the joints of the isolated parts of the grillage are fastened together on the heads. At the same time, the joints are laid with a bundle for better sealing.
6. Align the grillage and carefully check the angle: it should not deviate from 90 degrees.
7. The timber is fixed on the pile heads by means of self-tapping screws.

Planking piles

When installing the pile foundation, the boarding has a number of indisputable advantages compared to a bar:

1. When carrying out work cracks may appear in a bar with too large a cross-section or it deforms significantly.
2. For the manufacture of beams timber longer than 6 m is not suitable due to the serious problems that may arise while doing this.
3. Timber beams are heavy enough, therefore, a whole team of workers will be required to install them. At the same time, a beam of boards is made right next to the foundation, which is much easier.
4. Plank beams do not require additional drying and are distinguished by increased strength compared to their counterparts from a bar.

The binding of screw piles using a board is performed according to the following algorithm:

1. Between the pile heads and the strapping itself, a waterproofing moisture-proof layer is necessarily made, often of high quality roofing material.

The photo clearly shows the waterproofing of the head from the harness, as well as the bed.

There is another way to strap the board. The boards are glued together and additionally fastened with screws and nails. If the thickness of the boards is small, you can lay them with plywood for greater strength. During installation, it is important to separate the joining points of the boards into different piles and use the proven "half-tree" method.

Piling of piles with a channel (I-beam) or a professional pipe

Metal grillages allow the use of a pile-screw foundation when erecting not only wooden structures, but also buildings made of cinder blocks, foam concrete and gas silicate on one floor.

Sometimes, instead of a channel, an I-beam is used, which is highly resistant to compressive loads and provides greater structural rigidity. I-beams with a section of 20 are often used. In the case of a channel, metal beams with a section of about 30 mm are taken for load-bearing walls, for the rest - with a section of about 20 mm.

The foundation is strapped with a channel or I-beam as follows:

1. The pile posts are installed at the same height and the metal elements of the strapping are treated with an anti-corrosion agent.
2. Metal beams are placed on the piles so that they are connected in the middle of the pile posts. The channel is cut at right angles at the corner joints of the grillage elements.
3. The beams are welded to each other and to the pile heads.

In this photo, the foundation is tied with a channel, and shaped pipe(bottom).

The strapping of the pile foundation with a profiled pipe is made in almost the same way, however, the resistance of such a material to significant mechanical loads may be much less. Of the advantages of the pipe, we note the low cost and low weight.

Pile tying using reinforced concrete grillage

Monolithic reinforced concrete strapping is almost a third cheaper than metal, but it has a number of disadvantages, the main ones being the laboriousness of the installation and the impossibility of continuing construction until the grillage has completely solidified. This usually takes at least a month.

Pile tying using reinforced concrete grillage: the final version.

When tying piles with a reinforced concrete grillage, it is necessary to proceed as follows:

1. The pile posts are placed one level.
2. From the planed boards, formwork is made for further pouring with concrete, which is upholstered from the inside with oilcloth to prevent leaks.

Finished timber formwork on concrete piles.

What is used to cover the pile foundation?

A closed screw-pile foundation is reliable protection from rodents and other animals that can settle in the empty space between the piles. Also, the cladding and finishing of such a base will prevent heat loss in the home and help create a good microclimate there without excess moisture.

The most popular ways to close the pile-screw foundation:

• the creation of a hinged plinth;
• creation of a shallow tape-type base.

For a hinged plinth, thin and not too powerful composite and polymer materials as well as wood. At the same time, the load on the screw piles is minimal, and the simplicity and speed of installation, together with the low cost, often captivates.

Suspended plinth covering the foundation with a professional pipe strapping.

Any type of base finishing on piles requires the mandatory presence of two ventilation holes on opposite walls of the house. This will prevent moisture build-up on the piles and grillage, which will not corrode or rot (in the case of timber).

However, the pile foundation will last longer with a shallow strip plinth, which will provide better protection for the pile frame, ensuring its longevity.

An option for the construction of a shallow basement to protect the pile foundation.

Thermal and waterproofing when closing the plinth

All types of basement finishes involve the arrangement of a heat and waterproofing layer, which is lined with asbestos-cement slabs on top, decorative thermal panels mounted on a crate made of boards or a slate slab, or bricks. All of these materials have their pros and cons:

1. Asbestos cement slabs they do not look very attractive and are very fragile, but they are inexpensive.

Plinth decoration with decorative bricks.

Tying and closing screw piles is a very important stage in the construction of a house, which determines how soon it will need major repairs.

Tying and closing the pile-screw foundation: how to make the base of the house durable?

Due to the availability and the possibility of self-manufacturing, strapping a house with a bar is quite popular. It depends on it how strong and durable it will be new house... Therefore, it is important to know how the strapping is done correctly with a bar.

A strap is a base laid on the foundation on which the house is installed. It protects the building from the negative effects of the environment, therefore, it must have high moisture resistance.

House strapping is also needed to evenly distribute the weight of the building around the perimeter. In columnar and pile foundations, the lathing unites the elements of the foundation into a single structure, called the grillage.

The harness is best done from a material made from coniferous wood. Compared to deciduous species there are advantages:

• longer service life;
• higher strength;
• less moisture permeability;
• lower cost.

Waterproofing

Dampness will form in places where wood comes into contact with concrete due to the temperature difference. This can lead to rotting. To prevent this phenomenon, a layer of waterproofing is laid between the foundation and the tree. It can be made of roofing felt, roofing felts, polyethylene film, laid in several layers. Bitumen is used less often, since its application is more laborious.

The quality of the strapping timber

Strapping timber with a moisture content above 18% cannot be used without preliminary drying, as it deforms after drying. Drying is carried out indoors, as the tree cracks in the sun. The best material for the first crown, laid on the foundation, larch is considered, since it does not rot and is not afraid of moisture.

The prepared material must be treated with a fire retardant to increase fire resistance. Especially if it is made of pine, which contains flammable resins. Antiseptic impregnation will protect against fungal attack and decay.

Laying and fixing

Even during the design, it should be borne in mind that strapping the house with a bar is not eternal. Over time, it will need to be replaced. Therefore, it is necessary to provide for such a method of attaching the timber to the foundation, so that repairs can be made without difficulty after lifting the structure with jacks.

For fixation use:

1. Reinforcing bar dowels are used on strip foundations or slabs. They are laid during the pouring of the foundation. Blind holes are made in the bars, into which the pins will enter by 2/3 of the thickness.
2. Threaded studs are also installed when pouring concrete. Their height must be greater than the thickness of the timber so that the nuts can be tightened.
3. Fastening to piles using plate or U-shaped heads also allows you to change the harness as needed.
4. With a one-piece anchor connection, repairs are not possible. When replacing the strapping, you will have to cut it out in parts. Laying a new base using the same method will not work.
5. If the fastening is made with nails or construction screws, driven / screwed into wooden plugs in the foundation, then this also will not allow replacing the lower crown.

Laying timber on a strip foundation

If there are irregularities on the surface of the concrete, they need to be smoothed or poured. cement screed... Strapping the house with a bar on strip foundation is executed in the following sequence:

1. The foundation is covered with waterproofing. For reliability, it is recommended to cover it with bitumen, and put two layers of roofing material on top.
2. At the ends of the bars, nests are made for or in a bowl between themselves in the corners.
3. Holes are drilled slightly larger than the diameter of the pins or studs.
4. The beam is laid on the foundation, and the horizontal is checked by the building level. Small differences in height are corrected by placing planks.
5. Gaskets and wide washers are put on the studs, the nuts are tightened. The protruding part of the thread is cut off with a grinder.
6. In the corners, adjacent elements are fastened together with nails or self-tapping screws and reinforced with mounting corners.

It also uses a paw or bowl connection and is reinforced with metal plates.

Floor joists are mounted in a convenient way, but with the obligatory support on the foundation. Since metal elements will be inaccessible during operation, they should be coated with an anti-corrosion compound.

When fastening the harness with wooden plugs in the foundation, a material with a high resin content is selected for them. The inner surface of the holes for the plugs is covered with bitumen /

Laying the piping on a pile (screw) foundation

First you need to check the horizontality of the foundation. If some piles turned out to be above the level, they are buried or the excess is cut off. With a slight difference, it is easier to make a cutout in the bar. Gaskets are placed on low supports during installation. Having stretched a string between the piles, the evenness of their installation and the squareness of the foundation are checked.

Then the heads are prepared. If the piles protrude more than 0.5 m above the ground, metal plates with holes for fixing the timber are welded to them. With a low position of the supports, heads are used made of pipe sections with a diameter larger than that of the piles. Plates reinforced with kerchiefs are welded to them.

On straight sections, it is more convenient to use U-shaped heads made from a channel. The beam is laid inward and fixed with self-tapping screws through the holes in the side walls. However, on the corner supports, you will have to install plate heads or weld plates bent at right angles. They need to be placed outside the harness.

Depending on the method of joining the bars, their ends are prepared. After laying the waterproofing, the strapping of the pile foundation with a bar begins from the corner:

• two adjacent beams are laid, then the rest;
• after connecting all the elements, the horizontal and squareness of the strapping is checked again, if necessary, adjustments are made;
• fix the bars on the heads, first at the corners.

It is advisable to put it in the joints. This will eliminate squeaks during foundation shrinkage and thermal expansion of the material. When fastening with self-tapping screws, they must be positioned along the longitudinal axis of the beam. Otherwise, the load distribution will be uneven, which can cause the strapping to break. If it is necessary to splice two bars along the length, the junction should be on the support.

Double strapping the house with a bar

This foundation is made when it is necessary to increase the reliability of the strapping of the pile foundation. It is: to raise the house from behind high humidity soil, for the device of a cellar, etc. Double strapping in comparison with a single strap provides:

• better heat retention;
• high strength, since cuts under the logs can be avoided, which also makes it easier to replace them if necessary.

For the first crown, a bar with a section of 200 × 200 mm is taken and laid in the above way. A second row of material with a size of 100 × 150 mm is mounted on top with overlapping joints (if any) of the first crown. The elements are installed on the end to form a shelf inside the perimeter. Logs are installed on it and fastened with nails.

If desired, the harness can be assembled from staggered boards. This design is stronger than a solid bar for fracture, since wood defects do not coincide in one place. The boards must certainly be fastened with folded nails.

The reliability of the pile-screw foundation, as, indeed, of any other building foundation, depends on adherence to technological recommendations, as well as on the correctness of its geometric parameters. Today we will consider the main points regarding the arrangement of the wooden strapping of the pile-screw foundation. Possible errors, as well as the rules to be compulsory implementation, we learn from the experience of FORUMHOUSE users.

In this article, we will consider the following questions:

• What is the design of the wooden strapping is considered a gross violation of existing technology.
• What is the best way to mount the binding of screw piles - from a solid or from a type-setting bar.
• How to correctly join the timber on the pile heads.
• How to prepare timber for installation on piles.
• In what sequence is the wooden harness mounted?

Suppose that the pile part of the foundation is already ready: the piles are screwed into the ground, the heads are welded, and the deviation of the horizontal level of the screw piles corresponds to the permissible errors. We will not take responsibility for discussing what distance should be between the piles, to what depth they should be screwed into the ground. Also, we will not give advice on a suitable pile diameter. Only professional designers will reasonably answer these questions, who should be contacted for appropriate calculations. To begin with, we want to warn you against a serious mistake, which many non-professional developers are tempted to make.

Removal of load-bearing walls outside the pile foundation

Sometimes private developers try to find solutions that save money on the purchase of building materials and on the work of screwing in additional piles. At the same time, they forget about strength. building structure, which can be broken very rashly.

Here is an example of a gross violation of construction technology, the photo shows a takeaway outer wall outside the pile row.

What can you recommend for people who prioritize questionable savings? The most important thing is not to allow amateur performances, and then everything will work out for you. If building codes provide for the installation of piles under every corner or wall of the future room, then so be it. There is no need to make any overhangs and indents that are not supported under them in the form of a pile firmly screwed into the ground. This will not lead to a reduction in the cost of construction, but it will provide the developer with additional problems.

Guffych FORUMHOUSE user

If you make an overhang or indent, then this structure will hang on the logs. In this case, you will have to make a double strapping from the inside and connect it in some way with the external overhang (so that the structure does not completely disperse). Cheaper (due to savings on piles) will not work, since you will have to spend money on strengthening the lower floor, but this will add specific problems.

If it is planned to attach additional architectural elements to the house (a veranda or, for example, a porch), their corners should also rest on metal piles.

Landlord FORUMHOUSE user

In general, according to the technology of building a pile-screw foundation, piles must be placed under all cuttings, corners and load-bearing walls. This is the most important rule.

A bar or a board - which is better?

Let's talk about what material is best to use to create a wooden trim. Building codes allow for the use of a solid wooden beam(150x150, 150x200 200x200) or a bar made of several boards (50x200). The stacked bar qualitatively replaces the solid bar and even surpasses it in some characteristics. Three boards sewn together replace a 150x200 bar, while four boards are similar to a 200x200 bar.

A beam, one side of which is 200 mm, is laid on the head with the smaller side. In this case, the height of the strapping is equal to 200 mm.

Both options (with a bar and a board) are popular and both are correct. At the same time, having studied the advantages and disadvantages of each material, many developers make their choice in favor of a stitched board.

AlexSpb FORUMHOUSE user

Why would you use a bar 150 * 200? Knock down 3 boards 50 * 200 instead of him and do not suffer with this log. This topic is constantly raised on the forum.

The word "log" was mentioned by the user for a reason. Solid bar is comparatively heavy building material and in conditions of a limited number of working hands to transfer it from place to place (even in conditions of small construction site) will be very difficult. In addition, solid timber does not resist bending well (worse, in any case, than boards placed on the edge), which makes its use less practical.

Boards, unlike timber, must be firmly connected to each other before installing on piles. And these are additional costs, and this, perhaps, is their main disadvantage.

builder FORUMHOUSE user

The boards are hammered together with nails in two rows with a pitch of 20 cm. On each head they are fastened not with one capercaillie, but four.

As for the length of the nails: for a composite beam of three boards (50x200), nails 90 - 120 mm long are sufficient. They make their way from both sides in a checkerboard pattern, as the user builder pointed out. The distance between the nails is 20 ... 45 cm. If the timber is made up of four boards, at first 3 boards are knocked together, then the fourth is attached to them (with the same exact nails).

Now let's talk about the “wood grouses” mentioned in the quote. "Capercaillie" is a fastening element - a self-tapping screw, the head of which is made in the form of a hexagon (under wrench or wrench).

With the help of the "wood grouse", the timber is attached to the pile head (the wood grouse is screwed in from below).

Wood grouse diameter for fastening strapping bar- 8 ... 10 mm, its length - 100 ... 150 mm.

To prevent the timber or composite beams from splitting during screwing of wood grouses, a hole must be pre-drilled in the wood.

A small table will help determine the diameter of the drill.

Beam connection and extension technology

The length of the timber (both solid and composite) rarely corresponds to the distance between the pile heads. In order to fit the beams to the dimensions of the foundation, they have to be cut or stitched together. When building up a bar, you must observe one thing important rule.

Any joints must have a fulcrum underneath. This also applies to type-setting beams and solid timber.

builder

The joints of the boards do not need to be made hanging. Dock the boards on the pile heads.

By splicing the timber in this way, you will increase the consumption of wood, but ensure the strength of the pile strapping.

Splicing the timber on the pile heads also needs to be done correctly. If a solid bar is spliced, then cuts are made on two adjacent beams. On one beam, the upper half of the bar is sawn, on the other - the lower one. After that, both beams are connected to a lock. This connection is called a "half-tree connection".

At first glance, everything looks extremely simple. But there is an important rule for joining two elements of one load-bearing beam: both adjacent beams must rest on the pile head at the point of connection of the load-bearing beams, and not one. Let's start with an example of a wrong connection.

Dimc FORUMHOUSE user

The platform for supporting the beam on the head (at the junction of two purlins) must have a length of at least 90 mm. In the figure, the beams at the junction are "gouged". One has the upper half "stabbed", the other - the lower one. If the beam rests on the pile head only with the "cut" part, then its working section should be taken as the section of only this part. If the bar rests on the head completely (at least 90 mm in length), then everything is correct: the strapping will work like a solid bar.

In this case, the run is a supporting beam in the harness of a frame house.

This rule also applies to trim gussets. Here are examples of the correct joining of the bar.

Basic connection diagrams of the timber (top view).

In order for the beam to have a sufficient support area, the pile heads must initially have dimensions corresponding to the cross-section of the beam.

The question naturally arises: how to lay a bar at the junction of several beams (for example, if three beams are joined at once on one head)? Here's what our user experience suggests.

Dimc

Beam abutments can be arranged in two ways. In the first case (when all beams are load-bearing), in order to provide a sufficient support area, it is necessary to increase the head. In the second (when only one beam is the carrier), we put the supporting beam on the head, and the auxiliary one can be attached to the suspension - such a detail (in fastening stores it is called the "beam holder").

Increase support platform is performed according to the following scheme:

With the correct placement of the piles, even the auxiliary beams will have several support points, which will make the foundation structure strong enough.

If the design of the strapping is approached more rationally, if, where possible, beams of small width are used, then there should be no problems with the construction of the correct abutments. Here is an example of strapping a frame house.

Dimc

I designed the harness as follows: the purlins (main structural beams), marked with green arrows, are structural. The outer beams consist of 3 boards 50x200, the middle one consists of 4 boards 50x200. And the beams marked with yellow arrows are auxiliary (not load-bearing) and consist of 1 board 50x200. They serve to increase the overall rigidity of the structure.

Stacked load-bearing beams (plank beams) at the abutment points must also have a sufficient support area. We present to your attention examples of the correct connections of the typesetting bar in various sections of the strapping.

Preparing timber for installation on piles

Preparing the harness for installation on piles consists in processing wood with antiseptic compounds, as well as cutting off workpieces of the required length. For antiseptic treatment, bioprotective compounds are best suited, at the same time capable of performing the functions of a primer. You can get acquainted with the recommendations of developers regarding the use of certain protective compounds here.

Some developers strive to dry the timber to optimum moisture content before installing the strapping. What should be the moisture content of the timber used for the construction of the strapping? Experienced FORUMHOUSE users believe that if the wood has a marketable appearance, if its moisture content does not differ beyond extreme values, then it is better to use it for the construction of the strapping in the form in which it was purchased. And drying a board or timber at home will do more harm than good.

Kedruchu FORUMHOUSE user

It is necessary to dry the timber in a special chamber, and not behind a shed or under a film. The harness is built immediately after the purchase of wood, and it dries already inside the building structure. All that had time to lie down before the construction, then only for firewood is good, alas.

This advice is for those who do not want to get a timber twisted in all possible directions after inept drying.

The sequence of construction and fastening of the harness

First of all, the timber, impregnated with an antiseptic and cut in accordance with the previously thought out markings, is laid out on the pile heads. The cuts and grooves in the wood are also made in advance.

After that, you can proceed to the most crucial stage - to align the strapping along the diagonals and along the length of the beam.

Remember: it is normal to make mistakes when screwing in piles. The pile heads by 1-2 cm can be shifted away from the straight line, but the piping that is installed on them must have a perfectly flat geometry.

If you have a rhombus at the base of the house (instead of a clear rectangle or square), then you will never be able to align the walls and roof of the house. It is for this reason that the focus should be on the geometry of the strapping, and not on the alignment of the heads.

The diagonals of the harness, which have been laid but not yet secured to the piles, need to be checked and leveled several times. Only then can the timber be fixed at the corner points of the pile foundation.

After fixing the corners, you should check the geometry of the side and internal beams. To do this, use a rope stretched between the corners along each side of the harness.

The side and inner beams should be fully attached to the pile heads one by one, checking them for displacements away from the straight line.

Leo060147 FORUMHOUSE user

Do I need to put anything between the heads and the timber during the construction of the harness? There is no point in such waterproofing. Unlike concrete or other porous materials, metal has no capillaries. Therefore, capillary moisture from its surface cannot get onto the timber or any other material in any way.

For those who wish to learn from people wise by experience, we recommend visiting the appropriate topic open for discussion on our portal. An article about how to help you save well on time-consuming construction activities. And a video about how important functions the pile piping is designed to perform will be interesting for everyone who plans to start building a wooden house in the near future.