What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

Smoke in the premises is extremely dangerous for the life and health of people who can get severe poisoning from smoke and carbon monoxide with severe or irreversible consequences. To prevent this from happening, in the complex of measures for fire protection of buildings, one of the mandatory components is a smoke protection system, which is a special system of supply and exhaust ventilation... Our company "Alfa-Project" will design smoke ventilation systems for you at a highly professional level.

The design of the smoke exhaust system must take into account all the necessary requirements in accordance with the regulatory documentation. The provision of non-toxic parameters of the air environment during the evacuation of people and cleaning the premises from harmful impurities in the air depends on the competent drafting of the project. We always warn our customer that any subsequent reconstruction of the premises requires a change in the remote control system, since it significantly affects the quality of smoke extraction and requires a recalculation of the project.

For more information on the development of a smoke removal (DU) project and the procedure for performing work, please call 211 11 22 , via the online form

WHAT IS A FUME PROJECT?

The smoke protection system (smoke removal, DU) is a complex of organizational measures, space-planning solutions, engineering systems and technical means, aimed at preventing or limiting the danger of smoke pollution of buildings, structures and structures in case of fire.

Smoke removal (DU) is a controlled gas exchange of the internal volume of a building in the event of a fire in one of its rooms, preventing a damaging effect on people and material values ​​of the spreading combustion products, which cause an increased content of toxic components, an increase in temperature and a change in the optical density of the air environment. Smoke exhaust systems can be with artificial and natural induction:

1. Exhaust with artificial induction (smoke ventilation) is carried out through special shafts from non-combustible material, with a standardized fire resistance limit of their fences, which is carried out using valves and forced exhaust, while smoke removal provides for automatic opening of valves in case of fire and switching on fans from detectors fire alarm installed in the building or remotely from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.
2. In smoke extraction systems with natural induction (exhaust ventilation), it is carried out through special devices: smoke hatches, smoke shafts with smoke valves that open automatically when triggered fire-fighting automation, through openable not blown out lanterns.

Design stages of the smoke exhaust section

The design process includes the following steps:
• determination of the list of premises, corridors to be equipped with remote control systems, selection of premises for installation of the remote control system, determination of the list of staircases and lift shafts that require external air supply;
• examination of available ventilation shafts for suitability as smoke extraction systems;
• calculation of remote control systems and air pressurization for the installation of ventilation equipment of the required parameters;
• providing the customer with working drawings of the control system, specifications of equipment and materials for approval.

Design of smoke exhaust for industrial buildings
When designing the remote control of industrial buildings, you can choose any of two systems - mechanical or natural. In the first version, special axial, radial (centrifugal) and roof fans are used, the systems have a branched network of air ducts and separate fire zones. As for the natural method of smoke removal, in this case, windows that are located higher than a person's height or fire-prevention skylights with opening ventilation hatches are used.

Design of smoke exhaust for civil buildings
Dimensions of areas country houses and cottages are significantly smaller than industrial ones. Therefore, ventilation and smoke removal is carried out using automatic window openers, which react to a dangerous fire situation, rain, wind, heat and can open and close themselves.

The composition of the smoke removal project (DU)

• Explanatory note;
• Calculation of smoke removal systems;
• Calculation of air pressurization systems;
• Selection of ventilation equipment, including valves, air ducts, fans, etc .;
• Axonometric diagrams;
• Hardware Specification;

The list of initial data for the development of control systems:

• Section AR. Architectural and space-planning solutions.
• Subsection HVAC. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
• Section PPM, BCH. Measures to ensure fire safety.

Normative documents for the smoke removal project:

• Federal law of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2008. No. 123-FZ. Technical regulations on fire safety requirements;
• GOST R 53300-2009. Smoke protection of buildings and structures. Methods of acceptance and periodic tests;
• GOST R 53301-2009. Fire-prevention valves for ventilation systems. Fire resistance test method;
• GOST R 53296-2009. Installation of elevators in buildings and structures. Fire safety requirements;
• GOST R 53299-2009. Air ducts. Fire resistance test method;
• SP 7.13130.2009. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning. Fire safety requirements.

The cost of developing a smoke exhaust project

For each order, we find the most optimal technical solution that best fits into the customer's budget. The cost of designing a smoke exhaust system and you can get answers to other questions by phone 211 11 22 at any time convenient for you, or with the help on-line applications or send a request by e-mail and we will contact you.

Smoke ventilation project for the Detsky Mir store. The archive contains a method for calculating smoke ventilation and the calculation itself.

According to MDS 41-1.99, it is planned to remove smoke through the KPDV-1 fire dampers of the FAKEL company (Russia) and then through the attached smoke exhaust shaft. Mine design see drawings 051-04 - AP. On top of the smoke exhaust shaft, roof smoke exhaust fans are installed.

Smoke is emitted above the roof. Smoke is emitted directly from the fans of the VD1 and VD2 systems.

Fans of the project of anti-smoke ventilation adopted roof centrifugal, intended for work when pullingsmoke with temperatures up to + 400 ° C, type VRKV6 and VRKV9 from VEZA Co LTD (Russia).

Fans PD4 and PD5 for back-up are installed in the atticin a separately fenced-off room. Outside air is distributed by a network of air ducts through the attic and through the 3rd floor is supplied directly to the elevator shafts for back-pressure. The fans are centrifugal, type BP by VEZA Co LTD (Russia).

To support the vestibule locks in front of the elevators in the basement of the building, the supply air installations PD-1, PD-2, PD-3, PD-6 type SK of the company "OSTBERG" - Sweden.

common data

Smoke ventilation. Basement plan. View-A.

Smoke ventilation. Copy of the plan of the 1st floor. Copy of the roof plan.

Smoke ventilation. Copy of the plan of the 3rd floor. Section 1-1.

Smoke ventilation. Copy of the plan of the attic.

Smoke ventilation. Section 2-2.

Smoke ventilation. Schemes of the VD-1, VD-2, PD-1 - PD-6 systems.

Attached calculations.

Aerodynamic calculation of smoke exhaust and backpressure.

Smoke extraction calculation.

Calculation of the removed smoke.

Backwater calculation.

Examples of calculating smoke ventilation in word and exel.

The smoke exhaust system is the most important element in organizing fire protection of any room, creating conditions for the safe evacuation of people in the event of smoke and fire. This is the basis of any fire safety system at the facility and must be present in all buildings, regardless of their purpose.

Smoke can be blown out through opened window, transom or window. But, only light smoke can be dealt with this way. For more complex cases, a full-fledged room ventilation system is needed, which can remove both smoke and "excess" temperature outside the building. It is worth remembering that carbon monoxide and other constituents of smoke cause much more harm to human health than the fire itself. Therefore, the smoke exhaust system is an indispensable element of a fire system serving communal or residential buildings.

Design at EuroHolod is:

• Cost optimization
• Energy efficiency
• Qualification
• A complex approach

The main task of smoke exhaust systems- removal of smoke in case of fires, reduction of material damage in case of fires, prevention of the formation of human casualties.

When a fire alarm is triggered, fire ventilation is activated. The smoke exhaust system begins to actively remove combustion products and smoke from the fire site, as well as prevent their spread to other areas of the room. Back-pressure fans direct fresh air fire and main exits, stairwells and elevators.

In the absence of a smoke extraction system, toxic fumes accumulate in the building and pose a potential hazard.

When designing a smoke exhaust system, our specialists will accurately calculate all the necessary parameters, help you choose quality equipment suitable price category and make a smoke exhaust system comfortable in operation.

Upon completion design work Customer gets all the necessary documentation for installation work.

About designing

Design is a whole complex of works on the calculation of various engineering systems in order to achieve a balanced work while maintaining the basic design parameters of the object, assessing the required quantity, quality and range of equipment, drawing up working diagrams, drawings, lists of equipment and justifying the choice of a particular technical solution.

According to the results of numerous studies, it has been established that the working capacity of people, the feeling of comfort to a greater extent depend on such microclimate parameters as:

A normal microclimate is ensured by competently executed projects, high-quality equipment and professional installation.

The smoke exhaust system project is drawn up on the basis of building codes and regulations, where minimum requirements to the fire ventilation system.

Normative documents determine the capabilities of the smoke exhaust system:

• the maximum number of people in the room;
• the area of ​​the serviced building.

The main regulatory document in the design of smoke exhaust systems - guidelines"Calculated determination of the main parameters of smoke ventilation of buildings" FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia from 2008

Design must be oriented based on the use of equipment that will reliable in work, simple in operation and with high maintainability.

It is best to plan engineering systems at the stage of object design or renovation. In this case, all communications and equipment can be correctly placed, competently integrated all engineering systems and coordinated with the design project.

Advantages of Integrated Design

• A comprehensive solution in which all sections of engineering systems are coordinated with each other, taken into account and combined into a single whole: project design, ventilation and smoke removal, air conditioning and heating systems, automation, water supply and sewerage, fire alarm, fire extinguishing, low-current systems, heat supply, electric lighting and dr.
• Reduction of financial investments
• Reducing risks
• Saving time and terms of work on the object

A high-quality project of engineering systems, developed by professionals, is the key to the success of the entire implementation of the project as a whole. Specialist s of the design department of the company "EuroHolod", experienced designers, ready you in the shortest possible time to prepare a project for you, taking into account all the features of your facility, your wishes and the most relevant and technically interesting solutions in the field of engineering systems.

Smoke exhaust system operation

The smoke exhaust system is not used to extinguish a fire. Its main goal is to ensure the evacuation of people from the building, and in particular, to ensure smoke-free premises, corridors and stairs. In a fire, the worst thing is not the fire, but the smoke. Carbon monoxide or "carbon monoxide" in doses of 0.4% is fatal. For 2-5 minutes of exposure to a dense layer of smoke, a person loses consciousness.

PROBLEM No. 1. Ensure smoke-free escape routes from the building;
PROBLEM No. 2. Provide access for fire departments.

The smoke exhaust system (syn. Anti-smoke ventilation) is an exhaust and combined intake smoke ventilation. In the design standards until 2009, supply smoke ventilation was not installed, but in practice, the monstrous volumes of exhaust air led to the suction of the doors and made it difficult to evacuate.Therefore, in 2013, the norms were supplemented.

To date (2018), supply smoke ventilation is required! The main task of the inflow is to compensate for the removed air. We supply fresh air only for evacuating people, there is no question of extinguishing a fire.

The exhaust smoke ventilation system only removes 18,000 to 30,000 m3 / h of air from one corridor. This air volume is comparable to general ventilation in an office building with an area of ​​3,000 m2 or more. This volume of air can be used for breathing from 400 to 700 people.

When is smoke extraction required?

There is very little information on the Internet about where exactly the smoke ventilation system is needed.
Smoke extraction standards are written in complex language and are scattered across different regulatory documents. In this section, I have collected the most important information. You just have to go through the list and understand - is a smoke ventilation system required in your particular case?

Exhaust smoke ventilation (smoke exhaust) system required:

1. from corridors and halls of any buildings more than 9 floors, except for production;

2. from the corridors in the basement and basement floors any buildings where there are premises with a constant presence of people on these floors;
For example, smoke extraction is required from the corridor basement floor residential building where offices or workshops are located. Moreover, if the exit from such an office occurs immediately to the street, smoke removal is not required.

3. from corridors more than 15 meters long without opening external windows;
Exhaust from such corridors is not required in single-storey buildings and industrial buildings with non-flammable substances... It is also not required if there are no permanent workplaces in all rooms of this corridor, and the doors from the rooms are made in a smoke and gas tight design.

4. from atriums and passages ;

5. from warehouses with shelf storage more than 5.5 meters high, where materials that can burn and ignite are stored;

6.from production and storage facilities, but only with the constant presence of people, where materials that can burn and ignite are used;

The permanent stay of people is more than 6 hours a day or 2 hours continuously during the day.

7. from production and storage facilities with constant presence of people, in wooden buildings, or buildings made of other combustible materials;

8. from the premises without opening outer eyen with an area of ​​more than 50 m 2:
8.1 with a massive stay of people, mBulk stay - there is more than 1 person per 1 m 2 of free space. For example: meeting rooms, classrooms, dining rooms, theater and cinema auditoriums. Relevant for all rooms where there are a lot of people and few windows. Often they order a project for smoke removal from the dining room of the restaurant in the basement together with the project.
8.2 c permanent workplaces where combustible materials are used or stored. For instance: reading rooms, book depositories, exhibitions or archives without opening windows

9. from the premises without opening external windows regardless of the area:
9.1 trade halls of shops;
9.2 offices;
9.3 dressing rooms with an area of ​​more than 200 m 2.

Exhaust not required from sales rooms (9.1), offices (9.2), if the premises are less than 800 m2 located on the 1st floor residential building or attached to a residential building and has access directly to the street, while from the farthest room to the exit there should be no more than 25 m.
For example: If the office is less than 800 m 2, but from the farthest room to the exit is more than 25 m, smoke removal will be required.

9.4 road and communication tunnels when connected to the underground floors of the building.

10. from any covered car parks , as well as isolated ramps for vehicles to enter the floors.

11. from any premises with access to smoke-free staircases , regardless of their area and the presence of opening windows.For example, a corridor is less than 15 meters, but the exit from it is through a smoke-free staircase. In this case, we make a smoke exhaust system in the corridor, and the inflow into the stairs.

A smoke-free staircase is an internal staircase for evacuating people in case of fire in buildings over 9 floors (or more than 28 meters high).It is necessary that the room in question fully complies with all the conditions listed in the paragraph. If some requirement for the room is not met, smoke removal is not required.

Supply smoke ventilation system

Supply smoke ventilation system - compensation system.
The main goal is to ensure the free opening of escape doors. The air supply of such a system is carried out to the lower part of the room, i.e. to a part of the room below the upper cutoff of the doorway.

The following can be used as an inflow to compensate for mechanical anti-smoke ventilation systems:

• external windows in the lower parts of the premises with automatic drives;
• openings in the outer walls and shafts with valves;
• mechanical support (using a fan).

The first way it is used extremely rarely for the reason that it creates the possibility of "beneficial misunderstanding" on the part of the inspection authorities.

Second way it is used more often, but it has one difficulty - the huge dimensions of the mine. In foreign standards, the size of the smoke exhaust shaft is calculated from the air speed of no more than 1.5 m / s, and in Russian standards, 5-6 m / s is allowed. In the case of using such a shaft, for example, to compensate for smoke exhaust from the corridor, we get the size of the duct, at least 1000x600 mm. The height of the air duct laid under the ceiling, namely 600 mm, will complicate the laying of adjacent communications and will greatly lower the final ceiling.

The third way- mechanical support with the help of a fan - more convenient, but also a little expensive.

In this case, the dimensions of the ducts will be significantly smaller, say 800x400 mm. There are no restrictions on air speed in mechanical systems of smoke control ventilation, and there cannot be. The system works only in case of fire, therefore it is not taken into account in the general balance of electricity consumption.

In the case of mechanical support, we will have to buy a fan, equip it with an automation cabinet and a frequency converter in accordance with GOST R 53302-2009, but this is a more reliable option than all the others.

Can not use opening of external doors and gates as an inflow; escape doors must be equipped with self-closing devices. This derogation is only possible in the case of atriums and passages.

Can be used as compensation for the usual general ventilation, but in practice this is not convenient. Firstly, the volumes of supply air in general exchange and smoke control ventilation differ by an order of magnitude, which leads to an increase in the cost of ventilation equipment.Secondly, the requirements for the ventilation system are becoming more stringent and must comply with the requirements of the anti-smoke ventilation system.
It is cheaper to make two separate independent systems.

What will happen if you do not make a smoke exhaust compensation system.

WITHwatch the video below.

Exhaust smoke ventilation system

The choice of the system directly depends on the number of storeys in the building.In one-story buildings, it is allowed to design a natural smoke exhaust system, i.e. self-opening valves in the roof and transoms.In buildings over 1 floor - a mechanical smoke ventilation system.

It is necessary to constructively divide the room into smoke zones, each with an area of ​​up to 3000 m2. Each zone has its own separate system. Otherwise, smoke spreads over the ceiling of such a huge room. The temperature of the smoke decreases, and therefore the gravitational pressure also decreases. The norm is not negotiable.

Natural smoke extraction

In a natural smoke exhaust system, as in any natural engineering system there is one big minus and one big plus. The advantage is that the system is passive, i.e. does not require large capital costs, does not consume electricity and has a minimum of working mechanisms that should be checked and maintained. And the minus is in ensuring the stable operation of such a system.

The regulations oblige us to provide wind protection for these roof valves and transoms, which we cannot guarantee at all.

Natural smoke extraction does not require a compensation system. The calculation of the natural smoke exhaust system is carried out depending on the shape of the room, the type of fire load (what exactly is on fire), the area and the possible location of the fire center.

The natural smoke exhaust system is used only in one-story buildings: warehouses, warehouse-type shopping centers, production workshops. The equipment of such a system in buildings with more than one storey is prohibited.

Mechanical smoke extraction system (roof fan and wall fan)

The mechanical smoke exhaust system is powered by an exhaust fan. Usually smoke exhaust fans are of 2 types - roof and wall. Both fans perform the same role, but in completely different situations.

Installed on top of a smoke exhaust shaft on the roof and removes smoke from all floors of the building, throwing it vertically upwards. The difficulty of installing such a fan lies in the complexity of the construction of the mounting frame. For a long time, ready-made mounting frames for such fans were not produced and an additional section of the design documentation had to be developed, in which the dimensions of such a structure were calculated. The second difficulty is in the type of fans.

The roof fan is intended for installation on a mine and must be located at a height of 2 meters from the roof, or at a lower height, but in this case, it is necessary to make the roof only from non-combustible materials.

The most simple solution for placing smoke exhaust fans on the roof, I think, axial roof fans, or duct smoke exhaust fans. They do not affect the waterproofing of the roof in any way. It does not require the installation of additional shafts and frames.

The air ducts of smoke ventilation systems can be made of any kind of steel, but with a fire retardant coating. You can use both welded and seamed and spiral-wound air ducts with the only requirement: the thickness of the steel sheet is at least 0.8 mm.

Wall fan, unlike the rooftop, is local, i.e. can work on a specific floor, and eject combustion products through the grate on the facade of the building. This makes it possible not to lay air ducts through all floors to the roof and not to equip an exhaust shaft. The fan is located on the outer wall of the floor, either from the street or indoors.

For smoke exhaust from parking lots, large retail areas, wall fans are most likely not suitable. The maximum flow rate of the removed air is 35,000-38,000 m 3 / h. But for smoke extraction from corridors, small office and retail space- great idea.

How to avoid installing a smoke exhaust system?

The main problem with the system is its size and cost. The minimum cross-section of the smoke exhaust duct is 800x500 mm or 1000x300 mm, both sizes are extremely rare. There are a number of measures that legally compensate for the smoke exhaust system, i.e. excludes the requirements for its installation.

− Common decision ... Justify the absence of smoke removal by calculating fire risks. The calculation does not apply to apartment buildings, childcare facilities and medical hospitals.
− For any premises up to 200 m 2 ... Equip an automatic fire extinguishing system. Including possible equipment modular system, which is less costly and practical.
− For sales areas, offices and corridors over 15 m ... Add to a recreational space with outdoor opening windows.
− For exhibition rooms, archives, workshops and book depositories(if point 2 does not fit)- to justify the refusal of the smoke exhaust system by the absence of permanent jobs in accordance with the project of architectural solutions.

Algorithm for starting the smoke exhaust system

The smoke exhaust fire system must be activated from three independent signals:
- from the "Fire" button from the security console;
- from the "Fire" button installed in the corridors on the escape routes;
- from the actuation of two or more fire detectors in one specific zone (on the same floor).

Smoke exhaust systems start-up procedure:

Turning on the system from one of 3 independent signals;
sound notification of people about a fire alarm;
shutdown of systems of general ventilation, air conditioning and air-thermal curtains. Closing the fire dampers on the ventilation system;
lowering the elevator to the 1st floor of the building and opening the doors;
starting the fan and opening the exhaust smoke ventilation valves;
starting the fan and opening the valves of the supply and smoke control ventilation (20-30 seconds after the exhaust).

There is no point in exhausting smoke from underground passages.

Smoke exhaust design

You can order a smoke removal project from me without intermediaries. I will go to the site and design the system.
The cost of working documentation for smoke removal is from 25,000 rubles. (for remote control from corridors) up to 75,000 rubles. (for remote control apartment buildings and small shopping centers).
Strictly in accordance with the smoke exhaust design standards SP 7.13130.2013, SP 5.13130.2009, SP 2.13130.2012.
The calculation is carried out according to the methods of R NP "AVOK" 5.1.5-2015 and VNIIPO 2013
My contacts + 7-963-729-71-20 (Alexey)

Our design organization has developed documentation for the back-pressure and smoke exhaust ventilation of the PD and DU in the business center.

DESIGN OF EXHAUST AND SUPPORT

1. Functional purpose of anti-smoke ventilation of the facility

In accordance with the design space-planning solutions and the current regulatory fire safety requirements, through the smoke ventilation of the object in question, the following main functions must be performed:

Removal of combustion products from the storage rooms of vehicles in the underground parking lot;

Removal of combustion products from isolated ramps of the underground car park;

Removal of combustion products from common corridors of technical, service

premises located on the underground and lower aboveground floors;

Removal of combustion products from the common corridor of service premises (security, control room) located on the lower above-ground floor;

Removal of combustion products from the common corridors of the offices of the 14-storey aboveground part;

Removal of combustion products from the common corridors of the apart-hotel of the 7-storey overground part;

Outside air supply to the lower part of the storage rooms of vehicles in the underground parking lot to compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from them;

Outside air supply from insulated ramps from the side of the underground parking lot storage rooms, as well as to the lower part of these ramps to compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from them;

Outside air supply to the lower part of the common corridors of technical, office and technological premises "zone Catering», To replace the combustion products removed from them;

Outside air supply to the lower part of the lobby, a two-level hall of the 14-storey above-ground part to compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from them;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in the vestibule-sluices at the exit to the stairwells from the storage rooms of the underground parking lot cars;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in the vestibule-sluices separating the storage rooms for underground parking vehicles from other premises (including personnel premises, pumping rooms);

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in the elevator lobbies connected with the storage rooms of the underground parking lot;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in elevator shafts that have stops at the floors of the underground parking lot (with exits through the elevator halls to the car storage rooms) and the lower above-ground floor;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in elevator shafts that have stops in the 7-storey aboveground part;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in the elevator shafts, which have stops in the 14-storey above-ground part;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in the common corridors of the offices of the 7-storey aboveground part;

Outside air supply to create excess pressure in stairwells communicating with the common corridors of the offices of the 14-storey aboveground part.

To eliminate the dependence on the seasonally changing parameters of the outdoor air environment and, as a consequence, to increase the efficiency of the anti-smoke ventilation of this object, systems should be provided, mainly with mechanical induction of traction.

The project envisaged the use of a two-tier car parking using lifting and slewing mechanisms predetermines the need to intensify the design modes of action of both exhaust and supply smoke ventilation, designed to protect the storage rooms of vehicles in the underground parking lot. At the same time, the parameters of the corresponding systems should be linked to the predicted heat release power of the fire source ("doubled" up to 10 MW heat release power in a two-tier parking according to the condition of ignition of both vehicles stored one above the other), and the elements of the performance of these systems should be brought in line with the row significant distinctive features, including: the increased number of smoke intake devices, the placement of the latter in a limited sub-ceiling space (within the relatively thin smoke layer formed) and the distribution of compensating air intake devices in the lower part of the protected premises with limiting the rate of air outflow from them.

Compensation of the volumes of combustion products removed from the storage rooms of cars and isolated ramps of the underground parking lot, common corridors of technical, service and technological premises on the underground floors, common halls of offices on the aboveground floors within the framework of this development is achieved by using separate supply smoke ventilation systems with mechanical induction of traction, providing supply of outside air to the lower part of each of the premises protected in this way. The required flow rate of the supplied air must be at least 70% of the corresponding calculated values ​​of the total mass flow rate of combustion products removed from these rooms, established by this development.

It is allowed not to equip the common corridors of service, technological premises of the lower above-ground floor and common corridors of offices on the overlying floors with autonomous systems of supply smoke ventilation, taking into account the calculated established sufficiency of compensating air flow through the corresponding doorways of emergency exits;

The established main functions of smoke ventilation of the object under consideration correspond to the design space-planning solutions with the following objectively necessary partial changes:

Additional allocation of ventilation chambers on the underground floors;

Additional arrangement of partitions with doors to separate common corridors of offices.

The rest of the design space-planning elements were taken initially unchanged within the framework of this development. With any change in the latter, it is necessary to perform an additional analysis of the entire set of initial data to determine the required volume of adjustments to the content and results of this development. Without performing such an analysis, the design implementation of the developed technical solutions and the established parameters of smoke ventilation for this facility is not allowed.

2. Smoke ventilation

The project provides for fire-prevention measures in accordance with Special Specifications (STU) for design and reconstruction, as well as the concept of smoke ventilation and regulatory requirements.

Solutions for smoke protection of the complex provide for the installation of mechanical smoke removal and air pressurization systems, which ensure the safe evacuation of people at the initial stage of a fire.

The building of the complex is divided into 4 fire compartments (see section 1. "General part" of this explanatory note). Separate smoke exhaust and air pressure systems are provided for each fire compartment.

Mechanical smoke removal systems are provided from the following zones and rooms:

From two floors of a two-level parking lot (2 compartments);

From the top of the ramps;

From the evacuation corridors of the underground and aboveground parts;

From the office part of a 14-storey building;

From part of the apart-hotel of a 7-storey building;

From the dining room and restaurant.

Compensation of the volumes of the removed combustion products for the listed zones is achieved by using separate systems of supply smoke ventilation with mechanical induction of draft, providing the supply of external air to the lower part of each of the premises protected in this way, and also provides for air pressure in case of fire:

To all lift shafts, regardless of the presence of lift halls (at least 20 Pa);

To evacuation corridors;

Elevator halls and disabled safety areas;

In the stairwells;

In the vestibule of the parking lot;

For smoke exhaust systems, it is envisaged to use special fans, which ensure operability for 2 hours at a gas temperature of 600 ° C. The installation is equipped with equipment from VEZA Co LTD (Russia).

Fans of smoke exhaust systems are installed on the roof of the 7th and 14th floors of the building. Smoke is emitted at a height of more than 2 m from the combustible roof and at a distance of at least 5 m from the air intake devices of the supply smoke ventilation systems.

The installation of non-return valves at the smoke exhaust fans and air pressure is provided to prevent cold air from entering the premises.

One shaft of the smoke exhaust system serves a smoke zone of no more than 3,000 m² on each floor within the fire compartment.

Smoke exhaust valves are adopted with automatic and remote controlled drives without thermoelements. Valves with a reversible electric drive are used as normally closed valves.

Smoke removal and supply smoke ventilation systems use smoke (normally closed) valves from WINGS-M (Russia) with an electromechanical Belimo drive, which can be controlled automatically, remotely and manually.

All fire protection systems, including fire dampers and smoke exhaust valves, can be controlled from one central control center.

The air ducts of the high pressure systems are made of 1.5 mm thick welded sheet steel, class "P", and are covered with a fire retardant within the served fire compartment up to fire resistance EI 60, outside the served fire compartment up to fire resistance EI 150 (in accordance with SP 7.13130. 2009).

Air ducts of PD systems are made of thin sheet steel with a thickness of SP 60.13330.2012, but not less than 0.8 mm, class "P". Covered with a fire retardant within the serviced fire compartment up to fire resistance EI 30, outside the serviced fire compartment up to fire resistance EI 150 (in accordance with SP 7.13130.2009). iii Fire resistance limit of the damper: in the mode of the Fire (smoke) damper - EI 90 / E 90; in the mode of a fire-fighting normally closed damper - EI 30.

For smoke ventilation systems of the building, equipment manufactured in the Russian Federation is used, which has certificates of conformity and fire safety.

Soundproof and thermal insulation materials anti-smoke ventilation equipment is made of non-combustible materials.

Supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning and air heating automatically turn off when a fire breaks out in the building and automatically turn on the smoke exhaust and air pressurization systems. Additionally, manual activation of systems is provided in case of fire.

The main indicators of the purpose of smoke ventilation and the corresponding required values ​​of these indicators are characterized by the calculations below. The required parameters of the supply and exhaust smoke ventilation correspond to the given tabular design values ​​established directly for the protected volumes (rooms). The indicated values ​​are subject to mandatory accounting as initial data for the final determination of the main parameters of the fans, depending on the selected technical characteristics and elements of the ventilation network of smoke control systems at subsequent design stages.

4.1. Exhaust smoke ventilation

This appendix contains the main and intermediate results of the calculated determination of the required parameters of smoke ventilation of the "Hotel and office complex with underground parking", designed for construction at the address: Moscow, st. Bolshaya Pionerskaya, ow. 1/17, p. 1,2,3. The content of this application is illustrative and applied in nature and cannot be reproduced in the calculations of the required parameters of smoke ventilation systems of other similar objects.

The performed calculations are presented in two main parts: for exhaust and supply smoke ventilation systems - separately and in the free sample lists for each type of systems. When carrying out calculations, the aerodynamic resistance of the network of each system was determined in strict accordance with the geometric characteristics established by this development and the routing of ventilation ducts in accordance with the recommended

4.1.1. Exhaust from the underground car park.

Consider an example of calculating smoke removal systems from the underground parking of fire compartments 3 and 4 (PO3 and PO4). Calculation of the exhaust and supply ventilation system for smoke protection in case of fire in an underground parking lot for 299 cars under the building at the address: Moscow.

Here is the calculation of exhaust smoke protection systems in case of fire (hereinafter, "smoke exhaust systems") VD3, VD4, VD6 and VD7 underground 2-level parking and supply systems smoke protection of the ramp PD20 for PO3, PD21 for PO4 and lobbies-gateways of all exits PD30-PD34, PD36-PD38 for PO3 and PD25-PD29 for PO4 from a parking lot with smoke-free staircases of the H3 type. When calculating, the lower floor was taken as the floor on which the fire occurred. When calculating the smoke coming from the fire, it was assumed that the perimeter of the fire is 12 m (the maximum recommended in the Appendix). The calculation of the amount of smoke is carried out in accordance with paragraph 1.3.

Exhaust from the parking lot. In accordance with clause 6.15 of SNiP 21-02-99, it is necessary to provide for smoke ventilation systems to remove combustion products from vehicle storage rooms and insulated ramps. To remove smoke from the parking lot (car storage room), provide 1 smoke extraction shaft (FOBSL = 900 m2). The fire resistance of the smoke exhaust shaft must be provided for at least 0.754, and the valve must be at least 0.54.

Under the 7 and 14-storey buildings there is a 2-level parking lot for 299 cars. Level marks -8.700 and -4.550. The exit ramp (ramp) has two lanes, in a forward and reverse direction, and is equipped with two outer gates at the exit at ground level (one outer gate for each lane). There is no tambour-sluice in front of the external exit gates. The exit gates from each floor to the ramp are the same, and have a deluge protection system for the opening. total area parking lots 8291.2 m², height: lower 3.65 m, upper 3.85 m. The underground parking has six exits to the outside with 2-storey staircases of the H3 type (with floor exits from the floors through the lobbies-locks). At ground level, the exits of the stairwells end with a door to the street. There are passenger lifts in the underground parking.

When calculating smoke protection ventilation, the outside air temperature and wind speed for the cold and warm seasons were taken according to parameters B for Moscow; the wind speed is taken equal to 4.9 m / s in the cold season. For smoke exhaust systems, when determining the gravitational pressure, the outside air temperature was taken as calculated for the warm season. In accordance with the requirements of clause 8.15 (a), the calculation of the supply smoke ventilation was carried out for the outside air temperature and wind speed in the cold season (parameters B).

The fire hazard of the parking spaces for cars is classified as category B, therefore, in the calculation, the temperature of the smoke discharged in case of a fire is taken to be T = 450 0С according to the recommendations, and the average specific gravity of smoke is taken = 5 N / m3, density is 0.51 kg / m3 ...

In accordance with the requirements of clause * 3.18. and the volume of the removed smoke should be determined for a smoke zone with an area of ​​not more than 1600 sq. m. Therefore, the area of ​​2 floors of the parking lot was divided into four smoke zones with an area of ​​1100-1600 m² each. As mentioned at the beginning, the underground parking lot is served by two smoke exhaust systems VD3 and VD4, and two systems serve a ramp in each fire compartment of VD 6 and VD 7. Each smoke exhaust system has two smoke zones - on the first and second floors in each compartment. Accordingly, each smoke zone is divided into two smoke tanks with an area of ​​550-800 m2. Thus, for each smoke exhaust system, four smoke reservoirs are assigned, which is consistent with the recommendations and calculations in paragraphs. 1.6, 1.8 benefits. With an area of ​​up to 700 m2, the time of full filling of each tank with smoke is sufficient (clause 1.5) to evacuate people through any nearest evacuation exit of the underground parking lot. Maximum distance from any point of the parking lot to the nearest exit no more than 36 m, which at a speed of people according to GOST 12.1.004-91 equal to 1.7 m / s gives an evacuation time of 22 seconds (with a relatively low flow density of evacuees (0.05 m2 / m2) ). The standard 40 m distance to the nearest evacuation exit should be covered by people in 40 / 1.7 = 24 s,.

The smoke exhaust ventilation is interlocked with an automatic fire alarm. Provides automatic remote and manual control of smoke protection ventilation. When one of the vehicles lights up, the smoke valve in the smoke reservoir above the vehicle is automatically opened, and the smoke exhaust fan of the corresponding system, serving this smoke zone, is automatically turned on. When smoke appears in another tank (or tanks), the smoke valves there also automatically open, connecting branches to the exhaust system (in accordance with clause 1.9).

Fans of smoke exhaust systems VD3, VD4, VD6 and VD7 are located on the roof of the building. The supply air ducts of the smoke exhaust systems in front of the fans are connected by a collector for interchangeability. The connecting manifold is divided by smoke valves to automatically turn on the connected fan of the neighboring system in case of emergency stop of the main one (redundancy in accordance with clause 1.10). Check valves are provided in the ducts in front of the fans.

At the request of clause * 3.20 adopted in the project exhaust fans smoke exhaust systems remain operational at a temperature of 600 0C for at least 1 hour.

In accordance with clause * 3.20 and clause 6.20, each branch of the VD3, VD4, VD4, VD6 and VD7 smoke removal systems going to the smoke tank is equipped with normally closed automatic smoke valves of the KDM-2-1000x500-MB-VN-V-K-R type ( A) ZAO "WINGS-M" with a flow area of ​​0.44 m2 with a Belimo servo drive and a fire resistance rating of EI 60. The number of smoke exhaust valves below is determined by calculation. The fire resistance limit of smoke exhaust shafts is provided for not less than the required fire resistance limits of the intersected floors, and the floor branches of air ducts from the shafts are not less than EI 60.

The start-up of smoke protection systems in accordance with clause * 3.19 is carried out automatically (from an automatic fire alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system) and remotely (from the dispatcher's console and from buttons installed in fire hydrant cabinets or at emergency exits from floors).

During a fire (clause 2.7.4, and clause 3.17,) outside air inflow for each ventilation system from PD20, PD21, PD25, PD26, PD30-PD34, into the lobbies-sluices in front of the stairwells of the 3rd type of exits from the underground parking lot, PD36-PD38, PD27-PD29 is carried out through a vertical collector shaft with installed on each floor automatic valves, opened by a signal from the fire alarm system on this floor. Smoke valves are used as supply valves. It is planned to use smoke exhaust valves with a vertical orientation of the largest side, "wall" type KDM-2-900x500-MB-VN-V-K-R (V), (or in confined spaces 1150x400) WINGS-M CJSC with a grill and with a flow area Sk = 0.39 m2. The valve is installed directly on a vertical channel made of sheet steel 1500x550 (dECV = 805 mm; Seq = 0.509 m2). The valve is supplied with a Belimo (or Polar Bear) servo drive. A flue valve with an electromechanical servo drive with a cross section of 1100 x 1100 mm is also used as an inlet valve in the duct in front of the back-pressure axial fan.

According to clause * 3.18 in underground multi-storey car parks in order to ensure effective work smoke exhaust systems, shafts should be designed for the natural flow of outside air to the fire floor.

To protect the escape routes from smoke penetration in the event of a fire in the underground parking, forced inlet ventilation of the smoke protection is provided separately for the ramp (ramp) PD20 and PD21 and separately for the lobbies-sluices in front of the smoke-free staircases of the H3 type of all six exits from the parking lot. The performance of all supply backpressure systems fully compensates for the amount of air removed by the smoke exhaust system. For this reason, additional shafts for the natural flow of outside air are not provided.

The supply smoke ventilation serving the ramp and lobbies-sluices of staircases, in accordance with clause * 3.21, supplies air through normally closed KDM-2 smoke valves of WINGS-M CJSC with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 160. The valves are equipped with an automatic remote control and manual control of the drives. The parameters of the supply smoke ventilation are determined by calculation.

In accordance with the requirements of clause 6.18 (see the text of the requirements below in clause (l)), all doors of the lobbies-sluices of staircases of type H3 of the car park exits must have automatic devices for their closing. As such devices, you can take door closers(any of the firms DORMA, USAF, ABLOY, ASSA, GEZE, etc.). For doors up to 1100 mm wide and weighing up to 85 kg, according to European standards, the door closer is equipped with an EN4 spring, with which it develops a door closing force torque of at least 25 Nm, i.e. to open the door by pressing it near the handle, an effort of about 2.5-3 kg is required.

In accordance with clause 6.18: “Doors of emergency exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, lobbies and staircases should not have locks that prevent them from being freely opened from the inside without a key.

Doors of staircases leading to common corridors, doors of elevator halls and doors of vestibules-sluices with constant air pressurization must have devices for self-closing and sealing in the vestibules, and doors of vestibules-sluices with pressurized air in case of fire and doors of rooms with forced smoke protection should have automatic devices for closing them in case of fire ”.

According to the requirements of clause 8.14 (c) of, given in clause 6.18 of and in accordance with the recommendations from clauses. 1.11 (c), (d), (e) for calculating the supply ventilation system for smoke protection, the following state of the gates and doors of the underground parking lot in case of fire was taken:

On the fire floor (lower) in the lobbies-sluices of the staircase of the H3 type, the door leading to the parking lot is open, and the door leading to the outside is closed;

Both doors are closed in the lobbies-locks of the exits of the upper parking floor;

Air flow supplied to the airlock vestibules with one open door, should be determined by calculation according to the condition of ensuring an average speed (but not less than 1.3 m / s) of air outflow through an open doorway and taking into account the joint action of exhaust smoke ventilation (clause 8.14 (c) of).

The flow rate of air supplied to the airlock vestibules when the doors are closed should be expected to leak air through leaks in the doorway. The magnitude of the excess pressure should be determined relative to adjacent premises with a protected room (clause 8.14 (c)).

The gates for cars entering the ramp on the fire floor are fully open. Sprinkler system of protection of the opening of the gate is included.

The outer gates for cars leaving the parking lot are fully open.

The gates for exiting cars to the ramp on the other floor of the parking lot are closed.

According to the requirements of clause 8.14 (c) from (see the previous clause (l)), the flow rate of the external supply air of the smoke protection systems of the vestibules-sluices of staircases on the fire floor (with one open door per floor in each) is determined from the condition of maintaining the flow rate in the door opening not less than the minimum allowable 1.3 m / s and taking into account the combined action of the exhaust smoke ventilation.

Overpressure on closed doors on the escape routes (for the doors of the lobbies-locks, the opening of which is prevented by the backwater) should not exceed 50 Pa (according to clause 1.13), but should not be less than 20 Pa (see clause 8.15 (b),); pressure is regulated by an overpressure valve (door with a closer, M ~ 25 Nm, with EN4 spring).

According to paragraphs. 1.11-1.14 and clause 2.5.1 and according to the state of gates and doors in case of fire (see clause (l) above), the pressure and flow rate of the supply air supplied by the smoke protection system of the ramp PD20, PD21 is calculated for the back pressure of the outside air and taking into account the combined actions of exhaust smoke ventilation and supply systems of smoke protection of the lobbies-sluices of stairwells on the fire floor.

The entire calculation of the performance of operating smoke protection systems (exhaust and supply) is controlled by the balance of air exchange on the fire floor.

At the same time, it is taken into account, and in full compliance with clause 6.18,: “In the event of a fire, the shutdown of the general ventilation of the underground parking should be provided.

The order (sequence) of switching on the smoke protection systems should provide for the advance of the start of the exhaust ventilation (before the supply ventilation). "

When determining the performance of ventilation systems for smoke protection, air leaks through leaks in the air ducts should also be taken into account.

Initial data:

The number of floors in the building of the hotel and business complex - 2, 7 and 14

(H = 51.2 m). Under this building there is a 2-level two-storey car park for 299 cars.

Level marks -8.700 and -4.550.

The area of ​​the 2nd floor of the parking lot is 2826 m² and the area of ​​the 1st floor is 2586 m².

Height: 3.65 m for the lower, 3.85 m for the upper. There are passenger lifts in the underground parking.

The exit ramp (ramp) has two lanes, forward and backward. A tambour-lock in front of the external exit gates is not provided.

The exits from each floor to the ramp have a deluge protection system for the opening.

The underground parking has six exits to the outside with smoke-free 2-storey stairwells of the H3 type (with floor exits from the floors through the lobbies-locks). At ground level, the exits of the stairwells end with a door to the street. Dimensions (edit) entrance doors: B = 1.2 m; H = 2.2 m.

The design temperature of the outside air in the cold season is -25 ºС, wind V = 4.9 m / s; in the warm season +28.5 ºС, wind V = 1.0 m / s (parameters B, Moscow).

Determination of system parameters (calculation).

I. Calculation of exhaust systems VD3, VD4, VD6 and VD7 smoke protection in case of fire in an underground 2-level parking lot for 299 cars.

Let the fire center be on the -2nd floor of the parking lot (level -8.700). The height of the floor is H = 3.65 m. Let the perimeter of the fire center be 12 m (maximum recommended by). Calculation of the amount of smoke - in accordance with paragraph 1.3

where: - the perimeter of the fire, (no more than 12 m);

The estimated average level of standing smoke from the floor of the room, taken in this particular case, 2.6 m;

A coefficient equal to 1.2 to the estimated consumption of smoke and the area of ​​exhaust shafts, transoms in windows and skylights, for systems operating due to the natural induction of traction, when they work together with a sprinkler fire extinguishing system. For exhaust systems with artificial induction (fans, ejectors, etc.) = 1.

The maximum smoke consumption for parking of cars at = 1, kg / h, is equal to:

=> or 9.5 kg / s.

The time for filling the tank with smoke (with overhangs on the ceiling along the perimeter of 0.5 m) in accordance with clause 1.4 is calculated by the formula:

where: - area of ​​the smoke reservoir, m2;

The average level of standing smoke from the floor of the room is taken as 2.8 m;

Room height, m;

Fire source perimeter, m

The maximum filling time can be taken equal to 24 s.

With a relatively low flow density of evacuees (0.05 m² / m²), the speed of people in accordance with GOST 12.1.004-91 is 1.7 m / s. The standard 40 m distance to the nearest evacuation exit will be covered by people in 40 / 1.7 = 24 s. You can solve the inverse problem, and find the required maximum area of ​​the smoke reservoir.

Thus, with the initial data, the area of ​​the smoke reservoir is obtained within the permissible maximum area of ​​800 m2.

Therefore, the area of ​​each floor of the parking lot 2826 m2 and 2586 m2 was divided into four smoke zones with an area of ​​1100-1600 m2 each. Each smoke exhaust system has two smoke zones on each floor of each compartment. Accordingly, each smoke zone is divided into two smoke tanks with an area of ​​600-800 m2. Thus, four smoke reservoirs are assigned to each smoke extraction system.

For efficient use of the capacity of the smoke tank (see clause 1.7,), smoke inlet openings are provided in the upper part of the exhaust duct laid inside the tank - one for every 200 m2 of the tank area. The area of ​​the hole is determined by the mass absorption rate of not more than 10 kg / (s · m2). The distance of any flue opening from the edge of the tank should not exceed 10 m.

At the end of each smoke reservoir (see p. 1.8,) on the exhaust duct DU 3-1, DU 3-2, DU 4-1, DU 4-2, DU 6 and DU 7 with a cross-section

(1000 x 500)) smoke damper type KDM-2-1000x500-MB-VN-V-K-R (A) - 10 pcs. fire resistance limit EI 60, calculated for the consumption of smoke, determined by the formula (1), with a mass permissible recommended smoke rate of not more than 10 kg / (s · m2). It is allowed to connect no more than 4 smoke tanks to one fan.

The mass velocity of smoke in the valve in the 1st section (valve is open) is equal to:

and the mass velocity of smoke in the exhaust duct in the 1st section from the valve to the tee is equal to

We determine the pressure loss in the smoke valve in the 1st section according to the formula (3) of the recommendations, which looks like:

and in numerical form:

Friction losses in the 2nd section of the ventilation network before combining through the second tee with a branch coming from the second smoke tank of the considered smoke zone, made of sheet steel with a section of 2200 x 500 at Kc = 1 according to formula (4) from and table 1. Then, the formula is an expression:

numerically

Here the value of friction resistance = 0.28 kg / m2 is determined according to table 1 at a velocity pressure of 150 Pa and an area of ​​an equivalent duct d815 (F = 0.521 m2).

Table 1 for determining the frictional resistance, kg / m2, is given below on the next page.

Friction pressure loss

Determine the leakage of air through the leaks of the closed smoke valves at the adjacent smoke reservoir on the current floor, and higher on the -1st floor of the underground parking lot at f. (5) :

at negative pressure = 350 Pa in the collector, which unites all branches, to the amount of smoke determined by f. (1) (see above, in item 1), air is added from the closed valves, equal to:

Density of the gas-air mixture, kg / m3, f. (17) is (with the calculation above in item 1) the expression:

where:, - consumption of smoke and air consumption, kg / s.

numerically, the density of the gas-air mixture is equal to:

Air leaks through the leaks of the entire duct network from the smoke valves to the collector in front of the fan (according to formula (18)) looks like:

where: - specific air leakage through air duct leaks is according to table 2, according to class P, with a known vacuum in it.

Table 2 for determining the specific air leakage through leaks in steel air ducts of the ventilation network of smoke exhaust systems, kg / (s m2), is presented below on the next page

Air intake through leaks in steel ducts of smoke exhaust systems

Note: for rectangular ducts, a factor of 1.1 is entered.

The expanded area of ​​the entire duct, m2, as the product of the perimeter of each section of the system by its length, except for the sections inside the smoke tanks.

We define that ~ 600 m2. According to table 2, by the interpolation method, at negative pressure = 350 Pa in the manifold = 0.0005 kg / (s m2), we determine the suction in the air duct in the area before the fan:

The total gas consumption in front of the fan, kg / s, is determined by (19) and has the form:

in this case, the density of the gas-air mixture is determined (see (20)):

and numerically

Compared to the previously calculated consumption, it increased significantly. The pressure loss will increase and will be equal (according to f. (21)):

where: - according to the formula in clause 7, see above;

Pressure loss when gases are ejected outside, calculated by analogy with formula (7) in item 6, at gas density calculated by formula (12).

The calculated dynamic pressure losses, the resistance of the check valve and swing lobes in the fan head were = 235 Pa.

Natural (gravitational) pressure due to the difference in the specific gravity of outdoor air and gases, Pa, is determined for the warm season (parameters B) by f. (22) and is added with a minus sign. The formula for is an expression:

where is the height from the axis of the open smoke valve on the first floor to the fan axis, m;

Vertical distance from the fan axis to the release of gases into the atmosphere, m;

Specific gravity of outside air, N / m3;

Outside air temperature during the warm season (parameters B) ° С;

Average specific gravity of gases before the fan, N / m3;

Specific gravity of gases before the fan, N / m3.

The required fan head is equal to the resistance (f. (23)), Pa, of the ventilation network minus the natural pressure (the vector of the driving force of the fan and the Archimedean force acting on the air column are directed in the same direction - up):

where the quantities and are defined above by formulas (13) and (14).

Knowing the density of the gas-air mixture (see above f. (12)), one can determine the temperature of this mixture in the channel in front of the fan:

where the density (9)

The fan head according to the conditional pressure loss in terms of the density of standard air at a temperature of T = 200C according to the formula (18) (or according to f. (25)) is equal to

The required performance of the fan (at mass flow rate according to f. (11)) is determined (f. (19), or according to f. (24)) at the temperature of the gas-air mixture T = 3800C in front of the fan:

The closest fan with a margin and taking into account the fact that at the very beginning of the development of the fire, the temperature of the air mixture being transported is low (the fan will operate with a higher load) - this is a VEZA Co LTD fan:

VRAN9-11 type, 2 remote controls; 600 0C; 30.0 kW x 980 min-1; radial with upward flow ejection, with an installed power of 30.0 kW, 980 rpm, 230V, wheel - 9 blades, 6 poles, ~ 1000 kg. At 6000C, the guaranteed operating time is 120 minutes. The fan develops capacity L 65750 m3 / h at T = 20 ° C and pressure P = 600 Pa, and at 400 ° C it has a pressure of 675 Pa.

In the kit, a roof passage unit is installed under the fan (glass SMKV-VRKV-OTs-KO-0-0-top-0, VEZA) with a check valve in the upper part.

This fan is supplied in 1 pc. for each of the smoke exhaust systems DU 3-1, DU 3-2, DU 4-1, DU 4-2, DU 6 and DU 7 underground parking for 299 cars, as well as DU 3, DU 4, DU 5, DU 5- 1, DU 8, DU 9, DU 9 - 1, DU 10. In total - 4 fans.

4.1.2. Exhaust from corridors.

The project should provide for smoke removal from the corridors by separate systems with artificial induction. The fire resistance of smoke exhaust shafts must be at least 1, and the fire resistance of smoke exhaust valves must be at least 0.54. Shafts and smoke exhaust valves must be made of non-combustible materials.

Smoke exhaust fans should be located in separate rooms with type 1 fire partitions.

The smoke receiving devices should be placed on the smoke shafts under the ceiling in accordance with.

In accordance with SNiP 2.08.01-89 * clause 1.32, in buildings with smoke-free staircases, it is necessary to provide for the removal of smoke from floor corridors through special shafts with forced draft and DU valves.

The calculation of the parameters of the smoke exhaust system from the corridors is carried out in accordance with the methodology set forth in the recommendations to SNiP 2.04.05-91 *.

Initial data:

Outside air temperature in the warm season is +26.6 (parameters B);

Door exit from the corridor to the open air zone l.k. Н1 is 1.2 m wide (large sash) and 2.2 m high;

The smoke exhaust shaft is made of concrete.

Calculation of parameters:

Determination of smoke consumption

The magnitude of the displacement of the supply air of the pressurization systems into the ventilation network of the general exchange systems can be determined by analogy with the calculation. Because the concepts of "depression in the channel" and "backwater outside it" will be identical in this situation. The concepts of "rarefaction" and "backwater" are relative, and depend on what is taken as a zero value, as a reference point. So, in relation to the backwater in the volume of the fire floor (if we take it as a zero reference point), the absence of pressure in the ventilation network of non-working general exchange systems can be considered a vacuum.

The pressure loss of leaks from the fire floor in the general ventilation network can be neglected, because the flow velocity will be significantly lower than 1 m / s (the systems are designed for an order of magnitude greater productivity). And here the same reasoning is applicable as above in section 2.2.

It should be noted that the ventilation unit B of the exhaust general ventilation system of the 1st floor of the parking lot has a backup fan, i.e. it includes two fans air valves... According to the selection conditions, the valves of the supply P and exhaust B of ventilation installations of general ventilation on the 1st floor are the same and have a cross-sectional area of ​​A = 1.49 m2 (in total - 3 valves for two ventilation installations).

Then, with a cross section of A = 1.49 m2 and a pressure drop of P = 44 Pa (f. (20)), the displacement of air through the leaks of the closed valves of the ventilation network of the general ventilation of the 2nd floor of the underground parking according to f. (25) is equal.