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In the life of every married couple there is a moment when she decides that it is time for them to become parents. Of course, I want to know as early as possible that pregnancy has occurred.

For this, a special test is used at home. It is necessary to consider when this tool can show the exact result.

What is a pregnancy test, the rules for the use of such medical devices, from what day after ovulation it is done, every woman should know. This can help determine on which day of delay (and before) you can get a true result.

What is a device?

Any pregnancy test has the same principle of operation. Such devices contain a substance that is sensitive to the hCG hormone. How the research process takes place should be familiarized before using the presented tool.

Operating principle

Chorionic gonadotropin in the human body produces a fetal egg from the moment the process of implantation of a fertilized cell into the epithelium of the uterus has occurred. This happens a few days after ovulation.

Most often, the process of implantation occurs on the 7th day after ovulation. But it happens that this date is shifted. Then the implantation should be expected even 10-13 days after ovulation (DPO).

The growth of the hormone indicating pregnancy occurs every 24-48 hours. Its number is doubled. Therefore, even the most sensitive test can show a true result no earlier than 11 DPO.

The calculations take into account the features of the woman's cycle, how long it lasts, on what day ovulation occurs. This is the only way to calculate how long it takes to do the test.

The amount of hCG increases in the urine, and on the 11th day after fertilization it is captured only by a supersensitive pharmacy. However, this happens in ideal conditions. In fact, the features of the cycle should be considered before testing.

To accurately determine the onset of pregnancy, all test manufacturers recommend carrying out the procedure from the moment the menstruation is missed.

Susceptibility

There are 3 main types of drug sensitivity that allow you to determine pregnancy 2-3 days after a delay. In order for the device to be able to show a true answer already on the 11th day after conception, the accuracy of the medical device should be taken into account. Testers do with different sensitivities:

• 25 mIU/ml.
• 20 mIU/ml.
• 10 mIU/ml.

Each of them is able to show pregnancy when 2–2.5 weeks have passed with DPO. If the period is too short, it is necessary to use agents with a susceptibility of 10 mIU / ml. They are able even at 11 days after conception to catch the presence of hCG in the urine. But an error is possible.

If the active substance of the tester reacts to a hormone concentration of more than 25 mIU / ml, then even on the fourth day of delay, an erroneously negative result is possible.

On the 9th day after ovulation, even a test that reacts to 10 mIU / ml of hCG in the urine will not determine pregnancy. A woman cannot know when the moment of implantation of a fertilized cell will occur. Therefore, the test is done no earlier than on the 11th day after ovulation. In this case, only a means of increased susceptibility is used (10 mIU / ml).

However, all manufacturers still indicate that the earliest time when testing can be done is determined from the first day of the delay. Therefore, when wondering how long it takes to check for the presence of a hormone in the urine with DPO, one must still wait for the day of the expected menstruation.

Device types

When a woman decides to take a pregnancy test for early term, she is faced with a large variety of pharmacy products. Their differences lie in the ease of use and the size of the error.

The period from which the device can show a true result depends on its susceptibility and error. Whichever tester is chosen, it is better if its sensitivity is 10 mIU / ml. There are different types pharmaceutical products that allow early detection of pregnancy:

1. Paper strips.
2. Inkjet and tablet tests.
3. Digital devices.

Paper strips are the cheapest, and therefore in demand. They can be used when the period after conception is 14-15 days. The error in this method is large. He can make mistakes more often than other varieties.

On the 11-12th day after ovulation, a tablet or jet type of device can be used. In the first case, a drop of urine is applied to the sensor with a pipette, and in the second case, the tip of the device is substituted under the jet. Such manipulations are convenient to do, even when you are not at home. When it is not possible to collect material for analysis in a jar in the morning, this option is ideal.

Most often, sensitive devices capture the concentration of the hormone at 10 mIU / ml. To minimize the measurement error, you should use an electronic device. He is even able to show the period of development of a new life in the belly of the expectant mother.

Even on the 12th day after conception, he will show the exact result. 4 days before the expected menstruation (not earlier than 11 DPO), a similar study can be carried out. If the result is positive, a “+” icon will appear on the screen, and a period will be indicated next to it, for example, 1-2 weeks. It should be noted that the device shows how long the development of the fetus lasts from the moment of conception.

How to do testing?

To increase the reliability of the analysis, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the manufacturer's instructions.

Checking should be done no earlier than 11 DPO. 3-4 days before the delay, only morning urine and a test with a sensitivity of 10 mIU / ml should be taken for research. In such urine, the concentration of the hormone is the highest. A few days after the delay, the timing of the test and the sensitivity of the test will no longer be as important.

Hands should be thoroughly washed and the collection container should be disinfected. If a cardboard strip is used, it must be immersed strictly to the designated level.

The result is evaluated no later than 5 minutes from the start of the study.

In any case, it is better to repeat the study after 2-3 days. If even a faint second strip is visible, you should consult a medical specialist. This will make it possible to accurately determine whether pregnancy has occurred or not.

Having become acquainted with the types and technology of using a home pregnancy tester, each woman has the opportunity to conduct a study on her own and get a reliable answer with a high degree of probability.

Research errors

When testing is carried out a few days before the next menstruation, you can get a false answer. Why it is better not to take a pregnancy test before a delay should be understood by every woman.

False positive response

Moreover, an incorrect positive result of the analysis is possible if a woman takes funds containing hCG or certain fertility drugs.

In the case where fetal development has recently been interrupted, the hCG level may not drop quickly. This also leads to a false positive result.

False negative response

But more often women still get the wrong negative answer. A false positive test tool can show if not enough time has elapsed since DPO.

After all, 11-12 days after ovulation and the alleged fertilization, the concentration of the hormone is not so high that it can be determined. There are a number of reasons why the meter may show an incorrect negative result:

1. Poor quality of the device reagent.
2. When there is a threat of termination of pregnancy.
3. Pathology of the kidneys or the cardiovascular system.
4. Ectopic development of pregnancy.
5. Testing is done before 10 DPO.
6. Instructions are not followed.
7. The study was conducted one hour after going to the toilet or drinking a lot of liquid.

Having incorrectly calculated how much time has passed since DPO, you can not determine the hormone in the urine. After 2-3 days, a second study is carried out.

A more accurate result before the delay of menstruation can provide a laboratory examination. In the blood, hCG is determined 1-2 days earlier than in the urine. In any case, only a gynecologist can confirm that a woman is expecting a baby after the examination.

Any girl who wants to have a baby always wants to know if the cherished event has happened as early as possible. Fortunately, we live in the 21st century, and the arsenal of tools for early detection of pregnancy in modern medicine is already quite impressive. Impressive but imperfect: all diagnostic methods have limitations, and so far no way has been invented to check whether conception occurred immediately, a couple of hours or days after the act of love. But, fortunately, it won't take long to languish in anticipation.

About what is the earliest time when the conception that has occurred can be reliably judged, and on what day the pregnancy test will show a positive resultand will be discussed in this article.

Definition methods. How early can you find out about pregnancy?

All methods of early diagnosis of pregnancy can be divided into two groups: visual and laboratory.

The visual ones include ultrasound or an examination by a gynecologist in the chair, and the laboratory ones are the determination of the presence in the body of a special hormone, chorionic gonadotropin (usually abbreviated as hCG). There are two main ways to determine the level of hCG - by passing a blood test or by making a well-known home urinary pregnancy test.

Let's say right away that visual methods lag far behind the "chemical" methods in terms of the speed and accuracy of determining pregnancy. It is physically possible to see pregnancy on ultrasound only from the third week of embryonic development, and then only with sufficient qualifications of the doctor and high quality equipment, as the fertilized egg at this time is only a few millimeters in size. Examination of a doctor in the chair is also subjective, since certain symptoms (softening of the cervix, a change in its shape) only indirectly indicate the patient's pregnant status.

In contrast, tests to determine hCG levels can be applied as early as a week after the onset of embryonic development and are free from uncertainty. An increase in the level of hCG (normally absent in a non-pregnant person) starts immediately after the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus, and serves as reliable evidence that the desired event has nevertheless occurred.

If you summarize the methods by which one is the most “fast”, you get something like this list:

1. Blood test for hCG.
2. Test strip (urine) for hCG.
3. ultrasound.
4. Visual examination by a doctor

And since we have an article about how to determine pregnancy as early as possible, below we will talk in more detail about the level of hCG in the body of a pregnant woman and about what day it is worth taking a pregnancy test or running to the laboratory to donate blood.

How does a pregnancy test work?

The principle of the pregnancy test is very simple - the reagents in the test strip change color if the level of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine exceeds a certain level (this level is written on the test box; standard tests start showing a second strip from 25 units of hCG. There are also highly sensitive tests showing a second strip of hCG 10. However, only an increase in hCG to a level of 25 or more is considered a reliable sign of pregnancy, since lower levels can simply be caused by physiological abnormalities).

On what day will a pregnancy test show a positive result?

Let's figure it out.

A positive result will appear only after reaching a certain level of hCG in the body, but how long does it take for hCG to become sufficient?

Most readers know that fertilization is possible only at the time of ovulation. However, after fertilization has occurred, a number of events must occur, requiring a certain period of time:

The period from the moment of fertilization to the moment when the test shows two strips is counted from the date of ovulation and consists of the period of several events:

1) Time for fertilization (up to 1 day)

2) Time to move from the fallopian tube to the uterus (up to 4 days)

3) Time for implantation (up to 4 days)

4) Time to produce enough hCG (up to 7 days).

First you need to determine when this cycle was ovulation. There are a lot of methods for determining it - from “folk” calendar ones to 100% accurate ultrasound. If you are not familiar with them, we advise you to read the article “How to “catch” ovulation”? All about the menstrual cycle by day.

Let's assume that you were able to calculate when this cycle was ovulating. What's next?

Not later than one day after leaving the ovary, the egg must be fertilized. We add 1 day to ovulation, we get 1 DPO (the day after ovulation) or the 15th day of the cycle (for a 28-day cycle).

3-4 days fertilized egg moves through the fallopian tube to the uterus. She enters the uterus at 5 DPO or day 19 of the cycle.

It takes 3-4 days for the embryo (in which at this point there are already about a hundred cells) to attach to the wall of the uterus. If everything went well, then at a maximum of 9 DPO or on the 23rd day of the cycle, the embryo will attach to the uterus (by the way, a number of pregnancies are interrupted already at this stage - if a normally fertilized egg simply could not attach to the uterine wall. This may be one of the reasons infertility . Therefore, girls who cannot become pregnant for a long time in the absence of problems with the cycle must definitely undergo a gynecologist check of the endometrium of the uterus).

So, after the embryo is attached, its outer shell (the chorion, which will later become the placenta) begins to secrete the treasured chorionic gonadotropin. It is this hormone that blocks the onset of the next period.

Before implantation, its amount is approximately 0-5 units. HCG levels by day of pregnancy approximately doubles every day. That is, if on the first day after implantation it is equal to an average of two units, on the second day after implantation it will be equal to 4, on the third day after implantation it will be 8, on the fourth day 16, and, finally, on the 5th day after implantation it will exceed the threshold of 25 units and will be equal to 32 mIU /ml Recall that our implantation took place at 9 DPO (23 days of the cycle), add 5 days to this and we get that the desired concentration will be reached on the 14th day after ovulation or on the 28th day of the cycle (that is, 1 day before the start of the expected menstruation) .

But this is the concentration of the hormone in the blood! Desired concentration HCG in urine by day after implantation lags behind that in the blood by about 1-2 days. That is, the test will be positive for about 1-2 days of delayed menstruation.

But there are ways to “cheat” a little and find out information earlier. Here they are:

• Buy highly sensitive tests (look at the pharmacy box. It should indicate that the sensitivity of the test is not 25 mIU / ml, but, for example, 10 or 15).
• Collect more "concentrated" urine. The highest concentration will be in the morning urine, because. it has been accumulating for a long time - that is why pregnancy test should be done in the morning. And if you drink several glasses of water and do a test after that, the concentration of the hormone in the urine will be much lower.
• Take a look at the test. Often at very short terms you can see a very, very pale second stripe. If you notice such a "ghost" - it makes sense to repeat the test in a couple of days.
• Well, or just do not conjure with urine, but go to an independent laboratory and take a blood test for chorionic gonadotropin there. Of the minuses of the method, it is more expensive (the price of an analysis for hCG in Moscow is about 500-700 rubles, and the price of a pregnancy test is about 150).

Test positivity calculator.

To simplify calculations, we have created for youhcg calculator.Enter your cycle length in the box below and the calculator will calculate on what day the pregnancy test will show a positive result.

As well as the hCG table for the days after ovulation:

Conclusion. On what day will a pregnancy test show a positive result?

Let's summarize all of the above.

How long before my period can I take a pregnancy test?

2-3 days before your period if you use a highly sensitive test and morning urine. However, the most reliable results are at the end of the first week of delay.

And some of the most common questions that a girl has in connection with pregnancy tests:

Already too long delay, and the test is still negative, how long to wait?

If the date of the last ovulation is known, and more than 21 days have passed since it, and the test is negative, then it is worth visiting a gynecologist to rule out the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy, especially if symptoms such as pain or spotting are present.

On what day will a pregnancy test show a positive result with an irregular cycle?

If you have an irregular cycle, calculate the latest expected ovulation date. Add the length of your longest cycle to your last period and subtract 14. This will be your ovulation date for that cycle. Add about 15-16 days to this date - at this time, the test should already show the correct result.

What does it mean if one line on a pregnancy test is bright and the other is pale?

Most likely you are pregnant. Repeat the test in 1-2 days, on the morning urine.

That's all. I hope we were able, if not to answer all your questions, then at least to give an idea of ​​​​what mechanisms the mother's body works in early pregnancy. If you have any questions, you can ask them in the comments. And if you have already found two stripes on your test, then we advise you to read the article: “I am pregnant. 5 things to do in early pregnancy

Tests come with different sensitivities. 10 mIU / ml recognizes the pregnancy hormone (hCG) at a lower concentration. Such a test can determine pregnancy at an earlier date. Typically, most pregnancy tests have a sensitivity of 20-25 mIU/mL.

There are 4 types of pregnancy tests:

Test strips.

Attention! Spoiler!

(strip test)
It is necessary to lower the test strip for 10-20 seconds to a certain mark in a container with morning urine. The strip strip is impregnated with a reagent (antibodies to hCG). Morning urine contains the maximum amount of the pregnancy hormone (hCG). After that, put the strip on a horizontal surface and evaluate the result after a few minutes. If one red stripe - you are not pregnant, if two stripes - congratulations!

Attention! Spoiler!

(test cassettes)
This is most often the same test strip, but in a plastic tablet.

It does not need to be immersed in liquid. On the front side of the test are two windows. In the first window of a small box, you should drop a little urine with a pipette that is attached to the test, and the second (control) window will show you the result within a few minutes. Sensitivity and quality are the same as test strips, but the price is higher.

Attention! Spoiler!

State of the art tests.
The receiving end of the test just needs to be substituted under the stream of urine at any time of the day and after a few minutes - the result is ready, two strips or one. Inkjet tests are more expensive than tablet ones.

Attention! Spoiler!

In an electronic test, instead of a strip, the inscription “pregnant” appears if you are pregnant, and “not pregnant” if you are not pregnant. The electronic test is convenient because you do not need to break your eyes to see if there is a strip or not.
Electronic tests are the most expensive.

In what cases are there incorrect results?

False negative:

Attention! Spoiler!

1. if the test is done too early when the hCG level is very low
2. if the rules of the instructions are not followed and the test is carried out incorrectly
3. if you drink a lot of fluids, which can dilute the urine and reduce the concentration of the pregnancy hormone in it
if the test is overdue

False positive:

Attention! Spoiler!

1. in dysfunctional ovarian diseases
2. when the pregnancy hormone is produced by the tumor

Good to know:
Speaking about the fact that implantation usually occurs 7-10 days after ovulation, you need to know that sometimes early and late implantation occurs. The probability of implantation depending on DPO is presented in the list:
* 3-5 dpo - 0.68%
* 6 dpo - 1.39%
* 7 dpo - 5.56%
* 8 dpo - 18.06%
* 9 dpo - 36.81%
* 10 dpo - 27.78%
* 11 dpo - 6.94%
* 12 dpo - 2.78%
At the time of implantation, hCG is 2nmol, then 4nmol, 8nmol, 16nmol, 32nmol - and only in this case, when hCG exceeds 25nmol, the tests will show the second line of pregnancy !!! That is only 5 days. after implantation test will be positive...
Therefore, according to statistics, the test will only show at 14 DPO !!! Hcg in urine is lower than in blood.
From the moment of implantation, hCG increases exactly 2 times every day.

When to take a pregnancy test? -

A few decades ago, women found out about their pregnancy only 2-3 months after conception. And they were guided exclusively by general signs in the form of delays in menstruation or a sharp deterioration in well-being due to toxicosis. Today, it is much easier to find out about your “status”, because express tests for detecting pregnancy have appeared on the shelves of pharmacies. But how to use them correctly? How many days after ovulation should it be performed?

Show all

How does the test work?

So, a standard pregnancy test is a small cardboard strip with a special reagent applied to its surface. It reacts to the presence in the urine of chorionic gonadotropin - the so-called "pregnancy hormone". Why is it needed in the body? For adjustment physiological process synthesis of sex hormones. It is thanks to him that the corpus luteum, which remains in place of the ruptured folliculane, stops producing progesterone by the end of the menstrual cycle. That, in turn, is necessary to prepare the organs of the reproductive system (uterus, fallopian tubes, and in the future, the placenta) for bearing a child.

It is worth noting that human chorionic gonadotropin begins to be produced in the body almost immediately after the fertilization of the egg. That's why pregnancy tests can be used even before the moment when periodic menstrual bleeding should begin. So on what day after ovulation can you take a pregnancy test? The best option- by 14-18, but this is a conditional recommendation, because it is not possible to accurately calculate the moment of release of a mature egg from the ovary, as well as the moment of its fertilization. The germ cell itself retains its ability to inseminate for 24-36 hours. That is, you should take into account the total error of about 2-3 days.



Possible reasons for an incorrect result

This scenario is also allowed. Like, the conception was successful, but the test strip indicates that the level of chorionic gonadotropin is critically low (in very small concentrations it is produced even without pregnancy). What is it connected with? With the fact that in such tests the reagent has a composition in which it reacts exclusively to a high level of gonadotropin. This is done intentionally by pharmacists in order to exclude cases when the test indicated a pregnancy, which in fact is not.

And there are more modern methods detection of a fertilized egg. It's about about the so-called "jet" tests. The principle of their operation is similar to conventional paper strips, but the applied reagent is more sensitive. However, manufacturers openly indicate that such a tool has a high probability of a "false" result. And this can also be explained by the fact that the level of chorionic gonadotropin for each individual woman can vary dramatically.





HCG level norms

The concentration of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood is a purely individual parameter for each woman. According to data provided by the World Health Organization, its norm is:

• up to 15 units before pregnancy (after ovulation);
• from 25 units to 300 - at 1-2 weeks of pregnancy (average - 140-175);
• from 300 units to 5000 - at 2-3 weeks of pregnancy (on average - 1800-2200);
• from 5000 units ml to 30000 - at 3-4 weeks of pregnancy (on average - 18000-22000).



The level of hCG gradually increases up to 6-7 weeks of pregnancy, after which it stops. At the time of the birth of the baby, gonadotropin in the blood ranges from 4 to 18 thousand units per milliliter of blood.

Are there cases when hCG is kept at a critically low level throughout pregnancy, at which even testing cannot be carried out? This cannot happen physically, because if the concentration of the hormone is low, then the body automatically rejects the fertilized egg. In medical practice, this is referred to as "self-abortion of the fetus in early pregnancy." In such cases, consultations of a gynecologist and an endocrinologist are necessary. It is possible that the mechanism of hCG production is disrupted for some reason, which causes infertility.

And what can indicate a deviation from the norm of the level of hCG? When reduced, this is:

• violation of the functionality of the placenta (mainly occurs during the first pregnancy);
• the threat of spontaneous abortion;
• ectopic fixation of the fetus;
• frozen pregnancy.

But elevated level hormone may indicate:

• multiple pregnancy;
• malformations in the development of the fetus;
• genetic predisposition to a high concentration of sex hormones (not a disease and does not require any specialized therapy).

And yet, as practice shows, a slightly increased level of chorionic gonadotropin will be significantly increased if a pregnant woman has been diagnosed with diabetes (it doesn’t matter what type). The number of units of hormones per milliliter of blood in this case can exceed the norm by almost 1.5 times. Because of this, doctors often overestimate the conditional week of pregnancy when compiling a medical record.





The most favorable days for an express test

It is believed that it is best to do a pregnancy test after ovulation as much as 16-18 days. Then the probability of a true result is about 99.7% due to the high concentration of hCG. At this moment, if the test shows pregnancy, then, most likely, the result will be confirmed already when examined by a gynecologist or after an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.



But on the 10th day after ovulation, the probability of a false result is approximately 60%. It is for this reason that tests recommend buying 2 pieces at once, and even from different manufacturers. It is better to opt for regular "paper strips" rather than inkjet tests. And we should not forget that in each of them the manufacturer necessarily puts detailed instructions instructions for use, where recommendations are given for when exactly the test should be carried out.

And if already 3-4 days after DPO, the test showed pregnancy, is it worth trusting him? There is such a thing as conditional conception. This is when ovulation was normal, and a married couple at that time often made attempts to conceive a child, although in the end nothing happened (the probability of such an outcome is about 15%). Due to the fact that a high concentration of spermatozoa remains in the vaginal cavity for the next 3-7 days, the female body may respond inadequately to this by increasing the synthesis of gonadotropin. The increase in the concentration of the hormone will be insignificant, but this will be enough for the express test to respond to the biochemical change in the composition of the urine.

Therefore, it is virtually pointless to do a check after DPO for 3-10 days. With a probability of about 90%, the test will show the wrong result. It doesn't matter what kind of reaction you get.



Does time of day matter?

When to take a pregnancy test during the day: in the morning or in the evening? At what time will the result be more reliable? Doctors recommend that the test be carried out in the morning or at least in the first half (before lunch). At the same time, when possible, a few hours before the test, it is better to refrain from urinating and not drinking any drinks with a high sugar content.

And if after 5-10 minutes after waiting, the second strip is only slightly translucent, then this may indicate an early pregnancy. It should be remembered that it is almost impossible to accurately determine the period of ovulation. The only one possible variant to find out at home is to measure basal temperature and draw up a detailed graph of its change over several months. But very rarely, women do this, watching only the duration of the menstrual cycle.



And it also happens that it doesn’t matter on what day after ovulation the test was carried out, but the result is still doubtful. What to do in such cases? The best way- be examined by a gynecologist, take a blood test to determine the level of hCG, and then sign up for an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

In what cases is a questionable result the norm?

In a certain situation, you should not rely on the test result, regardless of how long after ovulation the test was performed. This is due to the fact that the reagent that is applied to the test strips can give an incorrect result if there are substances in the urine that are not normal for a pregnant woman. Simply put, if its biochemical primary composition is violated. Against what background can this happen? This happens, for example, if a girl took some hormonal drugs in advance, or used contraceptives from the same category.

A similar situation will arise if the woman was still taking antibiotics. By the way, it is worth considering that they reduce the effect of taking contraceptives (almost any category). There is a huge array of those factors that can ultimately affect the result of a rapid pregnancy test. How different will the real result be from what the test strip shows? Such information should be obtained from the manufacturer of such products (or look for it directly in the instructions).



Also, the test result, which was done 10-18 days after ovulation, can be affected by various diseases of the reproductive system or the most banal inflammation of the appendages. If a woman feels unwell or feels unwell, but at the same time she also has a delay, then it is better to seek help from a gynecologist as soon as possible. Due to chronic diseases in early pregnancy, there is a problem for the unborn baby. real threat. And then it’s better to do a comprehensive check of the body and take blood tests to detect infections and viruses (they are still, in fact, forced to pass when registering with gynecology).

In total, after ovulation, you should wait at least 10 days and only then carry out a pregnancy test. The ideal option is for 16-18 days, when the first few days of delay are conditionally determined. It is better to take the test itself several times with a break of 24-36 hours. And the final result of the analyzes is already voiced by the gynecologist on the basis of the studies. And it is not so important for which DPO test showed a positive result, because the main thing is the normal level of sex hormones, which confirms that the pregnancy is going well.