What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

3. "BY THE LAWS OF BEAUTY"

In the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844," there is one passage where Marx seemingly speaks directly about beauty and the role of its "laws" in human production practice. It has become an indispensable tradition for all those who write about the problems of aesthetics to cite these lines in order to further develop their own ideas, tacitly proceeding, as it were, from the Marxian position. For example, L. Stolovich refers to Marx's idea of creativity "according to the laws of beauty" and makes his own conclusion: "The laws of nature become the laws of beauty when, through them, a person asserts himself in reality." 14. It seems that Marx really supports the rather controversial idea of modification of objective laws and dependence on the degree of "self-affirmation" of a person. L. Zedenov, quoting the same place, adds his own phrase to it, the meaning of which is that a person creates in relation to “the measure of the human race” 15. Yu. Filipyev, referring to the same place, notes in accordance with his concept that “ the meaning of the concept expressed by Marx by the term “measure” is very close to that which is expressed in modern science by the concept of a signal ”16. K. Kantor writes that“ the “laws of beauty” are precisely the laws of purposeful labor ”17. Examples can be multiplied, until almost the entire circle of authors dealing with the problem of the aesthetic is exhausted.

It seems that we are faced with the very case when the established tradition (in no way doubting the sincerity of the predecessors' motives) is still better to break than to continue. Let us cite in full the paragraph from the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844", which is usually referred to.

"Practical creation the objective world, processing of inorganic nature is the self-affirmation of man as a conscious generic being, that is, such a being that refers to the genus as its own essence, or to itself as a generic being. The animal, however, also produces. It builds a nest or dwelling for itself, as a bee, beaver, ant, etc. do. But the animal produces only what it itself or its young need directly; it produces one-sidedly, while man produces universally; it produces only under the domination of an immediate physical need, while a person produces even when he is free from physical need, and in the true sense of the word only produces when he is free from it; the animal produces only itself, while man reproduces all of nature; the product of an animal is directly related to its physical organism, while a person freely opposes his product. An animal forms matter only in accordance with the measure and needs of the species to which it belongs, while man knows how to produce according to any kind of measure, and everywhere he knows how to apply an appropriate measure to an object; due to this, a person forms matter also according to the laws of beauty ”16.

The communal meaning of this passage is obvious. Marx speaks here of the fundamental difference between the free, universal creative labor of man and animal life. Despite the multiplicity of the proposed aspects of deep and comprehensive consideration of the issue, each of which could constitute the subject of a special study, the situation as a whole is stated crystal clear and does not require any comments. The only exception is the final phrase, where, as an addition to what has been said, the only idea that was voiced in the entire colossal theoretical legacy of Marx that man “forms matter also according to the laws of beauty "(italics mine .- O. V.). It is this thought that has never been clarified anywhere, either earlier or later, that every esthetician seeks to interpret in his own way.

What could Marx really have in mind here? Strictly speaking, one can only guess about this. While there was a translation of the Manuscripts, where instead of the word "measure" appeared "measure", it could be assumed, as, for example, G. Pospelov does, that to form matter according to the laws of beauty means "to create material objects [...] in accordance with with the ratios of "quality" l "quantity" underlying the entire internal structure of objects of each type, the ratio arising from destination of this kind. "

“People,” writes G. Pospelov, “are aware that the objects produced by them in their internal structure and external proportions fully correspond to their purpose, that they are created according to the“ measure ”of their appearance, that they are even to one degree or another perfect in their form and therefore they can fulfill their purpose with varying degrees of perfection ”19.

Such an interpretation of production "according to the laws of beauty", although it ascribes to the young Marx the understanding of beauty as perfection of its kind (which is hardly justified), it would have been possible if a new translation had not appeared, where the philosophical concept of "measure" expressing the relationship of quantity and quality, has been replaced by the word "measure", which exactly corresponds to the original. The word "measure" allows for a broader interpretation of Marx's thought. Judging by the content of the entire passage, the "yardstick" means your own internal regularity of any kind. The ability to apply an appropriate measure to an object during its production should obviously mean the ability to produce an object in accordance with its own cognized regularity. This is what distinguishes conscious and free, universal human creativity from the vital activity of an animal, which is unable to go beyond the limits of its "measure", remaining identical with its own vital activity.

But what role does the "laws of beauty" play here, according to which man "also" forms matter? There can be no doubt that it is necessary to immediately abandon any attempts to see in this phrase the discovery of some special objective-aesthetic laws of material creativity, acting in one way or another. parallel with the laws of truth, reflecting the laws of nature itself. Such an idea, although it would indescribably please some seekers of "objectively aesthetic outside of consciousness", of course, could not inspire the young Marx, since creativity according to such "laws" can only lead to the creation of "parallel * real phenomena, special, such as we remember rationally unknowable, mysterious "objective-aesthetic" phenomena. It seems that, in general, speaking seriously, there is no reason to impose on Marx the desire to solve the problem of the beautiful in a fundamentally new way for his time in the above passage.

The great scientist could not afford, having pondered over such a complex problem, and even more so having found or at least outlined a solution to it, confine himself to only one, once thrown phrase. Most likely, we have the right to consider this phrase as a passing comment, stating that the new, which he was really busy with, finds confirmation in something already generally accepted.

Indeed. Asserting that man, as a generic being humanly, and not egoistically "in spite of the existence and properties of things" 20 transforms reality, Marx internally polemicizes with the Hegelian understanding of material labor only as "finite", "unfree", "one-sided" activity of a person opposing nature. And in order to once again confirm his thought, he compares the creative possibilities of man with the possibilities of nature itself, which has become, thanks to labor, the "inorganic body" of man. For this, he turns to the Hegelian, non-controversial interpretation of the beauty of nature and argues that from this point of view, man forms matter in the same way that nature itself is capable of forming it.

“[...] We admire, - we read in Hegel, - the natural crystal with its correct form, which is generated not by external mechanical influence, but by its own internal definition [...] In crystals, the forming activity is not alien to the object, but such an active the form that belongs to this mineral according to its own nature ”21. As we can see, the beauty of the natural form is born here precisely as a result of the formation of natural material according to the object's own internal regularity. In other words, according to the very "appropriate yardstick" that a universally creative person can apply to the object he creates. Forming matter according to the measure of any kind, that is, as nature itself does, Marx completes his thought, man in the strength of this being done is able to form it also "according to the laws of beauty."

Offering to the attention of the reader this interpretation of the phrase that confused many minds, we emphasize once again that this, of course, is only an assumption, since neither direct nor indirect explanations of its meaning have come down to us. That is why it seems theoretically incorrect to use Marx's remark as proof of the correctness of our reasoning. The true, indisputable meaning of the above passage, including, by the way, its final phrase, is seen in the fact that Marx here affirms the idea that has been repeatedly confirmed: human labor, creating new human phenomena of reality, there is a rational creativity according to the known laws of nature itself, there is a rational, purposeful natural creation. “Labor,” we read in “Capital”, “is, first of all, a process that takes place between man and nature, a process in which man, by his own activity, mediates, regulates and controls the exchange of substances between himself and nature. He himself opposes the substance of nature as a force of nature [...] At the end of the labor process, a result is obtained that already at the beginning of this process was present in the human mind, that is, ideal. Man not only changes the form of what is given by nature; in what is given by nature, he realizes at the same time his conscious goal, which as a law determines the method and character of his actions and to which he must subordinate his will ”22.

From this Marxist idea of a new human stage of conscious and purposeful self-transformation of nature, we proceeded in all our reasoning.

Here, first of all, it should be emphasized that perception, as a result of which the feeling of beauty arises, is a creative act. In every phenomenon, beauty must be discovered, and in many cases it does not open immediately, not at the first contemplation. The discovery of beauty in the creations of nature is a secondary phenomenon in relation to the creative abilities of man. “For a person to be able to perceive the beautiful in the auditory or visual area, he must learn to create himself,” said A.V. Lunacharsky. This, of course, does not mean that only composers get pleasure from music, and only professional artists from painting. But a person is completely uncreative, with an undeveloped superconsciousness will remain deaf to the beauty of the world around him. For the perception of beauty, he must be endowed with sufficiently strong needs for knowledge, armament (competence) and economy of strength. It must accumulate in the subconsciousness the standards of a harmonious, expedient, economically organized, so that the superconsciousness will discover in the object a deviation from the norm towards exceeding this norm.

In other words, a person discovers beauty in natural phenomena, perceiving them as the creations of Nature. He, most often unconsciously, transfers to natural phenomena the criteria of his own creative abilities, his creative activity. Depending on the worldview of a given person, as such a "creator" he means either the objective course of evolution, the process of self-development of nature, or God, as the creator of all that exists. In any case, a person's consciousness does not so much reflect the beauty that originally exists in the world around him, but rather projects onto this world the objective laws of his creative activity - the laws of beauty.

Animals have positive and negative emotions as internal guidelines for behavior in the direction of what is useful or the elimination of harmful ones for their life. But, not being endowed with consciousness and sub- and superconsciousness derived from it, they do not possess those specific positive emotions that we associate with the activity of creative intuition, with the experience of beauty. Children up to a certain age do not have a feeling of this kind of pleasure. Hence - the need for aesthetic education and aesthetic education as an organic part of mastering culture, the formation of a spiritually rich personality.

Education involves the amount of knowledge about the subject of aesthetic perception. A person who is completely unfamiliar with symphonic music is unlikely to enjoy complex symphonic works. But since the mechanisms of subconsciousness and superconsciousness participate in aesthetic perception, it is impossible to confine oneself to education, that is, the assimilation of knowledge. Knowledge should be supplemented by aesthetic education, the development of the needs of knowledge, competence and economy of energy inherent in each of us. The simultaneous satisfaction of these needs can generate aesthetic pleasure from the contemplation of beauty.

The main form of development of superconsciousness in the first years of life is play, which requires fantasy, imagination, everyday creative discoveries in the child's comprehension of the world around him, The selflessness of play, its relative freedom from satisfying any needs of a pragmatic or social armament took a dominant place.

Here we are very close to answering the question of why a utilitarian useless thing, a false scientific theory, an immoral act, or an erroneous movement of an athlete cannot be beautiful. The fact is that the superconsciousness, which is so necessary for the discovery of beauty, always works for the dominant need, which is steadily dominant in the structure of the needs of a given personality.

In science, the goal of cognition is objective truth, the goal of art is truth, and the goal of behavior dictated by a social need "for others" is good. The expression in the structure of the motives of a given personality of the ideal need for knowledge and the altruistic need “for others” we call spirituality (with an emphasis on knowledge) and soulfulness (with an emphasis on altruism). The needs that are directly satisfied by beauty are inextricably linked with the motivational dominant that initially initiated the activity of the superconscious. As a result, "pure beauty", in Kant's terminology, is complicated by "accompanying beauty". For example, the beauty in a person becomes a "symbol of the morally good", since truth and goodness merge in beauty (Hegel).

It is the mechanism of activity of the superconsciousness, "working" on the dominant need, that explains to us why beauty "free from any interest" is so closely connected with the search for truth and truth. "Beautiful lies" can exist for some time, but only at the expense of their plausibility, pretending to be the truth.

Well, what about those cases where the dominant need for which the Superconscious is working is selfish, asocial or even antisocial? After all, evil can be no less inventive than good. Malice has its own brilliant finds and creative insights, And yet "beautiful villainy" is impossible, because it violates the second law of beauty, according to which the beautiful should be liked by everyone.

Recall that empathy is not a direct reproduction of the emotions experienced by another person. We empathize only when we share the cause of the experience. We will not rejoice with a traitor who cleverly deceived his victim, and we will not empathize with the villain's upset over a failed atrocity.

The need-information theory of emotions also exhaustively answers the question of how art depicts the terrible, ugly, disgusting phenomena of life. The need satisfied by art is the need to know the truth and the good. The emotions that arise in this case depend on the extent to which this work has satisfied our needs and how perfect its form. That is why a truly fictional work will evoke positive emotions in us, even if it tells about the dark sides of reality. The face of Peter from Pushkin's "Poltava" is terrible for his enemies and as beautiful as God's storm for the author of "Poltava", and through him - for the reader. So let's emphasize again. Assessments of the type "useful - harmful" contribute to the preservation of the physical existence of humans in a broader sense - the preservation of their social status, the values they create, etc., and "useless" beauty, being an instrument of creativity, is a factor of development, improvement, movement forward ... Striving for the pleasure provided by beauty, that is, satisfying the needs of knowledge, competence and economy of energy, a person forms his creations according to the laws of beauty and in this his activity he himself becomes more harmonious, more perfect, spiritually richer. Beauty, which must surely be "liked by everyone," brings him closer to other people through empathy for the beautiful, again and again reminds of the existence of universal human values.

Perhaps that is why “beauty will save the world” (F.M.Dostoevsky).

And the last thing. Is beauty the only language of superconsciousness? Apparently not. In any case, we know one more language of superconsciousness, the name of which is humor. If beauty asserts something more perfect than the average norm, then humor helps to sweep aside, overcome obsolete and exhausted norms. It is no coincidence that history moves in such a way that humanity will happily part with its past.

We again met a beautiful object: a thing, a landscape, a human act. We are aware of their beauty and strive to attract the attention of other people to it. But why is this object beautiful? It is impossible to explain this with words. The superconsciousness informed us about it. In your own language.

Pavel Vasilievich Simonov is an academician, a specialist in the study of higher nervous activity. Previously published: "Science and Life" # 4, 1989.

1 William of Ockham (1300-1349), "Doctor invincibilis" (invincible teacher) - the most prominent English nominalist philosopher. He believed that it is impossible to cognize God by thinking and to give irrefutable proof of his existence. You just have to believe in God. As for philosophy and science, they must free themselves from the dictates of theology. Ockham and his students influenced the development of such scientific concepts and principles of mechanics and astronomy as Copernican celestial mechanics, the law of inertia, the concept of force, the law of fall, as well as the application of the coordinate method in geometry. D: FantsSl, 1997.

Russian folk wisdom reflected this in a playful catch phrase: "Why does a goat need a button accordion?"

Good day, dear friend!

According to the laws of beauty, the book by Yakov Damsky, on the pages of which you can enjoy immortal creations at the chessboard and reflect on what beauty is in chess.

Name: According to the laws of beauty
Released in 2002, Ripol Classic
Volume 384 pages

What is this book about?

What is beauty in chess? Harmony of pieces, combination, non-standard solutions, or maybe consistency in using the opponent's mistakes?

This, and much more, is said in the book of Yakov Damsky. Beautiful games and reflections on the theme of chess aesthetics are presented.

It is not at all necessary to go on stage for championship matches, play in super tournaments, etc.

When in the evening, after a hard day, we sit down at the board with a neighbor or family member - each of us is more latent than consciously - striving to win. To once again assert itself. Or just express yourself creatively.

Self-expression through creation, search, flight of thought, fantasy. Embodiment on the chessboard of intuition, the flight of the soul.

This is the craving for aesthetics, beauty and harmony of the chess game.

Albert Einstein once said:

No one is able to get out of the magic circle of beauty, who once entered this circle.

He talked about chess.

about the author

Yakov Vladimirovich Damsky(April 24, 1934, Vitebsk - July 29, 2009, Moscow) - Soviet master of sports of the USSR in chess, writer, journalist, radio and television commentator. International arbitrator.

The book has 3 chapters:

Beauty or its myth
First glance, last glance
Aesthetics rating

The last chapter is the longest. It lists the games that became laureates of the famous "Chess Informant" in different years. Top rated games for aesthetics.

In 1988, the FIDE Special Commission on Chess Aesthetics was born. Now any chess player in the world has the theoretical opportunity to send any game of his, carefully commented, to be recognized as the “creation of the year” and receive a prize.

However, it's not about the prizes. "Beauty in itself attracts hearts that see and know it" ... This phrase by Cervantes is used as an invisible epigraph by everyone who sits down at the chessboard.

To download a book in djvu format

Thank you for your interest in this article.

If you find it helpful, do the following:

Share with your friends by clicking on the social media buttons.
Write a comment (at the bottom of the page)
Subscribe to blog updates (form under the social media buttons) and receive articles to your mail.

A source: L. Zhivkova. According to the laws of Beauty. (Library "Ogonyok" №40) Compiled by V. M. Sidorov, editor Yu. S. Novikov. - M .: Publishing house "Pravda", 1979.

In recent decades, the life of humanity on our planet has become more dynamic, intense, full of problems. The political, social and cultural atmosphere in which the development of different countries and peoples is taking place today determines the nature of the material and spiritual environment in which the evolution of mankind takes place at the present historical stage. Life constantly confronts mankind with new tests, phenomena that are new in nature and tendencies are determined, and many complex and varied processes are taking place in parallel. As a whole, they contain and reveal the potential forces and energy that humanity has at its disposal both to overcome current acute and urgent problems, and to form and develop the content of subsequent stages in the life of people and the planet.

The present stage of human evolution can definitely be characterized as an age of truth and cooperation. Undoubtedly, in the existing historical conditions, we have not yet exhausted the potential possibilities of these concepts. But the very fact that they daily reveal their value and a chain of cause-and-effect relationships arises that condition and shape the process of universal human evolution, makes it necessary to deeply penetrate into their essence, their true significance. A conscientious and responsible attitude towards cooperation will give a number of advantages to future generations in accelerating the development of mankind.

With a careful analysis of the essence of the concept of "truth" and consideration in this aspect of the main, leading processes taking place today in the life of peoples and the entire planet, in our minds such vivid phenomena as the purposeful organized struggle of mankind for the establishment of universal peace, for the transformation of disarmament into irreversible process, as well as such phenomena as the aggravation of class and social contradictions, the struggle to establish a more just economic and social order, overcoming acute contradictions in the international arena by the joint efforts of all interested countries and peoples, the transformation of art and culture into a powerful factor of cooperation and rapprochement peoples, the rapid development of science and technology, the exit of thought and man beyond the Earth, its ever deeper penetration into space and the disclosure of the secrets of the Universe.

As already manifested or emerging, these tendencies underlie the listed and other processes, they reflect not only the historical predetermination of the era, but also broader and more reliable knowledge by human consciousness of the essence and nature of the evolutionary spiral development. In their inner dialectical unity, the concepts of truth and cooperation are indivisible. Outwardly, they can manifest themselves in various forms, but their real essence and significance is revealed in close relationship. Truth is inconceivable without cooperation, and cooperation is the birth of truth, unity and ever deeper penetration and disclosure of the basic laws and principles operating in the Universe.

Our century is called the century of science. And this very definition characterizes the increased intellectual and spiritual capabilities of mankind. New branches of scientific knowledge are constantly emerging, including at the junction of related sciences - a circumstance that persistently leads to the assertion in social practice of the need for the integral development of scientific knowledge about science and man. Extension and intensification of life in various spheres and areas again rivets human attention to the assimilation of fundamental scientific disciplines, to the complex and integral study and analysis of processes and phenomena occurring in the course of the evolution of nature, humanity and society. The ideas of man and the science of reality in which the individual exists are constantly changing and enriched. The concept of the scale of the orbis terraarum (the sphere of the earth - the world) changes and expands every year. Various fields of science are constantly discovering new, more accurate knowledge about man, physical nature and space. Human consciousness and modern science are already able to accommodate knowledge about the universal unity of life in the Universe.

Experimentally and speculatively, the inner unity and conditionality of the processes and patterns that occur and manifest themselves in the life of man and nature are constantly being proved. The interest in the problems of existence, structure and functioning of consciousness is deepening, the relationship between the macro- and microcosm, between man and the Universe is being investigated. With the entry of mankind into the space era, the possibilities of penetration and disclosure of the secrets of life and nature are steadily expanding, the clarification of the relationship that exists between the hidden natural forces and the potential force inherent in nature in man himself, the force that determines the process of his evolution.

Today, humanity is faced with such acute problems as the energy crisis, lack of basic raw materials and materials, the inability of a number of countries and regions of the planet to meet the most urgent needs of the majority of the population. That is why one of the significant problems that concern science and specialists in various fields today is a justified interest in hidden (latent), unawakened forces and capabilities inherent in nature in the human individual.

This problem has long worried and is worrying the most prominent thinkers of all eras and civilizations. But in our time, the prospects for its solution have become much more real. Penetration into the essence and specifics of the main processes underlying human evolution will make it possible to apply and use this knowledge much more widely in solving a number of the most pressing specific problems, equip humanity with knowledge and experience that it can use to control and guide the process of formation and development of the individual. and public consciousness. Without a deep understanding of these laws, without disclosing the specifics and essence that underlie the potential creative principle, which is given by nature to each human individual, it is impossible to accelerate and make the development of human society more dynamic.

The rapid, incessant growth of the material base will lead to the inevitable conclusion about the disproportionate relationship in the development of this base and human consciousness. The inconsistency that exists in the evolution of the material base itself, and the lag in the development of human and social consciousness now more than ever, determine the historical need for a deep mastery of the fundamental laws and principles that underlie universal human evolutionary development and depending on which the formation and transformation of consciousness occurs ...

The need for the integral improvement of the spheres of public life, complex and long-term planning of socio-economic processes has attracted the accelerated development of the science of management in recent years. The introduction of the management mechanism and cybernetic systems into the organization and management of various socio-economic spheres of life is being carried out more and more broadly and purposefully.

Management science is improving its forms and methods of organization and planning more and more, and this trend will undoubtedly expand and deepen, and will cover new areas of activity.

But regardless of the evolution of the social management system, it can be said with certainty that in the next decades interest in the science of man will continue to grow, which is increasingly being firmly established in social practice. This science will lead to a more mature management and leadership of the individually creative processes of human development and improvement. Interest in the potential forces of the human personality will draw the attention of science and specialists even more to the problems of organizing internal mental, mental and emotional processes in the movement of a person and society.

The unity of the processes that determine the physical formation of the human body, its mental, emotional and mental structure, which characterizes the volume and quality of each type and level of consciousness, a clear relationship that exists between the mental energy balance of an individual person and the cosmic balance of energy, make the integral complex development of science necessary about man and nature. Integration of all scientific disciplines, focusing their attention on the essence of human evolution will open up new unlimited possibilities for science itself and, above all, will contribute to the acceleration of the evolution of mankind.

In order to be able to really put into practice an integral approach in studying the problem of human evolution, to coordinate the efforts and capabilities of various scientific disciplines and specialties, it is necessary to master the scientific approach to the study of reality in its global aspect, to carefully study and analyze the relationships that exist in the macro- and microcosm. It is necessary to approve the integral-synthetic method in the study of the formation and evolution of the human individual and his consciousness.

Today, the need to integrate such areas of human activity as science, education, art and culture is increasingly felt. And this pattern is not at all accidental. It is dictated by the requirements of life itself, the historical stage at which humanity is now.

In all epochs and civilizations, man has always been the most significant productive force. This indisputable fact turns the spheres of art, culture, education, science - the spheres most closely connected with the formation and development of the individual - into the most important productive forces, on which the nature and quality of the material and spiritual production created will increasingly depend. This tendency, undoubtedly, due to the truth contained in it, in the coming decades will become increasingly stronger and stronger.

The National Party Conference held in the People's Republic of Bulgaria thoroughly and comprehensively discussed the issue of increasing the efficiency and quality of socially useful labor. Naturally, in order to establish in practice and in the process of building a developed socialist society the main strategic motto of the party "For high quality and efficiency", it is necessary to constantly improve the organization of social labor. But the problem of efficiency and quality is associated not only with the introduction of more advanced forms and methods of management and leadership of the social system. First of all, this is a problem that is closely related to and depends on the cultural and spiritual level of the nation, the strengths, capabilities and abilities of each human individual to understand and take on the responsibility of a citizen, an indivisible particle of a single social organism. The very essence of the concept of efficiency and quality is most directly related to individuals, with the question of the strength and ability of each person to organize and exercise leadership in their emotional, mental, mental and spiritual life. This circumstance is reflected in the quality and efficiency of externally manifested, implemented labor.

When considering the issue of organizing and improving social labor, it is necessary to pay special attention to the issue of organizing and guiding the process of forming and developing human consciousness. The multilateral processes that characterize the development of mankind at the present stage make it necessary not only to master the integral approach to the development of the social system. Modern evolutionary trends require mandatory approval in the educational and educational practice of an integrated integrated approach to the development of the human personality.

Humanity has accumulated tremendous knowledge in various areas of life. Which, no doubt, will expand. The tendencies towards a comprehensive and universal analysis of ongoing natural processes and phenomena will intensify. In order for an individual to be able to assimilate and assimilate such a significant amount of knowledge about nature, man and society, it is necessary to even more widely introduce new forms and methods of teaching into practice, starting from an early age, purposefully and constantly replenishing and expanding the amount of knowledge and experience of a person. ...

To implement the idea of integral and complex formation of consciousness, it is necessary to set the main goal around which to concentrate individual elements of knowledge. The highest and ultimate goal of human existence is directly related to the need for the all-round and harmonious development of man and society. To study and master the laws, principles and laws operating in nature in order to be able to change reality according to the laws of beauty is the most beautiful goal.
man, worthy of him as an intelligent living being.

When the thoughts, aspirations and actions of humanity are directed towards the most beautiful in life, then true knowledge will be affirmed, and cooperation will become a necessary condition for the convergence and familiarization of man and society with the ideal of the beautiful. The development process is impossible without constant improvement. This imperative stems from the very essence of evolution. Nature and man will tirelessly reveal and unfold their potential powers and capabilities. The very thought of improvement should generate joy, and creativity and work should be enjoyable.

At the present stage, socialist society is developing according to the law "From each according to his ability, to each according to his work." The main goal of a mature socialist society is associated with the further strengthening of the material and technical base and, in accordance with social specific conditions and opportunities, with the full satisfaction of not only material, but also the spiritual needs of people.

The issue of improving the quality and efficiency of socially useful labor is the main problem of the development of our country at this stage. And the more ambitious, the more complex the tasks are put forward in the course of the socio-economic, political and cultural development of the country, the more acute the question of the place and role of the subjective factor - the person - will be. The level of individual human consciousness, the nature and quality of a person's individual return to work are reflected in the quality and productivity of social labor. That is why the question of changing the nature of labor is becoming more urgent today. This issue is connected not only with an increase in the level and quality of labor productivity and the resulting new forms and methods that need to be introduced in order to improve the organization of labor, but above all with the problem of the nature, directions and rates of evolution of human society in general, with forms and methods, which should be used and approved in social practice in the process of formation and transformation of human consciousness.

In the last century, the classics of Marxism examined in detail the question of the nature of labor and its productivity from the point of view of class society. And they foresaw that in the new social conditions, labor will increasingly turn into a creative need, which will form the basis of the evolution of society and individual individuals. It is no coincidence that the basic law, according to which the communist society will develop, contains a qualitatively new characteristic of the next stage of evolution: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." This formulation, which has the force of law, concerns primarily the qualitative changes that must occur in the minds of people and in the content of their labor activity.

This law is not only related to the nature of the material base, but directly concerns the person himself, it kind of predicts the evolutionary path that a person and human society will have to go through in order to live out of perceived necessity. And any objective necessity is itself a law. The evolution of the Universe, nature and man proceeds in accordance with the current universal laws. But in order to understand and study well the essence of these laws, man and humanity have gone and continue to go a long and difficult path of deepening human knowledge, improving individual and social consciousness.

The basic law of society, which will operate under communism, in a synthesized form contains the essence of the change that must occur in the character and quality of human consciousness, in work and relationships in the period when the free human will and spirit will begin to control and consciously dominate the spontaneously flowing natural and social processes.

Our socialist society has set itself the task of gradually entering the stage of communism at the end of this - beginning of the next century. Consequently, in the new social conditions, consistent and purposeful work must be carried out to create the necessary social conditions for such a transition, for qualitative changes in the nature of labor. Of course, this problem should not be absolutized. One should not think that such a shift may occur in the next decades.

The very organization of society of a new, socialist type has led to the creation of conditions for massive changes in the nature of social labor, which are directly related to the level and quality of the new consciousness of people.

The change and transformation of consciousness is an internal process, undoubtedly, to a certain extent dependent on external conditions. However, at the moment when the desire to develop and improve becomes a conscious need, the process of self-improvement begins to develop at an accelerated pace. This objective necessity will increasingly attract the attention of people. It will inevitably turn into the need for obtaining scientifically grounded knowledge about the essence of the processes taking place in consciousness, studying and mastering the basic principles and laws through which conscious self-control and dynamic transformation of human consciousness are possible.

It is always necessary to take into account the dialectical conditionality that exists between the quality and level of consciousness and the nature and quality of work when it comes to the development and formation of the human personality and, of course, when the question of improving the organization of labor is raised in international and national plans. The quality, intensity and nature of the mental, emotional and psychological world of a person determine the nature and true value of a person, and are reflected in the quality and level of realized social labor. Moral and ethical norms, the ability of aesthetic perception, the breadth, depth and accuracy of knowledge inherent in each individual consciousness, determine and reflect the essence of the worldview of each person and society, have a direct impact on the nature and productivity of labor.

In order for the human individual and society as a whole to be able to continuously reveal and improve their potential forces, capabilities and abilities that are hidden in them, it is necessary to expand the base on which consciousness is formed and developed; to study and expediently use the basic principles and laws that operate and manifest themselves in the process of human development and evolution; to realize the nature and essence of the creative principle inherent in each individual, through the awakening and purposeful disclosure of which it is possible for a continuous dynamic and steady improvement of humanity, the transformation of labor from an externally conditioned compulsion into a conscious creative necessity and need. Such a transformation of labor into a creative inner need is directly related to the problem of versatile and harmonious development of the individual, with the comprehensive and universal formation of human consciousness, with the development of a scientifically grounded comprehensive method of expanding and improving the abilities of the human personality and its consciousness for perception.

The Bulgarian people have set themselves a lofty goal - to develop a unified national program of aesthetic education. In order to correctly understand and understand the essence of the concept of "aesthetic education" and the task at hand, one must first of all understand the goal pursued by us.

The problems of aesthetics are considered from different points of view. Therefore, our goal is by no means limited to the task of supplementing and introducing some new aspects into the concept of aesthetics. The ultimate goal of aesthetic education is the formation of a comprehensively developed harmonious human personality and society according to the laws of beauty, the change and transformation of reality by the person himself according to the laws of beauty. This large-scale goal allows us to consider aesthetic education not only as a method of developing the ability to perceive certain artistic and aesthetic values by a person.

Once the goal is to form a comprehensively developed personality, society and reality, i.e. trinity, which should always be considered in its dialectical interconnection, interdependence and integrity, then, therefore, the very concept of aesthetic education should cover all reality - nature, man and human society - in order to prepare a person and society for such a life in which in their consciousness would reflect its entire complex.

For the practical implementation of the complex method of forming comprehensively developed harmonious individuals and society, it is necessary to introduce a complex-integral approach to the formation and development of a person. The awakening of the potential creative principle inherent in each individual is a necessary condition for the continuous development of consciousness, the transformation of labor into a creative necessity, the formation of the necessary qualities and personality traits, which will create and create according to the laws of beauty.

Striving for the truth and beauty of daring will liberate human thought and consciousness, free from the prejudices of the past, the limitations of petty and grayish egocentric consciousness, arm with courage, call for loyalty. And in such conditions, the researcher will have faith in his own strengths and capabilities, and he will consciously defend life according to the laws of beauty.

No one can determine the limit of the development of evolution. With the assertion of the need to improve a person, his labor will turn into an internal need. From an early age, people will learn to discover and organize their abilities, purposefully manage their mental, emotional and mental life, consciously integrate it with the highest goal and ideal of life. The unlimited ability of the human body to perceive, because nature itself has endowed a person with everything that is necessary for his evolution, they will consistently and purposefully train. Contact with beauty will become a necessary prerequisite, constantly changing and transforming consciousness, bringing new experience and knowledge. A self-developing individual who will steadily pursue his goal and, in the name of beauty and truth, overcome the inevitable difficulties and trials encountered in the development process, will organize and transform into a monolithic wholeness the individual elements of consciousness that they carry, will consciously sacrifice all the best that he has there is, in the name of the evolution of all mankind, in the name of the common good. In the course of this continuous developmental process, each worker will become a creator and creator. In the process of collective coexistence and social labor, he will consciously make his own creative contribution to changing reality according to the laws of beauty.

This is the responsible and noble mission of art and culture. It is time to overcome the limited view of these concepts and activities as areas divorced and isolated from wider social practice, closed in their own sphere. The universal unity of life, the dialectical dependence and conditionality of all social spheres, the need for a comprehensive coordination of social development - all this can and does occur only with the participation of a person. The integration of scientific knowledge is carried out only through the channels of human consciousness. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the base of the concepts of "art" and "culture".

Art has always been, is and will be a powerful means of shaping and changing the individual and the entire society. And as such it will always be affirmed and will take its rightful place in the development of human society.

The very concept of "culture" contains a multidimensional natural and human activity, which is revealed in the process of evolution. This is the unconscious or conscious striving of all beings for light, for truth and beauty. Culture is inextricably linked with the concept of evolution, and evolution is unthinkable without striving for truth. Both concepts are identical to movement. The spiraling process of evolution, which always manifests its capabilities at a higher level, in an unbreakable chain of development can be viewed from various points of view: from the cosmic, natural, historical, social, human, individual, etc. but no matter from what point of view we consider evolution, it is always unthinkable without culture, without the acceptance and approval of development and improvement as inevitable universally valid laws.

The stage of development experienced by mankind, the increased intellectual and spiritual abilities of people, the rapid development of science and the inevitable deployment of all these processes, on the one hand, difficult and acute problems that the planet will face by the end of the twentieth century, on the other, naturally and inevitably put forward on the agenda of the day the question of the holistic and complex development of the human personality.

History knows many examples of versatile personality development. And it will not be an exaggeration to say that, with rare exceptions, the intellectual and spiritual achievements of these individuals, their merits in the development of one or several areas of life, did not always meet with the full approval and understanding of their contemporaries.

We will not dwell on the reasons for these, so often recurring phenomena in the history of the human race. But we can say with certainty that this is a natural law of evolution, since the thought and consciousness of advanced people for decades, and sometimes even for centuries, outstripped the development of ordinary individuals who were not able to absorb new things into their consciousness. Therefore, the inevitable and natural reaction in such cases was either denial or underestimation of innovation, and in the worst case, a struggle against everything new and progressive.

But despite all the difficulties in which these personalities developed and created, their striving to comprehend the truth, their faith in the highest goal of life has always triumphed. It is pertinent to ask the question: from what sources did these people draw their strength and courage? What reason forced them to go against the stream, those obvious conditions in which society and other individuals developed in order to reveal the objectively existing laws and laws of nature, human and social practice?

There can be only one answer to these questions: real knowledge of these laws and processes themselves, awareness of the need for movement, understanding of the inevitability of evolution, as well as high moral responsibility for the fate of humanity, selfless dedication and love for one's work in the name of the triumph of truth, beauty and humanity.

It would be an illusion to think that such examples refer only to the distant or recent past. To argue from such positions, in essence, is tantamount to ignorance of a number of objectively operating laws and regularities associated with the essence and nature of the evolutionary process itself - both in nature and in society, unwillingness to reckon with them. Of course, today there are much greater opportunities for a correct and conscious attitude to the all-round and universal formation of the personality, to individuals with similar tendencies of development. The same is evidenced by the increased interest of representatives of a number of scientific disciplines and specialists in different areas of life in the problems of the hidden reserves of man and nature.

This justified interest is dictated by the awareness of the fact that humanity and science are on the verge of discovering great secrets about the essence of life and the Universe, nature and man. There is no doubt that these secrets over time will be more and more revealed to science and mankind. And this obliges us to prepare the present and future generations much better and more purposefully, so that they are able to accommodate in their minds such an idea of the world that greatly exceeds our ideas about it.

Hence the need for the introduction of new forms and methods of education and upbringing, which would contribute to the accelerated formation of more developed abilities of human consciousness for perception, conditioned by the present historical stage of development. This presupposes both a more harmonious physical development of the human body and a more perfect human ability for emotional perception, as well as a higher level of mental and mental activity and ability, holistic harmony and coordination of the mental side of human life.

Of course, these problems are difficult to study, to put into practice. First of all, it is necessary to delve into the deep essence of the questions posed. Complex in their totality, they need consistent and comprehensive study from different angles and points of view - both the humanities and the exact sciences.

Along with this, skepticism about the possibilities of a person and society to form and develop comprehensively and harmoniously should be overcome. The difficulty also lies in the fact that objective and subjective regularities operate in parallel in the developing Universe. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully and deeply, consistently and patiently analyze the law of unity in diversity and diversity in unity so that on the basis of evolutionary development it would be possible to predict natural phenomena and human practice.

The universal unity of the human race does not exclude the possibility of a diverse differentiated disclosure of the talents and abilities of each individual. Therefore, one must reckon with the fact that general principles and laws will act in accordance with the specific characteristics and consciousness of each individual, each personality.

Each person is subjectively objectified in reality, and at the same time, objective conditions exert their influence and influence on the formation and development of each individual individual. The dialectical conditioning of the subjective-objective in the process of evolution appears in all its true complexity and versatility, when this law must be investigated and analyzed in all its all-embracing global essence.

If we take into account this law, the corresponding principles and laws through which it manifests itself and acts, then it becomes clear that the problem of the all-round and harmonious development of an individual individual should always be considered from the point of view of relativity. Any comprehensive and harmonious development will always be relative both in time and in place, both in quality and in volume. And there is nothing unscientific or strange in this, for the manifestation of every law and every regularity is conditioned by the conditions of the development of society at this stage. Considered from the standpoint of the general evolutionary law of development (which, in essence, is a continuous change in both objective and subjective conditions), any manifestation, therefore, will be relative in relation to the subsequent evolutionary process and stage.

When the question of the all-round and harmonious development of man and society is raised, then we are not talking about the absolutization of concepts, but about how to maximally create the necessary historical and social conditions for the faster development of mankind, the purposeful inclusion of human consciousness, its development in accordance with the highest and the ultimate goal of human evolution, inherent in him by nature itself.

Without a doubt, at the stages of mature communism and its highest stage, people will live and develop according to the laws of beauty. Labor will become an internal need, the abilities and inclinations of each person will find their open and free manifestation. The qualitative changes that will occur in consciousness will be conditioned by moral and ethical shifts, more accurate and correct knowledge that people will have, a rethinking of much larger historical experience, a deeper understanding of the real value of cooperation, the striving of creative searches into the vast cosmic expanses of the Universe, the triumph of striving to eternal improvement and harmony.

But in order for this age-old dream of mankind to be realized more quickly on our small planet, the conscious efforts of a number of generations are needed. And we can be proud that we, the people of the 20th century, have had the historical honor of speaking freely and openly and dreaming, working and fighting for the sake of realizing this highest communist ideal.

Developed by the Committee of Culture of the NRL, a comprehensive program for the consistent analysis of the creativity and life path of a number of encyclopedic personalities, such as N.K. Roerich, Leonardo da Vinci, Tagore, Cyril the Philosopher, Lomonosov, Einstein, Peter Beron, Goethe, Patriarch Euphtimius, Jan Comenius, as a genius V.I. Lenin (this list could be continued indefinitely, because every people, every era gave birth to people of genius), is directly related to the main directions of cultural policy pursued by the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The idea of such a program, its implementation directly stems from the scale of the goal of aesthetic education. There can be no doubt that it will arm us with new knowledge, breathe new strength and confidence into us, instill in people the desire to comprehend the heights of the beautiful; it will provide new material for scientific thought, will help to comprehensively solve the problem of aesthetic education on a national scale.

All these genius personalities, depending on the socio-economic and historical conditions in which they lived and were formed, depending on the goals and ideals they were striving for, in their search for truth did not start from the same starting points. Each of them has specific features, each showed himself in one or another area of life, received one or another assessment and recognition of mankind and history. Very often their life and work were misjudged, and they were unfairly accused, but all this does not detract from the value and importance of their life and creative path. It's just that those who were unable to accommodate their enduring knowledge and merits into their consciousness were sooner or later discarded by the course of evolution itself.

A thorough and in-depth study of the creative feat of the titans of human thought, belonging to all peoples, will enrich not only our knowledge, but also our ideas about reality and life. Everyone who tries to follow their path, will come into contact with the traits of their individuality, will be able to adopt a particle of their everyday and spiritual experience, gain strength and courage, knowledge, realized as a real force. Their example will always be before us - now and in the future.

Maybe some will ask: why did we engage in such a cultural event as a comprehensive study of the personality and creative path of Nicholas Roerich? What prompted us to do this?

Such a question is likely to be asked and will be asked. There is hardly one scientific answer to it. Each questioner should try to answer this question himself. This will be the most correct approach to penetrating into the essence of this creative work of great importance, to individual self-knowledge. Usually we are attracted by what we carry ourselves and what we are ready to perceive. And in this respect, acquaintance with the versatile creative activity of N.K. Roerich makes it possible for many of us to get to know not only ourselves better, but also to join pure and highly humane thought, direct our searches towards an amazingly beautiful and pure world, which in its holistic sound and expression is closely connected with the beautiful goal of conscious self-sacrifice in the name of a bright and just the future.

In the creative path of the great Russian humanist, not only two eras are refracted and reflected - the epoch of dying off capital and the emerging new epoch of October. In his work as an artist, writer and poet, past and future are crossed, faith and daring of the new are born, which is always our present. The original Russian spirit is invariably present in the artist's work. However, it rises to the level of the universal human need for cooperation and mutual understanding, gives rise to a new desire to search for higher ideals. In his work, there is a call for the unification of mankind in the name of the future, in the name of saving the human race from ignorance and the horrors of destruction.

On the eve of the Second World War N.K. Roerich raised the banner of peace high and called for the unification of countries and peoples under the auspices of culture. He recalled the need for a conscious struggle, to protect the material and spiritual values of life, called for the unity of cultures and civilizations, science and art in the name of the future, which was threatened by the danger of war.

Roerich approaches the study of reality from various angles. Analyzing his work, it is difficult to draw a sharp line between his work as an artist, poet, researcher, public figure, writer, philosopher, scientist. The assimilative abilities of his consciousness are developed to a very high degree. He rethinks and analyzes the age-old experience of more than one culture and civilization, not one country and people. In the study of reality, a concrete analytical and synthetic method is constantly present in his creative method.

This specific feature in Roerich's approach to the problem of life is present not only in the work of the artist. This feature is clearly expressed in the actions and movements of his thoughts and is reflected in the books and poetry he created. Many constructions and forms of his thoughts have the power of generalizing concept-symbols, not because they represent some kind of incomprehensible and abstract symbolism, but because the power of his thought penetrates into a number of patterns and, through the possibilities of intellectual interpretation, expresses essential principles and patterns.

Creative synthetic activity of N.K. Roerich, who lived and worked in the twentieth century, is worthy of study and imitation. We can say that he is our contemporary, because we are all closely related to the problems and conditions provided by this century for our formation and development. The closer we get to know the creative approach and the essence of the multifaceted manifestation of N.K. Roerich, the better and more correctly we can answer the questions: Who is he? What is the purpose and meaning of his life? To what extent does it correspond to our ideas about the comprehensiveness and harmony of development? What contribution did he make to the development of the processes of cultural and social life of the twentieth century? How can his thought and creativity urge us, the inhabitants of the twentieth century, to strive to achieve greater beauty and harmony in life?

There is no doubt that all of you, the participants of this symposium, which is part of a comprehensive program, are concerned with the problem of human creative development, and in the process of your scientific discussions and conversations you will make your contribution of specialists to clarify complex and topical issues. And in this noble creative quest you will find moral support and gratitude from the Committee of Culture and the entire Bulgarian cultural community.

4th quarter, 7th lesson (6th grade)

LESSON TOPIC: According to the laws of beauty.

Lesson objectives: the formation of an emotional-value attitude towards the art of music.

Lesson Objectives:

Acquaintance with the music of the French composer C. Saint-Saens "Carnival of Animals", its intonational-figurative and genre nature, the peculiarities of the musical language in the embodiment of animal images;

Mastering practical skills and abilities; education of students' listening and performing culture; development of memory, speech, imagination.

Subject competencies

to expand the concept of sound paint as a means of musical expression;

find out what is in common between timbre and pictorial colors;

to enrich knowledge about the timbre features of the violin, cello;

to get acquainted with the work of the composer C. Saint-Saens

learn about the role of beauty in revealing the figurative content of music;

learn to listen attentively to the timbre-picturesque beauty of music;

develop vocal and choral literacy.

Information competence

find key knowledge in text material

develop an understanding of reading a musical-cognitive text (through reading musicological terms, memorizing their writing, reading expanded artistically designed texts);

be able to draw up short notes of the lesson material.

Communicative competence

foster a culture of communication through reading and playing musicological educational text (hear and listen to the answer of another student)

to form a culture of text analysis using the example of the "description" technique - a description of the timbre characteristics of musical instruments

Personal competence

direct yourself to building an independent route of communication with art

TYPE OF : Learning new material.

VIEW: Lesson - creativity, reflection.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, screen, magnetic board, check yourself cards; a table of means of musical expression; additional material about C. Saint-Saens, cards with the name of the suite's musical numbers.

Methods and techniques : method of immersion, emotional impact, verbal (conversation, story, explanation), visual, practical, comparison, juxtaposition, method of organizing and implementing educational and cognitive activities, method of introspection. Information and communication technologies, computer technologies, health-saving technologies.

Stage content

Teacher activity

Student activities

Organizing time.

Stage goal: preparation of students for educational activities.

The teacher's task: create conditions for effective work in the lesson. Attune students to work in the classroom by focusing their attention and hearing.

The task of the students: organize your workspace. Will tune

for creative work.

Methods: verbal, visual; method of stimulation and motivation - creating a situation of novelty.

The result of the teacher's activity: determination of the level of attention, activity, perception, the mood of children for the upcoming lesson.

Greets children.

Determines the level of readiness for the lesson (the presence of a notebook, pencils, pens).

Forms a positive attitude.

Interested in the upcoming work.

Please guess 4 riddles

1) Believe it or not in the zoo
There is a miracle beast.
He has a hand in his forehead
Looks so like a pipe!(Elephant)

2) There was a mustache child in childhood
And meowed like a kitten.
He growled, growing up,
Because it…. (A lion)

3) It has been this way since antiquity -
These birds are a symbol of loyalty.
Here they float on the water surface,
Delighting all people
Two whites ...(Swans)

Well done! Please tell me how you can name in one word who these riddles were about

Right! Oddly enough, today's music lesson will focus on animals.

By the end of the lesson, we will try to answer a serious question: "can we depict animals with the help of music?"

Organize a workspace.

Pay attention to their fit.

Tune in to active creative

work in the classroom.

Pay attention to the teacher .. Listen carefully to him. ?

(About animals).

Updating basic knowledge

Purpose of the students:

Get acquainted with the timbres of the instruments of the symphony orchestra.

Student challenge :

In an oral creative conversation, convey your response to the material heard and seen

listening to plays from the "Carnival of the Animals".

I'm sure you love animals. Let's imagine that animals and birds, like people, can have their holidays, and not just holidays, but CARNIVALS. What do you know about carnival?

The great French composer Camille Saint-Saens composed an amazing piece "Carnival of Animals", which I will introduce you to. And also gave this genre an interesting name "Zoological Fantasy"

Before we begin to get acquainted with the work, let's find out who is C. Saint-Saens?

C. Saint-Saens, composer of which country?

What musical instruments did the composer play?

What sciences, besides music, was C. Sense-Sans interested in?

What features does his music have?

What kind of society did the composer organize in 1871?

What occupation attracted him from early childhood and what does the composer remember about this period?

What does a composer need for his work to sound

What is the name of the sound of an instrument or a voice of a person?

Listen carefully to the timbres of musical instruments, we will need them for further work.

How do instrument voices differ?

Let's consolidate our knowledge : with the help of what means of musical expressiveness can you depict something?

Listen to and answer the teacher's questions.

Carnival is a celebration, fun, laughter, dances, masks, costumes, processions.

( Working with additional material ).

(Instruments)

(Timbre) The work of C. Saint-Saens “Carnival of Animals” was written for an instrumental ensemble - 2 pianos, 2 violins, viola, cello, double bass, flute, harmonium, xylophone, celesta.

(Timbre)

« check yourself "- the guys listen to the sounds of instruments, work with cards.

Learning new material

“Animal carnival ”- a program suite of 14 numbers, shining with humor, lightness of genre sketches, lyrical and tender.

Program music - instrumental music (most often symphonic music), which is based on a "program", i.e. any specific plot. The programmatic nature of the work is either reflected in its title, or stated in a specially prepared literary commentary. The source of the plot can be historical legends and legends.

Suite (French suite - sequence) is a cyclical musical form consisting of several contrasting parts.

You yourself will guess the characters of the musical carnival. And in order to correctly guess the animal shown in the music, we will carefully listen to unfamiliar music, determine musical colors: tempo (speed), register (pitch), timbre or musical instrument and enter the results into a table.

So who do you think will open the carnival and why?

Now you will listen to the first piece of music and try to guess who it is. First, there will be a short introduction, during which you can imagine how the animals preen themselves, put on masks, costumes and everyone has a joyful mood (I hope you do too!).

a) The Lion's Royal March sounds ».

Teacher: Right! This is a lion, because everyone knows that he is the king of beasts. I think that everyone heard the low passages of a piano very similar to the roar of a lion. What is he doing - running, hunting?

Right. It is no coincidence that this music is called "The Lion's Royal March", and the march is always a solemn procession.

What is this lion?

But how did the composer manage to convey to us the image of a lion so well? With the help of musical colors. Let's listen again and together we will try (or one of the children will come to the blackboard) to identify the musical colors that show the lion.

Tempo -moderate, because the lion walks and does not run, the register -short since a lion cannot roar in a high-pitched voice! Timbre -cello and grand piano.

b) Sounds "Chickens and Roosters" - filling out the table with the teacher.

v) Sounds "Antelope" -

G) Sounds "Turtles" -

e) Sounds "Elephants" -

We have successfully filled out the table. Looking at it, answer the question: Is it possible to depict various pictures in music using tempo, register, timbre?

Let's consolidate our knowledge : 1. Concert-mystery

Children express their options.

The lion walks, walks, roars.

Important, proud, independent, cheerful, frightening, with his head held high, etc. .

filling out the table yourself.

(Checking Results) Mystery Concert

Reflection. Lesson summary.

1. What definition of genre did the composer C. Saint-Saens give to his work “Carnival of Animals”?

2. What is a “suite”?

3. For what composition of musicians was the work written?

4. What musical means did the composer use when depicting the voices of birds, animals, and their movements?

5. What characters did you recognize after listening to the finale of Animal Carnival?

6. Is it possible with the help of music to depict the animal world, what is needed for this?

Homework

Drawings on the topic of the lesson