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During pregnancy planning or in case of impossibility of conception, young couples try to understand the reasons for this situation. Tests for blood group and Rh factor are some of the first tests that must be passed. These indicators will help not only indicate a probable problem, but also predict the further course of the gestation process and even the blood group of the unborn child.

The concept and methods of determining the blood group and Rh factor

Each person has an individual blood composition. However, doctors have identified several of its types with similar features. Belonging to any of them is determined by the content of proteins and erythrocytes in the blood. Various combinations of these components belong to one of 4 blood groups - I, II, III, IV.

In addition to the presence of any substances in the blood, rhesus is usually immediately determined. This parameter indicates the content of a certain component on the surface of red blood cells. People with a positive Rh have such a substance, but people with a negative one do not.

When creating a family and wanting to have a child, the couple face questions whether they are compatible with each other, what gender of the child will be, and whether or not they can have children. Most fertility specialists claim that blood type does not affect the ability to conceive. Having received this data about the parents, it is possible to predict with high accuracy the risk of pathologies in the planned baby.

The composition of the blood is stable and does not change with age. In medical sources, there is information that the Rh factor changes from time to time, but this is a misconception. This point of view was formed due to the weakly positive rhesus, which occurs in less than 1% of people. it special kind blood, in which the amount of antigen can change throughout life.

Do the blood types and rhesus of future parents affect the likelihood of conception?

There are two opposite opinions about the effect of blood on conception and pregnancy. Some doctors argue that a woman with 1 blood group cannot easily get pregnant from a partner with the same indicators. A girl with group 2 is only compatible with men of group 1 and 2. A woman with type 3 can expect a successful pregnancy from men with groups 1, 2 and 3, etc. If the partners have the same blood type, then the appearance of a joint child is unlikely.

Recently, more and more doctors refute this position. Reproductive problems in women can be caused by immunological incompatibility. The sperm of a man in this case are rejected by the female body. Sometimes this phenomenon is justified by the blood group of partners. In fact, this indicator does not matter - it is provoked by other reasons. This is currently being successfully treated.

Incompatibility between partners can occur with differences in the Rh factor. It is better to determine compatibility before planning pregnancy. Several analyzes will help avoid problems later.

Partners with the same rhesus are ideal for conceiving children. If the mother has a Rh factor with a plus sign, and the father has a minus one, then this will not affect the continuation of the family. Difficulties arise when a woman has a negative indicator in the event that a man has such a component in his blood.

Blood compatibility chart of partners for conception

You can predict the compatibility of a blood group with your partner using the following table:

If you find yourself incompatible with your partner, then don't get upset ahead of time. Recently, doctors have argued that this parameter is only important for medical procedures and does not in any way affect the possibility of carrying a baby and the likelihood of developing pathologies. This may not be the reason for not getting pregnant.

What is Rh-conflict, is it dangerous for mother and fetus?

A compatibility problem can only arise when the mother has a negative blood type and the baby has a positive one. In most cases, such incompatibility becomes known already at a long gestation period. During the first pregnancy, the situation is not dangerous, but problems may arise with the 2nd, 3rd and subsequent children.

A child born with Rh-conflict of parents may experience elevated level bilirubin, anemia, developmental delay and other unpleasant phenomena. During the neonatal period, such children need increased medical supervision.

If the mother's Rh is positive, and the baby's is negative, then the woman's body creates antibodies that fight the fetus like a harmful substance. During the first pregnancy, this does not pose a danger, because the resistance of these components is weak, and they do not penetrate the placenta. The kid does not suffer. However, in genetic memory such opposition remains, and during subsequent pregnancies, the woman's body resists more strongly. Antibodies can cause fetal death by attacking the baby's heart, kidneys, and liver, or premature birth.

This probability must be taken into account, even if the first pregnancy did not end with the birth of a child. To prevent Rh-conflict within 2 days after childbirth, abortion, miscarriages, a woman needs to enter an anti-Rh immunoglobulin. The faster a given drug is administered, the more effective it will be.

The concept of immunological and genetic incompatibility

If the partners are healthy, systematically have sex and do not protect themselves, but the woman cannot get pregnant, then this is a reason to seek medical advice. Incompatibility is spoken of when the following symptoms are observed:

• conception does not occur for 12 months, subject to regular sexual intercourse;
• miscarriages in the first 12 weeks after conception;
• intrauterine fetal death.

Various factors can affect the ability to conceive and bear a healthy child. To find out the cause of miscarriage, special tests are carried out and treatment is prescribed.

Immunological incompatibility is expressed in particular for antibodies in women. The immune system can perceive the components of a particular man's sperm as foreign and dangerous and reject it. This makes pregnancy less likely or impossible.

With the genetic incompatibility of a couple, there is a likelihood of having a child with deviations and various pathologies.

Possible reasons:

1. the presence of genetic diseases that can be inherited;
2. the age of men and women is more than 35-40 years old;
3. husband and wife are blood relatives;
4. poor environmental situation.

Complete incompatibility is extremely rare, and with partial conception and bearing is possible. The main thing is medical control from the first weeks of pregnancy.

Is it possible to prevent the incompatibility of partners in blood group and rhesus?

In order to avoid problems with conception, you need to take care of your health in advance. Girls are advised not to have abortions and blood transfusions.

When performing medical procedures, there is a possibility of injecting blood with the wrong rhesus. In this case, immunization against antigens occurs. Transfusion should be done only when indicated.

In the 21st century, blood type and Rh incompatibility is not a serious problem. It is unlikely that anyone would think of choosing a life partner based on these indicators. The main thing is to know about possible difficulties in advance. Modern medicine allows you to overcome problems with conception in such situations and helps to control the body's reactions.

If conception has occurred, and there is a likelihood of complications, then medical workers will try to do everything possible to preserve the health of the mother and the unborn baby. To reduce the risk of unpleasant consequences for a period of 28-29 weeks, the pregnant woman is injected with immunoglobulin. This will ensure the normal development of the fetus. After such therapy, a woman should take care of herself, since the immune system is weakened.

What blood group will the child have?

Geneticists are sure that blood composition is inherited from parents in the same way as all other characteristics. If there is data on the blood groups of the mother and father, then it is possible to predict the data on the composition of the baby's blood:

The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. There are about fifty types of these proteins. If at least one of them is present in the body future mother, it means that her Rh factor is positive, and if absent, then negative. At the same time, only the D antigen affects the occurrence of the Rh conflict.

The fact that a protein is present or, conversely, absent in the human body, does not mean that it has some kind of disease or pathology. It's just a genetic trait, just like eye color, hair color, or blood type.

According to honey. statistics, negative rhesus is not such a common occurrence, it occurs in only 15% of people in the world... And yet, if a woman is Rh-, you need to be especially careful about planning pregnancy, since every unsuccessful attempt can entail serious negative consequences for the possibility of becoming a mother.

How does it affect conception and fetus in the future?

The Rh factor by itself does not affect the likelihood and ease of conceiving a child, but the different Rh factor of the spouses will affect how the pregnancy will proceed later. So, the most favorable is the case when the rhesus of both potential parents is the same, but this is not always the case. Conception will not happen faster just due to the coincidence of the couple's Rhesus, since this process is influenced by a lot of factors, but pregnancy will be easier when the future dad and mom are both Rh-positive.

Rh negative in husband and wife also markedly reduces the risk of future problems.... When a child inherits a positive rhesus from the father with a negative mother's blood group, the development of a rhesus-conflict disease is possible.

We offer you to watch a video about the influence of the Rh factor on the course of pregnancy:

Does the absence of D antigen in the mother affect the bearing of the child?

Immunity protects a person from infectious diseases and this happens due to the fact that the body's antibodies destroy foreign proteins and antigens that have got into it.

If the mother's blood is Rh-negative, then, as her future baby is Rh-positive, the woman's body perceives the fetus as something alien and hostile, which is why it starts an immune attack against it. At the same time, the erythrocytes in the blood of the unborn baby are in particular danger, which are literally destroyed. This phenomenon is called Rh-conflict and, if nothing is done, this phenomenon can lead to very unpleasant consequences.

It should be understood that a negative Rh in the mother is not an indicator that the Rh conflict is inevitable.

In the event that a woman and the future crumbs of rhesus are negative, these problems simply will not arise. And even if the rhesus of the mother and the child does not coincide, it also does not always arise.

Is it possible to get pregnant with different or the same values?

If positive for a woman and a man

This combination is considered the most optimal. Most often, with him, pregnancy occurs quickly and there are no conflicts during conception.

If mom and dad are negative

As a rule, there are no problems with the possibility of conception in this case either. If infertility is present, then it is associated not with negative rhesus in both partners, but with some other reasons.

If the spouses are different

In this case, everything is not so simple. Most often, with different rhesus in partners, a woman manages to become pregnant, although it is not always possible to bear and give birth to a healthy child. In particular, pregnancy of a Rh-negative mother with a Rh-positive child can lead to problems of gestation, and if the situation is the opposite, then problems should not arise. The body of a Rh-positive mother will not react negatively to a Rh-negative fetus.

What is Rh-conflict in obstetrics, and why does it arise?

Rh-conflict pregnancy - what is it?

In obstetrics, this concept is understood as any pregnancy accompanied by the production of antibodies directed against the cells of the fetus. The very same Rh-conflict develops in the same way as any other immunological reaction. It arises due to the fact that a mother with a negative Rh factor and an unborn child who has a positive Rh exchange blood.

In this case, the mother's immune system regards the presence of the fetus in her body as a foreign threat and begins to produce antibodies against it. For this to happen, it is enough for a woman's body to get 35-50 ml of red blood cells of her future crumbs. Nevertheless, even if there is an incompatibility of the blood of the mother and the child for the Rh factor, the Rh conflict itself does not always arise.

For example, it happens that during such a pregnancy, antibodies may not be produced at all, or there are so few of them that they cannot cause serious harm to the health of the unborn baby.

There are a number of factors that increase the occurrence of Rh-conflict during gestation. And not all of these reasons are associated with the ingestion of the blood of her unborn child into the woman's body.

The more “bloody” the obstetric intervention was, the greater the risk of immunization... The same happens if there was no bleeding, but the placental barrier was violated.

• At caesarean section this risk increases by 52.5%.
• With manual separation of the placenta - by 40.3%.
• Antenatal bleeding increases it by 30%.
• And with eclampsia, when the placental barrier is violated, the risk is 32.7%.

We offer you to watch a video about what is Rh-conflict during pregnancy:

Probability when expecting the first baby

The first pregnancy is considered relatively safe in terms of Rh-conflict.... The fact is that usually the placenta reliably protects the fetus from the effects of antibodies, and they themselves either do not have time to form yet, or, if they are produced, then in very small quantities. Simply put, the mother's body does not seem to notice the developing fetus, and therefore the production of antibodies does not occur until the time when the child's blood begins to mix with the woman's blood.

In the normal course of pregnancy, this usually happens during childbirth.

The probability of a baby's contact with antibodies produced by the body of his Rh-negative mother is extremely small, although it is possible. In general, the occurrence of Rh-conflict during the first pregnancy is not frequent and is approximately 10%.

The likelihood of bearing the fetus a second time

During the second and subsequent pregnancies, the likelihood of Rh-conflict increases significantly. This is due to the fact that an Rh-negative woman already has time to develop immune memory, which leads to an increased formation of antibodies to the D antigen contained in the blood of her Rh-positive baby.

The second and any of the subsequent pregnancies, regardless of how they proceeded and how they ended, become a catalyst that triggers the production of antibodies in the mother's body.

However, this does not mean at all that a woman who has given birth to one child can no longer become pregnant, as this will certainly lead to Rh-conflict. It's just that a woman needs to be more attentive and responsible for the control over antibodies.

And the first thing that is required is not to refuse the injection of anti-rhesus immunoglobulin when it is prescribed by the attending obstetrician-genecologist, if the plans are to endure and give birth to a second baby healthy. This will allow the binding of foreign Rh-positive antigens and prevent the production of antibodies in the mother's body, which significantly reduces the risk of complications during subsequent pregnancy.

If during the first pregnancy, antibodies were not produced, and the serum of the immunoglobulin was injected on time, then when carrying a second baby, the likelihood of a Rh conflict will be equal to the same initial 10%.

What is the danger in the development of a conflict?

Rh-conflict can be very dangerous during pregnancy, as antibodies seriously attack the fetus and destroy its red blood cells. With Rh-conflict, there is a massive destruction of red blood cells, due to which a large amount of bilirubin, which has pronounced toxic properties, is released into the blood.

As a result, all organs and tissues of the fetus are damaged, but the baby's nervous system is especially affected, for example, the tissues of his brain soften, which can lead to mental retardation. The spleen and liver, the main purpose of which is precisely to rid the body of bilirubin, do not cope with their function. And the very mass death of red blood cells leads to the fact that the crumbs develop anemia and hypoxia.

All three of these factors, triggered together, lead to a serious complication - hemolytic disease of the fetus.

The consequences of complications - hemolytic disease of the fetus can be:

As for the Rh-negative mother, who became the unwitting culprit of all these troubles, the Rh-conflict itself, most likely, will not affect her health in any way, even if the developing fetus has any serious pathologies.

Sometimes, but not always, with Rh-conflict, the expectant mother may develop gestosis, which is a truly serious complication.

We offer you to watch a video about the dangers of Rh-conflict:

Why can't abortion be done?

Why is it impossible to terminate the pregnancy with a negative rhesus in the mother?

Doctors do not recommend abortion for women with rhesus negative, unless for medical reasons, but even in this case, it is advised to think carefully before making such a decision. With each subsequent pregnancy, antibodies in a woman's body are produced at an increasing rate and in increasing quantities. And the possibility of a safe bearing of the fetus is significantly reduced with each termination of pregnancy.

Parent Blood Group Compatibility Chart

What to do for prevention?

Even at the planning stage of pregnancy, a woman needs to do a blood test in order to determine her group (if this has not been done before) and Rh-affiliation. In the event that a potential mother is Rh negative, you will need to find out the Rh-affiliation of the future father... This should be done before the onset of pregnancy in order to keep the formation of antibodies under control from the very beginning.

It is advisable, even at the planning stage, to get expert advice on the possible risks of Rh-conflict occurrence during gestation and its possible outcome.

It is important in this situation to treat family planning methods with all possible responsibility.

That is, do not have abortions and try to preserve the first pregnancy as much as possible. And from the very beginning, from about 7-8 weeks, it is recommended to register and be monitored by a doctor so that in case of complications associated with a negative Rh factor, the expectant mother received the necessary assistance in a timely manner.

Receive all the necessary appointments from the observing obstetrician-gynecologist, including mandatory vaccine prophylaxis with human immunoglobulin anti-Rhesus rho (d).

Summing up, I would like to say that Rh negative by itself is not nearly as bad as it might seem... It is not always the cause of the Rh-conflict, but it is advisable to take care of its prevention as early as possible - preferably, even at the stage of pregnancy planning. Only in this case it will be possible to minimize the likelihood of complications.

Most parents-to-be know their blood type, but few have any idea what is behind the symbols I, II or Ph +. The importance of these parameters for conception cannot be underestimated. These data are recognized and rechecked among the first when planning a pregnancy. What is the compatibility of blood groups for conception in spouses and how to calculate it.

What is blood type and Rh factor

A blood group is a complex of specific proteins on the surface of red blood cells (erythrocytes). The main system by which the incompatibility and compatibility of blood for conception and transfusion is determined is the ABO system. According to this system, 4 groups are distinguished, each of which has its own combination of agglutinogens (A, B) and agglutinins to them (a, b). The table below describes the data on the content of these components in each of the 4 groups.

The Rh factor (RH) is the second clinically significant blood classification after the ABO system. The key antigen is antigen D. If it is on the surface of the erythrocyte, then the blood is considered Rh-positive, if not, then, accordingly, Rh-negative. Most of the people on the planet, about 85%, are Rh positive, the rest will be negative.

In addition to the Rh factor and the ABO system, there are several classifications of blood groups for other antigens. However, in most cases, only these two are considered important for checking parents for blood compatibility during conception.

ABO compatibility

Data on the group of the expectant mother and father is found out at the stage of planning the child. In situations where partners are suspected of immunological infertility, parental incompatibility can be one of the causes of the problem.

Incompatibility develops when there are agglutinogens in the blood of one person, and the corresponding agglutinins in the blood of another, for example, A and a or B and b. In these situations, an agglutination (sticking) reaction occurs and erythrocytes cannot fully perform their function. At conception, the fetus, in most cases, inherits the mother's blood group. The table below shows what a child's blood type can be if the blood type of both parents is known.

If the child begins to form a paternal or third blood group, which is incompatible with the maternal, then an immunological conflict may occur. In these cases, the likelihood of miscarriage is high already in the early stages of pregnancy. In addition, this condition can lead to the development of hemolytic disease in a child.

Rh compatibility

If incompatibility according to the AB0 system is rare, then the development of the Rh-conflict is observed much more often. What circumstances in this matter can lead to the development of incompatibility? If a Rh negative mother becomes pregnant with an Rh + fetus.

In such a situation, the proteins of the fetal erythrocytes enter the mother through the general bloodstream. There they are met by the immune system, which perceives these proteins as a foreign object. The woman's body begins to produce protective antibodies that cause the death of the child's red blood cells. This means that the mother and the fetus are incompatible with each other.

If the pregnancy is the first, then serious problems usually do not arise, since the immune system works slowly and does not have time to create a sufficient number of defense cells. With a repeated pregnancy with a Rh negative baby, the woman's immune system is triggered much faster. The mother's immune cells are produced in large quantities and begin to kill the baby's red blood cells. This leads to oxygen, starvation, developmental disruption and can provoke intrauterine fetal death.

To prevent this from happening, partners with different Rh factors are checked in advance, and the pregnancy is under the supervision of a doctor. In addition, after the first pregnancy, a woman is injected with a special serum, which prevents the development of blocking antibodies during subsequent pregnancy.

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Important! The severity of the manifestation of Rh incompatibility increases with each subsequent pregnancy.

What else do you need to keep in mind in such a situation? The development of memory cells in a Rh-negative woman occurs upon any contact with Rh-positive blood. If the expectant mother had a history of abortions, transfusions, miscarriages, then this may mean that she has already met with Rh-positive blood. With such a history, the first planned pregnancy is already at risk.

Clinical case: Patient M., 26 years old, Rh-, first pregnancy with Rh + fetus. The baby was born ahead of time at 32 weeks with severe hemolytic jaundice, extensive edema, and cardiomegaly. It turned out that the woman did not remember that at the age of 3 she underwent an operation with a Rh + donor blood transfusion.

In other cases, the Rh factor does not affect the normal development of pregnancy. So, if a woman is Rh +, becomes pregnant with a fetus of Rh-, then there will be no conflict, since there are no antibodies foreign to the mother in the blood of the fetus.

What is hemolytic disease?

This diagnosis is understood as the development of hemolytic anemia (anemia) in the fetus and newborn as a result of immunological incompatibility in the parents. This disease can develop with incompatibility of partners for both rhesus, and the AB0 system, and other antigens.

In these cases, during pregnancy, the death of fetal red blood cells occurs. This death is caused by the mother's immune cells, which perceived them as a foreign object. The death of red blood cells causes their increased production and the appearance in the bloodstream of indirect bilirubin, highly toxic for the child.

The table below shows the likelihood of a conflict when different groups blood from parents.

The clinical manifestations of the disease depend on how many antibodies from the mother have passed through the placenta. In the most severe cases, fetal death occurs. Severe edema, jaundice, dropsy of the abdomen may develop, the size of the liver and heart increases, etc. There are three degrees of severity of this disease, in accordance with which the child is treated.

What to do and how to prevent incompatibility of partners

In order for future parents not to have problems, girls need to be very careful about abortions and transfusions. With transfusions, there is a risk of injecting blood with the wrong rhesus, and there is always a risk of immunization for other antigens. Transfusion should be made according to health indications.

In most cases, the mother is immunized after the first birth. In this regard, a special vaccine should be administered to the woman in labor during the day, which will prevent the appearance of problems in the future.

Differences in rhesus and blood type in spouses or in an unborn child should not become an indicator of global problems. No one will choose a spouse based on the data on his proteins on erythrocytes. Modern medicine allows you to overcome this incompatibility and control the body's response. To do this, you need to be careful about your health, and follow the doctor's instructions.

Planning a pregnancy is an important step. This period determines the success of conception, the course of pregnancy and the health of the unborn baby. The first step is to check the compatibility of the blood for conception from the parents. At perfect combination blood groups and Rh factors are more likely to fully bear the child. A combination of the same indicators is considered the most favorable, but this rarely happens.

Planning makes it possible to prevent many complications and defects. At this stage, the compatibility of the parents, their anamnesis, and the likelihood of transmission of a hereditary disease are checked. The test results allow you to determine a list of measures that will help to avoid problems.

Significantly fewer pregnancies end badly today. This was made possible thanks to tests that are carried out in preparation for conception. In this way, parents learn in advance about the risks of pregnancy and can prevent pathologies of fetal development. At this stage, you need to pay attention to the blood of the partners.

The individuality of each organism depends on the set of proteins and antigens that are contained in the tissues. In the blood, the specificity is determined by antigenic complexes on the surface of erythrocytes. One of these antigenic complexes is the Rh factor. Rh factor is a protein in red blood cell cells. A person may be an antigen carrier (Rh positive) or not antigen (Rh negative). It is noteworthy that 85% of the world's population has a positive Rh factor.

When mixing human blood, the compatibility of Rhesus must be taken into account. In order not to disrupt the structure of the blood, it is necessary to select blood that is identical in terms of the Rh factor. Such blood will be perceived by the body as its own, so the immune system will not produce antibodies to destroy foreign elements.

You can determine the Rh factor by means of a blood test from a vein. You need to take the biomaterial on an empty stomach and in the morning. Laboratories (independent and government) provide similar services. You can find out the Rh factor for free when you participate in the donor program.

When transfusing blood of different rhesus, complications may arise (the patient may even die). To prevent complications, many people get medical tattoos on their arms or shoulders. They carry information about important indicators of human health that will help doctors to promptly carry out treatment if the patient is unconscious and does not have documents with him. Such tattoos may include blood type and Rh factor, information about allergies to medications or serious heart disease.

This blood count is stable and does not change throughout life. There is an opinion that rhesus can change, but this is a myth. It arose due to the existence of a weakly positive Rh factor, which 1% of Europeans have. This is a special type of rhesus that can be defined as positive and negative at different times.

In the fetus, Rh-affiliation is determined in the first trimester. If the sex of the child depends on the chromosome carried by the sperm that fertilized the egg, then the child's Rh factor does not depend on the man. The formation of this indicator is determined by many factors.

Why is blood compatibility important for conception

Determining the compatibility of Rh factors is one of the first tests that are carried out in an antenatal clinic. Blood characteristics can seriously affect a mother's condition during pregnancy.

Pregnancy proceeds normally only if the mother's body produces antibodies that do not mistake the cells of the fetus for foreign elements. So women with the blood of the first group always give birth without complications. In most cases, they have healthy and strong children, even from men with an inappropriate blood type and Rh factor.

With a positive Rh factor in the mother and negative in the father, the chances of having a baby with a positive one are higher. However, at the time of conception, blood incompatibility occurs: during the period of gestation, the woman's body produces antibodies that attack the cells of the child. The fight against the cells of the fetus is carried out because the woman's body recognizes them as foreign due to the protein content.

Constant attacks put the child in serious danger. Often the struggle ends with the death of the fetus. If the baby survives, a similar effect of the mother's immunity does not pass without a trace. Pregnancy with incompatibility of blood is fraught with such complications (toxicosis, fatigue, weakness, etc.).

In case of a conflict between rhesus in a mother and a child, infections and colds should be avoided in every possible way, less nervous and worried. The combination of Rh factors is shown in the table.

Immunological infertility and Rh incompatibility

It is worth remembering that immunological incompatibility and the conflict of Rh factors are different concepts. When there is a contact of immunity with the reproductive cells, which does not occur in a healthy body for a man, but in a woman's body is subordinate to a natural process. With blood incompatibility, conception occurs normally, but problems arise with the development of the fetus.

Partner Compatibility Principles

1. In case of infertility, incompatibility is said if a man and a woman are immunologically incompatible. Blood group and Rh factor do not play a role in the process of conception. With immunological infertility, the female body produces antibodies to sperm.
2. A woman with a negative rhesus is able to bear and give birth to a baby with a positive. Complications during pregnancy and deviations in the child after birth are possible, but this phenomenon cannot be mistaken for incompatibility for conception.
3. A couple with different Rh factors can have healthy children. In such a situation, the mother's Rh will be key, and the child may well have the same Rh with her, which will not lead to a conflict.
4. If your partners are incompatible, follow all the recommendations of doctors. Often it is possible to compensate for the harm and endure a healthy baby.
5. Successful pregnancy with incompatible partners does not guarantee next success. Each subsequent pregnancy increases the risk of incompatibility between mother and baby. Often, incompatibility does not appear during the first pregnancy. The next attempts can turn into a problem, because the woman's body already has antibodies.
6. With a negative rhesus in the mother and positive in the father, the probability of conflict during pregnancy is 50% (when coding the antigen of each of the chromosomes in a pair) and 25% (when coding the antigen of one of the chromosomes in a pair).
7. Rh-positive women never have a conflict with fetal blood.
8. Conflict can only happen with a negative rhesus in the mother. The maximum probability is 50%.
9. The formation of the Rh factor in the fetus depends on the Rh of the parents and genes that were passed on, but never manifested.

Rhesus conflict

Pregnancy with a conflict of blood groups (without supervision and support of the body) inevitably proceeds with complications. If a mother with a negative group tries to endure a baby with a positive one, her body perceives the fetus as an alien formation. Immunity begins to actively produce antibodies that protect the woman's body, trying to destroy the "threat".

Antibodies enter the placenta and destroy the fetal red blood cells. A similar phenomenon is fraught with the following consequences:

• loss of a child (miscarriage);
• pathology of the spleen and liver of the fetus (in defense, these organs work beyond measure);
• anemia;
• hearing and speech problems.

What to do if you have a Rh-conflict

A blood conflict does not affect the success of conception. Fertilization is possible in a couple with incompatible Rh factors. A pregnant woman with a conflict should be registered with a gynecologist and be examined regularly.

Measures to prevent complications of a blood conflict in a pregnant woman:

• if an incompatibility of the parents' blood is found, a chorionic biopsy should be taken (a procedure that will help determine the child's Rh factor and the presence of a conflict with the mother);
• the introduction of immunoglobulin (the anti-rhesus immunoglobulin vaccine prevents the conflict of rhesus by binding and removing antibodies from the body);
• in case of a threat to the life of the mother, it is necessary to save for the stimulation of labor by artificial means;
• conducting cordocentesis.

Table for determining the blood group of the future baby

In women with a negative group, pregnancy proceeds normally only with a negative group in the father. If the mother has a negative one, and the man has a positive one, then the child is likely to get a negative group and the conflict will not occur.

In women with positive group blood usually does not cause problems with bearing and giving birth to a child. The mother and child are compatible in any case, even if the father has a negative blood type. There is no conflict in the womb, antibodies do not try to attack the baby. A child has protein in red blood cells even if the mother is positive and the father is negative.

Rh-positive mother

If the mother has a positive Rh factor, then the negative Rh factor of a man does not affect the development of the fetus. When a child inherits a negative rhesus, a conflict does not arise, because there is no protein in the child's blood that would be unfamiliar to the woman's immune system.

Rhesus Compatibility:

1. Rh positive mother and positive father, the child inherits Rh positive. There will be no complications.
2. A positive mother and a positive father, the child inherits a negative one. There will be no complications, the mother's body does not react to the elements of the child's blood.
3. Positive mother and negative father, the child inherits positive. The protein in the mother's blood is "familiar" to the immune system, so the protein in the child's blood is not perceived as foreign.
4. Positive mother and negative father, the child inherits negative. There is no protein in the child's blood, the reaction does not occur.

In all cases, the child's body will not contain elements that are unfamiliar to the mother's immunity.

Rhesus negative in the mother

A negative rhesus in the mother can lead to complications during pregnancy, but not always. The key to successful bearing is the same negative Rh in the mother and baby.

Rhesus Compatibility:

1. Negative of the mother and negative of the father, the child inherits the negative. The absence of protein in the child's blood does not cause conflict, because it is not in the mother's blood either. Immunity simply does not know what to react to.
2. A negative mother and a positive father, the child inherits are negative. The protein is absent in the blood of both, so no conflict occurs.
3. Negative in the mother and positive in the father, the child inherits the positive. Fetal blood contains a protein unknown to the mother's body. Since there is no such substance in the mother's body, the immune system begins to defend itself. Antibodies enter the baby's bloodstream and destroy red blood cells.

Treatment of incompatibility

In case of a conflict of rhesus after childbirth, the newborn is given a blood transfusion with the maternal group and rhesus. This avoids exposure to the mother's antibodies that have entered the baby's body. On contact with familiar blood, antibodies are neutralized.

Prophylaxis with immunoglobulins is also carried out after abortion, miscarriage, prolonged labor, ectopic pregnancy. Today, Rh-conflict can be controlled with medication. Parents with incompatibility have every chance of carrying a healthy child.

People fall in love, get married, start a family, dream of a child ... But, unfortunately, sometimes it happens that a couple cannot conceive a baby, although both spouses are absolutely healthy. Why is this happening?

In medicine, such situations are called incompatibility during conception. The following types of incompatibilities exist:

• immune - by blood group / rhesus;
• genetic - the birth of children with or with another disability in absolutely healthy parents.

Does this diagnosis become a verdict for a married couple or does the spouses have a chance to conceive an heir? And what is this - incompatibility at conception?

Reasons for incompatibility during conception

The number of infertile marriages around the world is increasing every year. In Russia itself, approximately 15 percent of married couples cannot conceive a child due to the infertility of one spouse or both. The causes of infertility are distributed almost equally between both spouses: one third of cases are associated with women, one third - with men, the last third falls on joint projects (20%) and unexplained cases(ten%). Studies by practicing doctors and scientists indicate the presence of psychogenic changes and psychological trauma in all situations of infertility.

The infertility of marriage is said when a married couple, who has a regular sex life, does not achieve the desired pregnancy within a year. At the same time, spouses do not use any type of contraception.

Immunological incompatibility during conception

In such cases, couples are often given a disappointing diagnosis of immunological infertility. Although conception is still possible with such a diagnosis, in the absence of constant medical supervision and appropriate treatment, pregnancy in most cases is terminated.

First of all, if there is a suspicion of immunological incompatibility of a particular pair, it is necessary for a man to be examined, for which he will have to donate semen for research (). This should be done in clinics specializing in family planning. The results of this analysis will determine the number and motility of sperm, as well as give an assessment of other equally important indicators of sperm. In addition, they will confirm or, conversely, deny the presence of inflammatory diseases in the organs of the male genitourinary system.

So what is immunological infertility?

This means that the immune system of a particular woman produces antibodies that destroy the sperm of a particular man. Recent studies show that in about 30 percent of cases, the cause of infertility in marriages is precisely this form of infertility, or the so-called factor of incompatibility. We are talking about some kind of allergy to a man's sperm, or, oddly enough, it sounds, an allergic reaction of the man himself to his own semen. The reason for this is the too high number of so-called "antisperm antibodies", which prevent the sperm from performing its fertilizing function. They can form in the body of both men and women.

Antisperm antibodies not only interfere with conception, but also affect the course of pregnancy.

So why is there an “allergy” to a particular person? And why does the level of antisperm antibodies rise?

Antisperm antibodies are the culprit for incompatibility

There is a scientific opinion that the risk of developing these antibodies in a woman is directly proportional to the number of her sexual partners. Previous genital infections can also be an unfavorable factor. Still, the main reason for the appearance of antisperm antibodies in the female body is a specific immune response to the seed of a particular man. This is facilitated by our psyche and the brain, which directly affect the most subtle mechanisms of the body, incl. and on the reactions of the immune system itself.

The presence of a certain amount of these antibodies in a woman's body can lead to toxicosis, spontaneous abortion, or a delay in fetal development. Therefore, the test for immunological compatibility must be passed by both spouses.

Often, the reason for the impossibility of conception is also additional complications in the form of a two-horned uterus, ovarian malformation or cervical hypoplasia.

Rhesus conflict and incompatibility during conception

Incompatibility during conception is also possible in the presence of different Rh factors in spouses. In order to successfully conceive a child, both spouses must have the same - positive or negative.

If the Rh factors are different, then problems may arise not only during the conception of a child and during pregnancy, but also after his birth (meaning the health of the newborn).

If spouses with different Rh factors of blood decide to give birth to a child, they definitely need to undergo a course of special therapy before conception so that the mother's body does not subsequently reject the fetus. It should be noted that a healthier child is born to those couples where the father's blood type is higher than that of the mother.

But there is always hope

In no case should you despair. Even in such situations, there is a fairly high chance of getting pregnant and bearing the first child. However, with subsequent pregnancies, a number of difficulties may arise.

In some cases, the immunological mechanism of the mother's body may begin to produce antibodies against the father's Rh factor. As a result, maternal antibodies cross the placenta and begin to attack the red blood cells of the fetus, causing him to develop anemia.

From a genetic and immunological point of view, spouses with different groups blood, but having the same RH (negative or positive). But married couples who have the same blood group, but different Rh factors, have a very high probability of incompatibility during conception.

Compatibility test

If the spouses have not been able to conceive a baby for a long time, they both need to pass a compatibility test, for which they will have to take a blood test and undergo other related studies, which will already be prescribed by the attending physician.

But even if, as a result of all the research and testing, incompatibility is found for any factor, do not get depressed and do not despair. Remember: modern medicine is in constant development, in constant discoveries, which always gives potential mothers a great chance to get pregnant and give birth to a healthy baby. And do not forget that the most important factor for conceiving a child is not so much the compatibility of the spouses, but the fact that they have sincere feelings. The birth of a long-awaited baby will overcome all obstacles!

Specially for Anna Zhirko