What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Angola on Africa map
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In this African country, the wealthy are people who have no stones on their roofs. The poor have them, because there is no money to repair the roof. Angola has not yet fully recovered after a long military conflict that lasted on its territory from 1975 to 2002. But the state is actively increasing the rate of oil and diamond production, assimilating incoming financial investments.

The capital of Angola, Luanda, looks like a completely modern city with spectacular buildings, wide avenues and developed public transport. Remembering its difficult past, the country is ready to build a new life and develop its economy.

Geographical position

The Republic of Angola belongs to the Central African region. All along the western border, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In the east is the border with Zambia. The Democratic Republic of the Congo adjoins Angola from the north and north-east. The territory of the Congo is also surrounded by the northern exclave of Cabinda, which has access to the Atlantic. Namibia is Angola's southern neighbor.

More than 90% of the country's area is occupied by plateaus with a height of about 1,000. The upland breaks off with a sharp ledge to a narrow coastal lowland. The country has a dense river network, all rivers belong to the basins of the largest African rivers Congo and Zambezi.

The equatorial regions remote from the ocean coast are in the equatorial monsoon climate zone. In them, two seasons of the year are clearly distinguished: dry and wet.

In central Angola, the wet season is from October to May. The amount of precipitation for this season reaches 1500 mm. Dry time is from June to September. The warmest are September and October, during these months the average temperature on the plains reaches +29 ° C, in the high parts of the plateau +22 ° C. In cold June and July on the plains +22 ° C, on the heights +15 ° C.

Contrary to expectations, the climate in the coastal lowland is arid, tropical trade winds. The cold Bengal Ocean Current passing off the coast of Angola has a cooling and drying effect. In the extreme south of the lowlands in the Namib Desert, the annual rainfall is only 25 mm per year, in the north - up to 300 mm.

The coldest is July (+16 ° C), warm in March (+24 ° C), the rainy season is February-March.

Flora and fauna

Tropical forests dominating in the north of the country, when moving south, give way to savannah. In the northeast, the forests are humid tropical, in the rest of the "forest" territory of Angola, mainly tropical woodlands of deciduous type. The total area of ​​wooded areas occupies almost half of the country's area.

In the plains close to the ocean, savannas dominate in the north, and deserts in the south.

The fauna of Angola is rich and interesting. Elephants, rhinos, zebras, buffaloes, antelopes freely live in the vast savannahs. Enough room for predators: cheetahs and leopards. Many monkeys and birds live in the forests. In Angola's national parks and reserves, excellent conditions have been created for animal life.

State structure

Angola map

Angola is a presidential republic. The President is the head of state, government and the Commander-in-Chief of the country's Armed Forces. He is elected by popular vote for a 5-year term and is eligible for re-election only for a 2-year term.

The supreme legislative body is the National Assembly, it meets in session 2 times a year. More than 120 political parties are active in Angola.

The country's territory is divided into 18 administrative provinces. The capital of Angola and its largest city is Luanda.

Population

Almost the entire population of the country belongs to three black ethnic groups. Only 2% of the inhabitants are mulattos (descendants of marriages of Africans and Europeans) and only 1% are white, mainly Portuguese, the heirs of the former colonialists.

To this day, the official language of communication is Portuguese. But the population often uses African dialects in everyday life, the Bantu language is the most popular. The overwhelming majority of Angolans are Catholic Christians.

The sparsely populated areas of the country are inhabited by tribes living in the conditions of the Stone Age. These unique groups of people attract various ethnic expeditions here to study the life of people who have preserved their way of life since prehistoric times.

The population growth in the country is due to the high birth rate, for every woman of childbearing age there are more than 6 births. But still very high in Angola, infant mortality, especially many children die in the first year of life. For such a sad indicator, the country ranks 1st in the world.

The average life expectancy of Angolans is no more than 52 years. The state is actively fighting diseases and epidemics, preventing the spread of HIV infection (in Angola, more than 2% of the population is infected with this terrible virus).

The low standard of living of the population, wars do not contribute to the rapid establishment of a prosperous life for the twenty million inhabitants of the country. The percentage of migration is high, Angolans are looking for a better life outside their homeland.

Economy

Angola's economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. GDP growth rates are achieved mainly due to oil production. The reconstruction of old oil refineries and the construction of new ones are underway. For this, funds are allocated from investments coming into the country.

Diamonds, marble, granite and building materials are mined in Angola. Deposits of iron and manganese ores, bauxite, phosphorites, uranium are being revived. The food and light industries are accelerating.

80% of the total working population of the country work in agriculture. In Angola, bananas grow and then go to the shelves of our stores. A good harvest of coffee, cotton, tobacco, corn, vegetables is gathered. Angolans are also engaged in cattle breeding.

The part of the Atlantic coast where the modern Angola, was captured by Portugal in 1482. For 400 years, the country becomes a Portuguese colony. Only in 1975 the state gained independence after the liberation war, which lasted more than 15 years.

But then Angola again plunges into the abyss of civil war for 27 years. Since 2002, the country has been living a peaceful life and building its future.

sights

There are many interesting places in Angola. But the main attraction and pride of the people of the country is its unique nature. The picturesque oceanic coast, the mysterious Namib Desert, spacious savannahs and dense forests captivate with its beauty and pristine nature.

There is something to see in the capital of Angola Luanda. It is the center of the country's cultural life. There are many museums, libraries, amazingly beautiful temples. San Miguel is famous for castles and medieval buildings. In the town of Tombwa, together with fishermen, you can go to the ocean for exciting fishing.

Every year the flow of tourists to this exotic and very beautiful African country is increasing.

In the north of Angola there is a tropical monsoon, and in the south - a subtropical type of climate. A distinctive feature of the local climate is the sharp drops between day and night temperatures.

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In the north of Angola there is a tropical monsoon, and in the south - a subtropical type of climate. Average air temperatures in the period from April to September are in the range from +16 ° C to +25 ° C, and in the period from October to March - from +25 ° C to +35 ° C.

In the south of the country, the level of precipitation is 50 mm per year, in the central part - it reaches 1500 mm, in the mountains - 2500 mm.

A distinctive feature of the local climate is the sharp drops between day and night temperatures.

Weather in Angola cities now

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Angola located in subequatorial and tropical latitudes in the west of South Africa, the Atlantic Ocean washes its territory from the west for almost 1500 km. Most of the territory is a vast plateau with a height of more than 1000 m above sea level. Only along the Atlantic coast stretches a narrow (50-100 km wide) strip of lowlands occupied by light forests, dry savannas and semi-deserts

There are two climatic zones due to the prevailing winds, a tropical trade wind climate on the coastal lowlands and an equatorial monsoon climate on the plateaus of the interior of the country. The coastal climate is arid despite the moisture brought in by the trade winds. The reason for this is the cold Bengal sea current, over which the air is greatly cooled. And above the hot plateaus, on the contrary, it quickly heats up, rises up, and only there the moisture brought by it forms raindrops. It receives up to 1500 mm of precipitation per year. Over the coastal lowland, the air does not have time to warm up, and therefore little precipitation falls here, about 50 mm per year. In winter, the coast is shrouded in fog. The climate in the interior of the country is hot, with dry winters and heavy rains in summer when monsoons blow from ocean to land

The western part of the plateau rises steeply above the coastal lowland. Its eastern edge forms a huge escarpment of the Serra de Chela with a height of more than 2000 m The highest point of the country is Mount Moco (2610 m)

In the interior of Angola, tropical light forests or dry forests with low (up to 10-15 m) trees prevail. In the mountains of Mayombe and along the valleys of the Congo rivers and its tributaries, tropical rainforests grow. Elephants, white and black rhinoceroses, buffaloes, zebras, antelopes roam in woodlands and savannas. There are also primitive mammals - for example, the pangolin, which looks like a spruce cone, which feeds on insects. Monkeys live in dense forests, and hippos have chosen river banks

The first expeditions Portuguese sailors landed on the coast of Angola in the 80s. XV century By that time, the states of the Congo, Ndongo (Ngola, Angola) existed here, and not the territories of modern Zambia, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Luanda. By the 19th century, most states disintegrated and became part of Portuguese Angola

Angola became a source of slaves for Europeans, who were sent to Brazil and other countries of the New World. For a long time, the Portuguese controlled only the coast of the country and the lower part of the Kwanza River valley. However, the conquest of the interior territories continued until the 1920s. XX century Modern boundaries were already defined during the division of Africa in the XIX - early XX century. between Portugal, Great Britain, Germany, France and Belgium.

After World War II, the country began rise of the national liberation struggle... In 1956, a patriotic, communist-oriented organization emerged - the MPLA, which led the armed struggle against colonialism. As a result of the Portuguese revolution of 1974, an agreement was concluded between the government of Portugal and the leadership of the MPLA on the granting of independence to Angola. In 1975 it was proclaimed People's Republic of Angola, since 1992 - the Republic of Angola MPLA was opposed by the alliance of the FNLA and UNITA organizations, which also defended the country's independence, but not according to the communist type.

The disengagement of political forces led to a civil war that lasted 15 years. It claimed more than 300 thousand lives and almost completely destroyed the country's economy. In 1992, the Angolan government tried to hold multiparty elections, but UNITA rejected the results. Another round of war began UNITA again created an armed opposition. Since the late 90s. there are UN peacekeeping missions in Angola, but the confrontation continues. The subject of the struggle is not so much ideological and political views as control over the country's natural resources.

Angola is one of the richest countries in Africa- possesses large natural resources The most important export items are oil, diamonds, quartz, copper and iron ores, coffee, sugar and tobacco. However, most of the diamonds are mined in the territories controlled by UNITA, and are sold through intermediaries (contrary to the UN ban) on the world market, without replenishing the national treasury.

The country is inhabited peoples speaking the languages ​​Bantu Bakongo, Bam Bundu, Ovimbundu, Valuchazi, Valuimbe, Wambundu, Ovagerero, Ovambo, Wambue-la and Wayye Bantu-speaking peoples do not have scripts The most ancient myths, legends and tales have been passed down orally for many centuries. One of the central characters in mythology is Leza (Reza), the rain deity. According to some African peoples, Leza not only owns the heavenly water, he is also the creator and teacher of people. Most of the indigenous Angolans, despite the active work of Christian missionaries - Catholics and partly Protestants - adhere to traditional African beliefs. Protestant African sects are widespread in the north of Angola, combining the Catholic faith with local traditions

Capital of Angola- the city of Luanda (about 3 million people), located in the northern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It was founded in 1575, by 1627 it had become an important administrative center of the colony, as well as a large slave market. Luanda received the capital status in 1975. It is the country's largest port, business, trade and industrial center with oil refining, food and textile industries. Here are the university, museums

Angola retains the oldest African arts... Weaving and artistic woodcarving are widespread in rural settlements. Objects of religious cults are cut out of it - figurines of people and animals, to which magical powers are attributed.

CLIMATE, WEATHER

The Republic of Angola is a state in South-West Africa, stretching for 1,246,700 km². In the north it borders with the Republic of the Congo, in the north and east - with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), in the east - with Zambia, in the south - with Namibia. The coast of Angola in the west is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Luanda.

The relief of the country is quite diverse. There are plateaus, hills, plains, mountain plateaus. The highest point is Mount Morro de Moco - 2610 m above sea level.

Due to its vast territory, two types of climate reign in Angola: in the north - tropical monsoon, in the south - subtropical. Average annual temperatures are kept at around + 21 ° С. Angola does not have the usual change of seasons for Europeans. Two types of climate are distinguished here: dry season and rainy season. The first one lasts from May to September and is characterized by average temperatures of + 16 ° С… + 25 ° С. The second is accompanied by heavy rainfall, heat and fluctuations in average temperatures from + 25 ° C to + 35 ° C. The amount of precipitation depends on the region. In the south, it rains up to 50 mm, in the center - up to 1500 mm, in the mountains - up to 2500 mm. The southern regions are characterized by large fluctuations in daily temperatures, reaching 0 ° C at night.
The water temperature in Angola does not drop below + 20 ° C, so here the beach holiday lasts all year round. To learn more about the peculiarities of the climate in the country, pay attention to the weather forecast by month.

Weather in Angola in January

In January, throughout Angola, the water warms up above + 20 ° C, which is quite enough for a comfortable swim. In the capital Luanda, average temperatures range from + 26 ° C during the day to + 23 ° C at night. This month there are no more than two rainy days, and little precipitation. The wind blows at a speed of 5 m / s. January is considered to be one of the windiest months of the year.

Weather in Angola in February

In February, there are almost no clear days throughout Angola, cloudy weather prevails. There is only one rainy day in the capital. Humidity reaches 79%. Average daily rates for the country range from + 24 ° С in the east of the country to + 31 ° С in the north-west. In Luanda, during the day + 29 ° С, at night + 26 ° С. The wind reaches 4m / s.

Weather in Angola in March

The March weather is not much different from the February one. There are no more than 1-2 rainy days a month; cloudiness prevails in the country. Humidity by the end of March increases to 82%. Average daytime temperatures in the country range from + 24 ° С to + 30 ° С. At night the average is + 26 ° С. In Luanda, during the day + 31 ° С, at night + 26 ° С. The water temperature rarely drops below + 28 ° С.

Weather in Angola in April

There is practically no precipitation in April, rainy days in this month are very rare. There are more sunny days, but the humidity of the air also rises: by the end of the month, the national average reaches 82%. Wind speed no more than 4m / s. Average air temperature during the day is + 29 ° С, at night + 26 ° С. In Luanda, during the day, the air warms up to + 28 ° С, at night it cools down to + 26 ° С. April is considered to be one of the hottest months of the year.

Weather in Angola in May

In May, humidity reaches 83%, against which even not too high temperatures are perceived more difficult. On average in the country during the day up to + 28 ° С, at night not lower than + 26 ° С. Cloudy and cloudy days are becoming less and less, in the capital there are up to 19 sunny days, it rains 1-2 times a month. In Luanda, daytime indicators are + 29 ° С, nighttime + 26 ° С. The lowest temperatures in May were + 22 ° С. The sea water does not drop below + 23 ° С.

Weather in Angola in June

In June, Angola has an average of 9 sunny days, average daily temperatures vary from + 25 ° C during the day to + 22 ° C at night. The humidity level drops to 80%, the average wind speed reaches 4m / s. In Luanda, there is no rain in June, during the day the air temperature rises to +24, at night it drops to + 23 ° C. The water along the entire coast is comfortable for swimming and does not drop below + 22 ° С.

Weather in Angola in July

July is colder in Angola than other months. Average air temperatures drop to + 20 ° С at night, warming up to + 22 ° С during the day. In Luanda, average rates range from + 26 ° C during the day to + 19 ° C at night. Air humidity in the country ranges from 77% to 82%. Wind speed 3m / s. The water on the coast warms up to + 20 ° С. July and August are considered the coldest months of the year.

Weather in Angola in August

Angola is still cold in August. The average air temperature at night is + 20 ° С, during the day the air warms up to + 23 ° С. The sea water is about + 20 ° С. In Luanda, during the day, the thermometer rises to + 26 ° С, and at night it drops to + 20 ° С. Humidity ranges from 77% to 80%. At the end of the month there is a slight "warming": night temperatures are one to two degrees higher than at the beginning of the month.

Weather in Angola in September

In September, the number of sunny days increases, in the capital there are about 18 clear days. Average temperatures in the country range from + 21 ° С at night to + 23 ° С during the day. In the capital Luanda during the day up to + 27 ° С, at night not lower than + 21 ° С. The water warms up to + 22 ° С. The lowest values ​​for this month were + 18 ° С, the highest - + 23 ° С. Air humidity up to 80%, wind speed up to 2 m / s.

Weather in Angola in October

In October, average air temperatures range from + 24 ° С at night to + 26 ° С during the day. In Luanda, the air can warm up to + 26 ° C during the day, and cool to + 23 ° C at night. The water in the Atlantic Ocean warms up to + 24 ° С. There are no more than two rainy days in the capital. The average humidity does not exceed 81%.

Weather in Angola in November

In November, high temperatures return to the country, ranging from + 28 ° C during the day to + 26 ° C at night. In the capital, during the day, the average indicators are + 26 ° С ... + 28 ° С, at night + 23 ° С. The water in the ocean warms up to + 27 ° С. In November, it is quite windy in Luanda, up to 5 m / s, humidity does not exceed 75%.

Weather in Angola in December

In December, average temperatures across the country range from + 26 ° C to + 28 ° C. In the capital, the air can cool down to + 23 ° С at night, and warm up to + 30 ° С during the day. Clear days 14-15 a month. In December in Luanda, as a rule, 1 rainy day, precipitation is scarce. Humidity up to 74%. The water in the ocean is like fresh milk and warms up to + 27 ° С.

Luanda 23:28 28 ° C
Partly cloudy

Hotels

Most of the hotels are concentrated in the capital of the country - Luanda. The construction of the EPIC SANA Luanda Hotel, a five-star business class hotel, was recently completed. According to the developers, this is one of the best and most modern hotels in the country. It has everything that corresponds to a luxury hotel: spacious and comfortable rooms, good service, a large area, parks and gardens, terraces, several swimming pools and a gym.

Angola is a developing country there is no mass tourism here, therefore, most of the hotels are located in major cities and in the capital. Small hostels and guest houses with modest service and low prices are widespread. If you are looking for just such a place, Nancy Gest House, located near the beach in the center of Benguela, is ideal.

sights

The most valuable thing in Angola is its nature: bright and unusual. There are many national parks that amaze with their wealth and wildlife. There are many rivers and savanna forests in Cameo National Park. Most of its territory is occupied by shrubs, pastures, rivers and forests. It is here that you can see lions, black antelopes and wildebeests. It was created 60 years ago due to the spread of poaching.

Kisama National Park located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Many animals listed in the Red Book live here: antelope, black sable, leopards and herbivorous whales.

Kalandula waterfall located 450 kilometers from Luanda, the highest and fastest waterfall in Africa. Its height is 104 meters. It is best to watch it during the rainy season, it is then that its power is felt.

Leisure

Luanda is actively modernizing, the standard of living of local residents is gradually improving, standard places of recreation and leisure appear: shopping centers, bars, restaurants, nightclubs.

Angola's cuisine is a mixture of local and Portuguese dishes. Lots of meat, seafood, fresh vegetables, herbs and fruits. Almost all meat and fish are grilled and covered with warm sauce.

Seeing the prices for local entertainment - don't be surprised. For some reason, Luanda is the most expensive capital in the world. For the same reasons, a street food system has been developed that bypasses expensive restaurants. As in the countries of Asia, here you can find a numerous row of barbecues with makeshift tables to have a quick bite to eat.

Climate: Semi-arid in the south and along the coast to Luanda. The north has a cool, dry season (May to October). The rainy season (November to April).

Museums

Unfortunately, tourism is currently very poorly developed here, so there are almost no museums here.

The largest and most famous is the National Museum of Anthropology. Here you can see household items and decorative folk art of numerous tribes and nationalities inhabiting the country. The National Slavery Museum is dedicated to the history of the slave trade.

Resorts

30 kilometers from Luanda there is a tourist complex Jembas with a hotel, a landscaped area and a good beach.

Terrain: A narrow coastal plain rises sharply to a huge inland plateau.

Transport

Angola has good roads with spacious highways. Public transport is difficult and inconvenient: most streets have no names, only numbers, there is no specific route: there is only an initial and final stop up to the region.

Taxis have appeared relatively recently, with the construction of large hotels. Motorcycle taxis are common among local residents (like in Thailand). It is enough to go to the side of the road and, as in the film, shout: "Taxi!"

You cannot rent a car without a driver. The neighboring towns can be reached by train.

Standard of living

In 2008, Luanda was recognized as the most expensive capital in the world due to the fact that consumer goods are difficult to obtain. For example, a liter of milk can cost more than $ 4.

Angola is actively producing oil and diamonds. The profits of foreign companies create a high demand for housing, hence the prices for rent and food are skyrocketing.

It is relatively safe in large cities of the country.

The villagers are engaged in agriculture, raising livestock, working on coffee plantations, growing cotton and planting bananas.

Resources: oil, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium.

Angola cities

The capital of the country, as mentioned above, is Luanda. Angola is a former colony of Portugal that has left a legacy of the language, cuisine and architecture of the city center. You can still see the beautiful Portuguese azulejo tiles on the old buildings.

The second largest city in terms of area and population is Benguela. Located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean.

Population

Coordinates

Province of de Luanda