What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Every sixth family in Russia (17%) is ready to be content with a budget of up to 45,000 rubles for three people, a survey of the research holding Romir showed. Every fifth family (22%) would like to have an income of more than 120,000 rubles. The number of Russians who would like to receive from 90 to 120,000 per family was 17%.

The most popular answers, as in previous years, were incomes of 45-60,000 rubles (22%) and 60-90,000 rubles (24%), respectively.

Two-thirds of the respondents (63%) claim a "normal" monthly income for a family in the amount of 45 to 120,000 rubles. Romir's survey was attended by 1,500 people aged 18 and over, living both in cities and in rural areas.

The average size of the desired income of Russians reached 83,600 rubles, which is 10,900 rubles more than a year earlier, writes Romir. In 2015, Russians needed 68,900 rubles for a "normal life", in 2016 - up to 72,700 rubles, Romir notes. Thus, the indicator of financial dreams has reached the highest mark for all years of measurements, says Romir.

According to Rosstat, the average salary in April 2017 was 39,253 rubles.

If in the previous two years the crisis forced Russians to abandon excesses, now the level of material demands began to grow following the rise in prices, which differs from the official inflation indicators, says Romir's study.

The official inflation forecast for 2017 is 4%, but the bill on budget amendments introduced to the State Duma proposes to fix its rate at 3.8%, while the oil price forecast was raised to $ 45.6 from $ 40 per barrel. Previous polls by Romir showed that for the majority of Russians, 2016 was remembered precisely for the crisis, the difficult financial situation and the rise in prices.

The reassessment of values ​​is over

The difference between the average desired and real income has again become tangible - 11,800 rubles, writes Romir. In past years, Romir says that the reason for the convergence of material needs and real wages is the revaluation of values ​​against the backdrop of the crisis, and not the growth of income. “In difficult times, the style of consumption changes, there is a reorientation to the most necessary. Dreams go away, requests become close to reality, ”the study says. In 2017, average real wages even decreased slightly compared to last year, Romir notes.

According to Rosstat, the real disposable money incomes of Russians in April fell by 7.6% compared to April 2016, in January-April they decreased by 2.2% in real terms. According to Vnesheconombank, this indicator reached the level of 2009.

Women are more modest than men

The material needs of women again turned out to be slightly more modest than those of men: "in times of crisis, women become more rational and economical."

The highest financial appetites are among people in the 18-24 age group (89,800 rubles).

By tradition, residents of megalopolises have higher requirements for material wealth. Residents of cities with a population of over one million on average asked for 118,000 rubles a month for a family of three. In cities with a population of 500,000, the demands of residents are more modest: 85,000 rubles a month. The most modest requests are from rural residents: 67,000 rubles a month.

Requests vary by region

An analysis of the survey results for federal districts showed that only in the Far East, the desired income and salaries almost coincided with an accuracy of 600 rubles. In the rest of the districts, the data on requests and average real incomes differ, and in some regions they differ by almost two times. Thus, with an average income per family in the Northwestern Federal District of 60,000 rubles, the respondents would like to have 101,000 rubles a month.

A similar difference between financial needs and reality is observed in the Volga District: with an average income for a family of 40,800 rubles, residents of the regions dream of 75,700 rubles to ensure a "normal life". In Siberia and in the south of the country, the gap between dreams and reality is almost 1.8 times. The difference between requests and real incomes is slightly smaller in the Central District (35%) and in the Urals (43%).

How much you need to earn in order to live a normal life - this question must have been asked by every person, regardless of gender, age, social status and other characteristics. And we are not talking about survival from paycheck to paycheck, when every ruble, every penny counts, but about a decent life, ideally in your own apartment, with the ability to buy things not only from the necessary list, but also for your own pleasure. IQ Review figured how much you need to receive regularly to ensure such.

It is clear that this figure may be different for each person. For one of us, it will be enough to have our own apartment in a quiet area, the opportunity to do what we love and just live in a measured way - naturally, in this case, the usual one will be enough for you (except, perhaps, buying an apartment). However, most people are unlikely to be satisfied with such a plot - many of us want to live in a spacious apartment closer to the city center, have a car (naturally, not a twenty-year-old "nine" bought at the announcement, but a new foreign car), have a rest abroad, be able to buy something whatever you want, and go where you want. Of course, for such a life, much more money will be required. However, let's be realistic: to be able to live like this, you need to work hard. Next, let's take a closer look, exactly how much does the average Russian need to receive in order to be satisfied with his life.

How much-need-to-earn

How to determine how much money is needed for such a life?

The easiest way is to go towards a goal that is clearly and precisely defined. Therefore, it is necessary to work not just for the sake of a "beautiful life", but for the sake of obtaining a certain amount, which we will now try to calculate.

First, think and write down the most important purchases that you need for a normal life on a sheet. First of all, it is your own apartment (if you do not have one) and a car. For many people, buying real estate and a car is the most important goal in life, and it sometimes takes decades to achieve it.

Decide what kind of housing and car you would like to have. Look at the approximate prices on the Internet - so you can know at least the average amount that you need to earn. Naturally, this figure will come out very significant, even if you choose the most modest options. However, one should not give up and despair - with desire and determination, even the most difficult goals are achievable.

Next, decide on your regular minimum requests and needs. Food, hygiene and cosmetics, payment for utilities, use of the Internet and mobile communications, hobbies, bad habits, entertainment - calculate how much money you spend on this on average per month. Add to this amount the possible expenses for clothing and necessary purchases - furniture, household appliances, car maintenance and a small margin for unforeseen expenses.

Thus, you can determine at least approximately the average amount you need per month. Write down each expense item in a separate item. Ideally, make such calculations regular, write down in detail on a daily basis how much and on what funds you spent and how much you received. This will greatly simplify budgeting.

For example, let's try to calculate the number of monthly expenses for the average Russian

We have: a family of two, renting a one-room apartment in a residential area of ​​Moscow. A list of their monthly expenses might look like this:

- payment for an apartment - 25,000 rubles;

- meals - 10,000 rubles;

- hygiene and cosmetic products - 3,000 rubles;

- payment for using the Internet (600 rubles) and mobile communications (another 900 rubles) - a total of 1,500 per month;

- visit to the gym (husband) - 1,200, fitness club and swimming pool (wife) - 1,500, total - 2,700 rubles;

- buying cigarettes (only the husband smokes) - another 1,500 rubles;

- entertainment - once a month go to the cinema, once - to the water park, twice - go to a restaurant - in total we'll take 7,000 rubles;

- car maintenance and refueling - 6,000 rubles;

- buying clothes - 5,000 rubles.

Total for the month it took 61 700 rubles... With the average salary of a young Moscow family, in which both spouses work (let's take, for example, 90,000 rubles), this is quite good, but the costs include only the bare necessities, and living in a rented apartment for a lifetime is not a great pleasure.

By the way, a well-known financial analyst gave a rather interesting and, in fact, the correct answer to this question. According to him, given the growing human demands, it is necessary to double your income every two years - and only in this case you will be enough for a "normal life." Of course, such growth rates are impossible for most, but the essence is correct - no matter how much a person receives, it will still not be enough for him.

Real estate question - how much does a mortgage cost?

If you ask a person what, in his opinion, includes the concept of "normal life", the first place will probably be the presence of his own spacious apartment in a normal area. Today, the living conditions of the overwhelming majority of Russians (and residents of other countries too) are far from ideal, but even from satisfactory - there are often cases when a family with two children lives in a cramped two-room apartment, and this is far from the most difficult case. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to resolve the issue of having your own home.

The cost of residential real estate directly depends on the city, district, area and condition of the apartment. In a small town, you can easily find a "odnushka" for 600,000 rubles, in the regional center for the cheapest options, this price rises to at least a million, if it is a million-plus city - then up to one and a half, in St. Petersburg on the outskirts - increases again two. Well, in Moscow, you can hardly find anything cheaper than 4,500,000 rubles (and even then for that amount you will get a small apartment somewhere at the end of the metro station, requiring major repairs).

However, this article is not talking about the minimum cost of real estate, and therefore the above amounts for the purchase of normal housing should be increased at least one and a half to two times. Naturally, that much money will have to be collected for more than one year. Consider how much you need to earn to take out a mortgage for a resident of Moscow and, for example, Novosibirsk.

Buying an apartment in Moscow

Let's say the option you like costs 10 million rubles. For 2015 prices, it could be a two-room apartment in the Third Ring Road, not far from the metro. According to the conditions, in most banks it is necessary to make an initial payment, at least - 20%.

Suppose that you had 20% of the amount (2,000,000 rubles) (for example, your parents gave them for a wedding), and you deposited them right away. In total, it remains to pay the bank another 8,000,000 rubles. For example, we will use in the calculations. The interest rate is 14.5% per annum, you take out a mortgage for 10 years. We drive the data into the mortgage calculator. 126,629 rubles - this is how much you will have to pay every month for 10 years to Sberbank if you are going to take an apartment with the help of their mortgage. The overpayment will amount to 7,202,592, or 72% of the property value.

Add to this additionally those 61,700 rubles per month that are already spent on living. It is necessary to subtract the savings on rent and we get the final figure of expenses per month. Together with mortgage payments, you need to spend more than 163 thousand rubles monthly... In principle, for a young Moscow family, this amount is not something fantastic - with a good education or work experience, a young couple may well achieve such income, albeit not immediately, but after a couple of years. However, given that this amount is needed every month and for ten years, and you only have to buy the most essential goods, this hardly fits the definition of "normal life." That is why the answer to the question is it profitable to take a mortgage for the vast majority of people it will be negative. Alternatively, you can take out a mortgage for longer than 10 years, however, in this case, you will have to pay much more interest.

Buying an apartment in Novosibirsk (or any other large regional center)

The conditions are the same - a young married couple, without children, rents an apartment. The total income, of course, is less, let's say - 55,000 rubles, expenses - 40,000 rubles (15,000 - for rental housing, 25,000 - for minimum living).

Suppose that you have chosen a good spacious apartment worth 3,000,000 rubles, and you will take out real estate on a mortgage. You have the same 20% (600,000 rubles), the total is not enough 2,400,000 rubles. For example, let's take the same conditions - mortgage from Sberbank, 14.5% per year, for 10 years. You will need to pay 38 thousand rubles every month. We add living expenses, subtract rent. Total over ten years every month you will have to receive 63,000 rubles, and this is only for the most necessary things. For the regions, this is a fairly decent amount, although the conditions are very mild compared to Moscow.

So the mortgage is far from the best and most profitable option, and it will be better and more profitable to make money on an apartment in other ways. How exactly - you can read in numerous articles on this topic.

How much do you need to earn to buy a car?

But this question can be answered more precisely: the cost of the car, ideally, should not exceed your annual earnings. A similar formula has long been deduced by the American ones. In this case, you will not have to save up for a long time for a purchase, and you will be able to pay for maintenance and refueling of the car without much hitting your wallet. Now let's take a closer look.

Suppose you chose a 2007 Mazda 6 (hand-picked, of course). Its average price is 400,000 rubles. To buy it in one year, you will need to set aside 33,000 rubles a month. For two years - 16,500, respectively. In principle, many people can afford it without even resorting to serious savings. Well, if you endure for another year, then you will have to save even less per month - 11,000 rubles.

It is always more difficult to buy the first car, because to upgrade the class it is enough to sell your old car and add a little. Therefore, first you need to resort to investing.

How can you invest free funds

There are many articles on the topic “where to invest money”, so in this material we will not dwell on each option in detail.

1. Investing in a bank deposit. Depending on the currency, the bank and its conditions can bring you, as of 2015, 15% per annum or a little more.
2. Investment in a mutual fund or NPF (mutual investment fund). Higher risks, but higher profits. It is difficult to name the average percentage of profitability, approximately - 20%.
3. Investing in PAMM. There are high risks, but you can get even more income. + 50% per annum is not a record figure for top forex traders.
4. Investing in real estate. The option requires a considerable free amount, but allows you to receive a stable income.
5. ... Everything here is individual, and often depends not only on the amount of invested funds, but on the success of the project.
6. Buying precious items. Long term and unpredictable option.

It is also important to save on little things.... Take, for example, keeping funds on bank cards. In addition to interest on the balance (for example, Tinkoff Black gives 12% on the remaining funds, there are other cards with an income of 10% or more), you get additional bonuses such as cashback, discounts and opportunities to simplify calculations and payment of bills. Do not forget about using various bonus cards for purchases and payments for services that you make regularly. For example, if you refuel at Lukoil gas stations several times a week, the Lukoil-Petrokommerts-MasterCard card is suitable for you.

Thanks to the above methods, you can receive passive income... In the case of investing large amounts, the amount of profit will be such that the need for regular work may disappear altogether.

The most important thing is to understand correctly and in time what exactly will be a normal life for you. If you have clearly defined the goal (s) and know how to achieve them, you will definitely succeed.

The total cost of a normal life

So, if we put all the expenses together, we get the following layout: a young family needs an apartment, a car, money for daily expenses and rest. We agreed to save a year for the car. We did not talk about rest. As a rule, in order to relax at least once a year at current prices, you need to set aside at least 10 thousand rubles a month.

We get that in Moscow for a family of two, the monthly expense to maintain a normal standard of living is 206 thousand rubles, and in large cities of Russia - 106 thousand. Let's face it, the numbers are sky-high. Several interesting observations can be made from here:

- a lonely person in Russia will not pull a mortgage;

- the mortgage payment in practice is much more expensive than rent - after all, for yourself you will always take a good apartment, and for a while a bad odnushka will do too;

- the real expense of a young family, which does not cut itself much, is at least two times higher than the official average salary in the region.

What to do, because there is not enough for everything?

In practice, this is how it turns out. Almost no one can claim a decent standard of living. This is mainly a consequence of high (relative to wages) housing prices in Russia. If you got your grandmother's apartment, you are in chocolate. No - spin as you want. Wishlist should be tempered - less money for entertainment, more additional work, more income to direct to investments. Give up the car, and buy at least some apartment for a start, it can always be exchanged with a surcharge.

But this is all good in theory. And if there is no opportunity to earn a lot - there is no good job in the region, there is no money specialty? In practice, either part of the expenses of young people for many years falls on their parents, or, if they cannot help, life often turns out to be broken when people wander through removable corners, and only by forty, when life has been lived, they buy themselves a small apartment on the outskirts, in which the next generation of sufferers grows up ...

The middle class includes people with incomes that allow them to own real estate and a car, analysts say. According to ACRA experts, the middle class includes citizens who do not have problems with paying bills and buying necessary goods, they travel abroad and make savings, and can also afford a mortgage and a car loan. They have higher education, are engaged in mental labor or entrepreneurship.

There is no unambiguous definition of the middle class, but there is a conceptual understanding, Lilia Ovcharova, Director of Social Research at the Higher School of Economics, explained to RBC. “The middle class, in addition to income, as a rule, has certain professional competencies, is prone to change, and is mobile in terms of career. The meaningful difference between the middle class and others is that it begins to invest its resources in education, health care and other development-related costs, ”she said.

To calculate the minimum thresholds for wages for inclusion in the middle class, analysts analyzed the cost of real estate in the region, conditional prices for a middle class car, the cost of vacations twice a year, payment of utility bills in the regions. Current consumption was estimated through the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods for each constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

“When we looked at the minimum wage level, which is necessary for people to consider themselves the middle class, we saw that the minimum that a person should earn in a particular region is about 60 thousand rubles.” - said Anisimova. At the same time, the expected salary level in Moscow should be twice as high as in any other region. “This is 120 thousand rubles,” said the ACRA expert.

According to her, the high minimum wage level for entering the middle class in the Urals Federal District is due to the fact that "the cost of living and the level of wages on average in the mining regions are high." And in the Far East, a large contribution to the growth of the minimum wage is made by the high cost of housing. "The cost of one square meter of housing in the Far Eastern Federal District is on average 1.4 times higher than the cost of housing in Russia, with the exception of Moscow," Anisimova said.

According to Rosstat, the average salary in the country at the end of 2017 amounted to 39.1 thousand rubles, in January-April 2018 - 41.4 thousand rubles.

The decline of the middle class

If we evaluate the middle class in monetary terms, then since 2014 this group has really "dried up", says Ovcharova. “Before the collapse of the population's income in November-December 2014, it was about 30% of the sample, and in terms of the general population [of the entire population of the country] - 36-38%. But already in 2015, the middle class shrank by 3 percentage points. from the sample, or by 6 p.p. in the general sense, ”she said. In subsequent years, there is some recovery in dynamics, the expert noted, but she has not yet returned to the level of 2014.

Inequality in wages across the country

Differentiation in the level of wages of Russians (the ratio of the average wage of the 10% most paid to 10% of the least paid workers) has fluctuated around the level of 15 times over the past eight years. “10% of the least paid workers consistently receive wages about 15 times less than 10% of the most paid workers,” Anisimova said. For Moscow, the indicator is more volatile from year to year, but generally corresponds to the general trend in the country.

Official statistics do not reflect all the inequality in wages, Ovcharova said. The HSE in its research (we are talking about the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population of the NRU HSE) also takes into account the informal sector, which makes the gap even wider, she notes. “If we take the variable part of wages and salaries in the informal economy, then the differentiation increases, according to our estimates, by about 26 times,” she said.

The gap in the level of wages between the mining and non-mining regions is growing, ACRA experts are sure. “Over the past eight years, the share of workers who receive high wages, who can be attributed to the middle class, has grown in Russia as a whole. However, this growth in most regions ranged from tenths of a percent to two to three percent. Most of the growth is observed in the mining regions and in financial centers - Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Moscow region, which is growing after Moscow. Thus, differentiation is only getting worse, ”Anisimova emphasized.

Russia's regions are very differentiated, and not only in comparison with Moscow, says Ovcharova. “If you take the Tyumen Oblast or Sakhalin Oblast, where the country's export potential is concentrated, then everything there is comparable to Moscow. The same Petersburg is closer to Moscow than all the others, ”she said.

In the structure of citizens' expenses, attributed by ACRA analysts to the middle class, expenses for cars (from 32 to 20%) and current consumption (from 21 to 17%) prevail. The exception is Moscow, where the structure of expenses is more consistent with the concept of "middle class", which is characterized by the main direction of spending on investments, real estate, and durable goods. “In no case should the maximum fall on current consumption: groceries, paying bills or a car. It turns out that basically in all federal districts the middle class spends on cars and current consumption, except for Moscow, ”said the ACRA expert. The largest expenses of the capital's middle class go to housing (35%), followed by spending on a car (20%), current consumption (17%).

HeadHunter asked 10 thousand working residents of Russia what wages they consider worthy. It turned out that the average salary is only 53% of the decent, in the opinion of the respondents, remuneration for work.

Only 9% of respondents admitted that they consider their salary to be decent. It was called “normal” by 22% of the respondents. Another 69% of workers do not speak of their current wages as decent.

Workers from the Southern, North Caucasian and Central federal districts are most dissatisfied with it, and the Moscow region and the Northwestern Federal District showed the highest level of satisfaction with monthly income.

It should be added that the highest offered salary is now in Moscow and the region - 58 thousand rubles, and the lowest in the Central Federal District, excluding Moscow and the region - 28 thousand.

HeadHunter analysts asked respondents to indicate the amount of salary that, in their opinion, would be worthy. In general, in Russia, the salary was considered worthy. At the same time, in Moscow, a decent salary, according to respondents, is, in St. Petersburg and the region -. In third place is the Far Eastern Federal District, its working residents consider a decent salary of at least 69 thousand rubles.

The most modest expectations are in the Northwestern Federal District (excluding St. Petersburg and the region) - 43 thousand rubles. And the largest gap between a decent salary and the average for the region was found in the Volga Federal District: the difference between them is more than 100%.

“A decent salary is a rather vague concept,” explained Maria Ignatova, head of the HeadHunter Research Service. - For some, this is income that allows you to satisfy any need without restrictions. In this case, the salary will be worthy, which does not end at the end of the month, when any desire that has arisen can be realized without delay, since the money is always on hand. And for some, this is a salary that simply allows you to live a normal life, pay for food, loans, for kindergarten. People rarely think about savings. They live according to the principle "here and now."