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Drilling metal

Drilling holes on drilling machine

Drilling by marking. Before starting work on the drilling machine, prepare workplace... The tool must be installed in the spindle securely and correctly, and the product must be fixed on the machine table. Do not allow the drill to run out, which usually occurs due to improper installation. The handles (levers) for controlling the machine speeds are moved to the position corresponding to the selected cutting mode.

When starting drilling, you need to start up the machine and bring the drill to the product smoothly, without impacts: it will be installed with its top exactly in the punched-out recess. Drilling along the marking is performed in two steps: first, test drilling is performed, and then the final one. During trial drilling, a small recess with a size of about lU of the hole diameter is drilled with manual feed, then the drill is raised, the chips are removed and the coincidence of the drilled recess with the center of the marked circle is checked. If there is such a match, you can

continue drilling and finish it. If the over-drilled groove has moved away from the center, then it is corrected, for which two or three grooves are cut from the center in the direction of the groove where the drill needs to be shifted. After making one more over-drilling and making sure it is correct, the drilling is completed.

Be very careful when drilling. It is necessary to occasionally remove the drill from the hole and free its grooves from chips. Insert the drill back into the hole carefully, as it is easy to break. If a through hole is being drilled, then at the moment the drill comes out of it, turn off the automatic feed and switch to manual, releasing the pressure on the drill.

For diameters over 30 mm, holes are drilled in two steps: first with a smaller drill, and then with a drill to the final size.

If an increased surface finish of the hole is required, then reaming is performed with a countersink or, for even greater cleanliness, with reamers, sometimes in several passes.

Let's consider a few examples of drilling holes on drilling machines.

Drilling a through hole with a diameter of 20 mm in a cast iron bar. When performing this work, you should adhere to the following sequence of actions:
1) get a workpiece and a drill;
2) prepare the workplace;
3) mark the block by applying two risks on its wide plane diagonally (from corner to corner), mark the center of the hole; outline a control circle with a diameter of 20.5 mm with a compass and mark it;
4) put a machine vise on the table of the drilling machine and clamp the bar in them, having previously cleaned the machine table, vice and the bar from shavings;
5) determine the most productive drilling mode;
6) adjust the machine to the selected spindle speed and the selected feed;
7) install the drill in the machine spindle;
8) start up the machine and check if the drill is hitting;
9) bring the drill to the center marked with a center punch and drill a test recess, take the drill away from the bar;
10) check the coincidence of the over-drilled recess with the center of the reference circle; if there is a deviation to the side, eliminate it;
11) having corrected the over-drilled recess, finally drill the hole;
12) stop the machine, remove the block, remove the drill from the spindle and clean the machine from shavings.

Rice. 1. Cutting of grooves when pulling the over-drilled recess to the side

Rice. 2. Drawing of a cast iron bar

Rice. 3. Drilling a hole in the square: a - with the clamping of the part in a vice; b - with a clamp of the part in the fixture; 1 - drill, 2 - square (work piece), 3 - lining, 4 - vise or fixture, 5 - machine table

Drilling through holes with a diameter of 8 mm in the square. Material - mild steel.

Work on each hole should be done like this:
1) clamp the square in a vice or in a special device;
2) select the processing mode;
3) set up the machine for the selected spindle speed and the selected feed;
4) insert the drill chuck or adapter sleeves into the machine spindle;
5) fix the drill and check it for runout;
6) bring the drill to the intended recess;
7) start up the machine;
8) drill a test hole and check it against the reference circles; stop the machine and correct the withdrawal of the groove, if any;
9) start up the machine, re-drill a small depression, check if the drift has been eliminated;
10) finally drill the hole;
11) rearrange the square in a vice for drilling a hole on its other shelf;
12) repeat the operations specified in paragraphs. 8-11;
13) stop the machine;
14) remove the square from the vice, remove the drill, clean the machine.

Rice. 4. Drilling a blind hole: a-drawing of the part; b - installation of a part for drilling; 1 - fixture, 2 - clamping bar, 3 - prisms

Drilling a blind hole in the roller. The center of the hole is marked.

This work is done as follows:
1) prepare tools and devices;
2) install and fix the roller on the machine table;
3) determine the required number of spindle revolutions;
4) adjust the machine to a set spindle speed and a given drilling depth;
5) fix the drill in the chuck and check it for runout;
6) drill a test recess and check its coincidence with the control risk;
7) the hole is finally drilled;
8) stop the machine, take out the drill and chuck, remove the roller from the machine table, clean the machine from shavings.

In fig. 5 shows other cases of drilling holes.

Drilling on the conductor.

Rice. 5. Drilling examples

Rice. 6. Drilling in fixtures: a and b - types of conductors

The jig is placed on that part of the surface of the product where holes are to be drilled. Fix the jig to the product with side screws or clamps of various designs.

The box jig is in the form of a box with a hinged lid. The workpiece to be processed is placed inside the box and secured with a lid. For drilling, the drill is inserted into the corresponding guide sleeve of the conductor and a hole is drilled in the product. Using a conductor reduces the time for installation and alignment of products; in addition, there is no need for marking and trial drilling.

Blind hole drilling. Blind holes dr. They are fed to the required depth using a thrust device available on the drilling machine, or (if there is no such device) with a thrust sleeve fixed to the drill. The drilling depth is marked on the drill with chalk or pencil. In cases of using the machine stop, the drill, fixed in the spindle, is lowered onto the product, and the stop rod is installed and fixed at a height corresponding to the hole depth. When the drill goes down to the set depth, the stop rod will stop when it reaches the stop. As a result, with manual feed, the drill will not be able to advance further into the metal, and with automatic feed, the movement of the drill will stop.

Drilling incomplete holes. To obtain incomplete holes (half holes), two parts are fixed in a vice so that their surfaces, on which incomplete holes are to be drilled, coincide. The centers of the holes are marked on the joint line of the fixed parts and drilled in the usual way.

Rice. 7. Drilling blinds from< верстий по втулочному упору на сверле: 1 - быстродействующее зажимное приспособление, 2 - изделие, 3 - упорная втулка

Drilling with a "package". When drilling thin parts, to speed up the work, usually several pieces of parts are assembled into a "package", squeezed with clamps, clamped in a vice and the parts collected in this way are drilled simultaneously.

Work on drilling holes in metal, depending on the type of holes and the properties of the metal, can be performed with different tools and using different techniques. We would like to tell you about the methods of drilling, tools, as well as safety measures when performing these works.

Drilling holes in metal may be needed for repairs engineering systems, household appliances, a car, the creation of structures from sheet and profile steel, the design of crafts from aluminum and copper, in the manufacture of boards for radio equipment and in many other cases. It is important to understand what tool is needed for each type of work, so that the holes are of the right diameter and in a strictly designated place, and what safety measures will help to avoid injuries.

Tools, fixtures, drills

The main drilling tools are hand and power drills and, if possible, drilling machines. The working body of these mechanisms - a drill - can have a different shape.

There are drills:

• spiral (most common);
• screw;
• crowns;
• conical;
• feathers, etc.

Drill production of various designs standardized by numerous GOSTs. Drills up to Ø 2 mm are not marked, up to Ø 3 mm - the shank indicates the section and steel grade, larger diameters may contain additional information. To obtain a hole of a certain diameter, you need to take a drill a few tenths of a millimeter smaller. The better the drill is sharpened, the smaller the difference between these diameters.

Drills differ not only in diameter, but also in length - they are produced short, elongated and long. Important information is the ultimate hardness of the metal being processed. The drill shank can be cylindrical or tapered, which should be borne in mind when choosing a drill chuck or adapter sleeve.

1. Drill with cylindrical shank. 2. Drill with taper shank. 3. Drill with a sword for carving. 4. Center drill. 5. Drill with two diameters. 6. Center drill. 7. Conical drill. 8. Conical multistage drill

Some work and materials require special sharpening. The harder the metal being processed, the sharper the edge must be. For thin sheet metal, a conventional twist drill may not work; you will need a tool with a special sharpening. Detailed recommendations for of various types drills and processed metals (thickness, hardness, hole type) are quite extensive, and we will not consider them in this article.

Various types of drill sharpening. 1. For rigid steel. 2. For of stainless steel... 3. For copper and copper alloys. 4. For aluminum and aluminum alloys. 5. For cast iron. 6. Bakelite

1. Standard sharpening. 2. Free sharpening. 3. Diluted sharpening. 4. Heavy sharpening. 5. Separate sharpening

To fix the parts before drilling, use a vice, stops, conductors, corners, clamps with bolts and other devices. This is not only a safety requirement, but in fact it is more convenient, and the holes are of better quality.

For chamfering and processing the surface of the channel, a cylindrical or conical countersink is used, and a hammer and a center punch are used to mark a point for drilling and so that the drill “does not jump off”.

Advice! The best drills are still considered to be produced in the USSR - the exact adherence to GOST on the geometry and composition of the metal. The German Ruko with titanium coating are also good, as well as drills from Bosch - a proven quality. Good feedback about Haisser products - usually powerful large diameter... The Zubr drills, especially the Cobalt series, have shown themselves worthy.

Drilling modes

It is very important to correctly position and guide the drill and select the cutting mode.

When making holes in metal by drilling, important factors are the number of revolutions of the drill and the feed force applied to the drill, directed along its axis, providing the drill depth with one revolution (mm / rev). When working with different metals and drills, different cutting conditions are recommended, and the harder the metal being processed and the larger the drill diameter, the lower the recommended cutting speed. Index correct regime- beautiful, long shavings.

Use the tables to choose the right mode and not dull the drill prematurely.

Table 2. Correction factors

Table 3. RPM and feed for different drill diameters and drilling in carbon steel

Types of holes in metal and how to drill them

Hole types:

• deaf;
• end-to-end;
• half (incomplete);
• deep;
• large diameter;
• for an internal thread.

Thread holes require the determination of diameters with tolerances established in GOST 16093-2004. For common hardware, the calculation is shown in table 5.

Table 5. Ratio of metric and inch threads, as well as selection of hole size for pre-drilling

Through holes

Through holes penetrate the workpiece completely, forming a passage in it. A feature of the process is the protection of the surface of the workbench or table top from the drill going beyond the workpiece, which can damage the drill itself, as well as provide the workpiece with a "burr" - a guard. To avoid this, use the following methods:

• use a workbench with a hole;
• put a gasket made of wood or "sandwich" - wood + metal + wood under the part;
• put a metal bar with a hole for the free passage of the drill under the part;
• reduce the feed rate in the last step.

The latter method is mandatory when drilling holes "in place" so as not to damage closely spaced surfaces or parts.

Holes in thin sheet metal are cut with nib drills because the twist drill will damage the edges of the workpiece.

Blind holes

Such holes are made to a certain depth and do not penetrate the workpiece through and through. There are two ways to measure depth:

• limiting the length of the drill with a sleeve stop;
• limiting the length of the drill with a chuck with an adjustable stop;
• using a ruler fixed on the machine;
• a combination of ways.

Some machines are equipped with an automatic feed to a predetermined depth, after which the mechanism stops. During the drilling process, it may be necessary to stop several times to remove the chips.

Complex holes

Holes located on the edge of the workpiece (half) can be made by connecting two workpieces or the workpiece and the gasket with the edges and clamping them with a vice and drilling a full hole. The gasket must be made of the same material as the workpiece to be machined, otherwise the drill will "go" towards the least resistance.

A through hole in the corner (profile metal rolling) is performed by fixing the workpiece in a vice and using a wooden gasket.

It is more difficult to drill a cylindrical workpiece tangentially. The process is divided into two operations: preparation of the site perpendicular to the hole (milling, countersinking) and the actual drilling. Drilling holes in angled surfaces also begins with site preparation, after which a wooden spacer is inserted between the planes, forming a triangle, and a hole is drilled through the corner.

The hollow parts are drilled by filling the cavity with a wood cork.

Shoulder holes are produced using two techniques:

1. Reaming. The hole is drilled to the full depth with a drill of the smallest diameter, after which it is reamed to a given depth with drills with diameters from smaller to larger. The advantage of the method is a well-centered hole.
2. Reducing the diameter. A hole of the maximum diameter is drilled to a given depth, then the drills are changed with a sequential decrease in the diameter and deepening of the hole. This method makes it easier to control the depth of each step.

1. Reaming the hole. 2. Reducing the diameter

Large holes, circular drilling

Obtaining large-diameter holes in massive workpieces, up to 5-6 mm thick, is a laborious and costly business. Relatively small diameters - up to 30 mm (maximum 40 mm) can be obtained using tapered, or better step-taper drills. For holes with a larger diameter (up to 100 mm), you will need hollow bimetallic or carbide-tipped bits with a center drill. Moreover, craftsmen traditionally recommend Bosch in this case, especially on hard metal, for example, steel.

This hole drilling is less energy intensive, but can be more costly. In addition to drills, the power of the drill and the ability to work at the lowest speeds are important. Moreover, the thicker the metal, the more you will want to make a hole on the machine, and with a large number of holes in a sheet with a thickness of more than 12 mm, it is better to immediately look for such an opportunity.

In a thin-sheet blank, a large-diameter hole is obtained with the help of narrow-toothed crowns or a milling cutter fixed on a "grinder", but the edges in the latter case leave much to be desired.

Deep holes, coolant

Sometimes a deep hole is required. In theory, this is a hole that is five times its diameter. In practice, deep drilling is called drilling, requiring periodic forced removal of chips and the use of coolants (cutting fluids).

In drilling, coolant is needed primarily to reduce the temperature of the drill and workpiece, which are heated by friction. Therefore, when making holes in copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and is itself capable of removing heat, the coolant can be omitted. Cast iron can be drilled relatively easily and without lubrication (except for high-strength ones).

In production, industrial oils, synthetic emulsions, emulsols and some hydrocarbons are used as coolant. In home workshops, you can use:

• technical vaseline, castor oil - for mild steels;
• laundry soap- for aluminum alloys such as D16T;
• a mixture of kerosene with castor oil - for duralumin;
• soapy water - for aluminum;
• turpentine diluted with alcohol - for silumin.

The universal refrigerated liquid can be prepared independently. To do this, you need to dissolve 200 g of soap in a bucket of water, add 5 tablespoons of engine oil, you can waste it, and boil the solution until a soapy homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Some craftsmen use lard to reduce friction.

Deep holes can be made with solid and circular drilling, and in the latter case, the central rod formed by the rotation of the crown is not broken out entirely, but in parts, weakening it with additional small-diameter holes.

Solid drilling is performed in a well-fixed workpiece with a twist drill, into the channels of which coolant is supplied. Periodically, without stopping the rotation of the drill, you need to remove it and clean the cavity from chips. Work with a twist drill is performed in stages: first, take a short one and drill a hole, which is then buried with a drill of the appropriate size. If the hole depth is significant, it is advisable to use jig bushings.

If you regularly drill deep holes, we recommend purchasing a special machine with automatic coolant supply to the drill and accurate centering.

Drilling by marking, template and jig

You can drill holes according to the made markings or without them - using a template or a jig.

Marking is done with a center punch. A blow of a hammer marks the place for the tip of the drill. You can also mark the place with a felt-tip pen, but the hole is also needed so that the tip does not move from the intended point. The work is carried out in two stages: preliminary drilling, hole inspection, final drilling. If the drill has "gone" from the intended center, notches (grooves) are made with a narrow chisel, guiding the point to the specified place.

To determine the center of a cylindrical blank, a square piece of sheet metal is used, bent at 90 ° so that the height of one shoulder is approximately one radius. Applying a corner on different sides of the workpiece, draw a pencil along the edge. As a result, you have an area around the center. You can find the center by the theorem - the intersection of perpendiculars from two chords.

The template is needed when making a series of similar parts with several holes. It is convenient to use it for a pack of thin-sheet blanks connected by a clamp. In this way, several drilled workpieces can be obtained at the same time. Instead of a template, a drawing or diagram is sometimes used, for example, in the manufacture of parts for radio equipment.

The conductor is used when it is very important to keep the distance between the holes and the strict perpendicularity of the channel. When drilling deep holes or when working with thin-walled tubes, in addition to the conductor, guides can be used to fix the position of the drill relative to the metal surface.

When working with a power tool, it is important to remember about human safety and prevent premature wear of the tool and possible marriage. In this regard, we have collected some useful tips:

1. Before work, you need to check the fastenings of all elements.
2. When working on a machine or with an electric drill, clothes should not contain elements that can get under the influence of rotating parts. Protect eyes from shavings with goggles.
3. The drill, when approaching the metal surface, should already rotate, otherwise it will quickly become dull.
4. It is necessary to remove the drill from the hole without turning off the drill, reducing the speed if possible.
5. If the drill does not go deep into the metal, then its hardness is lower than that of the workpiece. Increased hardness in steel can be detected by drawing a file over the sample - the absence of traces indicates increased hardness. In this case, the drill must be selected from a carbide alloy with additives and work at low speeds with a small feed.
6. If the small diameter drill does not fit well in the chuck, wind a few turns of brass wire around the shank, increasing the grip diameter.
7. If the surface of the workpiece is polished, place a felt washer over the drill to ensure it does not scratch even if it touches the drill chuck. When securing polished or chromed steel workpieces, use cloth or leather spacers.
8. When making deep holes, a rectangular piece of foam, planted on a drill, can serve as a gauge and, at the same time, rotate to blow off small chips.

1) A grinding stone with a radius of 30 cm makes one revolution in 0.6 s. Where are the points with the highest linear velocity, and what is it equal to?
2) Find the centripetal acceleration acting on the teeth of a circular saw with a diameter of 600 mm at a speed of 3000 rpm?
3)

human work, if he applied a force of 240H to the rope, what power did the person develop?

up to a speed of 20 m / s. What is the modulus of the force that accelerated the car?

3) At a speed of 54 km / h, the thrust force of the car engine is 800 N. What is the engine power?

1) to the same place where the movement is directed; 2) against the direction of movement; 4) regardless of the direction of movement;
2. A physical quantity equal to the ratio of the movement of a material point to a physically small period of time during which this movement occurred is called
1) the average speed of uneven movement of a material point; 2) the instantaneous speed of a material point; 3) the speed of uniform movement of a material point.
3. In which case is the acceleration module greater?
1) the body moves at a high constant speed; 2) the body is rapidly gaining or losing speed; 3) the body is slowly gaining or losing speed.
4. Newton's third law describes:
1) the action of one body on another; 2) the action of one material point on another; 3) interaction of two material points.
5. The locomotive is coupled to the carriage. The force with which the locomotive acts on the car is equal to the forces that impede the movement of the car. Other forces do not affect the movement of the carriage. Consider the frame of reference connected to the Earth as inertial. In this case:
1) the carriage can only be at rest; 2) the car can only move at a constant speed; 3) the carriage is moving at a constant speed or at rest; 4) the car is moving with acceleration.
6. An apple weighing 0.3 kg falls from the tree. Choose the correct statement
1) the apple acts on the Earth with a force of 3H, and the Earth does not act on the apple; 2) The Earth acts on the apple with a force of 3H, and the apple does not act on the Earth; 3) the apple and the Earth do not act on each other; 4) the apple and the Earth act on each other with a force of 3 N.
7. Under the action of a force of 8N, the body moves with an acceleration of 4m / s2. What is its mass equal to?
1) 32 kg; 2) 0.5kg; 3) 2 kg; 4) 20kg.
8. With dry friction, the maximum static friction force:
1) more force of sliding friction; 2) less sliding friction force; 3) is equal to the sliding friction force.
9. The force of elasticity is directed:
1) against the displacement of particles during deformation; 2) in the direction of particle displacement during deformation; 3) nothing can be said about its direction.
10. How do the mass and weight of a body change when it moves from the equator to the pole of the Earth?
1) body weight and weight do not change; 2) body weight does not change, weight increases; 3) body weight does not change, weight decreases; 4) body weight and weight decrease.
11. After turning off the rocket engines, the spacecraft moves vertically upward, reaches the top point of the trajectory and then moves downward. On what part of the trajectory in the ship is the state of weightlessness observed? Air resistance is negligible.
1) only during the upward movement; 2) only during downward movement; 3) only at the moment of reaching the top point of the trajectory; 4) during the entire flight with inoperative engines.
12. An astronaut on Earth is attracted to it with a force of 700N. With what approximately force will it be attracted to Mars, being on its surface, if the radius of Mars is 2 times, and the mass is 10 times less than that of the Earth?
1) 70H; 2) 140 N; 3) 210 N; 4) 280N.
Part 2
The body is thrown at an angle to the horizon with an initial speed of 10 m / s. What is the speed of the body at the moment when it is at a height of 3 m?
Determine the force of gravity acting on a body weighing 12 kg, lifted above the Earth at a distance equal to a third of the Earth's radius.
What work needs to be done to lift a 30 kg load to a height of 10 m with an acceleration of 0.5 m / s2

Job 4

Example 4. On a vertical drilling machine 2H135, a through hole with a diameter of d = 20 mm is drilled to a diameter of D = 50 H12 (+0.25) to a depth of l = 70 mm. Processed material - Steel 45 with δ B = 680 MPa, blank - stamping. Cooling with emulsion. A sketch of the processing is shown in Figure 14.

REQUIRED: Select cutting tool, the material of its cutting part, its design and geometrical parameters. Assign cutting mode according to the standards and determine the main processing time. Give a sketch of processing. Figure 12 - Sketch of processing a workpiece

SOLUTION: Ι. We select a drill and set its design and geometrical parameters. We accept a twist drill with a diameter of D = 50 mm; cutting part material - high-speed steel R18 (appendix 1, page 349). You can also accept steel that is not listed in Appendix 1.

Geometric elements: sharpening shape - double, (appendix 2, page 355). Due to the lack of recommendations on the choice of other geometric parameters in the standards, we accept them according to the reference book: 2γ = 118˚, 2γ 0 = 70˚, ψ = 40 ... 60˚, with standard sharpening ψ = 55˚; α = 11˚, length of the secondary edge b = 9 mm. (table 45, p. 152), ω = 24 ... 32˚; for standard drills D> 10 mm for machining structural steel ω = 30˚.

Assign cutting mode

1.Depth of Cut:

t = D-d / 2 = 50-20 / 2 = 15 mm.

2. Assign the serve (card 52, page 116). For the second group of feeds, assuming that a workpiece of medium hardness is being drilled, we find for processing a steel workpiece D = 50 mm and d = 20 mm S 0 = 0.6 ... 0.8 mm / rev. We correct the feed on the machine S 0 = 0.8 mm / rev.

We check the accepted feed according to the axial force allowed by the strength of the machine feed mechanism. Due to the absence in the standards of the table, the value of the axial component of the cutting force during reaming, we determine its value according to the reference book (p. 435):

Р 0 = С р ∙ Д Qp ∙ t xp ∙ S 0 yp ∙ K p (19)

We write out from table 32, page 281 the coefficients and exponents for the formula (19) for drilling structural steel with δ в = 750 MPa; a tool made of high-speed steel: C p = 37.8; Qp = 0; xp = 1.3; yp = 0.7.

We take into account the correction factor for the cutting force K p = K mp (according to table 9, page 264):

K mp = where np = 0.75, K mp =

P 0 = 37.8 ∙ 50 0 ∙ 15 1.3 ∙ 0.8 0.7 ∙ 0.93 = 1016 kgf = 9967 N.

For the machine 2Н135 Р 0 max = 1500 kgf, Р 0< Р 0 max (1016<1500) Следовательно назначенная подача S 0 =0,8 мм/об вполне допустима.

3.Set the drill durability period according to the standard, table 2, page 98. For drills with a diameter of D = 50 mm, a tool life of T = 90 min is recommended. Permissible drill wear on the flank surface h 3 = 1 mm along the tape h 3 = 1.5 mm.

4. Determine the speed of the main cutting movement allowed by the cutting properties of the drill. On card 53 (p. 117) we find for the shape of sharpening DP, the difference in diameters D- d = 50-20 = 30 mm. (according to the column "up to 50 mm"), S 0 up to 1 mm / rev, that V table = 13.6 m / min. For the given processing conditions given in map 53, the correction factor K nv = 1. According to the note to map 53, it is necessary to additionally take into account the correction factor K mv on map 42, pp. 104-105. For steel 45 with δ b = 680 MPa (see the range 560 ... 750 MPa) K mv = 1, therefore:

V = V table ∙ 1 ∙ 1 = 13.6 ∙ 1 ∙ 1 = 13.6 m / min.

5. Determine the spindle speed corresponding to the found speed of the main cutting movement:

We correct the speed according to the passport data of the machine and set the actual speed of the spindle n d = 90 min -1.

6. Actual speed of the main cutting motion

7. Determine the power spent on cutting (map 54, p. 118 ... 119). For δ in = 560 ... 680 MPa, D- d up to 32 mm, S 0 up to 0.84 mm / rev, with V up to 15.1 m / min, we find N tab = 3.3 kW. Correction factors for power in the indicated map are not given, therefore: N res = N tab = 3.3 kW.

8.Check whether the drive power of the machine is sufficient N rez< N шп. У станка 2Н135 N шп = N д ∙0,8=3,6кВт. Следовательно обработка возможна так как N рез < N шп.

9. Determine the main processing time.

When drilling with a single sharpened drill, plunge-in y = t ∙ ctgγ, and with double sharpening y = t 1 ∙ ctgγ 0 + t 2 ∙ ctgγ, where t 1 is the depth of cut in the section of the secondary edges; t 1 = in ∙ sinγ 0; length of the secondary edge в = 9 mm, 2γ 0 = 70º; 2γ = 118º; t 1 = 9 ∙ sin35º = 9 ∙ 0.57 = 0.51; t 2 - depth of cut (mm) in the area of ​​the main cutting edges: t 2 = t-t 1 = 15-5.1 = 9.9 mm. At 5.1 ∙ ctg35º + 9.9 ∙ ctg59º = 5.1 ∙ 1.43 + 9.9 ∙ 0.6 = 13.2 mm. Overtravel in the section ∆ = 1 ... 3 mm. We accept 3 mm. Then: L = 70 + 13.2 + 3 = 86.2 mm.

Task 4. On a vertical drilling machine 2H135, a hole with a diameter d to a diameter D to a depth of 1 is drilled (Table 4).

REQUIRED: Select a cutting tool, material of its cutting part, its design and geometrical parameters. Assign cutting mode according to standard data and determine the main processing time. Give a sketch of the processing of the part.

Table 4

Data for task 4

Continuation of table 4