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Partial or complete disability. Disability can be temporary or permanent. An occupational disability is a disability resulting from an occupational disease, occupational poisoning, or an occupational injury.

Disability can be caused by illness or injury. In order to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities, there are special state programs that provide support for people with disabilities and their adaptation to the conditions of modern society. Often, disability is not a sentence at all. And with some support, such people can lead a fairly active lifestyle. In this article, we will analyze in which cases a person can apply for a disability, what kind of assistance he can count on, what opportunities exist today for the adaptation and socialization of disabled people.

In Russia, there is a whole list of legislative acts regulating the conditions under which a person is recognized as a disabled person, as well as benefits for the disability group and other rights. Other countries have also adopted legislative acts on the issue of disability, but they have some differences from Russian ones.

Disability: List of Diseases

In order to determine whether a particular disease can become the basis for disability, it is important to understand that disability is not due to the presence of a disease, but due to the limitations that arise as a result of this pathology. These dysfunctions include:

• Mental disorders, which include loss of intelligence, problems with memory and thinking, impaired consciousness, leading to the loss of the ability to perform completely normal functions.
• Disorders of speech. Diseases and injuries leading to complete or partial loss of voice, as well as violations of written speech.
• Disorders of any type of analyzers. If a person has impaired hearing or vision, other sensitivity suffers (impaired tactile sensitivity, problems with pain threshold, etc.), he may also get a disability.
• Physical imbalances, deformation of body parts, interfering with the full implementation of motor functions.

Persons suffering from various types of diseases and pathologies of the body can get disability due to the above reasons. The list of diseases of the disabled may include:

• Respiratory diseases
• Problems in the circulatory system
• Digestive system diseases
• Diseases of an immunological nature
• Disruption of the normal state of connective tissue
• Lesions of the central nervous system
• Mental disorders
• Visual impairment
• Hearing impairment and related speech pathologies
• Endocrine diseases
• Skin diseases
• Problems with the musculoskeletal system
• Oncological diseases and other neoplasms

Depending on how much a particular disease interferes with the normal life of a person, on the basis of an examination, one or another category of disability is assigned to him.

Can the degree of disability change?

A specific disability group is assigned on the basis of a conclusion made by a medical and social examination. The purpose of the survey, which is conducted by ITU representatives, is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health status of the person who applied to them. Since most people with disabilities need regular confirmation of the group, they visit this commission at regular intervals. If in the course of the subsequent examination it is revealed that the person's condition has improved (basically, it is not about physical recovery, but about the fact that the patient has better adapted to social conditions, has become more resistant to the disease psychologically, and has also learned to perform some actions), the rights of medical and social examination include the lowering of the group.

The increase in the group is also within the competence of the ITU and occurs if the next examination confirmed the deterioration of the patient's condition. Very often this applies to progressive diseases, for example, Parkinson's disease, in which a gradual deterioration of the patient's condition is inevitable.

Those who undergo a medical and social examination do not always agree with the change in the category of disability. Most often this applies to those individuals who have received a group demotion; if a person or his representatives (in the case of confirmed incapacity) consider such a change in category unlawful, they can appeal this decision in other divisions of medical and social expertise - for example, in the main or federal bureau.

Disability is not an integral category and implies the division into several groups of disability in accordance with the restrictions that the corresponding pathologies of the body impose on the life, ability to work and legal capacity of a person.

How many disability groups are there

How many disability groups are there? In Russia, a classification has been adopted that includes three groups of disability. The criteria for each of these groups, as well as the benefits, payments and other benefits due to the appointment of such a group, are determined by the relevant law. At the same time, those who want to make full use of their disability benefits are advised to closely monitor changes in legislation, since the laws are periodically reviewed and supplemented.

1 group of disabilities

Disability group 1 is assigned to citizens with the most severe health problems. Health problems and pathology of the body entail the need for constant support and assistance, a certain social protection due to a significant limitation of life.

According to the law, disability group 1 is assigned to persons who face the following violations and restrictions in their daily life:

• The impossibility of self-service, including household. A person constantly needs help from outside (for example, relatives or social workers), including in such moments as the implementation of physiological needs.
• Movement problems. Disabled people of group 1 often cannot move independently.
• Disorders of orientation in space. In such a situation, a person constantly suffers from the fact that he cannot navigate in an unfamiliar, and sometimes in a familiar environment, so he needs the support of outsiders.
• Impossibility of communication. For those who are assigned 1 disability group, the severity of this factor leads to a complete inability to communicate.
• Significant violations of self-control. Some disorders, including brain damage, entail an inability to control their own behavior, while the disease also determines the inability to somehow correct this moment.
• A person is unable to carry out labor activity, or it is contraindicated for him in any form. Education of such people is also impossible.

If the results of the examination are sufficient to assign a disability group 1 to a person, the next re-examination is appointed in two years. For this period, a person receives an appropriate document confirming his disabled status, as well as an individually developed rehabilitation program. If the commission did not consider the health disorders sufficient to assign 1 disability group in this particular case, but the disabled person himself considers this decision to be erroneous, he has the right to file a complaint within 30 days to the main office.

2 group of disabilities

Group 2 disability is issued if, in contrast to the first category, the severity of pathologies and diseases of the body is moderate. These disorders include:

• Moderate restriction in movement. Assistance to such persons with disabilities is only partially required, for example, when using public transport. In a familiar environment, independent movement is possible.
• Problems with maintaining an adequate perception of the environment without assistance.
• Limited communication options. The transmission and receipt of information by disabled persons of the second group, experiencing similar difficulties, is partially possible, but the help of unauthorized persons is required.
• The ability to learn and master new skills is limited, often such people are educated at home or in special institutions, where a special educational environment is created for them, certain programs are used and aids are used.
• Partly participation in the labor force is possible, mainly under the condition of a specially created environment with a certain amount of automation or the constant support of other people.

Disability group 2 is assigned for a year, after which, to confirm the category, you will need to undergo re-examination.

3 group of disabilities

Disability group 3 includes persons with health disorders that impose minor restrictions on a person's life and ability to work. In addition, it is assumed that such people require social assistance and support in the implementation of a number of activities of a domestic or labor nature.

The features of the disabled of the third group are:

• The ability to serve oneself. Such people do not always need the help of another person, but various aids are often relevant.
• The ability to move around yourself. However, unlike a healthy person, the same section of the path will take a disabled person of the third group more time and energy; it may be necessary to make several stops to break one long interval into several short ones and to regain strength during the pause.
• The possibility of training, provided that a special regime is created for the disabled of the third group or special means are used.
• The ability to perform labor activities. As a rule, this is a job that does not require high qualifications and significant workload; often those who have received the third group of disabilities have to part with their own profession and change their field of activity to something simpler.

Persons with disabilities of the third group are able to navigate in space and time with the condition that they require the use of aids (for example, for visually impaired, these can be special glasses). Their communication with other people is also possible, however, the amount of information that they can receive, assimilate and transmit is lower than that of a healthy person; the information transfer rate can also be lower.

Re-examination of disabled persons of the third group is carried out no more than once a year.

Depending on how impaired the working capacity is, there are working groups of disability and those in which it is impossible to work. Only disabled people of the first group cannot work, regardless of the specifics of the position, while the second group is considered depending on the degree of disability. If a disabled person of the second group is awarded the first degree, then it is understood that this person is able to work under the following conditions:

• the required qualifications will be lower than for workers without a category of disability
• performing actions and duties will not require significant effort.

The second degree of disability for group 2 implies that a disabled person can be officially employed in a position in which there is the possibility of creating special conditions, as well as equipping the workplace with certain technical means.

Group 3 of disability also has several degrees, however, in general, it is defined as a working group of disability, taking into account the partial loss of the ability of a person with this group to perform professional duties. For such persons, in agreement with the employer, part-time work may be established; also, a reduction in working hours is possible based on the results of a medical report.

In modern legislation, there are clear guidelines on what procedure must be followed when registering a disability. This implies a certain order of actions, as well as the collection of documents necessary for obtaining a disability.

Primary disability

If a person has certain prerequisites for getting a disability, then he is already being observed by some of the specialist doctors. The attending physician, provided that there is no effect from long-term adequate treatment, concludes that there is a persistent pathology that imposes a restriction on a person's vital activity, in accordance with which he draws up a referral for a medical and social examination. However, if a person is denied a referral in a hospital, he / she receives a certificate with which he can apply for disability registration on his own. If, due to the severity of the violations, a person cannot apply for the registration of disability himself, all procedures are entrusted to his legal representative.

In the bureau of medical and social expertise, in addition to a referral (or certificate), it will be necessary to provide an identity document and a statement of the appropriate form, as well as other documents that have a positive impact on the decision of the commission.

Documents are usually submitted at the place of residence, however, the option of submitting them is also possible at the place of temporary registration. The period during which a person must be invited for a medical and social examination is no more than a month from the date the documents were submitted.

Medical and social examination can be carried out on the territory of the office. If the person applying for disability is unable to arrive at the specified location, the check can be carried out at home, as well as in absentia. If medical data confirm the presence of some kind of disease, which led to a persistent disorder of body functions and certain disabilities, as well as the need for social protection, the commission makes a decision on the establishment of a specific group of disability. The decision of the commission is certified by a certificate. If the disability has not been confirmed, the person can receive a certificate with the results of the examination; if the applicant for disability (or his legal representative) does not agree with the results, he can appeal the decision.

Since not only adults, but also children can face violations that lead to permanent limitation of life activity (moreover, some of them practically from birth), the legislation provides for the possibility of obtaining the category of a disabled child. The procedure for registering a disability in this case is similar to that which adults go through when they receive a disability. Initially, the child undergoes certain doctors, the conclusion of which is necessary to confirm the disease. Naturally, in this case, parents or guardians of the child apply for a referral for a medical and social examination.

After all the necessary specialists, analyzes and examinations have been passed, the pediatrician observing the child draws up a conclusion and an epicrisis, which are certified by the head of the polyclinic. In parallel with this, a certificate is issued for an individual rehabilitation program. Only at this stage can you sign up for a medical and social examination.

The following documents must be submitted to ITU:

• a statement from the parents or legal representatives / guardians of the child
• outpatient card
• birth certificate or passport upon reaching the appropriate age
• uniform from the children's clinic
• school characteristic, which is required only if the disease and the corresponding restrictions manifested themselves during the period of the child's schooling

The procedure for passing the commission is the same as for adults with disabilities. When the validity of the certificate of disability expires, the child is required to undergo a re-examination.

What group of disability is given for industrial injuries

An occupational injury, just like a congenital or acquired illness, can lead to disability. Labor injuries, as well as occupational diseases acquired due to the specifics of production, impose certain restrictions on the performance of work duties, therefore, in order to confirm the fact of disability and clarify which group of disability corresponds to the violation, the victim has the right to contact the bureau for a medical and social examination ...

If changes in the body, anatomical defects and other disorders are irreversible, rehabilitation measures are not effective, and the prognosis is disappointing, such a person is assigned a certain percentage of limitation of professional ability to work. This percentage has no statute of limitations, that is, it is set indefinitely.

100-85% of disability is accrued to persons with disabilities who were assigned the first group, based on the need for continuous care or assistance.

80-65% of the loss of working capacity is received by those who have been established with the second group of disability. Such people only partially need help and care, since they have retained the ability not only to perform certain actions to serve themselves, but also a certain ability to work - but only in specially created conditions.

60-30% of disability is assigned to disabled persons of the third group. Such people may well continue to work in production, but do less work or move on to duties that require lower qualifications.

If disability has not been established, however, due to occupational illness or occupational injury, a person is able to perform work a little slower than before (or slightly simpler operations are available to him than he performed before), 25% of the loss of occupational disability is established. This figure rises to 40%, if for one person the work in production entailed not one, but several occupational diseases or injuries.

Most people with disabilities are required to undergo a regular reevaluation process so that the disability group (or non-disability) is established based on the person's current health status and their respective service and care needs. Disabled persons of the first category undergo re-examination every two years, the second - and the third - annually. The re-examination procedure is identical to the initial disability determination procedure.

There are categories of persons who are exempted from re-examination at the legislative level. First of all, these are men over the age of 60; for women, the age threshold is 55 years and older. Secondly, people whose disability is established due to anatomical defects recognized as irreversible are not subject to re-examination. However, if there is a fact of forgery of documents (submission of deliberately false information about health and the need for care and rehabilitation measures), then even for the above categories, a re-examination procedure may be prescribed.

Removing disability

If a person with one or another group of disabilities feels a steady improvement in health during rehabilitation activities, and his ability to work returns, he has the right to apply for the removal of disability. The easiest option is not to apply for a new re-examination at the moment when it is due; in this case, the person does not receive an extension of the disability group. But this method of action is only suitable if the disability group has a certain period of validity.

When the term for re-examination has not yet come, but a person wants to apply for the removal of a disability group, he can submit an application to the appropriate bodies of medical and social examination. This must be done no later than a couple of months before the re-examination deadline; if the disability is established compulsorily, the person has the right to apply at any time. After consideration of this application, a medical and social examination is carried out, and if its results demonstrate the return of working capacity and the absence of the need for care, the disability can be officially withdrawn.

Since disability implies limited ability to work, this means that such a person cannot fully work and provide for their needs. Therefore, the state provides for a system of social assistance, which can be implemented in different ways, including benefits and disability benefits.

Disability benefits

Depending on which disability group is assigned to a person, he or she is eligible for certain benefits. Some services are provided free of charge, while others are partially paid.

Benefits for disabled people of the first group provide primarily social benefits:

• obtaining the necessary medicines and other products that are required to organize the rehabilitation process.
• vouchers to sanatoriums and resorts for the treatment of current health disorders and prevention of complications.
• free travel (when using suburban transport, intercity transport). The person who accompanies the disabled person also has the right to free travel and a voucher, since the first group most often determines the inability of the disabled person to move without support.

In addition, disabled people of the first group have tax benefits. So, they are exempt from paying property tax, but they still have to pay the land tax, albeit at a reduced cost.

Those disabled of the first group who live in Moscow can receive a so-called social card, specially created in order to facilitate the implementation of benefits for disabled people. This card is necessary in order not to pay for travel on public transport, as well as to receive discounts in various institutions.

Disabled people of the first group have the right to enroll in educational institutions out of competition; they also receive a scholarship to study.

Disabled people of the 2nd group can count on free travel in any city public transport, as well as to purchase tickets for other transport at a discount. They also have benefits for medicines and other medical supplies, some of which are free. Disability benefits for medicines may be issued.

A person with a disability of the second group can apply for a free voucher to a sanatorium, a rest house, a resort, for which it will be necessary to submit documents to the social security authorities. As well as for the disabled of group 1, for the second group it is envisaged to enter educational institutions out of competition, but this does not exempt them from the need to successfully pass exams for the chosen specialty.

For disabled people of the third group, benefits are provided for receiving medicines, as well as for using household and medical services, free treatment in sanatoriums for an appropriate voucher. They are eligible for travel benefits.

Since many disabled people with the third group work, they have certain benefits in the field of labor legislation. Thus, the employer does not have the right to assign a probationary period to an applicant with a third disability group; at the request of a disabled person, he can be assigned a reduced schedule or part-time work. If the position provides for overtime work, including the need for night shifts, such a schedule should be established solely with the consent of the disabled person. They also have the right to take leave at any time without relying on the vacation schedule for other employees in their calculations. If the state of health deteriorates sharply, the employer is obliged to terminate the employment contract with the disabled person, not to interfere with this and not to assign him a working period. A workplace for a disabled person should be designed and equipped taking into account the recommendations for his rehabilitation.

Disability pension by group

One of the measures to support disabled people is to assign them pension payments. The disability pension can be social, labor, or government-assigned.

The social pension is accrued to all categories of disabled people, including disabled children and those who received a disability in childhood. However, only those citizens who permanently reside in Russia can receive a social pension. Moreover, even if a disabled person works and receives a certain salary, earnings will not affect this type of pension. The size of the disability pension is constantly changing by group, so it is better to check it regularly. The size of the pension for disabled people of group 1 is usually 1.5-2 times higher than that of disabled people in groups 2 and 3:

• 11,903.51 rubles - for disabled children and persons who have received the status of "disabled since childhood of the 1st group."
• 9919.73 rubles - for disabled people of the 2nd group from childhood, for people with disabilities of the first group.
• RUB 4959.85 - for group 2
• RUB 4215.90 - for group 3

If a person with one or another degree of disability has at least some insurance experience, he may be credited with an insurance (labor) disability pension. In order to receive this pension, you must visit the Pension Fund division with an application and relevant documents, including a passport, SNILS, documents confirming the duration of the insurance period, as well as documents confirming disability. This type of pension is also paid monthly.

The state disability pension is issued to the following categories of persons:

• military personnel
• persons who took part in the Second World War
• space program participants
• persons who have in the list of awards the sign "Resident of the besieged Leningrad"
• those who have suffered due to exposure to radiation or due to a man-made disaster.

To be eligible for such a disability pension by group, you will need to submit an application form and relevant documents to the FIU unit.

Rehabilitation of the disabled

Rehabilitation of people with disabilities includes a set of measures aimed at restoring the ability of a person with an established disability to carry out all types of activities: self-care, opportunities for social interaction, professional implementation. Various methods are used for rehabilitation purposes.

Since many people with disabilities have certain restrictions on their movement (for example, people with disabilities who are forced to move in a wheelchair), there is a special program for them called "Accessible Environment". It solves the problem of providing access for people with limited mobility to various facilities, and also involves work in the field of improving the availability of rehabilitation facilities for everyone who needs them. The functions of the program also include improving the work of the system of medical and social examination so that both the initial receipt of disability and regular re-examination take place without unnecessary difficulties.

The Accessible Environment program is funded from the federal budget, however, there are some nuances at the regional level. The program includes the organization of various ramps for the disabled, as well as other devices that make it possible to easily access various objects (for example, shops or pharmacies, because it is simply impossible to overcome even a few steps of the stairs in a wheelchair).

However, in practice, unfortunately, not all cities have implemented this program.

Rehabilitation measures

The main rehabilitation measures include:

• Recovery activities.

Depending on what disease or injury caused the disability, someone is recommended spa treatment, someone needs an operation, and someone needs prosthetics.

• Various wellness activities.

Sports and physical therapy can be useful in many cases - for example, for rehabilitation after an injury.

• Adaptation of disabled people.

Many of them need help in order to get used to the most common environment for healthy people, including realizing themselves professionally.

For the rehabilitation of people with disabilities, it is imperative that both they and the people caring for them are sufficiently informed about how best to cope with the consequences of injury or illness.

Since disability can be obtained as a result of a wide variety of injuries and diseases, an individual program is developed for the rehabilitation of each disabled person. It includes a list of various rehabilitation measures, including medical, psychological, professional. The rehabilitation program is developed on the basis of the ITU conclusion, however, in any case, it cannot be less than the list of rehabilitation measures established at the federal level. However, a disabled person may refuse such a program as a whole, as well as from its individual points.

Disability often leads not only to the loss of working capacity and the ability to serve oneself, but also becomes the cause of a certain psychological state. A person begins to feel helpless, incapable, unnecessary, sometimes considers himself a burden for relatives. By the way, relatives caring for a disabled person often have a difficult time - after all, they are responsible for the comfortable existence of their loved one. Such a tense situation may well contribute to the formation of a depressive state, as a result of which a person ceases to follow rehabilitation measures. Therefore, the help of a psychologist in such situations is relevant.

Psychological consultations today can also be carried out remotely (for example, via the Internet), and this is more than convenient for people with disabilities with limited mobility. The form of psychological work can be any: consultations, trainings, group therapy. However, regardless of the form, the main content of a psychologist's work with people with disabilities is the formation of a positive attitude towards oneself, motivation for self-development and the realization of one's own capabilities, including on positive examples.

Disabled adaptation

The adaptation of people with disabilities is a prerequisite for them to feel like full-fledged members of society and successfully realize their own safe possibilities. This is one of the most important issues that is constantly being worked on in the modern community.

A disabled child often feels pain and discomfort from the very first days of his birth, while it is often the child's disability that causes the parents to refuse him. However, purposeful work on the adaptation of children with disabilities helps many of them not only use their opportunities productively, but also achieve impressive success on a par with healthy children and even more.

How to accommodate a disabled child

In order for the process of adaptation of a disabled child to be successful, it is first of all important for his family members to have the necessary information on interaction with such a child. To this end, it is worth raising your own awareness by contacting the appropriate specialists.

The adaptation of a disabled child can relate to issues of his interaction with peers, education, health status, opportunities for movement - and in none of these cases, parents should not focus on increasing the distance between their child and ordinary children. If you constantly repeat to a child that he is "inferior", thereby cutting him off from the outside world, this can not only negatively affect adaptation, but also lead to certain psychological problems.

A positive attitude, creating a comfortable environment for the child, providing him with new impressions is the key to success in adapting a disabled child and forming a positive self-awareness in him.

Help for parents

Anger caused by the inability to resolve the problem, a feeling of fear for the child's future, guilt, disappointment and - these are normal reactions to the situation in a family with a disabled child, and in order to develop a certain strategy, it is necessary first of all to reconsider the approach to this problem. However, there are not only psychological difficulties, but also objective problems: this is the need to allocate a lot of resources (time, finances) to ensure the living conditions of such a child, a significant burden that is not inherent in caring for healthy children. Therefore, assistance to parents with disabled children should include both work on the family climate and relationships, and some social support.

Since disability often makes it impossible for a child to study in regular educational institutions, there are alternative forms of education for children with disabilities:

• Home-based training.

It is designed for those children who cannot study elsewhere for health reasons. Such children, depending on their condition, are taught either according to the general program or according to the auxiliary program, while the development of the auxiliary program occurs individually. Home-based training is carried out on the basis of the conclusion of a medical and social examination by the workers of the nearest educational institution.

• Family education.

This form of education is practiced at the request of the parents, while the child can receive all the necessary knowledge from the parents or from the teachers they invited, while attending school only in order to receive certification. At the same time, family education is used not only for children with disabilities, but also for other reasons of parents - for example, for children who are ahead of their peers in mental development or in cases where the concept of schooling does not correspond to school ideology.

• Distance learning.

It implies the acquisition of knowledge through the use of modern communication systems. Learning on the Internet makes it possible to acquire the necessary knowledge without leaving your home and without inviting teachers to your home. However, in our country, the distance form of education for children with disabilities is still being introduced and has not received much distribution.

The adaptation of disabled adults is no less important than the adaptation of children, but it has its own nuances. An adult who has received significant disabilities in life, often cannot come to terms with his condition and stops taking actions in the direction of rehabilitation. That is why the support of close people is very important for an adult to his own state.

The state also takes some part in the adaptation of people with disabilities, providing them not only with the possibility of restoring or compensating for the impaired abilities, but also improving their mobility, access to the necessary objects of the domestic and cultural sphere, as well as creating special opportunities for employment. Adults with disabilities also receive additional opportunities in the form of benefits and payments, which makes their life a little easier.

Adult education

Education for disabled adults most often means vocational education, which in our country is represented by higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. Disabled people can enter these educational institutions out of competition, but they will still need to pass the entrance exams.

Since not all people with disabilities can study in ordinary institutions, special educational institutions are created for some categories, in which the learning process is based on the characteristics of the perception of information and the ability to assimilate it. In addition, distance learning forms are relevant for disabled adults, as well as for children.

How to find a job for a disabled person

More than 80% of people working with disability groups express a desire to work, and this is not surprising - they want not only to receive additional income, but also to feel like full-fledged members of society. However, finding a job for a disabled person is often fraught with difficulties.

The first step that needs to be taken by a disabled person who wants to find a job is to contact the Employment Center, because the responsibilities of this organization include providing work to people with disabilities. Since the rehabilitation program for people with disabilities, implemented for those who have received a disability in Russia, provides for the creation of jobs for people with disabilities at enterprises that receive benefits from the state for this, the Employment Center will have data on such vacancies.

Sometimes, in connection with obtaining a disability and certain restrictions, disabled people need to change their qualifications. To do this, you can both enter the appropriate classes and engage in self-education.

Working on the Internet is another great opportunity for people with disabilities, especially those who have limited mobility, but their intelligence is completely intact. Remote work sometimes becomes an excellent source of income and a way of self-realization.

Disability is not always a sentence, and even if full rehabilitation and recovery is impossible, many people with disabilities live full-fledged active lives. Supporting loved ones and using the opportunities provided by state programs provide a significant improvement in the quality of life, even with serious health problems.

297 000 09.04.2018

The Russian government has made changes to the rules of medical and social examination (MSE) to determine cases when disability is established indefinitely during the initial application, and when disability can be established during an absentee examination. The list of diseases, conditions and disorders compiled for this is published on the website of the Cabinet of Ministers.

The published annex to the rules for recognition as a disabled person contains lists of diseases, defects, irreversible morphological changes,
dysfunctions of organs and systems of the body, in which indefinite disability is established 1) during the initial examination; 2) no later than two years after it; 3) in case of an absentee examination, as well as - indications and conditions for establishing the category of "disabled child" for a period of 5 years and until reaching the age of 14 years.

"The innovations in the rules also concern the possibility of making changes to the individual rehabilitation or habilitation program for a disabled person without revising the disability group or the period for which it is established," the government said.

"Firstly, the list of diseases and changes that occur in the body has been expanded, where already during the initial examination it will be possible to establish disability indefinitely and even in absentia," the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation said at a meeting with the Deputy Prime Ministers Dmitry Medvedev.

- And secondly, if it is necessary to examine people in serious condition, their residence in remote and inaccessible places will be taken into account. It also makes it possible to conduct the survey in absentia. There are some other changes as well. "

“The decree provides for the possibility of establishing disability indefinitely for a whole list of diseases,” explained Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets. - For the first time, this list includes all chromosomal abnormalities, including Down's syndrome, liver cirrhosis, blindness, deafness, and cerebral palsy.

The procedure for establishing disability for such types of diseases as scoliosis, malformations of the maxillofacial region, autism and a number of diseases, which, unfortunately, children are increasingly suffering from, has been simplified: diabetes mellitus and a number of other diseases. "

“This decree applies to almost all disabled people, it is 12 million people, of which 651 thousand are children,” the Deputy Prime Minister recalled.

“On the basis of the updated list, ITU specialists will be able to establish disability without specifying the period of re-examination, in absentia or the category of“ disabled child ”until the citizen reaches the age of 18, even during the initial examination. Thus, the possibility of determining the period for establishing disability at the discretion of an ITU specialist will be excluded, ”the Cabinet experts said.

“The list of objectives of the ITU holding has been determined, which can be indicated in the application for its holding. The introduction of this provision will provide a citizen with the right to apply to the ITU bureau independently, when, for various reasons, he does not have a referral to the ITU, as well as to resolve a specific issue without mandatory re-certification, including for making changes to the individual rehabilitation or habilitation program for a disabled person. " , - noted the developers of the new rules.

If necessary, the Ministry of Labor is ready to finalize and clarify the list of diseases, reported ONF expert on the affairs of persons with disabilities, participant in the preparation of the draft amendments Alexander Lysenko.

Friends! We kindly ask Gleb Belokopytova, the boy has a severe form of cerebral palsy, he needs a verticalizer.

Registration of disability is a rather lengthy and difficult process, since you will not only have to collect all the necessary documents, but also be able to defend your legal rights. Most likely, you will have to face the reluctance of medical workers to help in this difficult matter, but it should be clearly understood that this is their direct responsibility. If the state of health requires it, then it is simply necessary to overcome all obstacles.

But before registering a disability, you will need to undergo a serious medical examination in order to confirm the diagnosis and prove that the disease really interferes with living and working fully.

Registration of disability will not only provide an opportunity for preferential medical care, but also additional money in the form of a pension, which can be spent on the main goal - recovery!

Who can apply for a disability

The conditions and criteria by which a person can be recognized as a disabled person are detailed in article 95 of the RF Government Decree of February 20, 2006. This means that the patient's desire alone is not enough - the established and confirmed diagnosis must be included in the list approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which gives the right to receive the first, second or third disability group.

The main criterion is persistent pathology that prevents a person from living a full life. The vital criteria that doctors will take into account when determining the disability group are also clearly spelled out in the law. In addition, specialists will assess not only the patient's health, but also his ability to continue working in the profession. This applies to patients who are engaged in heavy or hazardous activities associated with night shifts, hazards, increased noise levels, vibration, heavy physical labor, and so on.

Where to begin

The very first thing to start with is to pay a visit to your doctor. The doctor must listen to all complaints and record them in the outpatient card, and then issue referrals to all necessary specialists for further examination. The doctor issues a form with which the patient will have to bypass several specialized specialists, as well as pass the necessary tests. It should be remembered, however, that most analyzes are valid for two weeks. Sometimes a patient needs to undergo an additional examination in a hospital setting.

The attending physician draws up all the documents for further transfer to a special commission - medical and social examination, abbreviated to ITU. And one more important information: if the doctor refuses to refer you to the ITU, he is obliged to issue his refusal in writing, and then the patient can apply to the ITU on his own. If the doctor refuses to issue a written refusal, the patient has the right to apply to the judicial authorities.

The message sheet for the ITU, which is of informational and recommendatory nature, must indicate the patient's health condition, test results, and the necessary means of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation aids may include a wheelchair, walker, diapers, special orthopedic shoes, hearing aids, required annual spa treatment, and so on.

The referral form to the ITU is certified by the seal of the hospital and the signatures of three doctors.

The day of the passage of the ITU is appointed. Patients should be aware that the procedure for registering a disability is not a quick process at all and can take several months, so be patient.

Applying to a medical and sanitary examination

The patient can pay a personal visit to the bureau of social examination, but if his state of health does not allow this, the commission can come to the patient's house. As practice shows, the queues in the commission are quite long, since many patients undergo re-examination, therefore, as mentioned above, patience and patience again.

In order for the patient to be assigned the date of the examination, for which he must appear without delay, the commission will need the following documents:

1. Referral for medical and sanitary examination. The referral can be issued not only by the attending doctor in the polyclinic, but also by the person attached to the pension authorities, or responsible persons from the social protection authorities. In addition, the procedure for registering a disability allows a patient to apply to the regional office of the ITU on their own - provided that the patient has a written refusal from the attending physician.
2. Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and its photocopy.
3. Working citizens provide a photocopy of the work book certified by the personnel department, and non-working citizens provide the original.
4. Working citizens provide production characteristics that contain information about working conditions. These characteristics are issued to the patient at the place of work by the medical worker of the enterprise, who conducts a questionnaire survey of the employee on a number of issues related to the regulation of labor activity. All answers are entered in a special form, after which the form is certified by the personnel department and management. Based on the production characteristics, the members of the commission will make a decision on the possibility of continuing the patient's main work activity.
5. Income statement (not always).
6. Sick leave (if any).
7. All available medical documents and certificates - a parcel sheet, an outpatient card, analyzes, examination results, and so on.
8. SNILS - photocopy and original.

If it is impossible to engage in the main professional activity, the following additional documents will need to be attached to the main list:

• documents on the existing occupational disease;
• certificate of industrial injury in the form of H-1;
• characteristics of the workplace.

In addition, the patient has the right to submit any other documents not specified in the list, but which, in his opinion, may affect the decision of the commission.

In the event that the above documents are not presented in full or improperly executed, the commission has the right to refuse to conduct an examination. The examination itself is completely free for the patient.

Expertise procedure

After all the documents are collected and submitted to the ITU regional office, the patient is assigned a date when he must appear on the ITU commission. The usual waiting time for a queue is about a month. The commission is attended by the patient himself and members of the commission consisting of three people. In some cases, an invited specialist of the required profile may be present, who will also have the right to vote when making a decision.

Members of the commission have the right to examine the patient, ask questions about social status, marital status, living conditions, see characteristics from the place of work, request information about education and social skills.

During the meeting of the commission, a protocol is kept in which all questions and answers are recorded. The decision is made after voting by all members of the commission. In case of doubt or disagreement, the patient can be sent for an additional examination, and then, after collecting all the necessary additional information, the commission meets again to make a final decision.

After assigning a disability group, a corresponding certificate and an individual rehabilitation program are issued. After that, the patient is sent to the department of the pension fund, where a disability pension is issued, and to the department of social protection, where the patient will be put in a queue for free receipt of individual rehabilitation funds.

If the commission refused to obtain disability

If the patient is not satisfied with the conclusions of the commission, he has the right to appeal the decision in legal order. An application for appeal can be submitted no later than one month from the date of the examination. The application is submitted either in the usual paper form, or in electronic form, and is sent to the address of the office that carried out the examination, or to the higher ITU office that oversees the regional office.

The appeal must contain the following information:

• the name of the bureau to which the application is being written;
• passport information of the recipient of the service;
• a detailed statement of the essence of the claim, indicating the composition of the commission and the name of the regional ITU, where the survey was carried out;
• request for re-examination.

The regional office of ITU, within three days, sends the complaint to the main office, attaching all the necessary documents to it. The main bureau is obliged to appoint a re-examination within 30 days. In addition, the patient has the right to insist on an independent examination, whose members will have nothing to do with ITU.

If the results are unsatisfactory, the patient has the right to go to court. The judgment will be final.

Determination of the disability group

As a rule, a disability group is assigned not according to a specific diagnosis, but according to the severity of the disease and the degree of disability. Diseases entailing a violation of the vital functions of the body are divided by specialists into three distinct groups:

1. The first group of disabilities is recognized as the most severe and is assigned in the event that the patient is not able to take care of himself and he needs systematic help, care and supervision. In fact, these are bedridden and dying patients, mentally disabled persons, incapable of self-care. An example of such diseases is, for example, tuberculosis in the stage of decompensation, absence of both upper or lower extremities, complete or partial paralysis, complete blindness, as well as some severe mental illnesses.
2. The second group of disability is assigned in case of an illness of moderate severity, when the patient does not need constant help and supervision. For some patients, work is available, but with certain conditions and with well-defined working conditions. Examples of diseases in which the second group of disability is assigned are such established diagnoses as partial loss of vision or hearing, epilepsy with frequent seizures, the absence of one of the limbs, repeated strokes and heart attacks, and much more.
3. The third group of disability is assigned to persons who do not need outside help, but can no longer engage in their main professional activities. This group can be assigned if it is necessary to change the profession to another with lower qualifications and wages. As an example, we can cite a reduction in the volume of production activities, and as a result, a decrease in qualifications and wages.

For what period is the disability assigned?

Each patient is assigned a personal rehabilitation program, after which, in theory, his condition should improve. Therefore, patients need to regularly undergo re-examination for confirmation and extension of the group: disabled people of the first group are re-examined once every two years, and the second and third groups - annually.

Perpetual disability, which does not require re-examination, is established in the following cases:

• if the disabled person is an old-age pensioner;
• if over the past 15 years the disability group has not changed and has been confirmed annually, or if the assigned group has been replaced by a more severe one;
• if the patient is diagnosed with a diagnosis that does not respond to treatment in the present and future tense, and which does not give him the opportunity to live and work fully - the list of diagnoses has been established and approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
• if the first group of disability was confirmed within five years.

What does the registration of disability give

Persons recognized as disabled are entitled to the following types of social assistance:

• receiving a monthly pension, the amount of which will depend on the assigned disability group;
• receiving material support in the department of social protection;
• disabled persons of the first and second groups have the right to apply for free individual rehabilitation means;
• disabled students are given the priority right to budget places when entering higher and secondary educational institutions;
• the right to service out of turn;
• the right to receive priority free land allotment;
• disabled people and families with a disabled child are entitled to a 50% discount on utility bills;
• the right to priority access to free social housing under a social tenancy agreement.

The article describes in detail how to register a disability, but each case is individual, and in fact the patient will have to face additional bureaucracy and paperwork. However, disability and the social benefits attached to it are not at all a favor from the state, but the legal right of every citizen who has lost their health, and the realization of this right should be persistently pursued.

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Persons with chronic diseases, the consequences of trauma or congenital disorders need social protection and medical assistance. Obtaining the status of a disabled person gives the right to payments, the possibility of expensive rehabilitation and benefits.

However, not all disabled citizens are eligible for a group. It is important to know for what diseases disability is given, what reasons are indicated in the ITU (medical and social examination) certificate, and how the examination procedure depends on the diagnosis and the person's condition.

Reasons for group registration

In Russia, there is a classification of the reasons for which a citizen is issued a disability. It is based on the following principle: in what conditions, age, the person has lost the ability to work. Disability for a general disease is formalized in cases where a person has not been proven to have an occupational disease or injury at work.

In other cases, the reason for the incapacity for work will be indicated as follows:

• Disability from childhood - for persons certified by the ITU under the age of 18.
• Labor injury.
• Occupational disease.
• A military injury or illness that occurs in military service.
• Illness during a disaster at the Mayak production facility.
• Radiation sickness in military service as a result of being near an object.
• Disorder received during military service in the elimination of man-made disasters.
• A disease received by a soldier in the performance of his duties, including in units of special risk.
• Other reasons specified in the legislation of the Russian Federation.

To confirm the fact of adverse impact at work, service, at home, a citizen is obliged to submit documents to the medical and social examination (or MSE). Then the person will be entitled to a pension in a larger amount than just in case of established incapacity for work.

Speaking about the ailments that give the right to receive a group, it should be noted that the commission always takes into account the functional state of the patient: how pronounced are the violations, can the condition be improved with the help of rehabilitation, is there any development of complications, are there any concomitant disorders.

People with disabilities sometimes "compare" their conclusions and wonder why one person with the same formulation of the diagnosis was assigned a higher group and another lower. It is incorrect to talk about the disorder with which the patient will be given this or that degree of disability.

List of diagnoses for which disability is given

The list of diseases in which disability is given describes in detail all possible conditions and disorders. So, when establishing disability due to damage to the respiratory system, the issue of disability is considered in the presence of the following diagnoses: condition after lung transplantation, bronchial asthma, sarcoidosis of the lungs, tuberculosis.

The list of diseases is indicated in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 95 of February 2006, which is called: "O. It is divided into headings for damage to organ systems

Heart and vascular diseases rank first as. The patient can be referred to MSE in the presence of an aortic aneurysm, artificial valves in the heart, severe arrhythmia disorders, hypertension, acute and chronic ischemic heart disease, vascular atherosclerosis.

A severe disease of the endocrine system is also regarded as an indication for examination at the ITU. Among the most common are diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, conditions after removal of the thyroid gland, and hypothyroidism. Chronic disorders of the genitourinary sphere are the basis for the registration of a group in the presence of chronic renal failure, the absence of a kidney, chronic inflammation, pathology of the genital organs.

In case of damage to the digestive system, a citizen will qualify for a pension in the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestines, pancreas, liver and gallbladder. And also this group includes severe defects of the jaws. The patient is referred to MSU with the following neurological diseases:

• Consequences of craniocerebral trauma and contusion.
• Large nerve injuries.
• Parkinson's disease.
• Multiple sclerosis.
• Epilepsy.
• Cerebral palsy.

The presence of a mental disorder is not always an indication to form a group.

Patients with severe manifestations with the following diseases are registered on the commission:

• Asperger's and Kanner's syndromes within the framework of autism.
• Schizophrenia.
• Organic brain diseases.
• Dementia.
• Mental retardation.

Diseases of the blood system: immunodeficiencies of various nature, hereditary disorders of the hematopoiesis and coagulation system, benign or malignant tumors of the hematopoietic organs also serve as a reason for referral for examination. Rheumatologists recommend establishing a group for severe damage to joints and connective tissue in arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, osteoarthritis.

Diseases of the skin and its appendages can also restrict vital functions. Disability is prescribed for severe atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema. The identification of benign or malignant tumors leads to the formation of a group with inoperability of lesions of the nervous system, severe intoxication, if the disease progresses or urgent treatment is required according to a quota.

In case of damage to the sensory organs (eyes, hearing, speech), the patient is entitled to disability due to blindness, with narrowing of the visual fields, a high degree of myopia, hearing loss, deafness, combination of blindness with deafness, loss of the ability to speak. If a person is planning to apply for a disability group for the first time and does not know whether it is possible to get it with a particular disease, you should not look for information on health in medical reference books, as there is a risk of erroneous assessment of the information. You can find out about your prospects during a conversation with your doctor or consultation with the ITU chairman.

Disability for children for a period of 5 years

Obtaining the status of "disabled child" for a long time is possible in the presence of severe pathologies during the initial or repeated appearance at the ITU. Primarily, the group is given to children with the following diseases: type 1 diabetes mellitus when receiving therapy up to 14 years old, with phenylketonuria of moderate severity with the inability to independently control nutrition, with congenital lesions of the lip, palate, early childhood autism, autistic syndrome.

When re-appearing at the commission, the child receives the status of a disabled person for 5 years in the following cases:

• Hydrocephalus after surgery with impaired body functions.
• Malignant neoplasms, including blood systems.
• Severe scoliosis with need for rehabilitation.
• Severe adrenogenital syndrome.
• Children with severe kidney damage who are receiving steroids.

Indefinite registration of status

Disabled persons undergo re-examination by the ITU to assess the dynamics of the condition. If, against the background of treatment and rehabilitation, the disabled person managed to restore his health, they decide the issue of lowering or withdrawing the group. The frequency of reevaluation depends on the diagnosis and prognosis. So, disabled people of 2 and 3 groups pass the ITU annually, 1 group - once every 2 years. And the frequency of visits to the commission by disabled children also differs.

The procedure for registering a group regulates the duration of observation of a person in order to make a decision to establish it without further re-examination

There is a list of diseases in which a citizen is given disability for an indefinite period up to 2 years from the initial referral to the ITU. It applies to children, adults and includes the following diseases:

• Conditions and diseases in which a persistent increase in blood pressure leads to the development of complications: renal, cardiovascular failure from grade 2, mental and sensory functions, support and the ability to move.
• Congenital or acquired dementia.
• Severe diseases of the nervous system with a constantly progressive course and impaired body functions.
• Benign tumors of the nervous system without the possibility of radical removal with damage to the functions of movement, vision, hearing, speech, gross neurological, mental disorders, impaired outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.
• Consequences of severe injuries of the central nervous system with instigation of movement, support, speech, vision, lack of control of urination, defecation.
• Oncological pathology of a progressive course: the presence of metastases, the impossibility of detecting the primary tumor, the lack of effect from any treatment, the general serious condition of the patient.
• Condition after surgical removal of the larynx (absence of an organ).
• Diseases of the respiratory system, progressive course with respiratory failure from grade 2 on the background of heart failure from grade 2b.
• Severe chronic inflammatory bowel lesions with no remission against the background of adequate constant therapy, with the development of endocrine and digestive disorders.
• Severe movement disorder in large joints (ankylosis, contracture) of the arms and legs with the impossibility of correction by installing endoprostheses.
• The presence of urinary or intestinal stomas without the possibility of reconstructive surgery with closure.
• Pathologies of muscle and skeletal development without the possibility of using prostheses for effective correction.
• Diseases in which a person does not have an upper limb or a significant part of it: no hand, shoulder, forearm, shoulder joint, three or four fingers.
• Absence of part or whole of the lower limb: foot, lower leg, thigh, removal of the hip joint.

In addition, servicemen, veterans or invalids of the Great Patriotic War of groups 1 and 2, persons with disabilities for more than 15 years, disabled people who have reached retirement age in the presence of groups 1 and 2 have the right to indefinitely. You can get information about this by contacting ITU personally.

Perpetual group on initial exit

Some patients are given disability status without a term or up to 18 years at the very first contact with the ITU. The reason for this phenomenon is the presence of deliberately irreversible changes or diseases without the possibility of restoring health. Children with these ailments are assigned a pension upon initial treatment until the age of majority. Then they will be sent to an adult bureau and given the first, second or third group indefinitely.

The conditions for receiving a group are considered a severe, progressive course of the disease, a violation of the basic functions of the body, the presence of fatal defects, the development of severe complications from other organ systems, regular and ineffective supportive treatment.

This disease register contains:

• Hereditary metabolic pathologies (for example, phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis, galactosemia).
• Hereditary, embryonic malformations, chromosomal diseases with severe and persistent dysfunctions.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus of high activity with the rapid development of complications, without the effect of treatment.
• Scleroderma with diffuse tissue damage and severe course.
• Severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with damage to the blood system, immune function.
• Chronic renal failure from stage 2 without the possibility of donor organ transplantation.
• Cirrhotic damage to the liver with the development of hepatosplenomegaly and an increase in pressure in the portal vein up to grade 3.
• Congenital disorder of osteogenesis.
• Epidermolysis bullosa with severe course.
• Severe immune disorders with an indication for continuous therapy.
• Disorders in the blood coagulation system of a hereditary nature.
• Gross malformations in which only palliative treatment is indicated.
• Anomalies of the development of the spinal column and spinal cord.
• Schizophrenia with gross defect.

The list is continued by organic brain lesions with severe impairment of mental functions, speech, vision, hereditary neurodegenerative diseases with rapid progression, cerebral palsy with severe disorders, epilepsy of any nature with resistance to therapy, HIV infection from stage 4 B.

We are also talking about gross lesions of hearing and vision (blindness in both eyes, deaf-blindness, myopia up to Visus = 0.04 when wearing glasses, deafness, sensorineural hearing loss from grade 3), amputation of two lower extremities in the hip joints, ankylosing spondylitis with impairment body functions.

Registration of the group in absentia

There are conditions and disorders in which, in order to obtain a disability, it is not necessary to bring a patient to the ITU or call experts at home. They give the right for an absentee examination. This means that the members of the commission study the medical records and make their decisions without examination.

Correspondence registration is carried out for diseases in which the patient is in a known serious condition, for him complete documentation has been collected from the hospital and from related specialists. The survey is formal.

• Diseases of the respiratory system with the development of chronic insufficiency of the 3rd degree, cardiovascular - from II B degree.
• Severe damage to the heart and blood vessels, failure of II B and above, with end-stage renal, severe coronary insufficiency.
• Chronic heart failure with the development of angina pectoris of the IV clinical and functional class.
• Severe lesions of the nervous system.
• Diabetes mellitus with the development of multiple organ failure, severe complications.
• The presence of fatal colostomy, ileostomy, cystostomy.
• The presence of persistent extrapyramidal and movement disorders.
• Cerebral atherosclerosis with gross impairment of movement, speech, psyche.
• Progressive oncological pathology.
• Severe skin lesions: epidermolysis, Kindler syndrome, ichthyosis, severe manifestations of psoriasis without the effect of therapy.
• Benign tumors of the nervous system with a gross violation of the basic functions of the body.
• Oncohematological diseases with severe intoxication.

The list of diseases, the presence of which gave the right to receive disability, is specified in the Government Decree of February 2006 No. 95. The group is drawn up in case of persistent loss of one or several body functions with the impossibility of full rehabilitation.

If ITU experts positively assess the potential of a person with a disability in the long term, they give the group for a certain period. Disability without further re-examination can be obtained both in childhood and in adulthood. For patients with terminal and extremely serious conditions, the group is established in absentia.

Disability is a condition of a person with the impossibility of carrying out mental, physical or mental activity. The procedure for establishing disability in the Russian Federation is carried out by the relevant authorities, and at the same time carries a medical and legal significance. The establishment of disability gives the right to receive a number of benefits and pension payments, while a person who has received a certain degree of disability cannot work partially or completely. In modern society, the concept of "disabled person" is considered to be a more correct term "person with disabilities".

Disability status is defined in several groups:

• - on diseases of motor functions;
• - for circulatory diseases;
• - for diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems;
• - on metabolic disorders;
• - for dysfunctions of the sense organs, in particular, vision, hearing, smell and touch;
• - for mental disorders.

At the same time, there is an opinion among Russians that there is a list of diseases, in accordance with which one can obtain a certain disability status. However, not all diseases listed on this list qualify for disability. So, for example, a person with an oncological disease, after completing all courses of long-term rehabilitation therapy, can be sent for examination to obtain the status of a disabled person to a certain degree, and the commission will decide whether to extend the sick leave without establishing a disability group, or to determine the status of a disabled person. 2nd group for a period of one year, after which, after re-examination, the disability is removed or renewed. It is believed that the duration of an uninterrupted sick leave should not exceed 4 months, with interruptions - 6 months.

There is a list of persons who are entitled to receive disability on an indefinite basis, which include:

• - disabled males over 60 years old and women over 50 years old, as well as disabled people with the appointment of a second medical examination in terms of time after the onset of the specified age;
• - disabled persons of the 1st and 2nd groups, whose degree of disability has not changed or changed for the worse for 15 years;
• - invalids of the Great Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd groups, as well as citizens defending their homeland with disabilities received before the Second World War;
• - disabled military personnel who have received the status of disability due to injuries and diseases received during the period of service.

In addition, there is a list of diseases for obtaining disability on an indefinite basis, which include:

• - malignant tumors of various forms and localization;
• - benign brain tumors;
• - mental illness that does not respond to treatment;
• - diseases of the nervous system, affecting changes in motor skills and the work of sensitive organs;
• - severe forms of nervous diseases;
• - degenerative processes of the brain;
• - severe diseases of internal organs with a progressive course;
• - defects of the lower and upper limbs, in particular amputation;
• - complete lack of sight and hearing.

The conditions for establishing disability are determined by the criteria and classification regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 1013n dated December 23, 2009 "On the approval of classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expertise of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise." (see below)

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Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of December 23, 2009 N 1013n "On the approval of classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expertise of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise"

Ministry of Health

and social development

Russian Federation

Order

On the approval of the classifications and criteria used in the implementation of the medico-social examination of citizens by the Federal State Institutions of the medico-social examination

2. To recognize as invalid the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of August 22, 2005 N 535 "On the approval of classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social examination of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social examination" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation September 13, 2005 N 6998).

T.A. GOLIKOVA

Application

to the Order

Ministry of Health

and social development

Russian Federation

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CRITERIA

USED ​​IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL EXPERTISE

CITIZENS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

MEDICAL AND SOCIAL EXPERTISE

I. General Provisions

1. The classifications used in the implementation of medical and social expertise of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise, determine the main types of violations of the functions of the human body caused by diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, and the degree of their severity; the main categories of human life and the severity of the limitations of these categories.

2. The criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expertise of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise determine the conditions for establishing disability groups (category "disabled child").

II. Classification of the main types of dysfunctions

organism and the degree of their severity

3. The main types of dysfunctions of the human body include:

disorders of mental functions (perception, attention, memory, thinking, intellect, emotions, will, consciousness, behavior, psychomotor functions);

violations of language and speech functions (violations of oral (rhinolalia, dysarthria, stuttering, alalia, aphasia) and writing (dysgraphia, dyslexia), verbal and non-verbal speech, impaired voice formation, etc.);

violations of sensory functions (vision, hearing, smell, touch, tactile, pain, temperature and other types of sensitivity);

violations of statodynamic functions (motor functions of the head, trunk, limbs, statics, coordination of movements);

dysfunctions of blood circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, hematopoiesis, metabolism and energy, internal secretion, immunity;

disorders caused by physical deformity (deformities of the face, head, trunk, limbs, leading to external deformity, abnormal openings of the digestive, urinary, respiratory tracts, abnormal body size).

4. With a comprehensive assessment of various indicators characterizing persistent disorders of the functions of the human body, four degrees of their severity are distinguished:

• 1 degree - minor violations,
• 2 degree - moderate violations,
• 3 degree - severe violations,
• 4 degree - significantly pronounced violations.

III. Classifications of the main categories of vital activity

person and the severity of the limitations of these categories

• ability to self-service;
• the ability to move independently;
• ability to orientate;
• ability to communicate;
• the ability to control your behavior;
• ability to learn;
• ability to work.

6. With a comprehensive assessment of various indicators characterizing the limitations of the main categories of human life, 3 degrees of their severity are distinguished:

a) the ability to self-service - the ability of a person to independently fulfill basic physiological needs, to carry out daily household activities, including personal hygiene skills:

• 1 degree - the ability to self-service with a longer investment of time, fragmentation of its implementation, reduction in volume with the use, if necessary, of auxiliary technical means;
• 2 degree - the ability to self-service with regular partial help from other persons using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means;
• 3 degree - inability to self-service, need for constant outside help and complete dependence on others;

b) the ability to move independently - the ability to independently move in space, maintain body balance when moving, at rest and when changing body position, use public transport:

• Grade 1 - the ability to move independently with a longer expenditure of time, granularity of execution and a reduction in distance using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means;
• 2 degree - the ability to move independently with regular partial help from other persons using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means;
• 3 degree - inability to move independently and need constant help from others;

c) the ability to orientate - the ability to adequately perceive the environment, assess the situation, the ability to determine the time and location:

• 1 degree - the ability to orientate only in a familiar situation independently and (or) with the help of auxiliary technical means;
• 2 degree - the ability to orientate with regular partial help from other persons using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means;
• 3 degree - inability to orientate (disorientation) and the need for constant help and (or) supervision of others;

d) the ability to communicate - the ability to establish contacts between people through the perception, processing and transmission of information:

• 1 degree - the ability to communicate with a decrease in the rate and volume of receiving and transmitting information; using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means of assistance; with isolated damage to the organ of hearing, the ability to communicate using non-verbal methods and services for sign language translation;
• 2 degree - the ability to communicate with the regular partial help of other persons using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means;
• 3 degree - inability to communicate and the need for constant help from others;

e) the ability to control one's own behavior - the ability to self-awareness and adequate behavior, taking into account social, legal and moral and ethical norms:

• 1 degree - periodically arising limitation of the ability to control one's behavior in difficult life situations and (or) constant difficulty in performing role functions affecting certain areas of life, with the possibility of partial self-correction;
• 2 degree - a constant decrease in criticism of one's own behavior and the environment with the possibility of partial correction only with the regular help of others;
• 3 degree - inability to control one's behavior, impossibility of its correction, need for constant help (supervision) of other persons;

f) the ability to learn - the ability to perceive, memorize, assimilate and reproduce knowledge (general education, professional, etc.), mastering skills and abilities (professional, social, cultural, everyday):

• 1 degree - the ability to learn, as well as to obtain an education of a certain level within the framework of state educational standards in general educational institutions using special teaching methods, a special training regime, with the use of auxiliary technical means and technologies, if necessary;
• 2nd degree - the ability to learn only in special (correctional) educational institutions for students, pupils, children with disabilities or at home according to special programs using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means and technologies;
• Grade 3 - learning disability;

g) ability to work - the ability to carry out work in accordance with the requirements for the content, volume, quality and conditions of work:

• 1 degree - the ability to perform labor activities in normal working conditions with a decrease in qualifications, severity, tension and (or) a decrease in the volume of work, inability to continue working in the main profession while maintaining the ability to perform labor activities of lower qualifications in normal working conditions;
• 2 degree - the ability to perform labor activities in specially created working conditions using auxiliary technical means and (or) with the help of other persons;
• 3 degree - inability to any work activity or impossibility (contraindication) of any work activity.

7. The degree of limitation of the main categories of human life is determined based on the assessment of their deviation from the norm, corresponding to a certain period (age) of human biological development.

IV. Criteria for establishing disability groups

8. The criterion for determining the first group of disability is a health disorder of a person with a persistent, significantly pronounced disorder of the body's functions, caused by diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to the restriction of one of the following categories of life activity or their combination and necessitating his social protection:

• self-service ability of the third degree;
• mobility of the third degree;
• orientation ability of the third degree;
• ability to communicate third degree;
• ability to control their behavior in the third degree;
• learning ability third degree;
• ability to work in the third degree.

9. The criterion for establishing the second group of disability is a violation of the health of a person with a persistent, pronounced disorder of the body's functions, caused by diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a restriction of one of the following categories of life activity or their combination and necessitating his social protection:

• self-service ability of the second degree;
• mobility of the second degree;
• second-degree orientation ability;
• communication skills of the second degree;
• the ability to control their behavior of the second degree;
• learning ability second degree;
• ability to work in the second degree.

10. The criterion for determining the third group of disability is a health disorder of a person with a persistent moderately pronounced disorder of body functions caused by diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of the ability to work in the first degree or limitation of the following categories of vital activity in their various combinations and necessitating it social protection:

• self-service ability of the first degree;
• first degree mobility;
• first degree orientation skills;
• communication skills of the first degree;
• ability to control one's own behavior in the first degree;
• first degree learning ability.

11. The category of "disabled child" is defined in the presence of disabilities of any category and any of the three degrees of severity (which are assessed in accordance with the age norm) that necessitate social protection.