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    8. Cable duct project

    The cable duct project, in contrast to the main and distribution network, is carried out according to the II stage. This is due to the fact that it is not economically feasible to open the street covers and report the required number of pipes during the development of the network by the second stage.

    1) Let's mark on the diagram the boundaries of the district and quarters. Let's designate the place of installation of the RATS-3. Let's designate the places where the SL from the RATS-1, RATS-2, AMTS and AL from the UA is supplied. Let's designate the place of installation of the PBX. Let's designate the places of installation of all RSH (without indicating boxes in them).

    2) We will design the routes of the main and inter-station cable ducts (i.e., from all RShs, places where the trunk lines are supplied from other RATS and AL from UA to the projected RATS-3). Let's put them on the diagram in the form of a corresponding symbol.

    With the capacity of RATS-3 less than 10 thousand numbers, the supply of the KK route to the station is carried out from one side. With the capacity of RATS-3 of 10 thousand numbers or more (as in our case), the routes are brought to the station from both sides at an angle of 90 O and are interconnected by backup channels.

    3) Indicate on the diagram the installation location of branching, corner, cabinet and walk-through wells of cable ducts.

    4) We will designate the sections of the cable duct, indicate on the diagram the section number, the number of channels and the length of the section. For designation, an arrow is used, which is placed at the far (in relation to the RATS-3) end of the section, and is directed to its beginning. The lot number is placed above the arrow. The length of the section is opposite the arrow or below the line indicating the cable route. The number of channels is under the arrow.

    The number of channels in each section is determined as a result of subsequent calculations.

    We choose an arbitrary sequence of numbering of the sections.

    The lengths of the sections are determined directly according to the scheme, taking into account the scale.

    5) Determine in a tabular form for each section the required number of channels, the number of pipes (in channel-kilometers), the number and type of KK wells.

    The number of trunk channels is determined by a rounded up to a larger integer ratio

    where N II MP is the number of pairs in the trunk cable passing through this section;

    N MP / channel - the number of trunk pairs per channel, depending on the capacity of RATS-3 for stage II and determined from the table.

    Table 8.1- Dependence of the number of trunk pairs per channel on the capacity of RATS-3

    Capacity RATS-3 £ 3k £ 5k £ 7k £ 8k > 8 thous.
    Trunk pairs per channel 300 350 400 450 500

    The inconvenience of calculating the number of main channels of the KK lies in the fact that the design of the main network was carried out according to the first stage, and the cable duct is designed according to the second stage. Therefore, you cannot directly use the backbone network diagram. It should be taken into account what capacity the trunk cables will have for stage II (N II MP / RSh).

    The number of wells for various purposes in this area is determined directly according to the cable duct scheme.

    The type of well in this section is determined based on the maximum possible number of channels introduced into the well of this type.

    Table 8.2 -Maximum number of channels introduced into the wells

    Well type

    Maximum

    number of channels

    		 Well type Maximum number of channels
    KKS-1 1 KKS-5 24
    KKS-2 2 KKSS-1 36
    KKS-3 6 KKSS-2 48
    KKS-4 12

    6) On the cable duct diagram, we indicate the types of wells defined for each section.

    7) Determine the required number of channels, pipes, the number and type of KK wells for the cable duct scheme. Capacity of RATS-3 = 14 thousand numbers.

    For a given capacity RATS-3, taking into account the data in Table 12.1, N mp / kan = 500.

    For sections with a trunk cable capacity of 500´2 (5th, 30th, 12th, etc.), the number of trunk channels according to the formula (8.1): N channel = 500: 500 = 1.

    For sections with a trunk cable capacity of 1000´2 (6th, 10th, etc.), the number of trunk channels according to the formula (8.1): N channel = 1000: 500 = 2.

    For the sections on which the subscriber cable runs from the UA of the TZG type (26th, 25th, etc.), we provide one trunk channel, regardless of the presence of other subscriber cables.

    For sections on which inter-office cables of the OKL type pass (9th, 10th, 11th, etc.), regardless of their number, we take the number of channels for connecting lines equal to 2.

    For the sections on which the inter-office cable runs from the PBX of the TPPep-10´2 type (25th, 20th, etc.), regardless of the presence of other inter-office cables, we use one channel for connecting lines.

    The number of distribution, spare and special-purpose channels is taken equal to 1 for all sections.

    Table 8.3

    Plot No. Section length, m Cable brand Projected number of channels Number of pipes, Number of wells type
    Mage Ras. SL Zap. C / N Total kan × km KKS-3 KKS-4 KKS-5
    1 380 OKL - 1 1 1 1 4 1,52 3 - -
    2 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    3 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    4 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    5 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    6 320 TPPep-1000´2 2 1 - 1 1 5 1,6 3 - -
    7 90 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 22 1- -- 1- 1- 7 0,63 - 1 -
    8 670 TPPep-1000´2TPPep-1000´2OKL 1 1 8 5,36 - 6 -
    9 280 OKL - 1 1 1 1 4 1,12 3 - -
    10 330 6 1,98 3 - -
    11 170 8 1,36 - 2 -
    12 70 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    13 70 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    14 70 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    15 70 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    16 70 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    17 500

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-500´2

    		 9 4,5 - 4 -
    18 80

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-1000´2

    		 10 0,8 - 1 -
    19 70 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    20 400

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-1000´2

    TPPep-10´2

    		 13 5,2 - - 3
    21 70 CCI-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    22 100 7 0,7 - 1 -
    23 500 6 3,0 4 - -
    24 70 CCI-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,28 1 - -
    25 290

    TPPep-10´2

    		 5 1,45 3 - -
    26 200 TZG 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,8 1 - -
    27 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    28 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    29 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    30 80 TPPep-500´2 1 1 - 1 1 4 0,32 1 - -
    31 780 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 7 4,68 - 6 -
    32 300 TPPep-1000´2 2 1 - 1 1 5 1,5 2 - -
    33 340

    TPPep-1000´2

    		 6 2,04 3 - -
    34 300

    typically accounts for 10 to 25 percent of the design of all outdoor communications networks. The design and engineering company V-GRAND is engaged in the design of external communication systems, which are necessary at any facility under construction. Our specialists can quickly and efficiently develop and create a project. Outdoor networks in accordance with all government codes and standards.

    Development of a project for external communication networks

    All external networks are divided into two types: on-site and external engineering.

    When creating a project for two types of outdoor networks, two different contractors are usually involved. The V-GRAND company will undertake the work on the study of the object, development and creation of project documentation.

    Communication systems are communications, due to which it is possible to gain access to electronic communication systems and other networks at various facilities. To develop a system project, specialists collect data. Which are necessary for subsequent design.

    The specialists of our company also perform such works as:, .

    V-GRAND designers are technical task, and then the decision about the device of external networks. The documentation contains the requirements for the functioning of the network and its technical specifications, degree of security, etc.

    The data obtained helps our specialists to develop all the necessary requirements. Network equipment and purchased materials that will be used for the communication device.

    Also, the documentation should contain information about the expected development of the external system being created. It contains information about the location of all communication networks, as well as its individual elements at the facility under construction.

    Specialists when creating a project for laying engineering networks... They develop diagrams and drawings of the site on which the entire external engineering network will be located. Since they are long, they can pass through adjacent sections. Site owners must give permission to lay cables on their land. All information about the area must have topographic and geological information. Which will affect the future route of laying external communications.

    Note: .

    This working draft was completed on the basis of:

    Specifications of the Leningrad Regional Branch of OJSC NWTelecom No. 03-009 / 1372 dated April 14, 2008

    Initial data provided by the customer.

    The project was carried out in accordance with VSN 60-89 "Device for communication, signaling and dispatching of engineering equipment in residential and public buildings". Design standards, RD45.120-2000 "Technological design standards", GOST 21.406-88 "Wire communication facilities. Graphic designations on diagrams and plans ”, SNiP 2.08.01-89 *“ Residential buildings ”, PUE“ Electrical installation rules ”, as well as existing safety regulations.

    Installation of telephones. External networks

    This project provides for:

      Construction of a 2-hole telephone duct from the existing one. No. 255 to the projected residential building No. 1, with the installation of one observation device of the KKS-2 type, on which to install the lower covers of the reinforced type with the locking device "Crab". The construction of the telephone sewage system is carried out with asbestos-cement pipes d = 100 mm.

      Construction of a 2-hole telephone duct from the existing one. No. 216 to the projected residential building No. 2. The construction of the telephone sewage system is carried out with asbestos-cement pipes d = 100 mm.

      Construction of a 2-hole telephone duct from the existing one. No. 251 to the projected residential building No. 3. The construction of the telephone sewage system is carried out with asbestos-cement pipes d = 100 mm.

      Laying a fiber-optic cable VOK-48 from the ATS room at the address: Tikhvin, 3 microdistrict, 23 to no. x 16-fiber cables to telecommunication cabinets in each residential building (according to the scheme) - in the existing telephone duct, then - in the projected telephone duct before entering a residential building with telephones.

      Construction of a telephone duct system, cable laying, installation of couplings and electrical measurements shall be carried out in accordance with RD 45.120-2000.

    Measures for labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation.

    In production construction works for the installation of equipment and cable laying, it must be ensured that the safety rules are observed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 and POT RO 45-009-2003 (St. Petersburg, 2003).

    Design solutions ensure fire safety, subject to the measures provided for in the working drawings.

    When working in wells, it is necessary to check for the presence of gas in the well where the work will be carried out and in all wells adjacent to it. Wells must be ventilated before starting work.

    Before starting work in the cable entry room, the air must be examined for the presence of hazardous gases using a gas analyzer. Blow torches, gas torches and welding machines may be used after it has been established that there are no explosive gases in the room. Do not smoke in the cable entry room!

    Due to the absence of harmful emissions, environmental protection measures are not provided for by this project.

      The organization of the communication channel between the automatic telephone exchange and the existing facility is carried out via a newly laid fiber-optic cable. The communication channel uses the Ethernet 10/100 Base data transfer protocol. To convert analog telephony signals into an Ethernet 10/100 Base-T signal, IP gateways are used. The total length of the projected cable route is 4122 m, of which - 950 m in the existing cable duct with the FOK DPS 048T cable, and 3172 m with the FOK DPO-048 cable in a 40 mm polyethylene tube. The depth of the fiber-optic cable in the polyethylene tube is 1.2 m above ground level. In places where the cable passes under the carriageway and at the intersection of underground structures, it is made in an asbestos-cement pipe D = 100 mm. Centralized notification system This section contains a description of the equipment and principles of building a warning system for civil defense and emergency signals, designed for the multifunctional sports complex "Toksovo" and the adjacent territory. The following equipment is used to implement the tasks of alerting the population by signals of civil defense and emergency situations:
    • amplifier of sound signals for broadcasting and warning "RTS-2000 OK";
    • power amplifier 250 W "RTS-2000 UM-250";
    • horn loudspeakers installed on the territory of the sports complex;
    • equipment of the P-160 complex of the civil defense headquarters installed in the radio center of the Leningrad Regional Branch of OJSC NWTelecom;
    • data transmission network equipment.
    As the basic device of the warning system, which has the ability to receive and retransmit messages to the central warning station (CSO), the amplifier for broadcasting, warning and control signals "RTS-2000 OK" is used. The RTS-2000 OK amplifier is installed in a closed telecommunication cabinet. Alarm and radio equipment is installed in a wall-mounted telecommunication cabinet in the administrative building of the complex. In accordance with the initial data of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations Department, the warning system should provide:
    • automatic connection to the territorial automated system centralized notification of the Leningrad region (TASTSO LO);
    • transmission of the signal "Attention to all" (sirens) and TASTSO voice signals.
    In the event of an emergency at the city, district, regional or federal level, automatic switching on of equipment and relaying of centralized warning signals to street loudspeakers should be ensured. To accomplish these tasks, the RTS-2000 OK warning signal amplifier, power amplifier, horn loudspeakers, equipment of the P-160 complex of the Civil Defense Headquarters installed in the radio center of the Leningrad Regional Branch of OJSC NWTelecom and equipment of the newly organized data transmission channel are used. When the command “Start” is received from the CSO via the modem communication channel from the radio center room through the newly organized channel, the RTS-2000 OK amplifier decodes this command, indicates the receipt of the command on the front panel of the RTS-2000 amplifier and turns on the notification. At the end of the centralized notification, the RTS-2000 amplifier switches the system to its initial state. Power supply to the equipment from sources uninterruptible power supply in the 1st category. In accordance with clause 3.2 of the "Regulations on the St. Petersburg Territorial Alerting Subsystem (OSA)" to alert the population in the adjacent territory, the project provides for the installation of GR 10.03 loudspeakers (17 pcs.) With a power of 10 W on concrete poles or lighting poles on the territory of a multifunctional sports complex Toksovo. The horn loudspeakers are connected with KSPZP 1x4x1.2 cables to the wall-mounted telecommunication cabinet located in the administrative building of the sports complex, with the laying of cables in the communication cable duct provided for by project 14-20 / 11-06-P-NSS. The orientation of outdoor loudspeakers and their directional patterns are shown in the drawing (see 14-20 / 11-06-P-CO.7). To receive centralized warning signals, the loudspeakers must ensure that the signal level exceeds the noise level by 15 dB. At this noise level, the loudspeakers will receive signals at a distance of up to 130-150 meters from the point where the loudspeaker is installed. Connecting speakers to common system centralized notification of civil defense and emergency situations is carried out through an amplifier (see 14-20 / 11-06-P-CO.2) Construction of a distribution network of wire broadcasting The wire broadcasting network is planned to be implemented in 55 cottages and judges' houses of the sports complex's trampolines (see 14-20 / 11-06-P-CO.6). In all rooms, administrative and technical premises (in premises with constant presence of people), installation of radio sockets with a subscriber loudspeaker is provided. Distribution of wire broadcasting signals is carried out by the PRPPM cable 2x1.2mm from the telecommunications cabinet installed in the administrative complex, then in the cable communication duct (see 14-20 / 11-06-P-NSS), as well as across the buildings and structures of the complex, up to subscriber radio sockets. Lay the cables for the buildings and structures of the complex hidden in the cable ducts provided for in the cable ducts section of the project.
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