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Not so long ago, very few knew about drywall. When renovating the premises, they used plaster and plaster, which made it possible to decorate them with greater expressiveness. Ours and designers are surprised how, in general, experts could deal with finishing without using gypsum plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard). After all, it is this material that helps to realize the most daring projects and whimsical fantasies.

With the help of drywall, it is possible to arrange multi-level ceilings with illumination, also called labyrinthine ceilings. You can create any shape and size. With the invention of drywall, it became possible to create countless unique interior compositions.

Plasterboard structure

Plasterboard (usual type) is very popular and is produced in the form of sheets. The basis of the gypsum plasterboard is gypsum, which is located between two sheets of cardboard.

To give the gypsum plasterboard certain properties, various substances are added to the middle part that improve its strength, moisture resistance and other properties.

GKL sheet color and markings on their back side

On sale there are plasterboard sheets with the same properties and characteristics, but at the same time different colors... This must be borne in mind when buying a gypsum board. There are no strict labeling standards, which creates certain difficulties for the buyer when choosing the right material. Choosing drywall, you should not be guided only by the color of sheets of gypsum board "Knauf". The technical characteristics of the purchased product should be decisive.

Types of drywall

Drywall is available in four types - depending on its properties and application:

1. GKL- it gypsum plasterboard the most ordinary. It is used exclusively in dry rooms, where air humidity is minimal or completely absent.
2. GKVL- drywall with low water absorption for use in wet rooms. Such a drywall sheet absorbs less than 10% of water, having a special resistance to moisture penetration. Mold and fungi do not form on specially treated surfaces of the gypsum board cladding.
3. GKLO- used where fire prevention is important, fire-resistant drywall. The core of such a sheet is reinforced with special reinforcing additives.
4. GKLVO- drywall with high resistance to open flame and increased moisture resistance. In fact, it is a symbiosis of fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard with moisture-resistant gypsum plasterboard.

Technical characteristics of drywall - GKL "Knauf"

Drywall is applied to the device false ceilings, cladding and creating niches in the walls, is used to create partitions between rooms with humidity within normal limits.

Usually drywall is used as a frame for the subsequent application of various finishing materials to it - paint, tiles, wallpaper, etc. As a result, a fairly solid and flexible base is obtained.

Cardboard, which is glued on both sides of the gypsum plasterboard core, has a flat surface and high density. It serves for finishing, since it is hard and flexible, and also has the property of "breathing", that is, the material absorbs excess moisture, and when the air becomes drier, it gives it back.

Thanks to this ability, it is much easier to breathe in rooms where drywall is used. In addition, drywall has the same acidity as human skin. As a result, a microclimate favorable for humans is naturally created in the room.

Fire resistance of drywall sheets

The special treatment of the only combustible material of the gypsum board - cardboard - makes this one as a whole. Under the influence of open fire, drywall sheets only carbonize, and moisture contained in the depth of the sheet prevents the flame from moving.

GKL "Knauf" (gypsum plasterboard ordinary 1 and other types) is an environmentally friendly building material, since it does not have any negative impact on the surrounding objects, which is confirmed in quality certificates. In addition, GKL is also an excellent soundproofing material.

Using drywall

In addition to interior decoration premises, flat sheets of drywall are widely used to level the unevenness of the walls, therefore gypsum plasterboard is also called dry plaster. When working with plasterboard sheets, the processes associated with the use of water are eliminated, which makes work easier and reduces its cost, making drywall even more attractive for both professionals and newcomers in the field of construction and renovation.

The lack of debris also makes working with drywall a lot easier. Not to mention the fact that carried out with the use of this material Finishing work allow you to significantly save money and time. In our country, GKL "Knauf" is most often used, specifications which favorably distinguish it from a number of similar ones from other manufacturers.

In addition to GKL (standard gypsum plasterboard), waterproof and fire-resistant sheets are produced. Moisture-resistant gypsum plasterboards are mainly used in bathrooms and kitchens. When finishing communication shafts and air ducts, fire-resistant GKL "Knauf" is used, the technical characteristics of which easily allow this.

In the manufacture of drywall, fired gypsum is also specially used, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain tongue-and-groove plates. They are distinguished by their high strength and therefore are often used in the device interior partitions... Such plates do not require any preliminary preparation before finishing. Partitions are made in one, two and three layers. The tongue-and-groove slabs are especially relevant in areas with unstable seismic conditions. In the cavities inside such plates, cables, dust removal systems, heating or plumbing communication systems are laid.

Creation of rounded shapes

An important property of drywall is its ability to take a rounded shape, which makes it a wide range of applications. The desired shape is obtained quite simply: you need to moisten the plasterboard, wait until it is properly moistened, and then bend it as needed in a particular case. After that, the drywall is dried. It is noteworthy that after hardening, the technical characteristics of the Knauf sheets completely return to the original ones.

Types of drywall sheets

Distinguish between ceiling, wall and arched drywall. The fact that the sheets of this material are flat makes it easy to correct irregularities in the walls or ceiling. In this case, there is no need for further surface plastering.

The geometrical dimensions of the Knauf GKL are very diverse. Length - from 2000 cm to 4000 cm (in increments of 50) and width - from 600 cm to 1200 cm.The thickness can be: 0.65, 0.8, 0.95, 1.25, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.4 cm - depending on destination of the material.

The standard is 2500 by 1200 cm. The area of ​​such a sheet is equal to three square meters. They are as follows in thickness:

• GKL wall - 12.5 mm;
• GKL ceiling - 9.5 mm;
• GKL arched - 6.5 mm.

Walls are trimmed with plasterboard sheets, partitions are made of them. Ceiling is used to create ceilings, and with the help of arched they create exquisite interior arches and a variety of curved openings.

Quantity necessary material calculated in advance, given that it is desirable to use whole sheets for finishing.

In addition to creating regular, pendant and multilevel ceilings fastened to various frames, produced by the company Knauf ("Knauf") GKL sheet is used for the installation of the underlayment of floors.

Another important property of GCR is its ability to bend easily and maintain its shape. Due to this, drywall is widely used in the creation of decorative elements, turning from rectangular sheets into domes, columns or vaults. Designers have the opportunity to make their wildest fantasies come true.

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are another type of GKL "Knauf", the technical characteristics of which speak of the highest resistance to fire. It does not use cardboard, and the sheet core is lined with fluffed waste paper. Resistance to fire is also given by additional additives that impregnate the material.

Working with drywall

Plasterboard sheets are easily cut with an ordinary knife (preferably a sharp one) and are perfectly sawn, in addition to the fact that they bend perfectly. Using special tools, you can cut out parts of any size and shape, as well as make the necessary holes in them. The fact that marking and cutting holes, for example, for sockets and switches, is possible outside the installation site, can significantly reduce the time of work performed.

If we compare plasterboard finishing with plaster and putty finishing, then it is obvious that in the first case, the work is done twice as fast. At high quality labor costs are reduced by three times in the manufacture of interior partitions if Knauf drywall is used. Knauf gypsum plasterboard sheets are mounted using related materials, such as screws of various sizes, gypsum glue, sealing tapes, and more.

Plasterboard sheets of the Knauf company

Knauf is the world's largest company that manufactures a variety of finishing materials for both interior and exterior decoration, including GKL. The characteristics of the gypsum plasterboard of this brand are the best, which is confirmed by many years of experience in construction and repair.

More than 120 factories belonging to the Knauf group are located in 30 countries of the USA, Asia, Europe and South America.

Plasterboard is a practical, eco-friendly and inexpensive building material used as a reinforcing frame for creating interior partitions, multi-level suspended ceilings and other decorative interior designs. It becomes the basis for leveling and decorating the walls of premises with tiles, tiles, wallpaper and paint.

The panel is made of a core covered with thick cardboard on both sides - a gypsum mixture with reinforcing additives. 93% - gypsum mix, 7% - cardboard. One of the advantages is absolute non-toxicity, due to the absence of harmful additives in the material.

Despite its small thickness, drywall has a rather high density. This building material is easy to install, which allows you to use it yourself, attaching it to the pre-fabricated metal structures of the frames using screws and dowels.

For high-quality repairs of different types of premises, choose the appropriate types of drywall sheets.

• GKL is a plasterboard sheet of gray or beige colour with the designation of the standard applied to it in blue. It is used for cladding walls and wall partitions, finishing suspended ceilings and flexible arched structures, depending on the thickness of the drywall sheet. The cheapest and most common type of this product.

• GKLV - these are moisture-resistant sheets of green (blue for some manufacturers) with a blue paint applied to them with the designation of the standard. Differs in a special composition of cardboard and additional water-repellent and anti-fungal additives. They are used in rooms with high humidity 65 \ 75% (bathroom, balcony). Moisture absorption in them is reduced by 2 times. They are used as a basis for decorating rooms with tiles, paint or wallpaper.

• GKLO are fire-resistant sheets of gray color with a red paint applied to them with the designation of the standard. (Some manufacturers such as Rigips make sheets Pink colour). They are distinguished by reinforcing additives in the core. Withstand elevated temperatures. In case of fire, do not allow open fire to quickly spread throughout the room. Such plasterboard sheets resist the action of open fire for at least 20 minutes. They are used in fire-hazardous premises (attics, warehouses). Withstands short contact with open fire.

• GKLVO - these are moisture and fire-resistant green sheets with a red paint applied to them with the standard designation. It combines the properties of GKLV and GKLO. It is used in rooms with high temperatures and humidity. (baths, saunas).

Characteristics and parameters

According to the requirements of GOST 30 244, drywall is included in the G1 group (in terms of flammability).

According to GOST 30 402, gypsum plasterboard sheets are included in group B2 (according to flammability properties).

Based on GOST 12 00.1.044, it is included in the T1 group (according to the toxicity properties) and the D1 group (according to the smoke generating capacity).

Plasterboard parameters:

(name, thickness, length, width, weight)

• GKL (9.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 9.5 kg);
• GKL (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 12.5 kg);
• GKL (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 15 kg);
• GKL (9.5 mm * 2.0 m * 0.6 m * 18 kg);
• GKLV (9.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 8 - 10 kg);
• GKLV (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 12 kg);
• GKLV (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 15 kg);
• GKLO (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 10 - 13 kg);
• GKLO (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 13 - 16 kg);
• GKLVO (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 10 - 13 kg);
• GKLVO (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 13 - 16 kg).

Drywall groups

According to the manufacturing accuracy, the sheets are divided into two types: A and B

For type A, deviation from squareness is allowed by 3 mm, for group B - by 8 mm. The deviation in thickness is ± 0.5 mm for both group A and B. In length - 0 and ± 8 mm, respectively. For the first group, damage to corners and edges is unacceptable.

Edge types:

• PK \ SK - straight edge, used for installation without joints.
• UK \ AK - a thinned edge, used for further gluing with reinforcing tape and processing with putty
• ZK \ RK - rounded edge, used when processing with plaster.
• PLC \ HRK - a semicircular edge, applied from the front side, is used when processing with putty, while no reinforcing tape is used.
• PLUK \ HRAK - a semicircular edge, thinned on the front side, is applied using both putty and reinforcing tape.

The marking is indicated on the back of the sheet using a stamp or permanent indelible paint. The logo of the manufacturer or the name of the company and the mandatory information of the sheet are entered into the marking: designation of the type, group, type of longitudinal edge, length, width, thickness in mm and the number of the manufacturing standard. For example: GKL-A-UK-3000 * 12 0000 * 12 00.5 GOST 6266-97.

For what purposes is it suitable

By appointment, drywall is divided into wall, ceiling and arched. The thickness of the wall is 12.5 mm, the ceiling is 9.5 mm, and the arched is 6.5 mm.

Wall drywall is an ordinary GKL sheet, without additional impurities. It is used for wall cladding or installation of barriers, false walls, various shelves. They are installed on special metal frames.

Ceiling is used for the installation of suspended ceilings and multi-tiered ceiling products. Since it is thin and flexible, it is used to make arched and wavy interior details.

On curved non-standard structures, arched or designer drywall is used, it is thinner than wall. Its main difference is the addition of reinforced fiberglass to the core. Thanks to this, it has a more flexible structure and less fragility. Thickness varies from 6 to 6.5mm. The weight of such panels is about 5 kg per 1 m². The disadvantage of this type of drywall is that it is very dense. Poor to cutting and processing. Keep in mind that due to the thinness, the material must be mounted in two layers. This greatly increases the cost of the structure, so at small bends it can be replaced with a ceiling one.

For cases where increased strength, impact resistance and withstanding large loads in rooms with high humidity are required, a special reinforced gypsum plasterboard sheet of the GKLVU type is used. The thickness of such panels is from 18 to 25 mm. They are made with two types of edges - straight and thin.

Separately, the acoustic type of gypsum plasterboard sheets is distinguished.

The uniqueness of these panels lies in the fact that a large number of round-shaped tears with a diameter of about 1 cm are applied to their surface. And a special soundproof coating is glued on the back of the panel.

Such material is used for soundproofing walls, music studios, theater rooms, cinemas, boilers. These sheets do not need further processing, it is enough to cover them with a layer of paint.

Special-purpose sheets are also made of this material. They have additional properties: to absorb electromagnetic waves, screen X-rays, and increased thermal insulation. For facing the outer walls, special anti-wind panels are used.

In contact with

Drywall Is one of the most popular modern finishing materials.

Drywall consists of three layers: two outer layers of reinforced cardboard and an inner layer of gypsum, photo 1... Various additives are added to the gypsum composition, which make it possible to obtain different types drywall with special properties.

With the help of drywall, you can level the surface of walls and ceilings, create an original design structure of walls and ceilings of varying complexity, photo 2... Using drywall, you can hide communication passages, electrical wiring, etc.

Drywall classification: main types, sizes and characteristics

Plasterboard sheets are produced in the following basic sizes:

• 1200 × 2000 mm;
• 1200 × 2500 mm;
• 1200 × 3000 mm.

Depending on the thickness of the sheet and on the purpose, drywall has the following name:

• arched - 6.5 mm;
• ceiling - 9.5 mm;
• wall - 12.5 mm.

V tab. one presents the main types of drywall and their sizes (thickness of drywall).

Table 1

Dimensions of drywall sheets

Consider the main types of drywall

• gypsum plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard) or ordinary drywall, the sheets are gray. Blue ink marking. Designed for installation of walls and ceilings in dry rooms with low humidity.
• fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard (GKLO. GKLO gypsum contains special additives that increase its fire resistance index. Designed for rooms with high temperature or with increased level fire hazard (attics, walls near fireplaces). Such drywall can withstand up to 20 minutes of exposure to an open flame. Plasterboard color gray or beige, marking in red ink.
• moisture resistant gypsum plasterboard (GKLV) designed for rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bath, bathroom, pool) and can withstand constant exposure for 10 hours to air with a relative humidity of 82 ... 85%. Such drywall is resistant to a humid environment, provided that the front side is treated with waterproofing and waterproof materials ( ceramic tile, primer, protective coatings). Water absorption of gypsum plasterboard is no more than 10%. As part of moisture-resistant drywall, silicone granules are introduced that reduce the hygroscopicity of gypsum, and can also introduce antifungal and hydrophobic additives. Green drywall with blue ink markings.
• moisture-resistant and fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard (GKLVO)- such drywall combines the properties of GKLV and GKLO. Green drywall, red ink marking.
• gypsum fiber sheet (GVL). The main difference between such gypsum board and gypsum plasterboard is the addition of cellulose to the gypsum composition, which significantly increases the strength characteristics. For example, a nail driven into drywall (GVL) can withstand a weight of 30 kg or more.
• facade gypsum plasterboard (GKLF) Created for facade cladding buildings that can withstand atmospheric influences. GKLF plasterboard is made in yellow color.

Brief information about the types of gypsum cardboard is given in table 2.

table 2

Types and marking of drywall sheets

There is also a classification of drywall by the type of edge

1. Straight Edge (PC or SK)... With such an edge, there is no need for sealing.
2. Refined edge (UK or AK)... The joints of such drywall are additionally reinforced with a special tape and then putty.
3. Front semicircular edge (PLC or HRK). HRK joints are only puttyed.
4. Semicircular and thinned edge on the front side (PLUK or HRAK). The joints of such drywall are additionally reinforced with a special tape and then putty.
5. Rounded edge (ZK or RK). Plasterboard joints with a rounded edge are only puttyed.

Drywall classification by purpose

Consider the classification of drywall according to its purpose.

Ceiling plasterboard intended for finishing (cladding) ceilings, installation of suspended ceilings in dry rooms with a relative humidity of up to 70%. Basic properties:

• non-toxic material;
• no smell;
• not electrostatic;
• hygroscopic material - capable of absorbing excess moisture and releasing it when there is a lack of it in the room.

Wall drywall. Designed for wall cladding, installation of interior partitions and others construction works for the arrangement of premises.

Advantages of using drywall:

1. Labor intensity of work is significantly reduced.
2. The lightweight design reduces the overall load on the foundation.
3. Environmentally friendly material.

Arched drywall. Designed for arched constructive solutions of any complexity, since drywall 6.5 mm thick is able to bend well. So, for example, from such drywall, you can easily make an arched doorway, wave-shaped partitions, etc. I would like to note that drywall bends better when it is pre-moistened. Here are some data on the possibility of bending drywall of various thicknesses:

• thickness 6.5 mm: wetted sheet - bending radius not less than 300 mm, dry sheet - bending radius not less than 1000 mm;
• thickness 9.5 mm: dry sheet - bending radius not less than 2000 mm;
• thickness 12.5 mm: dry sheet - bending radius not less than 3000 mm.

The disadvantages of drywall are as follows:

1. The relatively low strength of the material, with significant mechanical damage, dents and even breakdowns are formed.
2. Drywall doesn't breathe.
3. It is not possible to hang heavy cabinets and shelves on a drywall wall.
4. Plasterboard sheathing takes a lot useful area premises.
5. Rodents can move between the plasterboard cladding and the wall.

Useful information about drywall

1. Table 3 shows the weight and area of ​​various drywall sheets.

Table 3

Weight characteristics of gypsum plasterboard sheets

1. Symbols in the marking of drywall sheets. Marking is done on the back (back) side. For example, consider a drywall convention:

GKLV-A-ZK-2500 × 1200 × 12.5 DIN 190 - 81

Decoding of sheet marking:

• GKLV- moisture resistant gypsum plasterboard;
• A- a group of drywall in terms of dimensional accuracy. Produce two groups A and B (A - high accuracy of geometric dimensions);
• ZK- type of edge;
• 2500 × 1200 × 12,5 - sheet dimensions (length × width × thickness, mm);
• DIN 190— 81 - regulatory document, standard.

Next to the main marking is also information about the manufacturer, the date of production.

1. Bending strength of gypsum plasterboards depending on thickness:

Table of the ultimate strength of gypsum board bending depending on its thickness

Prepared by - expert

Alexander A. Konev

Since the drywall has replenished the assortment building materials aligning the walls and window openings has ceased to be a problem for many consumers. We can say that gypsum plasterboards are ideal to use because they are lightweight, smooth surface and strong enough. The scope of their application is quite extensive.

What is drywall, what does it consist of, what properties does it have?

Drywall is finishing material, consisting of a layer of pressed gypsum with a thickness of 9-15 mm and a layer of cardboard glued to it on both sides. Cardboard reliably protects the fragile gypsum core from adverse external influences. In addition, its perfectly flat surface is already prepared for wallpapering, painting, gluing ceramic tiles, and so on.

By their physical and chemical properties drywall (gypsum plasterboard) is excellent for decorating residential premises. Despite the fact that in the process of its production, an adhesive and foaming agents for gypsum are used, the material is environmentally friendly and harmless to health.

Drywall is easy to cut and bend when wet. This property is used by craftsmen when creating complex profiles for decorating interiors. Multilevel ceilings, ornate partitions, original niches, shelves, and much more are easily created by the skillful hands of builders. For example, it won't take a long time for a simple partition. A frame is mounted from the guides, drywall is fixed on both sides with self-tapping screws, and a sound absorber is laid between its layers.

GCR also has the ability to absorb excess moisture and release it when the air is dry. Its acidity is similar to that of human skin. These invaluable qualities of the material allow it to have a positive effect on the microclimate in the house.

Advantages and disadvantages of drywall

The advantages of gypsum plasterboard include:

• Low cost of the material, which allows for repair work at a reasonable price.
• Convenience during transportation due to the low weight of the sheets.
• Ease of handling, since drywall is easy to cut and ready for finishing. Its smooth surface does not require a large consumption of putty, which saves money on its purchase.
• When using gypsum plasterboards, "wet" processes are excluded, which contributes to an increase in labor productivity.
• The versatility of the material allows it to be used in different areas construction.
• Positive effect on the microclimate in the house, fire safety (gypsum is a non-combustible material).

There are not so many disadvantages of GCR:

• The ability to get wet. Gypsum is a water-soluble material, therefore gypsum plasterboards are destroyed by excess moisture.
• The material crumbles, so when driving in a nail, it is unlikely to resist the heavy load.

For your information ... To hang anything on a drywall wall, you need to use plastic expanding dowels. At the same time, the wall can withstand the load at the rate of no more than 6 kg / m2.

Types of drywall - which one is better?

Drywall is subdivided and labeled depending on its characteristics and field of application.

There are four main types of this versatile material:

1. Ordinary gypsum plasterboard (GKL). They are used in dry heated rooms for cladding ceilings and walls.
2. Drywall with increased resistance to moisture (GKLV). Surface of sheets industrially treated with antifungal and waterproofing compounds. Feels good in wet rooms.
3. Drywall with increased fire resistance (GKLO). Most suitable for rooms with high temperature regime, since its production uses special refractory additives and reinforcing fibers. But the material does not withstand prolonged exposure to open fire.
4. Moisture-resistant and fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard sheets (GKLVO). Drywall is designed for use in humid rooms with high temperature conditions.

What type of drywall is better, it will not work out so bluntly. Each of them is intended for a certain type of work and it is not always possible to replace one material with another. A professional will figure it out most quickly, so it is worth inviting specialists to work with drywall.

Installation of drywall eliminates "wet" processes when carrying out renovation works, which is successfully used by construction crews. It is also called "gypsum wall", "dry plaster".

Plasterboard sheets are usually used:

1. For leveling ceilings and window openings indoors. It takes a little time to install the gypsum board, but all the irregularities are perfectly hidden, and an absolutely smooth surface is obtained.
2. For arranging decorative multi-level ceilings with built-in lamps and lighting, original arches and columns. This unique material can be shaped into virtually any shape, allowing craftsmen to create complex geometric designs.
3. When erecting partitions and other internal structures. Quite often, you want to re-plan the space in an apartment, but a brick or aerated concrete wall will not be so cheap. Yes, and create an additional load on wooden floors not safe in old houses. But the drywall construction will weigh a little, and it will be mounted quickly. The result is a fairly solid and even surface.
4. To improve heat and sound insulation in wall cladding.