What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

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Everyone knows that a polluted atmosphere causes illness, headache, cough, shortness of breath. Moreover, the microclimate in the premises is much dirtier than on the street. How is the air cleaned from odors?

Particles of dust, human skin and animal hair, fungus and mold spores, poisonous gases, toxins and other toxic compounds are always in the air.

Modern industry produces powerful cleaning systems that will clean the microclimate not only in homes and offices, but also in restaurants, manufacturing plants and other places where there are large crowds of people.

Select best option the sales assistant will always help. And let's figure out how to bring the microclimate where we spend most of our time - in our homes.

What means are available for each of us to help get rid of unpleasant and harmful miasms, let's talk today.

Why are foreign odors not allowed?

Thousands of particles and compounds hover in the atmosphere, including carcinogenic and others, which can cause illnesses. It is they who give this or that smell.

Let's find out some of the substances that we have to breathe in our lives:

• exhaust gases of automobiles and industrial enterprises;
• formaldehyde, styrene and other compounds that highlight furniture and other items of the surrounding interior and decoration;
• tobacco smoke and burning leaves, debris and other fires;
• aromas from cooking;
• household chemicals and cleaning products;
• allergens from pets.

Unpleasant odors are a symbiosis of solid and gaseous compounds, allergens, viruses and harmful gases.

They are not only harmful to health, but also irritate, cause headaches, sore throats, pain in the eyes and tearing.

But not all gases can be recognized by our brain with the help of olfactory receptors, but it is necessary to fight them, although not easy, but necessary.

Secrets of a clean microclimate

Getting rid of them is not as easy as it might seem. Cleaners are not an option, as they themselves contain a stronger aroma, which temporarily “interrupts” an unpleasant one.

Firstly, this is a short-term effect, and secondly, the cause has not been eliminated, so the stink will be felt again.

In addition, convention and diffusion in the room contribute to the fact that the molecules in the atmosphere quickly spread in the premises.

The most effective way to overcome the smell in the apartment is to ventilate it.

But in large, industrial cities, during the period of burning peat bogs or forest fires, in the fall, when the acrid smoke of burning leaves is constantly present on the street, this method is not only unacceptable, but will pollute the atmosphere in the apartment even more.

Modern industry makes it possible to cope with this problem: now there is a huge selection of cleaners that will get rid of all kinds of odorous components.

They are able to clear the space of all kinds of gases, gradually reducing their concentration.

• Air cleaners

These are filters for various rooms. They should be used in apartments, offices, educational institutions, medical institutions, public places and at work.

Modern air purifiers are multifunctional:they help filter out harmful allergens, dust, kitchen odors, harmful compounds, all solid and gaseous compounds that are present in the atmosphere.

In addition to cleansing from pollution, they disinfect the microclimate and make it healthy. This result is obtained thanks to a multi-stage filter system: they remove all dirt and stench from the space.

The first step is filtering out coarse particles: villi, pollen, particles of textiles and dead human skin, dust, etc. after that, microparticles are eliminated.

After that, aromas and gases are filtered out. The air stream then passes through the UV rays. UV treatment is excellent at killing viruses and pathogens.

This is the most expensive and reliable device based on carbon filters. Whoever has the opportunity, purchase this option, since it is not profitable to save on health.

But for those who do not have material opportunities, you can use more budget options.

• Ionizers

Ionizers - under the influence of electric current, electrons are released into the environment, which interact with oxygen. The result is ionization of the atmosphere.

The result of the device's action is that dust and unpleasant odors are absorbed, and the space becomes favorable and clean.

Today, for the majority, air purification from odors in the apartment is carried out thanks to a large number of different neutralizers in the form of a block, spray or gel.

The principle of operation of such agents is based on the fact that the molecules of harmful and unpleasant odors neutralized by the vapors of such a product.

So, the spray is sprayed directly into the rooms, the block releases neutralizing substances into the space and the gel can be left in a convenient container.

Efficiency can be regulated by the owner himself: by increasing or reducing their dosage, but do not forget that this is not the elimination of the cause, but just a kind of disguise.

There are several more ways to change the microclimate in the apartment with the help of flavors. These are all kinds of aromatic oils, sticks, candles.

They do not get rid of odors, but only change them. When using these products, be careful - they can cause allergies or headaches.

Especially if you exceed their dosage. If you light an aroma lamp and feel a headache, nausea, or a sore throat, turn it off immediately and check the room.

This rule is also true for synthetic fresheners: use carefully, in small quantities, carefully monitoring the reaction to drugs.

Preventive measures

Our well-being often depends on what we breathe throughout the day. Therefore, daily walks are necessary in places where there is a large number of green spaces.

Take a walk in the morning or evening, or go for a run. These activities will saturate your blood with oxygen.

Being on the street, do a set of simple breathing exercises. As a result, you will feel a surge of vital energy.

Diet can also give you a boost of energy. Healthy eating does not cause drowsiness, but on the contrary - will give a boost of energy and strength. Change your diet and you will feel a surge of energy.

This step makes it possible to get rid of many ailments without medication, sometimes even the most severe ones, such as asthma, oncology, dermatological problems and various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and other internal organs.

Vegetarianism and raw food It is a way of healing and rejuvenation. Living nutrition allows you to regenerate cells, gives you a tremendous boost of energy, heals.

Try this diet, but do not rush to change your diet without preparation - this can provoke an exacerbation of chronic diseases and end in a breakdown.

Get help from experts who will give the necessary knowledge absolutely free of charge, reveal all the secrets and share useful tips and recipes. This menu is very tasty and varied.

The raw food diet has analogues of the dishes that we love. The raw food diet includes soups, borscht, pizzas, Chinese, Japanese, Italian traditional dishes, sweets.

Anyone can cook them, or purchase in super store for raw foodists and vegans.

Here you will find your favorite sweets: chocolate, sweets and bars, marshmallows, jams and cookies. And the powerful and reliable equipment that you can order here will help you cook other raw food and vegan dishes at home.

Give up coffee, alcoholic beverages. With the help of water, you will not only quench your thirst, but also remove toxins from the body. Drink more pure water - it is good for health and appearance.

Moisturizing occurs from the inside: the skin receives the necessary moisture, becomes elastic, and the network of fine wrinkles is smoothed out.

These simple changes can significantly improve everyone's health and well-being.

I wish you all the best and good health!

I propose to see interesting video:

A biofilter is a fixed bed reactor with a biological effect for purifying air or water. Its main purpose is to filter gaseous impurities and substances dissolved in the substance to be purified, and not solid particles.

The idea to purify the exhaust air in a biological way originated in the seventies of the twentieth century, but was first put into practice only in 1980 thanks to intensive research by scientists. Based on the microbiological method, a few years later the concept of a modular plant with the possibility of universal use was developed.

The oxygenate is closed and poorly ventilated. When ozone is converted to oxygen, it allows you to breathe cleaner air. Rooms Sleeping accommodations in a virus-free, hygienic and odor-free environment help residents feel more comfortable and safe. Ozone not only keeps the user safe from infections, but also feels very satisfied. In addition to respiratory allergies, eczema-causing dermatitis should also be considered. Although dust mites, pollen, fungi, etc. impossible to completely eliminate in any environment, ozone can be brought to acceptable levels for allergy sufferers.

Biofiltration is a relatively simple and economical process for cleaning exhaust air containing VOCs and odors. At the same time, microorganisms decompose harmful and odorous substances into harmless products such as carbon dioxide and water. Biofilters are mainly used for air purification. For specific cases, biological wastewater treatment is also possible, based on a similar principle.

In addition, when a resident suffers from infectious disease or incontinence, “mattresses and pillows are burned; but ozonation allows reuse under optimal hygiene conditions, avoiding the replacement of these items, which are always much more expensive,” explains Inez.

Therefore, they are centers of infection by diseases. When using ozone, make sure you breathe clean air that is free of odors and germs. Prices In general, ozonated water cleaning eliminates the use of chemicals in cleaning and maintenance procedures, and provides high level sanitation. These ozonated water treatment systems can save time, cut costs and protect the environment.

Biological exhaust air treatment uses microorganisms to remove harmful substances from the air through microbiological degradation. Various microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, act as degraders.

The whole process boils down to the following: microorganisms convert harmful substances with the help of oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, which means that we are talking about the decay reaction of matter.

For example, use in laundries is an effective alternative that reduces hot water consumption, reduces washing time, saves detergent, increases whiteness and increases the life of clothes. This system can be installed in small washing machines as well as large washing tunnels. Simply put, the ozone gas must be transferred to the water.

According to the World Health Organization, food hygiene includes all necessary measures to ensure the sanitary safety of food, the preservation of all other qualities that are their own, with special attention to the nutritional content.

This reaction can proceed only when harmful substances pass from the gaseous state to the liquid state, since water constitutes the living space of microorganisms. That is why the transition of harmful substances into a liquid state is the most important factor in all biological methods. Only those microorganisms survive that can best adapt to the prevailing conditions and to the nutrient base. In this case, we are always talking about a mixture of various heterotrophic species that use harmful substances in the air as a source of carbon and energy.

Microorganisms are present in the environment and in all living things. Pollution food products comes from any of these sources, and processing and distribution operations provide new opportunities for contamination. To prevent food contamination, it is important that kitchens maintain not only proper cleaning conditions, but also hygienic hygiene. In cold stores where fruits and vegetables are stored, ozone quickly eliminates possible microbial contamination, which means longer storage time in the cells.

Types and methods of operation of biofilters

There are different types of biofilters depending on the way they are used and the area of ​​application. For instance:

• flat sleeve,
• container type,
• for wells,
• storey,
• cellular,
• tower.

But in all types of devices, the exhaust air passes through some kind of filter material.

As for industrial fume hoods, although they have some filtration and containment of condensed vapors, oils and greases, the resulting air is very imperfect in all aspects. In addition, micro-contaminations that form inside the outlet channels can be very high. Each ozone can also successfully fight against it, Ynes manifests.

In addition, as explained by the 21 ozone manager, other types of odors come from kitchens that contribute to the indoor air pollution of the centers: cooking, roasting, etc. Ozone controls these emissions perfectly, and if the appliance is placed in the entrance exits of the kitchens, an ozone curtain is created that prevents odors from entering the residence, and also leaves food directly in the rooms. Ozone, in addition to eliminating odors produced by the food industry, guarantees its complete safety and helps to maintain the best taste and texture for consumption, says Rodriguez-Rosello.

In some cases, an air-washing chamber is located in front of the biofilter, in which the gas acquires a relative humidity of almost 100%. This should prevent the material from drying out. In addition, if necessary, solid particles are removed from the gas in the air-washing chamber. Saturated with water vapor and cleaned of dust, the raw gas enters directly into the biofilter, which contains the filter material. Thanks to additional irrigation, it always remains moist. This is where microorganisms live. When passing through the filter layer, the substances in the composition of the exhaust air are sorbed on the surface of the material, thus becoming a nutrient base for the bacteria living here.

Ozone against chlorine and bleach. While chlorine is the most widely used method, "chlorine is a toxic halogen gas that causes serious health damage if exposed to significant amounts in its pure state." Meanwhile, ozone is a gas that ends up dissociating and returning to be oxygen without causing any harm, insists Rodriguez-Rosello. And, most importantly, chlorine has an unpleasant odor in the face of ozone, "which is colorless and tasteless."

Finally, this expert points out that chlorine needs a warehouse to store the product, but ozone does not, since it is a generator. As for bleach, Ozone 21 is a toxic agent that is highly corrosive and can cause burns or irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It can cause serious health problems if swallowed and should never be mixed with ammonia as the fumes they give off are very harmful. Ozone has none of these problems, and their disinfectant power is much greater than that of lye.

In order to guarantee a high microbial activity in the filter, the optimal conditions for the life of microorganisms: pH level, humidity, temperature and regular supply of nutrients. Practice shows that microbial mixed populations developing in biofilters are very hardy, if the above conditions are observed.

In addition, ozone is more effective, safer and non-aggressive with fabric fibers. Installation of ozone generators. The size of ozone generators and their installation depend on the intended use. For a specific dosage in a room or for shock treatment, we can use a portable device or separate ozone generators. the benefits it creates "is not an expensive product and represents more of an investment than maintenance costs."

In the same vein, José Juan Rodriguez-Rosello points out that Ozone 21 recommends the most suitable ozone generator and installation for each application. For example, bathrooms, rooms and common rooms can be installed in a false ceiling, as only an electrical outlet is required. But there are also mobile phones that do not require installation. Meanwhile, water models are easy to place on a faucet and, depending on their use, may or may not need electricity.

Filter material

Certain requirements are also imposed on the filter material.

It should have a large specific surface and, at the same time, a comfortable breeding zone for microorganisms, which:

• retains moisture well
• allows only a slight pressure drop during the passage of gas,
• independently regulates fluctuations in the pH value,
• ensures uniform passage through the filter layer,
• has a low decay rate.

In addition, microorganisms must be supplied with inorganic nutrients and trace elements. The following materials can be used as a filter layer:

In terms of cost, Rodriguez-Rosello notes that the use of ozone improves the quality of life for both residents and their families and workers. In addition, all people will have more health that Ozone 21 not only sells devices, but also rents them at a lower price and includes the use of ozone generators. installation, report on the measurement of ozone in the places where it is installed, supervision and replacement of devices with others in perfect condition once a year.

Did you know that ozone is used for cleaning and that it is a better disinfectant than chlorine and bleach? If you are looking for an alternative cleaning technique and are truly respectful of the environment, then ozone cleaning is the way to go. Ozone has hygienic and deodorizing properties. Ozonation may be your best bet after painting your home or doing work. Continue reading and find out all the properties, uses and benefits of ozone cleaning.

• Compost from wood or trash
• Heather, brushwood or coir
• Peat products
• Paper granulate

Additionally, inert materials are added for loosening, such as expanded clay, styrofoam or foam. At the same time, the filter layer is not only a carrier for microorganisms, but also a supplier nutrients.

What is ozone and why is it needed?

Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. In its natural state, ozone is a slightly bluish gas with a pleasant smell. Although ozone molecules are in the air, they do not serve as a disinfectant. To achieve this function, we will need ozone generators, also known as ozone generators.

When these molecules come into contact with particles that cause infections or stench, they are removed and converted into oxygen. Ozone applied to media or surfaces that are stained or give off an unpleasant odor has numerous advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of biofiltration

During the operation of the biofilter, the main problem is to prevent drying or excessive moisture of the filter layer, and, consequently, ensuring uniform passage of polluted air through it.

This can be achieved primarily by encapsulation of biofilters. The disadvantages of these devices include the following:

Ozone disinfection is very effective as it eliminates bacteria, germs, fungi and other microorganisms. These molecules are also able to stop unpleasant odors caused even by fish. . Ozone disinfects and leaves well. However, it does not affect the material on which it is applied. That is, it leaves the surface as new and does not change its fire retardant or acoustic insulating properties.

Disinfectant effects of ozone

Professional Ozone Cleaning Services

• Ozone acts against each of them and destroys them.
• In addition, it slows down their growth and prevents them from appearing again.
• virucidal effect.

• large footprint
• energy costs for boosting pressure
• the need for additional irrigation

However, compared to other methods, such as air ionization with ionizing tubes, a permanent biological cleaning process is more advantageous due to CO2 savings and numerous economic aspects (average acquisition costs, long service life, average production costs).

Office cleaning with ozone

More and more companies and individuals are discovering the benefits of this gas and deciding to hire an ozone purifier for their facilities. Offices are workplaces that are usually closed so the air you breathe is concentrated. In addition, there are many people who usually go to their post even if they have a little cold. The main problem is that workers use the same printer and touch doorknobs, but they don't always have clean hands. In addition, they cough, sneeze and breathe all the same air.

Technological foundations

The technological basis is essentially biochemical oxidation and at the same time the decomposition and transformation of materials by bacteria, fungi and yeast into harmless and odorless substances.

The prerequisites are that the harmful materials are water-soluble, biodegradable and non-toxic to microorganisms.

Therefore, there is a high risk of infection between them. The best prevention for the health of all company members is to negotiate good office cleaning services. Daily tasks are very important, but we cannot forget about integral cleaning. Periodically, any office needs carpet cleaning, upholstery cleaning or roof cleaning.

Maintaining impeccable ventilation ducts is also important for breathing good air quality. An ozone air purifier can be very beneficial for a fresh and fresh environment. The processes that take place there collect a large amount of dirt and bacteria. Each industry has different cleanup needs and while all of this needs to be done strictly, special attention should be given to the food sector.

The rapidly growing population of microorganisms living on the filter layer uses the volatile organic compounds contained in polluted air for their own metabolic processes. Decomposition occurs under aerobic conditions and sufficient oxygen. The latter is ensured by its sufficient content directly in the air. Exhaust air saturated with water vapor must be used because the filter material must be damp.

Areas of application for biofilters

• Biofilters are used for biological air purification in the following areas:
• Cleaning stations Wastewater
• Solid waste landfills, waste processing plants
• Surface painting companies using solvents (metal, wood, plastics)
• Food processing, mushroom farms, smokehouses
• Oil mills and malting companies
• Agricultural installations
• Biogas plants, gas processing from organic waste
• Cattle farms
• Feed factories
• slaughterhouses
• Sludge dryers
• Industrial production complexes

Biofiltration to eliminate odor

The main area of ​​application of biological filtration devices is the purification of air from unpleasant odors. The microbiological breakdown of malodorous substances into carbon dioxide and water takes place at ambient temperature, so there is no need for additional energy or additives. Therefore, the production costs of this process are very low. In many areas, biofiltration is becoming an integral part of the technical equipment of production.

In Europe, thousands of biofiltration devices are used to eliminate odors from a wide variety of emission sources. Odor problems are common in the vicinity of sewage treatment plants, landfills, foundries, breweries, food processing plants, animal housing, waste processing plants, agricultural operations and slaughterhouses. Biofiltration is the most cost-effective and most reliable method for eliminating unpleasant odors - its efficiency reaches 99%.

Biofilters for sewer wells

Biofilters for wells are installed directly under the splash guard in the well shaft, thereby preventing strong odors from escaping from the sewer. They contain an integrated mudguard and a filter layer (a mixture of peat and a composite for microorganisms). The water coming from the surface is directed to the suction socket under the sludge collector and is discharged through the waste pipe. The rubber seal prevents uncleaned air from escaping. Modern filters no longer prevent air seepage. Modern paper-based filters do not require additional maintenance and function from 5 to 6 years without constant monitoring and care. Their efficiency is about 99%.

Application

Designed to effectively eliminate unpleasant odors from municipal or industrial sewers.

Action

Microorganisms in the biofilter neutralize unpleasant odors before they go outside.

Design

HDPE (High Density Poly-Ethylene) and stainless steel construction ensures durability (~7 years)

Container type biofilters

The main purpose of biofiltration is the contact of microorganisms with contaminants contained in the air stream. The filtration material constituting the soil for growing microorganisms is placed inside the biofilter. During the biofiltration process, a stream of polluted air enters the biofilter, where the absorption process takes place through the filter material. In the effect of decomposition, metabolic intermediates appear in the form of CO2 and H2O.

Advantages:

• There is no waste requiring special treatment.
• Pollution is decomposed into neutral compounds such as: H2O, CO2 and biomass.
• The biomass is stored inside the apparatus and after a certain period of time it is composted together with the filter material.
• Properly designed biofilters require virtually no maintenance.
• Exceptionally low cost of investment as well as low operating costs compared to traditional air purification methods.

Exhaust Air Requirements

The most important prerequisites for the functioning of biofilters are:

• Compliance with a favorable temperature regime (+5°C - +55°C).
• Irrigation of the filter layer to prevent it from drying out.
• Preventing the formation of cracks and cracks in the filter layer.
• The substances to be purified must be water soluble.
• Substances to be purified must be biodegradable.
• Regular supply of nutrients to the habitat of microorganisms.

Links

H.C. Flemming and J. Wingender (2010). Nature Reviews Microbiology.

Joseph S. Devinny, Marc A. Deshusses and Todd S. Webster (1999). Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control.

Hermann Bubinger, Hans-Gerd Schwinning (1992). Grundlagen und Anwendungsbeispiele der Biofiltertechnologie.

Andreas Oberhammer (1997). Verfahren zur gleichmäßigen Befeuchtung ener Filtermasse

Air purification from dust at the enterprises of the meat industry is carried out in accordance with technological and environmental requirements.

Self-cleaning oil filters are used to clean the supply and recirculation air in air conditioners. Air purification in supply ventilation systems is carried out in cell oil filters.

Purification of supply air from dust is provided for workshops (departments) of raw materials, stuffing, machine, semi-finished products and packaged meat, as well as varnishing workshops for tin and can production.

Dust in the meat industry is emitted during the preparation of feed, crushing and sifting fodder flour, during the preparation of dumplings (sifting flour, etc. operations), as well as in the shops (departments) for receiving poultry. The emitted dust is mainly of organic origin, some of its types (flour, fodder) are capable of forming explosive mixtures with air.

Purification of air removed by local exhausts from meat and bone, mixed fodder, grain and other dust before being released into the atmosphere

should be produced in efficient cyclones, and if necessary - in bag filters, up to an acceptable residual dust concentration.

When using air for recirculation, two-stage cleaning is mandatory. In the departments for the production of bone meal from dried bone, two-stage air purification from bone dust should be carried out: stage I - battery cyclones, stage II - cyclones with a water film or cyclones-washers (see Chapter 6).

Emission into the atmosphere of air removed by general ventilation systems from the premises of shops (departments) of technical and fodder products, skin canning and raw materials, varnishing and lithographic shops of tin and can production, machine and hardware departments of ammonia refrigeration plants, as well as removed by local exhausts from equipment (boilers , roasting and gas ovens, drying chambers, sterilizers, baths for various purposes, vacuum apparatuses, paraffiners, etc.), it is allowed to provide without cleaning.

Elimination of unpleasant odors, purification of air from microorganisms considered in Chap. 6. For meat industry enterprises, these issues are of particular importance, since the products that are processed and stored at the enterprises of the industry are a very favorable environment for the development of microflora and the occurrence of unpleasant odors. The number of microorganisms in the air of such premises can reach 10 5 or more units per 1 m 3

Residents living near the meat industry often complain about the unpleasant smell emanating from these enterprises. This happens especially often in the summer and with a certain wind direction. *

The destruction of microorganisms is achieved by ozonation, irradiation with bactericidal lamps, the creation of an increased content of carbon dioxide in closed rooms (chambers), and air ionization. The method of eliminating unpleasant odors is air filtration through a layer of activated carbon. Usually, special cartridges with a perforated surface filled with coal are used for these purposes.

To remove gases - carriers of unpleasant odors, as well as microorganisms, regular ventilation of the premises with outside air during the cold season is used. A good effect is given by general ventilation and air removal with the help of local suctions.

The way to combat microorganisms is to treat the surface of building structures with bleach, which should be carried out in the absence of people and products.

As a result of the decomposition of ozone - a triatomic oxygen molecule - monatomic oxygen is released, which has a high chemical activity. It reacts intensively with odor carriers, as a result of which the odor disappears, and oxidizes microorganisms, suppressing their vital activity. As a result of treatment with ozone with an air concentration of 40 mg/m 3 for 3-12 hours a day, 60-100% of microorganisms die in 5 days. Recommended concentrations of ozone: in storage rooms for meat products - 1-2 mg/m 3 , in storage rooms for eggs - 1.5-3 mg/m 3 , to remove odor in rooms - 5-10 mg/m 3 .

Almost complete purification of air from microorganisms is provided by fine filters with FP fabric (see Chapter 6). It is also possible to use other filters, in which, for example, methylene green is used for bactericidal action.

To suppress the development of microorganisms, carbon dioxide is supplied to the air of the meat storage chambers. Its recommended concentration is 10% at 0 °C.

To destroy or suppress microorganisms, ultraviolet irradiation is used with the help of special bactericidal lamps filled with mercury vapor. Lamps are installed in air ducts and directly in the premises.

Bactericidal lamps with a power of 0.15 W are placed at a distance of 600 - 800 mm. As a result of turning on the lamps for 30 minutes, 95.3% of microorganisms in the upper part of the room and 78.5% in the lower part are destroyed.

As a result of ultraviolet irradiation, air conditions improve, which leads to an increase in the shelf life of products. When bactericidal lamps are turned on in the storage room for sausages for 6 hours a day at an air temperature of 16 C, relative humidity 85%, the quality boiled sausages stored for up to 6 days, semi-smoked - up to 25 days.

Air ionization leads to the deposition of microorganisms from the air onto building structures. In combination with the treatment of these structures with bactericidal solutions (for example, bleach), this method gives good results.

The chemical industry is moving forward by leaps and bounds, and today in technological processes thousands of anthropogenic compounds are involved, many of which have, to put it mildly, an unpleasant, and often disgusting "flavor".

In this regard, the interest of industry representatives in equipment that can effectively carry out such a process as cleaning or odor filtering.

Moreover, in the context of considering the topic of air pollution with foul-smelling compounds, both aesthetic and toxicological aspects should be noted. In addition to simple discomfort caused, for example, by small concentrations of skatols, mercaptans or amines in the workshop, the smell can indicate the presence of much more dangerous substances in the industrial atmosphere.

The origin of the word "mercaptan" is interesting. It is formed by shortening the English expression Mer cury Capt ure (mercury capture) due to its ability to effectively bind mercury-containing compounds.

Olfactometric map of the distribution of the smell of oil after the collision of two oil barges, USA, Texas, May 11, 2019, source - Houston Weather Service

In addition, one should take into account the fact that many of the dangerous, carcinogenic and mutagenic gases and liquids are odorless (and some - for example - smell pleasant), being invisible, but ruthless killers.

Therefore, if there is the slightest suspicion of a leak of hazardous substances, you should immediately consider upgrading or upgrading your current filtering infrastructure.

For more than three decades, PZGO LLC has been a leader in the Russian market of gas cleaning equipment, industrial aspiration and ventilation systems, the average efficiency of which in terms of cleaning (filtration, separation and disposal) of unwanted gases, aerosols, mists, fumes and vapors tends to 100% .

Odorous substances as clear markers of pollution, some MPCs

In general, the presence of an unpleasant "spirit" in an industrial atmosphere indicates that the substance already dissipated, left the place of its deployment, and in this case it is possible to clear the air of smell only through centralized ventilation. Moreover, sticky and oily aerosols that have coated work surfaces often cannot be removed with an air extractor.

In order to prevent odorous / unwanted components from entering the aeroclimate of a workshop or site, it is required to install filters and ventilation ducts exactly in those places where the concentration of the pollutant is maximum: above the digesters of a food plant, heating / frying lines, above mixing tanks, at the exit of the spray booth , above the laser machine.

Table: MPCs for some dangerous and foul-smelling chemical substances

Many of the above compounds are familiar to everyone: vinegar, ethyl alcohol, camphor oil, naphthalene, acetone. But it is better not to get acquainted with such substances as phosgene (which, by the way, smells like rotten mowed grass).

Despite the fact that phosgene was developed as a weapon of mass destruction for the fronts of the First World War, it is still used today in organic synthesis enterprises. Phosgene is one of the key components in the production of polycarbonate. There is NO antidote for phosgene poisoning.

Filters and equipment for the neutralization of industrial odors

Considering odor filters for air, it should be noted that the capture of industrial odorants is carried out by the same types of equipment that are designed to provide "traditional" air purification from harmful or unwanted impurities. The logic here is straightforward: no substance - nothing to smell. The better the pollutant is removed from the air, the more favorable (and safe) it will be for breathing.

Thioketones - Probably the strongest-smelling compounds. You can smell thioacetone, for example, when it is in the air in a volume ratio of 1/10 * 12. To make it clearer, compare a piece of paper with the area of ​​the Moscow region

One of the most extensive and important areas in gas cleaning are wet (absorption) and dry (adsorption) approaches. Let's evaluate both methods using the example of removing some common foul-smelling contaminants.

Hydrogen Sulfide Odor Removal Methods

Hydrogen sulfide is clearly felt already at a concentration of 1.5 mg / m3 (and the lethal concentration is only 0.1% of the inhaled air). The danger of H 2 S lies not only in its toxicological effects, but also in its ability to create explosive mixtures with air.

Hydrogen sulfide odor filters are especially in demand due to the fact that at a certain concentration, hydrogen sulfide paralyzes the olfactory nerve, and the smell of rotten eggs ceases to be felt by a person. At the same time, the negative effect of gas on the body continues.

Chemical odor removal can be carried out using both wet absorbers and dry adsorption towers. Each deodorization technique has its own advantages, which are fully revealed in specific production conditions.

Please pay attention that the functionality of the devices described below also correlates with the retention any other foul-smelling, toxic or technologically undesirable components of the air stream.

Wet sorption in scrubbers and absorption plants

Absorption is the process of retaining a gas component in the volume of a liquid reagent. In the case of hydrogen sulfide, alkaline solutions demonstrate the maximum reagent efficiency.

Private example:H2S +NaOH (caustic soda solution) →NaHS (sodium hydrosulfide) +H2O

Sodium hydrosulfide obtained as a result of air purification measures can be economically disposed of. As for the physical aspects of the interaction of the pollutant with the absorbent, the following versions of the devices are possible (the choice of which depends on the conditions of the site and the wishes of the Customer).

Video presentation of an absorption plant for the absorption of hydrogen fluoride and chloride from sludge

For detailed information on devices, their characteristics and principles of operation, please follow the blue links (they will open in a new window).

1. Gas capture in . The working chamber is filled with motionless bodies with a large specific surface, over which an alkaline solution is sprayed. Deodorization takes place in the interfacial boundary of the liquid microfilm;
2. Hydrogen sulfide capture, (especially in combination with other pollutants), in (APID). The working chamber is filled with polypropylene balls that randomly move (boil) in an alkaline solution;
3. An air purifier for smoke and odors can be made in the form. The main factor in the retention (deblocker) of the pollutant is a self-supporting layer of unstable foam, which is formed on the surface of the supporting perforated plates due to the passage of air flow through the holes.

Each of the units, when choosing the right absorbent, is able to show the efficiency of odor cleaning in the range of 96-99.9%.

The advantages of wet cleaning performed by scrubbers of the ShV series are:

• Ability to process wet environments without prior drying - aerosol mists, vapors, fumes, emulsions, suspensions;
• Possibility of parallel operation as a dust collector, including for the retention of sticky, viscous, sticky dusts of high concentrations, as well as ash, soot (combination of mechanical and chemical flow deactivation);
• Processing of high-temperature media, including those with high chemical activity (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, HCl, H 2 SO 4 , carbon disulfide, H 2 S);
• Sorbent filters with rational selection of the reagent can generate valuable sludge;
• Self-cleaning, no need to replace any functional elements;
• Flexibility, simplicity, quick reconfiguration, full automation of work, affordability, durability and reliability.

Deodorization of gases in adsorption units

Another type of chemical odor neutralization is dry adsorption. has its own important features:

• The method is regenerative. This means that the trapped components can subsequently be recovered from the adsorbent (for example, high purity elemental sulfur can be recovered from activated carbon after hydrogen sulfide treatment);
• Wide choose sorbents allows you to effectively retain the widest range of odorants;
• Adsorbers are not designed to handle wet streams (in the case of processing wet media, a dryer is required upstream of the column to maintain the nominal efficiency of the device);
• There is a need for regeneration (purging) of the absorbent, as well as - periodically - for a complete reset of the deblocker (activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite) due to overgrowth of active pores;
• Among other things, it is desirable to install two or more adsorbers at once: one operates in the deodorizer mode, the second in the filler regeneration mode.

Adsorbent granules - activated carbon

At the same time, adsorption columns show ≈ 100% efficiency in relation to a variety of gaseous pollutants, which makes it extremely rational to use them as final, sanitary links in multistage systems and complexes of industrial air and gas purification.

Deodorization of spray booths

Cleaning the air from paint odors in the spray booth can be effectively carried out using wet scrubbers. lineup"SHV".

Powder coating process

We will quickly deliver gas cleaning, ventilation and aspiration equipment throughout Russia, the CIS, Europe and Asia and, if necessary, we will carry out quick and professional installation, commissioning and commissioning.

LLC "PZGO" - breathe easy!

A good air purifier is a useful purchase for a home where allergy sufferers, children, and the elderly live. It is very important to choose a device that will last for many years, be effective and comfortable to use.

Criteria for choosing a good air purifier

Maximum air exchange

It is known that at effective work the device must pass through itself the air in the room 2-3 times in 1 hour. Therefore, calculate the volume of the room (in cubic meters) and multiply this number by three, and then compare the result with the parameters of different air purifiers.

Used filters

There are several types of filters: electrostatic, ozonating, photocatalytic, water, carbon, HEPA filters. Each has its pros and cons. Qualitative models are characterized by the presence of several filters at once, i.e. multi-stage cleaning.

Ease of maintenance

You need to take into account 2 points:

• the time you are willing to spend caring for the device. If an electrostatic filter requires washing no more than once a week, and a photocatalytic filter - once every six months, then air washers need daily attention (change and addition of water);
• the presence of replaceable blocks in the design, the cost and frequency of their replacement.

Additional functions

These are indicators, displays, backlights, timers, aromatization, UV lamps, etc. The most important of the "bonus" features, which is worth paying for, is the possibility of controlled humidification.

Air purifiers-humidifiers

Air washers

Washers both humidify and purify the air from dust and other contaminants. An important advantage of these devices is that they do not need to buy consumables. Humidification and air purification is carried out without the use of replaceable filters.
For cleaning, the air is driven either through a system of discs moistened with water, or through a water curtain forced by a fan.
This is another advantage of air washes - the water evaporates naturally, and the humidity in the room cannot rise above a comfortable 60%. The disadvantages of these devices include noise and decent dimensions.

Climatic complexes for air purification and humidification

Multifunctional devices that combine three separate devices in a single housing: a full-fledged air purifier, a humidifier with traditional "cold" evaporation and an ionizer.

Advantages of climatic complexes:

• The presence of an intelligent control system for air quality and relative humidity, which allows you to use the device in automatic mode;
• High degree air purification with or without humidification (unlike classic air washers).

Flaw:

• The need for periodic replacement of "dry" and (or) humidifying filters.

Any adult and educated person knows that the air in the city is not only far from natural purity, but sometimes dangerous to health. And in order to protect ourselves from it at least at home, we use special equipment. How not to get lost in the variety of gadgets and choose the best air purifier? Let's consider everything in order.

Fresh air in the house can be attributed to the basic physiological needs. And if you don't live in a clean suburb, or at least near a park, then you most likely need an air purifier. Modern manufacturers create and modify such devices in large numbers, adding the necessary (or not?) functions of ultrasound, ionization, humidification, and so on, ad infinitum, changing the shape, size and number of filters, thus completely confusing the buyer. Let's see what air purifiers currently exist and what they are for.

There are no less myths in the field of air purification now than in show business 🙂 But for the most part, all air purifiers consist of a fan that drives this same air through a gadget, and a filter system. And it is in the latter that all the differences begin. To begin with, we divide all cleaning systems into two types:

• aquatic;
• dry.

An air purifier for an apartment is most often tried to be combined with a humidifier, which has already created some confusion between these devices. However, an ordinary humidifier does not purify the air, but only fills it with moisture, and of such devices, only an air washer can carry the proud title of “air purifier”. An air purifier for this type of home actually “washes” the air by forcing it through a water curtain. At the same time, under the action of water, airborne dust and other small pollutants settle on the washing discs. Cleaning the air with the help of washing occurs along with humidification, which adds to the popularity of these gadgets. All air washers operate on the same principle and differ in size, fan power and additional functions. Most often, air disinfection is introduced into the sink. In addition to the desire to introduce as many functions attractive to the buyer as possible, in this case, manufacturers are also guided by the principle of compensation - the fact is that the humid environment formed in sinks is very favorable for the growth of bacteria, harmful microorganisms and fungi, and the sink must be constantly looked after and cleaned it so that unexpected guests do not settle in the device.
Therefore, such an air purification system is often supplemented with a UV lamp for safety. How safe this technology is, we have already said in another.
In addition, the sinks themselves work quite sedately and calmly, you should not expect quick cleaning of the room, removal of odors and the smallest particles of pollutants and allergens from them.

If we talk about cleaning the air from dust, allergens and odors without the participation of water, then the choice of gadgets becomes many times larger. The devices differ in size, performance, design, and most importantly, which filters for air purification are inside and how many of them. But for the most part, all devices of this type have high power and can quickly clean the air in the room. The device of dry cleaning systems includes a more powerful fan that draws air from the room with force and drives it through the filtration system. Basically, in such systems there are such types of filters:

• Coarse air filter. It is usually a mesh or porous material that is able to trap large contaminants, such as dust balls or animal hair.
• Fine filters. They usually look like fabric or paper material folded like an accordion. The filter material has many pores, which are superimposed on each other due to an unusual fold, forming a fine-meshed non-linear sieve. Such filters trap dust particles and most of the allergens.
• HEPA filters. Today, such filters are the most effective for air purification. They trap even the smallest and most dangerous pollutant particles, such as PM2.5, tiny allergens such as dust mite secretions, and so on. Given all this, a HEPA air filter in the apartment is necessary; without it, the entire cleaning system will be incomplete. We have already described in detail the technology of their work in this article.
• AK filter, it is also an adsorption-catalytic filter. If, in addition to dust, allergens and harmful particles, you want to protect yourself from unpleasant odors, then the air purification system in the apartment must necessarily include such a filter. Inside the filter there is a special material that literally “draws” gas molecules into itself and securely locks them inside. Some manufacturers make variations of the AK filter, such as standard and enhanced, if the odor sources are very strong or too close to the room. The same functions are performed by carbon and photocatalytic filters.

The best air purifier for an apartment, of course, will contain both filters to clean the air from dust, as well as protection from allergens, harmful particles and unpleasant odors. Most often, the disadvantages of such devices are energy consumption and noise level. In fact, a high-quality air purifier consumes no more energy than other household appliances (and often many times less than them), and the noise that the gadget creates is aerodynamic, caused by the passage of air through the filter system. However, with the help of new technologies and materials, some models got rid of this noise and now they work so quietly that sometimes questions arise whether the device is turned on at all 🙂

Who is in what much: additional features in air purifiers

When choosing which air purifier is best for the home, people usually pay attention not only to the number of filters, but also to additional features. Let's look at the most popular of them.

Air disinfection is most often confused with air purification. It represents the destruction of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms, and, perhaps, this function should be considered separately. Air disinfection is most relevant in the field of medicine, but it can also be very useful in everyday life. Even the highest quality home air filter can capture harmful microorganisms, but does not destroy them. In modern air cleaners, two methods of air disinfection are most often used:

• Photocatalytic filter with UV lamp. Photocatalysis and UV radiation have been used together for a long time, allowing you to solve two problems at once - unpleasant odors and the destruction of microorganisms. Unfortunately, the age of this technology has also become its main problem - now many viruses and bacteria are already resistant to UV radiation, and such radiation itself is not always safe for humans. We have already considered UV lamps and their scope in detail in another article, now it makes no sense to retell the whole history of this issue. If you are using an air purifier with a UV lamp, follow the instructions for use carefully.
• inactivation of microorganisms. Modern technology, which deprives all pathogens of the ability to reproduce, inactivating them with ozone produced inside the device. Thus, the purifier and air decontaminator complement each other: HEPA filters trap pests, and the decontamination system immediately inactivates them, leaving the air purifier itself sterile. At the same time, filters are provided for the decomposition of the ozone created in the device, so that additional ozonation does not occur in the room. Now inactivation is implemented only in a few models, for example, in the air Tion, but we believe that the future belongs to this technology and soon it will be used to protect your health in every home.

Also, if we talk about multifunctional gadgets with air purification, we cannot fail to mention. These devices provide a constant supply of fresh air with closed windows, cleaning it in three levels of filtration - protection from coarse dust, thorough cleaning of the smallest harmful particles and allergens with a HEPA filter of at least H11 class, retention of molecules of harmful gases and unpleasant odors. In addition, the breather heats the air to the selected temperature and automatically maintains it. The most advanced models are connected to the MagicAir smart microclimate system and automatically regulate the supply of fresh air in the house. In addition, there are models with a recirculation mode, in which there is a quiet cleaning and heating of the air that is already in the room, that is, one device immediately performs the functions