What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

There are many negative points that a summer resident has to face. Either the land is not fertile and the plants do not want to grow, then the summer drought destroys the entire crop, then pests and diseases haunt you.

Someone's plot is steep slope and it takes a lot of time and effort to turn it into a comfortable and beautiful place. No less important issue flooding stands.

Only by carrying out activities aimed at draining the suburban area, you can get rid of this trouble. Today we will consider what needs to be done for this in order to forget about excess moisture for a long time.

How to dry the area with your own hands? Basic ways

The degree of waterloggedness of the site is different and can be caused by various factors. For example, there is a case when excess moisture is largely due to the relief and type of soil. Those. water cannot leave the site along a natural slope. Then it is necessary to create this bias artificially, planning the territory. If necessary, lift up the earth, fill in the recesses.

It happens that water costs only because you have heavy clay soil... In this case, if it is not possible to make a bedding, it is necessary to arrange drainage. With its help, you can drain the swamp on the site. To get the job done gasket drainage system , you will need some knowledge, competent calculation, accurate planning.

There are many companies that, for a fee, will perform not only the calculation, but also all earth and installation work... An alternative option is to do everything yourself, having previously studied all the necessary information.

Moreover, water from the drainage system can flow into the reservoir, which is arranged at the lowest point of the dacha. The purpose of the reservoir can be anything: for irrigation, a decorative structure with plants, etc.

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Almost all methods of draining a garden plot are to drain water from the territory.... It's just fine if the water has somewhere to leave the site, but it so happens that in relation to the surrounding area, the dacha is located lower, or there are any structures (buildings, fence, etc.) on the way of the running water. In this case, the water must be collected centrally. This can usually be done by constructing a system of canals and ditches.

It should be understood that water must also leave the ditch, which is determined on the spot, depending on the location of neighboring areas. Dig it up in the lowest place.

If the site is more or less level and has a clearly directed slope, then the ditch is placed along the fence in a low place, and it should have a width of about 50 cm and a depth of at least 1 m, a length of 2-3 m. The excavated soil in no case should be taken out, it is better to distribute it in the country at the lowest places.

Then, during the year, the ditch must be gradually filled with various construction and other solid waste (broken brick, stones, broken glass). It is laid quite tightly, and when the ditch is filled to the lower boundary of the fertile land, a similar ditch is dug next to it, which will be a continuation of the old one.

The removed plant soil from the new ditch is placed in the old one. By doing so, you will get a good drainage system around the perimeter of the site. You may be wondering why make a ditch (drainage) in the highest place? You don't have to, but if another one located higher adjoins your site on this side, then there is a point in such a closed ditch, because it will intercept water from the neighbors, not allowing it to flow through the entire cottage.

As you can see, in order to properly drain the wetland, you need to combine several methods with each other. This includes bedding, drainage, and the construction of ditches and canals. Another additional method, which is called biological, is to use moisture-loving plants, which will absorb some of the moisture.

As a result of climatic changes or an increase in the level of groundwater, flooding or waterlogging of the land occurs. There are several methods for draining a swamp at a summer cottage. As a result of such work, in a very small area, the violation of the ecological balance is reduced to zero, so the question of whether it is necessary to drain the swamp on your site is not worth it.

1. The open method consists in laying network channels along the site. Conventional and gross channels are interconnected and looped into the main channel. The central main canal plays the main role of a drainage system and leads to a water intake outside the site.
2. The closed method consists in laying a drainage system. Such work requires correct layout and slopes, for the drainage system, cast iron, asbestos or plastic pipes... Now they produce plastic corrugated pipes with geotextile winding of different diameters.
3. The combined method combines the first two and is very popular in summer cottages. Waterlogging can be facilitated by dense clayey soils. In such cases, it is possible to sample the heavy soil down to the groundwater level and make a fill-up area of ​​loose soil of a suitable composition.
4. There are other non-standard methods for solving this problem. You can completely select heavy soil and cover the place with fertile soil. If you are not interested in agriculture, then by deepening the wetland, you can create an artificial lake.

Preparatory work and open method of drainage of the wetland

Which method of draining the swamp is suitable for your site can only be said after finding out the reasons for the swamping. For this, a study is carried out on a site in a swamp. Soil samples are taken, the groundwater level is established, the direction of flow along the ground layers and the lower point of the relief.

1. As a result of research by the geological and geodetic service, you should receive a three-dimensional plan of the site and have a clear idea of ​​the direction of movement and the depth of groundwater. Determine a site for a sump outside the wetland. It should be located at the lowest point and with sufficient depth.
2. For the middle section, a well with a diameter of about a meter is suitable. It digs or drills down to groundwater. The bottom is covered with rubble, from 30 cm to half a meter thick. Walls can be strengthened brickwork or stacked concrete pipes of the appropriate diameter. You can also equip an artificial reservoir in the lowest current of the summer cottage, and use the collected water to irrigate the site.
3. From the well, draw a straight line to the highest point of the land. The main trench for water drainage will run along it. For a moderately swampy area, a 50x75 cm trench may be suitable, the bottom of which is covered by 5-10 cm with a mixture of sand and gravel and is well rammed. Trench walls can also be reinforced with brickwork or materials at hand. For example: trimming boards, sheet metal or slate and fixing them along the walls of the trench with stakes. The slope from the top point of the trench to the bottom - the place where the drainage trench is drained into the well should be 25 ° - 30 °.
4. Perpendicular ditches are made less deep and especially not strengthened. Depending on the state of boggy, they can be deepened, expanded and new ones added. All side ditches converge towards the center trench with a slope. The less water on the site, the more difficult it is for it to leave. Therefore, the ditches must be periodically cleaned and deepened.

Hidden drainage systems to drain swampy soil

Drains are special pipes for draining wetlands. Up to 50% of the top of the pipe is covered with water inlet holes. The holes are equipped with mesh filters, or they are wrapped with geotextile fabric to prevent flooding and clogging of drainage pipes.

1. Pipes are used in different diameters and materials. Of the new products, there are corrugated pipes that have the ability to conform to relief contours and have smooth inner surfaces. Concrete, asbestos, plastic and other pipes of a suitable diameter are also used. Holes can be drilled in such pipes yourself, and it is not difficult to stick mesh filters on waterproof silicone.
2. In accordance with the 3D plan, the trenches are being cut off. A central line is being laid, as deep as possible with an optimal slope within 30 ° and a pipe diameter from 100 to 150 mm. Radial and perpendicular elbows, with pipe diameters of 50 - 75 mm or up to an inch and a half, are looped into the main pipe.
3. A trench with dimensions of 50x100 cm is pre-filled with a sand-crushed stone mixture and is well rammed. Hexotextile is laid, stacked drainage pipes, the space is covered with rubble and covered with a hexotextile fabric. The trench is covered with fertile soil.

Combined drainage systems and non-standard swamp drainage methods

The third method - combined, consists in combining the first two methods of draining swamps. Most often, this method is used in summer cottages.

1. As a rule, the main central route is made underground - the main drainage pipe is laid, into which excess water flows through the ditches. The technology of installation and laying of the drainage pipe is standard. The supply of sewage ditches is described above in the paragraph on the open method of groundwater drainage when a land plot is swamped.
2. Heavy and clayey soils often cause swamps on the site. A radical and effective method for solving this problem is to remove the clay soil. In the designated area, loamy rock is removed to the groundwater horizon. The bottom of the dug pit is covered with sand and crushed stone, rammed in order to serve as drainage in the future.
3. The question of what to fill the swamp on the site depends on what you are going to grow on it. Dense and oily chernozems can be diluted with peat mixtures or calcium sands. Fruit trees grow poorly on waterlogged soils, so pick up moisture-loving shrubs or melons.

The original method of eliminating the swamp on the site would be to transform it into artificial pond... It is only required to deepen the territory, strengthen the shores of the artificial lake and improve the surrounding area. Moisture-loving weeping willows, ferns, irga, hawthorn or Amur lilac will look beautiful along the banks. Tables and benches will complement the cozy natural corner. For perfect harmony, you can turn to landscape design specialists.

"Fifteen
years ago I started to master
inherited land in a peat bog. It turned out to be not easy
(I had to study the relevant literature) and very laborious. I'll tell you how
drain the swamp at their summer cottage. Maybe the experience I have accumulated for someone
will come in handy. " Here is a letter sent to our website by Gennady Veselov from
Leningrad region. Here is his story.

Peat-boggy soils are cultivated in our country a little. Together with
so, they can bring good harvests. Naturally when due
processed. The disadvantages of a summer cottage on a peat bog are known. it
saturation of methane gas in the soil and lack of oxygen, as well as
proximity to the surface of groundwater. Therefore, to the question, a plot on a peat bog - what to do, the answer is with
the right decision the problem is simple: enriching the soil with oxygen, getting rid of
methane and lowering the level of groundwater.

How
drain the swamp in the country, where to start? I had my first summer digging drainage
ditches 50 cm wide and 70 to 140 cm deep.
1 cm per one running meter. At the bottom of the ditches he laid brushwood. Branches covered
old roofing material, which remained with me after the roof was re-paved. On
roofing felt laid dry grass, which
mowed until the seeds appeared, so that country cottage area not overgrown with weeds. This herb
covered with chopped dry peat, and laid the excavated soil on top, so that
it turned out to be a small hill. After its sedimentation, bedding was almost not required.
The device of such drainage ditches at the summer cottage made it possible to make the land more
loose, get rid of the methane gas and lower the water table.

How to drain a swamp to make beds in a summer cottage
plot.

Peat is known to be a source of nitrogen required for plant development. But
as long as it lies in a compressed layer, there is no benefit from it. However, it was worth
dig up and grind it, as, after taking a breath of oxygen, bacteria started working,
turning peat into land suitable for planting. Of course, here it was necessary
work hard. Indeed, in order to get good harvests, at their summer cottage
it is not enough to drain the swamp. Necessary
was to add clay, sawdust from a cow farm and sand to the soil. The first few
years we had to feed our peat bog also with mineral fertilizers with additives
microelements.

Peat
retains moisture well and is an excellent mulch. Its top layer (3-5 cm)
must be kept dry. This will save your garden from pests and diseases, and your garden from
tedious weeding. Besides, peat soils freeze and thaw
slowly and do not freeze deep. Therefore, in our beds in place of drained
The swamps of the plant never froze, even with little snow and frosty winters.

Thus, having drained the swamp at their summer cottage, I managed
in a few years to create fertile soil here, which is suitable for
growing most crops. Moreover, by ennobling
plot, planted on it plums, apple trees, cherries, pears, sea buckthorn and black chokeberry
mountain ash, which began to give bountiful harvests. So garden plot on
peat bog - this is quite feasible. You just need to put your hands on it.

Swampy soil on the site is a problem for its owners. When buying a plot, you can determine the excess moisture by the presence of reeds, sedges, rushes. Subsequently, the owners are faced with unpleasant fumes, mosquitoes, poor growth garden plants... Plants disappear due to insufficient oxygen access to the roots, their decay, exposure to toxic products (nitrates, acids, aluminum salts) formed in swampy ground.

It is costly to build a house on swampy land. We have to build a deep pile foundation.

All these troubles can be eliminated when draining the territory. There is a solution to the problem, and you can try to get rid of excess moisture yourself. The key to success is understanding the nature of the wetland area.

Different situations, different solutions

It is sometimes difficult for a specialist to determine the cause of the formation of a swamp. In this situation, it is important to familiarize yourself with the surroundings, inspect the lands of neighbors. Excessive soil moisture usually has two main reasons:

1. Placing the allotment in the bottom of the reservoir, which leads to the location of groundwater quite close to the surface. This reason is rarely confirmed, since few people dare to consciously purchase land in the swamp.
2. Disruption of natural water flow as a result of heavy rainfall. This problem is associated with several factors - the location of the site below the neighboring ones (water constantly flows to it after rains), the location close to the surface of a layer of viscous clay, or the presence of a source feeding the swamp.

In each case there is a solution to the problem, tested by more than one generation of farmers. An analysis of the situation on the site will allow you to decide which of the drainage methods to use.

High groundwater table

Take away superficially located groundwater("Top water") will allow closed type drainage, performed at a sufficient depth. Such drainage is installed along the perimeter of the site, as well as throughout its territory. With abundant waters, when drainage into the deep layers of the soil does not lead to a result, a drainage well and a pump are needed that can constantly pump out water and drain it outside the territory.

Clay soil

Soil with a high clay content does not allow moisture to pass through well, and the ground remains damp for a long time after rain and melting snow. If at the same time the land plot is inclined, the inflow water goes from above the surface of the earth. The optimal solution in such a situation is the use of filling and open ditches for the accumulation and removal of moisture into the depths of the earth.

The organization of closed drainage is not so effective, and the formation of a filtration layer to the surface of the earth is far from always justified.

Marshland

An optimal but very costly solution is to raise the ground level and make a drainage ditch along the perimeter. Before draining the site, it is important to consider plans for the use of the area and determine the depth of the drainage. With seasonal waterlogging of the area, you can dig a ditch in the lowest part of the site. In addition to it, you must complete open drainage channels located often throughout the territory. The sloping area should be protected from slipping of the ground by plants or geomats.

The location of the allotment in the lowlands

Waterlogging can be dealt with using a pump and a drainage well. If it is appropriate and possible, the problem will be solved by a reservoir in the lowest part of the allotment and a closed drainage performed over its entire area. Drainage must be carried out to a state in which the destruction of the foundations of buildings will not occur, and it will be possible for plants to develop.

Learn more about dehumidification methods

Allotment of land can be drained different ways reclamation. Before choosing the right one, you should consider the following factors:

• water resistance of the soil, its composition;
• direction and level of groundwater location;
• buildings in the garden;
• the height by which you want to lower the groundwater level.

To raise the level of the surface of the allotment will allow the delivery of fresh fertile soil. If the land is plowed, it will mix with the viscous and dense swampy soil, and there will be an opportunity to grow crops in the garden. The land cultivated in this way does not require fertilization for the next several years. However, the swamp is a stable ecosystem, so it cannot be ruled out that it will return to its original form over time.

Sand application

If you add sand in the same proportion to the soil of the site, the quality of the land improves and air exchange is enhanced. With the additional introduction of humus, it is possible to cultivate vegetables, berries, greens on the ground. Adding sand to swampy soil creates more efficient reclamation methods. The method is effective on its own if applied on clay soils with a slight excess of surface water.

Drainage

Arranging a drainage system is the most effective way to drain surface waters for a long time. To create it, plastic pipes with small diameter holes in the walls are used. First, it is necessary to wrap pipes with holes with geotextiles in 1-3 layers, depending on the size of the soil particles. They are placed in pre-prepared channels to the following depth:

• for clay soils - 65-75cm;
• for loams - 70-90cm;
• for sandy areas - up to 1m.

Open and closed ditches

Open drainage ditches will remove excess water from the soil surface. They are made with beveled edges at an angle of 20 degrees. The disadvantage of this method is rapid shedding, pollution of the outflow with leaves, debris, stagnant water. Such drainage structures should be regularly cleaned with a shovel. Open drainage ditches are not used in areas with sandy soil, as the sand is quickly washed away and drainage becomes ineffective. It is convenient to place an open drainage ditch on an area along the fence, where it does not interfere with anyone.

Closed drainage ditches - deeply dug trenches covered with sand and disguised as garden paths... They have an aesthetic appearance, the soil in them does not collapse, the water inside does not bloom.

For the system to function properly, dug trenches are taken into a well or dug up to a layer of sand that will absorb moisture. If the channels become clogged, it will be difficult to clean with primer.

Raised beds

When planning to cultivate greens, vegetables, strawberries, owners of waterlogged plots are building high beds. Excess moisture is collected between the beds, and areas of land with crops become drier. With the right approach, it is possible to grow crops even in areas with excess water. This is convinced by the photos of vegetable gardens in Holland, shrouded in a network of canals. Such conditions allow you to grow anything you want.

Digging a pond or well

The decorative pond will collect excess moisture and allow it to gradually evaporate. In this case, the territory of the garden will become noticeably drier, and the pond itself will decorate the landscape. The effectiveness of this method is convinced by a clear example - the Cross Canal, built for the same purpose in the park of Versailles.

Wells are as efficient as ditches. To create them, holes are dug at the lowest points of the site, which are covered with rubble or sand. Their diameter in the lower part is half a meter, in the upper part - two meters, and their length is about one meter. After rain or melting snow, excess moisture gradually flows into them.

Planting moisture-loving trees

Moisture-loving trees help rid the boggy garden of excess water. Weeping willows, alder and birches feel good here. Such trees evaporate excess liquid through the leaves. Willows and birches dry out wetlands, but it will take several years for sufficient drainage. You can also cultivate cranberries, blueberries, viburnum. When the territory becomes drier, you should move on to growing your favorite plants.

Usually, reeds and sedges grow in swampy areas. To combat them, you should drain the area in a suitable way, for example, by draining excess moisture into the nearest stream. These plants have a powerful root system, and only by removing it, you can avoid new growth for a certain time. To do this, you will have to dig deep holes with your own hands, remove each root, and lay roofing material on the bottom of the holes. Reed seeds spread well and if the ground stays wet the problem will return.

Extreme measures

If none of the aforementioned reclamation methods gave the desired result, or you don't want to wait, you can invite specialists. With powerful pumps, they quickly pump out unnecessary moisture, and the effect will be visible within a day. However, this is an expensive service, and the problem of waterlogging may return over time.

When it was not possible to win in the struggle for dry soil, one can put up with it and beat the excessive moisture of the earth. To do this, you can equip a pond by surrounding it with plants that are demanding on moisture.

In humid conditions, blueberries, viburnum, cranberries, marsh iris, mint, buttercups, thuja, heather grow well. A good addition will be girlish grapes, lush ferns, calla lilies, some varieties of orchid plants.

There are many methods of dealing with excess moisture in the garden. However, when none of them helped, you have to reconcile and create your own corner of nature. The owner of a swampy allotment can successfully not only grow garden crops and flowers, but also build a house. There are many proven solutions for this.

Soil preparation on the territory consists of several stages, one of which is the draining of the swampy area. Drainage or drainage is carried out in order to regulate the water regime in a place that is flooded with water due to high groundwater flowing.

In order to drain the moistened area of ​​the land, in addition to the drainage system, a well is arranged to collect water.

It is not uncommon for the site to be located in a lowland, then it becomes necessary to drain excess water accumulated after floods or heavy rains.

Features of the drainage system

Swamp as a drained area suitable for further exploitation, in rare cases equipped with drainage ditches. This method can be used if the swamp is located in low-lying or straight areas where it is impossible to lay drainage pipes due to the lack of slope.

Drainage system diagram.

In a swampy flat area, a channel is dug at the foot of the hill to lower the water level. Drainage can be done independently by digging channels 1-1.5 m deep.To strengthen the walls and prevent them from shedding, they are laid cement screed or do them at an inclination of 30 ° if the work is to be done on clay buds. Channels require regular cleaning to prevent stagnant water flow.

The solution for underground pipes looks more aesthetically appealing. Modern construction market offers plastic and concrete pipes, which are laid in trenches.

Plastic pipes, due to their flexibility, are more popular and more frequent in use. The joints of the individual elements are not welded, leaving small holes so that water can seep into the ground.

The pipe for removing moisture must have a diameter of at least 8 cm for side outlets, 10 cm for the main one.

The side pipes are laid at a frequency of 1-5 m to the main pipe if the work is carried out on loamy soil, and 7 m for the sandy area, 10-12 m between the side pipes.

They connect to the central tube at a 70 ° angle. This slope in the section is capable of providing free flow to the central pipe.

Most optimal size for a trench, it is 0.5 m wide and 1 m deep. When digging a ditch, the upper soil is set aside, since it is a fertile layer that can be used later. After laying the system, the top layer is poured into place at a slope to ensure the angle of moisture inflow.

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The process of building a drainage system

Drainage system diagram.

Drainage is equipped with ditch digging. The slope of the ditch bottom is determined using a building level, beacons and a rail. Before proceeding with the laying of pipes, the bottom is shaped into a tray by tamping and smoothing. Wrinkled, oily clay works best for this task.

After completing this stage of work, the bottom of the ditch on the site is covered by 5-7 cm with broken brick or gravel. The collection of the structure from the pipes, as well as their laying, is carried out from the central pipe. Pottery type pipes are equipped with holes. If you plan to use asbestos-cement pipes, you must independently make cuts about 1/3 of the diameter and 1 cm wide. The width between the cuts is 10-15 cm. The pipes are laid on the site with the cuts up. Experts recommend filling the structure with a layer of gravel from above so that the pipe is in the sleeve. At the final stage, the soil is poured on top, having previously covered the joints of the pipes in order to avoid clogging.

If there is an underground water drainage system on the site, pay attention to the depth of tillage during cultivation in order to avoid damage to the system and waterlogging of the site.

If there are places on the site where it is impossible to carry out drainage by the method of open ditches or underground drainage with pipes, a brick drainage is constructed. Drainage made of bricks consists of channels with a cross section of 12x12 cm. The bottom of such channels is covered with oily clay. To do this, a trench is dug along the site up to a meter deep with direction to the well. Up to half of the trench is filled with bricks or gravel and backfilled with soil. As a result of such actions, you get a ditch filled with a porous material that allows water to pass through, moving it towards the well.