What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Everyone knows the phrase of one famous hero - "A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation!" For many car owners appearance his "iron friend" is an expression of his own individuality. Someone needs a solid, someone elegant and even aggressive. However, any exterior of a car loses all meaning if it does not have the main advantage - excellent engine characteristics, ease of control.

All this can be achieved by tuning (tuning) the engine. These works are in high demand.

The produced serial engine on the car is designed for a decent margin of safety and is designed to preserve the engine's resource. And the majority of car owners do not need maximum performance when driving on comfortable paved roads every day. There are two main tuning techniques to increase the engine power - by constructive modifications and reconfiguring the electronics. Let's figure it out in more detail. These are just two technical ways.

What is chip tuning and what does it give

Chip tuning is tuning or reconfiguring engine electronics.

Chip tuning is performed to improve the following engine characteristics - improve the cooling fan performance, stabilize the cold start and idle modes. Professional programs, purposefully written, improve about fifty operating parameters of the engine.

This tuning method is designed for most modern engines controlled by an electronic unit, designed to maximize resource savings, minimum fuel consumption and low emissions. He, as conceived by the manufacturer, is not set up to get the maximum. Replacing the engine control program is the task of reconfiguring this block.

Thus, the solution to this problem is to reprogram this electronic microcircuit containing this program. And this replaced program should take into account a lot of features, and most importantly - the capabilities of this engine model.

Such tuning is a very important task. Programs written by amateurs are simply dangerous to use - after all optimal combination interaction of technical factors can only be performed by a professional. Therefore, such chip tuning by car manufacturers, as a rule, is carried out for a fee. It is with the manufacturer that such tuning will be the safest for each specific engine model.

It should be understood that as a result of the chip tuning performed, both a decrease in the resource and an increase in fuel consumption will occur to one extent or another, from one liter or more for every 100 km of track. In addition to the fact that the engine will start to work at increased revs (this is the reason for the increase in power), the very possibility of pressing the pedal provokes a high-speed driving style. It should also be understood that the requirements for the brand of fuel may also increase. However, with the help of chip tuning, you can moderate your appetite, but as a rule, the most economical settings are set at the factory.

On turbo-charged engines, chip tuning has the greatest effect, since the program will be able to control the timing of the turbo-boost activation more optimally, as well as the maximum pressure value. This factor gives an increase in power up to 30%, and torque - up to 40%.

How to do chip tuning with your own hands

First of all, we must warn you that doing chip tuning with your own hands is a very risky undertaking, but if you are confident in your abilities and that you can figure it out, then why not give it a try. As a last resort, it will be possible to give the car to the service so that everything can be restored there.

In addition, it should also be said that the expediency of do-it-yourself chip tuning is only if you have available necessary equipment and software or if you know where all this can be borrowed. The software can be downloaded free of charge, but in this case you yourself understand - no one will give guarantees that everything will work.

Buying everything you need for chip tuning is unprofitable, since it will be more expensive than doing this procedure in a car service. Therefore, before deciding to make your own chip tuning, you should still think carefully, do you need it?

Procedure

If, nevertheless, you decided that it was necessary, and the spirit of Kulibin prevailed over you, then this is what should be done ...

1. Explore up and down specialized forums dedicated to chip tuning with your own hands, for example, this one: auto-bk.ru/forum/. Be sure to find the section dedicated to your particular car model.

2. Decide what kind of software and what equipment you need.

3. Install the software on your laptop, make sure it works correctly

4. To connect the laptop to the diagnostic port of the car, a special device is used - a K-Line adapter or another, depending on the car. This device, as a rule, also requires installation on a laptop. Make sure to remove the correct device for your vehicle

5. After installing all the necessary programs and drivers, you can go directly to the chip tuning. It is better to do this procedure in the garage in order to be able to connect the laptop to an outlet.

6. Make sure the laptop is securely in place and will not move anywhere. Check that all connections are secure (to the vehicle diagnostic port and to the laptop) so that none of the wires jump out during the calibration program.

7. Turn on the ignition

8. After that, you can start the engine calibration program in accordance with the instructions for it. After that, it remains only to wait for the end of the program. This may take about 20 minutes.

9. When the program finishes its work, turn off the ignition and leave the car alone for 5 minutes. At this time, you can turn off the equipment.

10. After 5 minutes you can start the engine and enjoy the result. You have made a chip tuning with your own hands!

If some malfunction occurs during the procedure, then you need to turn off the ignition, wait 5 minutes. Then turn on the ignition and repeat the procedure again. But it is better to do everything possible so that there are no failures. To do this, use only proven software.

In addition, you need to know that chip tuning can be done by replacing standard elements with ready-made tuning ones, or by adding some special devices. But this is already for each individual car purely individually and on the chip tuning forums you will find this information without difficulty.

Chip tuning video

In this video, the price of chip tuning is one million rubles, but it comes about Belarusian rubles, which is approximately 3500 Russian rubles.

In conclusion, it remains only to say that chip tuning is most effective on engines that, by their characteristics, allow at least to change something. If we take, for example, the engine of the VAZ nine, which produces 81 hp, then it is hardly possible to achieve any tangible results. To see this, watch this video:

© A. Pakhomov (aka IS_18)

This sacramental question arises before anyone who has decided to devote himself to auto repair, car diagnostics and chip tuning. The question is complex enough. Let's try to tell you what is needed for this.

Diagnostician

The main requirements for a candidate for autodiagnostics are the desire, ability and ability to self-study, sufficient (ideally - deep) knowledge of the theory of internal combustion engines, the ability to understand electrical equipment, freely read electrical circuits, the ability to use a computer, electronic databases and other reference literature, diagnostic devices, equipment , instruments. Knowledge of electronics and "ability to solder" are encouraged.

You must clearly understand the specifics of this "industry": in a car where everything is interconnected, you cannot limit yourself to one thing, sometimes many malfunctions are not directly related to the injection system. The diagnostician must know the engine perfectly from the inside, be a good auto electrician, know the injection systems of both modern and earlier versions. In this profession, as in many others, there is not a lot of knowledge. Not the last place is taken by the ability to accumulate and apply the experience gained.

Suppose you have all this (fantastic!), Now you need to make the necessary set of equipment. Of course, it is quite difficult to acquire everything at once, but gradually you yourself will come to the conclusion that without good tool- not life 🙂

Education

Where can you learn the profession of autodianost? Unfortunately, practically nowhere. Numerous courses are usually organized for profit, not real learning. The result is almost the same as learning to drive a car in a driving school, the goal is to get a license, and then natural selection. Our site can offer you "correspondence" training in the basics of autodiagnostics - unique, unparalleled, video courses for beginners "Car diagnostics training". .

Equipment

What equipment is needed at the diagnostic site? Let's try to answer this question.

I will make a reservation right away that I do not consider the methods of diagnostics by ear and by eye to be acceptable in modern conditions. Without belittling the role of a person in the diagnostic process, on the contrary, considering a specialist a key link, without which, in principle, it is impossible to achieve any noticeable result, I still continue to consider high-quality equipment of the site with equipment to be absolutely necessary.

There are three reasons for this. First, it's the 21st century. The age of electronics, computers and other smart systems. And diagnostics of an internal combustion engine by old-fashioned methods based on human senses and intuition look simply curious today.
Secondly, the discernment of car service consumers has recently become much higher. Everything appears more people willing to pay money for a quality professional repair. And this is a fair requirement of the times and the economic situation. Thirdly. The success of the diagnostic section cannot and should not depend on the subjective perception of the situation by the diagnostician. Man is at the same time the strongest and weakest link in any process. He might be tired or hungover, he might be sick, or he might just be on vacation. Another should take the place of the absent one and continue the same work. And if the first one feels the composition of the mixture by smell, then what should the second one do if there is no gas analyzer ?! Once again, I will make a reservation: I consider a specialist with his knowledge and intuition to be the most important link, but I also attach due importance to the role of diagnostic equipment in the production process.

So, we are completing the diagnostics section. First of all, you should know that of all types of diagnostic devices, three main groups can be distinguished. These groups are the backbone of the basics, without which competent troubleshooting turns into a dull process based on the method of spoofing. And if this method still works on domestic cars, then when working with foreign cars it is impossible by definition. It is absolutely necessary to have at least one representative of these three groups at the diagnostic site. Let's call them:

1 . Scanners
2. Motortesters.
3. Gas analyzers.

Let's consider each in more detail.

Scanners

The control system of a modern engine that meets strict toxicity standards contains an electronic control unit (ECU) as its main element. So the scanner is designed specifically to work with the ECU, to "scan" it. Let us recall the scheme according to which the block functions. It receives information about the current state of the engine from the last installed sensors, processes it in accordance with the set program and issues control signals to the so-called actuators (MI)... In addition, the ECU is endowed with the ability to detect malfunctions in the control system. And since the scanner works with a block, it allows us to:

1 . Observe the signals from the sensors of the system, monitor their change over time.
2. Check the operation of the actuators by activating them and visual or other control.
3. Read the fault codes stored by the system.
4 . View the identification data of the ECU, system, etc.

It should be clearly understood that the scanner readings are what the ECU "sees".
These are by no means true values of voltages or other parameters. If for some reason (for example, bad "mass") the sensor is lying, then on the screen of the scanner we will see this very lie. By the way, about the masses is useful. In other words, the scanner is not a measuring device. It just displays data from the ECU, you need to understand this and treat the information received accordingly. Similarly, you should be careful with the read out trouble codes. These codes are not a guide to replacement, but only food for further thought and search. Example: oxygen sensor error, rich mixture. Change? Not on your nelly. We must look for the cause of the rich (poor) mixture. And the error "Broken knock sensor" on Bosch systems has already become legendary. As for the varieties of scanners, there are basically two of them: portable and programmatic working in conjunction with a personal computer. Both types have their advantages and disadvantages. It is up to you to choose. Detailed information about a specific device can be found on the website of the developer company. For the software scanner to work, you will need:

A computer. Better not very powerful, but a laptop (PIII-600 and higher). A prerequisite is the presence of a COM port or a PCMCI-COM adapter on the laptop (At this stage, this is the main connector for interfacing with diagnostic equipment). In the light of the development of software products from SMS-Software, it will soon be desirable, but not necessary, to have it on the computer.
Adapter K ‑ Line (K ‑ L-Line) with a set of wires and connectors.
Diagnostic software. Here the choice is yours, I can recommend an inexpensive program SMS-Diagnostic- testing of all modern ECM VAZ / GAZ. This is the first domestic development that works directly via USB, is actively developing and constantly acquires new opportunities.

It should be added that the exchange protocols between the scanner and the ECU are different for different automakers, therefore, if you are dealing with foreign cars, you will have to buy several scanners or one universal one, but you will have to pay for the versatility with the lower capabilities of the device.

Motortesters

This is a completely different type of diagnostic equipment. A motor tester is just a measuring device. The information provided by them is taken directly from the engine and allows you to find malfunctions that are inaccessible to the scanner. These are the forms of voltage and currents sensors and executive mechanisms, these are oscillograms high voltage, and oscillograms of pressure in cylinders, fuel pressure, and the ability to check the balance of cylinders, measure the starting current, UOZ and much more. Let's take a closer look at this.

Another very informative graph provided by the motor tester is cylinder pressure when the engine is running. For this, the spark plug tip of the cylinder of interest is connected to the spark gap, the spark plug is turned inside out, and a pressure sensor is installed in its place. The graph obtained as a result of measurements allows us to conclude:

1 . About the correct timing of the timing (not only the belt. For example, broken crankshaft and camshaft keys, crankshaft pulley).
2. On the condition of the cylinder-piston group and valves.
3. The presence of air leaks into the intake tract.
4 . High back pressure of the exhaust system (broken catalyst, internal destruction of the muffler).
5 . About the real ignition timing.

Agree, the list is impressive. Just the correct installation of the phases is worth it. This operation is done manually for a long time and is difficult, and with the help of a motor tester, everything is solved without effort in within five minutes.

With the same help, you can determine whether there is an open or inter-turn short circuit of the nozzles. You can measure the starting current and draw a conclusion about the condition of the battery and starter. The shape of the oscillograms of the generator voltage allows us to conclude about its "health". How to do it - .

Motortester allows you to check the performance of the sensors. Example. Mass air flow sensor (DMRV). We remove the oscillogram of the signal from the sensor when it is turned on. According to the form of the transient process, it is possible immediately, without starting the engine, to draw a conclusion about its performance.

Is that impressive? If you are convinced of the need to purchase such a device, it remains to choose a specific model. Unfortunately, of the three types mentioned above, the motortester is the most expensive pleasure. The choice of firms and models is quite large. In terms of price / quality ratio, I would advise you to pay attention to the products Quantex Laboratory... There you will also find training videos and a forum for using this device.

Gas analyzers

Here I will say the only thing - at the modern diagnostic site, there should be only a four-component gas analyzer. Two-piece appliances, like carburetors, are history. And one more thing - the gas analyzer is not used to "adjust CO", but as a source of diagnostic information. How to use this information is described quite clearly.

Brief summary

All three types of devices described have a completely different principle of operation, give us different information and in no case replace each other. Yes, somewhere the data obtained with their help overlap, but somewhere they are unique for each. In principle, you can do without any of these devices, but there are "specialists" who generally manage with one screwdriver. It's not about that. The point is that a competent search for a defect is based on the analysis of information. On measurements, from which, as you know, science begins.

The rest of the equipment is mainly of an auxiliary nature, although its presence is more than desirable. It:

Fuel pressure gauge. Read about him.
Installation for cleaning injectors. Ultrasonic with pouring stand (very useful thing) or liquid.
Stands for testing spark plugs, ignition modules.
High-quality ampere-voltmeter (multimeter), preferably not made in China.
Good set tool. Preferably branded.
All kinds of probes, tricky devices made by the master "for themselves" and on one's own .

Chip - are we going to be engaged in tuning?

Then one more item of expenses:

ECU programmer with flash memory (January 5 .xx, January 7 .2, Mikas 7 .x, Bosch MP7, Bosch M7 .9 .7). For a start, you can use a simple, free one. They can be downloaded on the corresponding section of the site. To purchase commercial option almost all come after a while, upon reaching a certain level and / or having accumulated a certain number of "bounces" and lost clients.
ROM programmer(January 4, GM, Mikas 5, Bosch M154) and, of course, a set of EPROMs and sockets (you shouldn't save on sockets - take collet ones). We recommend using Winbond 27 C257 (32 Kb) and 27 C512 / 27 E512 (64 Kb) electrically erasable ROMs.
UV lamp for erasing erasable erasables with UV erasing if you decide not to follow the advice above 🙂
Soldering equipment - soldering iron, suction, etc. (ideally - Soldering Station).
The last three points can be regarded as secondary - these types of ECUs are already rare. Since 2003, they have ceased to be installed on cars altogether. But this equipment can come in handy when tuning most foreign cars of the early / mid 90s of the last century.
A set of firmware for all types of ECM - depending on the level:
a) free b) commercial c) own developments.
For the advanced - program for changing calibrations for fine-tuning the program for a specific client, and just for creativity.
Engineering block- for professionals, for calibration directly "on the go".
ShDK controller- for owners of the engineering unit, to control the composition of the mixture. At worst, a simple one will go alphameter, but it strongly distorts the readings on mixture compositions that are very different from stoichiometric.

Do not forget that you must have all the necessary locksmith tools as much as possible. High Quality... The overwhelming majority of clients come to "rewrite the program, otherwise something does not go", and the car just needs to be repaired.

And the last thing a diagnostic site cannot do without is information. Her master should be received by everyone available ways: Internet, books, publications in automotive magazines.

How is the diagnosis done?

The work of a diagnostician consists of three stages: collecting diagnostic information, processing it, making a decision. All of the above equipment is used for collection. The process itself can be described as follows.

1 . Interviewing the client about the essence of the problem. When, how, under what circumstances the defect appears. Often, “biased interrogation” greatly facilitates further searches.

2. Visual inspection engine compartment... We carefully look for visible damage to electrical wiring, hoses, high-voltage wires. Are there any traces of outside interference, most often from the side of HBO installers and car alarms. Typical cases - the harness going to the synchronization sensor, after the engine is overhauled, turns out to be lying on the exhaust manifold, or the wires from the speed sensor are torn off when replacing the clutch. In general, serious attention should be paid to the traces of interference. It is useful to make sure that all hoses for the crankcase ventilation, adsorber, etc. are in their original places, the ECM fuses have not blown, and there is gasoline in the tank. It is highly advisable to check the condition air filter... Often it is torn, and this leads to the failure of the mass air flow sensor.

Only after all this can you start working with the devices.

3. First thing " recognize the enemy by sight", I.e. with the help of a scanner we will figure out what type of ECU and what system (Russia-83, Euro-2, Euro-3, etc.) we are dealing with. Let's recall the features of its work, its composition, as well as possible "birth defects". For example, firmware type I27, block January7 with anti-jerking, etc. Also at this stage it is necessary to measure the compression in the cylinders in order to immediately determine whether or not deeper intervention in the engine is required. With low compression or a large spread in the cylinders, a visit to a minder is necessary.

4 . We visually control the candles. The amount of carbon deposit, its color, gap, condition of electrodes, presence / absence of breakdown on the insulator. Unfortunately, experience and intuition are the only helpers in this operation.

5 . We check statically the readings of sensors and actuators using a scanner. You can move the IAC, turn on the fan and the gas pump, balance the injectors.

6. We carry out diagnostics of the power supply system by fuel pressure. How - .
If there are no complaints about the pump, pressure regulator, sensors, MI, spark plugs and static wires, we start the engine.

7. With the engine running, we check the same parameters with the scanner. Experience is also needed here, in a nutshell this process cannot be described. About diagnostics of systems with the Bosch MP7.0 unit is possible. We carefully listen to the engine for extraneous noise, knocking and hum.

eight . We fix the readings of the gas analyzer.

nine . If necessary, you can record oscillograms with a motor tester high voltage.

ten . If there is a suspicion of incorrect timing of the timing, check the pressure in the cylinder with a motor tester.

eleven . Now comes the fun part. We carefully look at the results obtained, analyze them and draw conclusions.

Sometimes, in doubtful cases, it makes sense to replace the faulty element and take readings again or make a test drive. To do this, there must be a replacement fund at the diagnostician's workplace. But in any case, you need to strive for such a degree of skill when the detection of a defect occurs only with the help of instruments and with almost one hundred percent probability. This ability will be very useful for you when diagnosing foreign cars, which are very actively transplanted by the population of our country.

Additionally:

1 .

DIY chip tuning is a fairly common phenomenon in our realities. Russian men - they are like this: just let me save money on a trip to the service station, if you can solve the problem with a friend in the garage. Although, of course, do-it-yourself chip tuning of an engine is not the easiest procedure, and if something goes wrong, there is a risk of significantly fraying your nerves and your wallet.

DIY chip tuning for beginners - the basics

Where did the concept come from - engine chip tuning? From the times when the trees were still large, the girls were prettier, and the first electronic control units (ECUs) for the engine already appeared in cars. It was then that some particularly intelligent car owners came to understand that if there are microcircuits with a processor and a controller that set certain parameters of the engine's operation, then they can be replaced ?!

The first do-it-yourself chip tuning - it really was do-it-yourself chip tuning and, in addition, a soldering iron with rosin and solders. In words, the manual is very simple: I removed one microcircuit from the board and soldered another one - with the parameters "sewn in" in advance. And voila! - the car is already going differently.

Often better, sometimes worse than it was. Then the procedure had to be repeated. Now everything has changed: do-it-yourself chip tuning has become much easier - a laptop with special software, a diagnostic connector, a programmer - and off you go! In fact, the current do-it-yourself chip tuning is the same flashing as with modern smartphones. Perhaps there is more responsibility.

How to make chip tuning of an engine with your own hands - and what will it give

It is no secret that many owners, especially those who already have some experience of driving their car, would like to slightly improve some of its characteristics. Most often, the requirements are as follows: either to improve the dynamics of the car, or reduce fuel consumption... DIY chip tuning is the easiest way to do this, and perhaps the most affordable for the average driver.

DIY chip tuning - intervention in the control electronics of the engine in order to change any characteristics - can be of varying degrees of depth: either a complete flashing or replacement of the control electronics, or a milder option: intervention in the database of the vehicle's standard on-board computer.

There are special tuning kits: for example, the German RaceChip or the Belgian Remus Powerizer promises a power increase of up to 30%, coupled with 10% fuel economy, while maintaining the usual driving style.

In fact, such chip tuning boxes, visually representing an ordinary plastic box with a "printer" connector, can be installed on any type of engine - both gasoline (atmospheric or turbocharged, not so important) and diesel. Its feature is a shallow intervention in the operation of the engine control unit, and not a classic flashing.

DIY engine chip tuning - pros and cons

The main disadvantage: with a complete flashing of the control unit, there is a risk that something will go wrong somewhere - as when reinstalling Windows, for example. But if on a regular computer it is easy to roll back the system or roll it over again, then with a car everything is a little more complicated.

In the saddest cases, you can even say goodbye to the old electronic control unit. And the technology of the chip-tuning box rather implies the addition of the information base of the on-board computer that controls the engine, with various data necessary for the operation of the motor in various modes, initially "wired" in this block.

Another plus of such chip-tuning boxes is that they are not detected by diagnosticians at the service station of the official dealers from whom the car was purchased. And, of course, this does not entail withdrawal from warranty service - which is also important, especially for owners of two-three-year-old cars with low mileage. By the way, another one important point: after installing the chip, it is necessary to drive 150-200 kilometers in order for it to be calibrated and coordinated with the ECU.

Usually, after installing the chip tuning box, the car becomes more responsive to the gas pedal, accelerates somewhat more dynamically (here it is also important to take into account the initial parameters of the engine - for example, no VAZ chip tuning with your own hands will give, for example, the dynamics of the Mitsubishi Lancer to the "top ten" or Subaru Impreza) and brings more positive emotions to the car owner.

DIY chip tuning - how it works

The engine has a computer that "tells" when to ignite a spark in the spark plugs, how much gasoline to pour into the cylinder, when the turbine to start blowing, and with what effort - all this is controlled by one small box, which can sometimes be located in completely unexpected places. DIY chip tuning allows you to change the program that is stored there, and in which all the factory values of certain parameters of the car engine operation are entered.

Everything is simple: a diagnostic connector, connection to a computer, "cream" of the old firmware and "knurling" of the new one. The essence of the current chip tuning: come to the service station to the guys with a laptop, in a car with 120 hp. and for the conditional 5,000 rubles, remove 150 hp from your engine. - and it's not magic.

The engine has various fuel maps, regulated by several parameters - they, with a certain skill, are downloaded and changed: many engines today have an extensive resource for increasing power - they are even "extinguished" for the sake of ecology.

The ignition is not set optimally - if you change the angles, make the spark ignite earlier and give more fuel from the nozzle - you can easily "add" 10-15% of the power from the atmospheric engine. If the engine is turbocharged, the algorithm of the turbine valves is changed.

As a result, it starts blowing earlier and harder, plus everything is the same with ignition and injectors - this can give up to 30% increase in power. And most importantly, without loss of resource characteristics! The most fertile soil for chip tuning is turbodiesel engines: work will increase power, plus fuel consumption will remain the same.

Most often and most efficiently, chip tuning looks on those engines that are supplied to Russia and Ukraine with a much lower degree of forcing - tuners simply fill in the "European" or "American" firmware - it works 100% efficiently and safely. It is also worth "chipping" in order to transfer the maximum torque to lower engine speeds.

They are the most working ones - and remove the "micro-holes" during acceleration. This is a plus! The main thing is not only the increase in power, but also the increased elasticity of the engine. Although if the motor is initially not very good, it cannot be radically corrected by any "chip".

DIY chip tuning and its dangers

It is more difficult if the characteristics of the operation of the motor begin to change to please their whims - then the engine begins to work in several modes unusual for itself. Which often affects its service life. Another problem: those who do chip tuning in Uncle Vasya's garage can sometimes be dishonest. For example, instead of reflashing, such comrades can simply change the response to the gas pedal - by installing the so-called "jetter".

The fact is that the electronic unit of the engine "senses" when and how you press the gas pedal - you have pressed a third, and it will pour fuel by a third. Pressed more thoroughly - the nozzles will open to full. With a "jetter" any time you press the pedal, the car tries to pull from the spot, like Usain Bolt. That's all the change. In this case, fuel consumption, of course, will certainly not decrease.

In general, if you decide to do chip tuning with your own hands - find all the information about your engine, its power characteristics. The Internet is big, everything is there. How to check your work efficiency? Only by measurements at the stand. In stock version and "chipped". We look at the graphs and compare.

Remember that as a result of unsuccessful chip tuning, irreversible changes in engine operation may occur, which can lead to very expensive repairs. By the way, if you "chip" a turbocharged gasoline engine, you will have to switch from 92nd or 95th gasoline to 98th. And, of course, there may be a problem with the gearbox: if it breaks due to the increase in power and the increased torque, it starts to wear out the gearbox anyway.

And the funniest thing: if you bought a used car, which has already been "chipped", and the previous owner did not say anything about it, then you can fill in exactly the same custom firmware that you had. It's funny, but true - you can pay money (usually - from $ 150 to $ 400, depending on the degree of complexity and depth of work, but chip tuning boxes can cost even more) - literally for nothing.

Take it for yourself, tell your friends!

Specialist training

In addition to hardware and special software, anyone who wants to learn chip tuning is interested in the issue of training. True, even despite the fact that some companies recruit groups of car owners for training in chip tuning, in fact, few of them receive useful knowledge that will help in the future to provide high-quality services to other motorists. Most often, the person who makes the chip tuning, the training takes place directly in practice, by trial and error learns to "understand" the power unit, change its properties, etc.

Special equipment

If a car enthusiast does not know where to start carrying out chip tuning, he should at least roughly know about the amount that will be useful to him later. As practice shows, most vehicle owners will gladly give their car to a qualified specialist who, with the help of modern technologies will be able to qualitatively diagnose the power unit, even if you have to pay a lot of money for it. Professional repair and chip tuning are in demand much more than the subjective opinion of a specific "specialist" who relies solely on his skills and carries out the procedure for checking the engine only through his intuition and knowledge.

The fundamentals of chip tuning cannot be considered separately from the configuration of the diagnostic area. It is worth noting that the equipment intended for high-quality diagnostics and chip tuning of the power unit is divided into three main types. Any modern site for engine chip tuning cannot do without such devices, which is why it is advisable to have at least one representative of each type, which will optimize the process and clarify the verification results. So, the types of diagnostic equipment for chip tuning:

scanners;
motor testers;
gas analyzers.

Scanners

Any modern scanner is capable of checking the electronic control unit of the motor, informing the diagnosing specialist about the current state of the power unit. Using the scanner in your work, you can:

see the signals coming from the system sensors, as well as track their changes over time;
learn about the functioning of various executive elements of the system through visual control;
check the unit malfunctions by reviewing the codes stored in the system;
find out the identification data of the ECU.

Those who are interested in chip tuning for beginners should understand that the readings of any scanner are nothing more than a display of the data stored in the ECU. In this connection, the specialist conducting diagnostics and chip tuning does not perceive the displayed values as real values of certain parameters. The scanner is only capable of displaying data, without first defining it the way measuring instruments do. In addition to displaying parameters, scanners are aware of the codes of the existing malfunctions. True, one should not treat all the codes indicated by the scanner as an inducement to urgently replace or repair one or another motor part. Any reading from a scanning device should, first of all, prompt a specialist to think further and search for real threats.

There are portable and software chip tuning scanners on sale that cannot function separately from a PC. When purchasing software, you need a laptop equipped with a COM port or a PCMCI-COM adapter. Along with this, you will have to purchase a K-Line adapter with many wires and connectors.

To carry out chip tuning, each technician must undergo training in various diagnostic software. Some people choose low-cost applications for work, like SMS-Diagnostic (allows you to check new VAZ / GAZ ECMs). If a car enthusiast is going to diagnose various foreign cars, then most likely he will need to buy either several highly specialized scanners, or one universal unit that has fewer capabilities.

Motortesters

The basic concepts of chip tuning can be disclosed only with a full study of all types of devices necessary for work. For example, motor testers are measuring instruments that read data directly from the powertrain, while identifying those malfunctions that no scanner can detect. Motor testers determine voltage waveforms, sensor currents, display high voltage and pressure waveforms in cylinders. In addition, these multifunctional devices contribute to the measurement of fuel pressure, starting current and EOP (which must be taken into account when carrying out chip tuning).

For example, the motortester allows you to indirectly evaluate the ignition and combustion of the fuel-air mixture, for which the device provides for the presence of secondary voltage oscillograms. Thanks to the graph obtained after measurements, you can understand:

whether the timing phases are correctly set;
what is the state of the cylinder-piston group;
is there an air leak in the intake tract;
what are the indicators of the back pressure of the exhaust system;
the state of the ignition timing.

The motor tester easily (within a few minutes) detects the presence of an open or turn-to-turn short circuit in the injectors, carries out a high-quality measurement of the starting current (thanks to this, the diagnostic specialist evaluates the condition of the battery and starter). In addition, the device checks the functionality of various sensors, which makes chip tuning a simpler and easier procedure.

Those who are interested in chip tuning for beginners should be prepared for the fact that buying a motor tester will require huge costs. There are many different devices on the Russian market; Quantex Laboratory devices have a good price-quality ratio.

Gas analyzers

As for this device, the four-component devices showed themselves best of all. Previously actively used for chip tuning two-component units together with carburetors are no longer found in more or less "cool" service centers. Therefore, it is necessary to buy only high-quality gas analyzers, which allow not to "adjust CO", but only to become a source for diagnosed information.

The basics of chip tuning assume all three types devices that, using completely different methods data definitions are capable of giving the motorist different information. Naturally, there are parameters that can be equally accurately determined by all three units, however, in most cases, all data for each device is unique. It should be understood that competent troubleshooting should be based solely on the analysis of the obtained data and measurements.

Auxiliary devices

In addition to the main equipment, those who begin to carry out the chip-tuning procedure of a car can purchase various auxiliary devices that allow them to optimize their work, including:

fuel pressure gauge;
a device that allows you to clean the nozzles;
stands, contributing to the quality check of spark plugs or ignition modules;
ampere-voltmeter;
high-quality tools;
various devices and devices used experienced craftsmen, manufactured exclusively "for a specialist".

Additional expenses

If a motorist knows what chip tuning is, the basic concepts of which he has already mastered in practice (most likely, by diagnosing the power unit of his car), in order to fully check the engines, he will have to buy such devices as:

control unit programmer with flash drive ( trial version applications can be downloaded from a thematic web resource, and, after a while, having accumulated knowledge and customers, you can purchase a full commercial version);
ROM programmer;
an ultraviolet lamp to erase the EPROM;
special tools for soldering.

It is worth noting that all of the above devices are not needed for diagnostics and chip tuning of new cars, however, in the absence of them, it will be very difficult to check the state of the power unit of foreign passenger cars of the 90s.

At the same time, even chip tuning for beginners cannot do without complete set all kinds of firmware, selected absolutely for all types of ECM. The type of equipment purchased, which can be both free and commercial, depends on the abilities and capabilities of the master. It should be noted that some specialists use exclusively their own developments.

In addition to a list of cool software applications, any craftsman should have decent quality locksmith tools. Many motorists who turn to re-flashing the "brains" of the motor lead to service center banal engine malfunction. The chip tuning master should be ready not only for diagnostics, but also for the forced repair of the engine.

The principle of diagnostics for beginners

A person diagnosing a car must not only with all programs and devices, he must necessarily collect information and process it, and then make a final decision.

If a client comes to a chip tuning specialist, the first step is to conduct a survey to find out about the essence of the problem, ask about when and how the malfunction manifests itself.

It is also necessary to visually inspect the engine compartment. The foreman must make sure that there is no visible damage associated with electrical wiring, hoses and high-voltage wires.

Working with tools and software applications should be the third step, first, using the scanner, you will need to determine the type of ECU and system. After establishing the type of factory firmware, it is necessary to remember its advantages and possible disadvantages, composition and features.

At the fourth stage, you need to check the candles, a specialist must by sight determine the amount of carbon present on them and the color of the resulting coating. Attention should be paid to breakdowns on the insulator.

After carrying out such a complex procedure, the diagnostic car specialist receives a lot of data that he will have to compare with each other in order to make a detailed analysis and conclusion.

Conclusion

It is difficult for a novice master to understand all the intricacies of chip tuning; it will take some time to learn how to properly perform such a procedure and provide a high-quality chip service to other car owners. If there are doubts about the functioning of a particular part, it is advisable to replace the faulty part of the unit in order to re-check the data issued by the devices.