What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Thermal insulation materials for a residential building are selected depending on the type of construction and the type of future cladding. We will tell you in detail how to insulate private house do it yourself in each case.

Is it possible to insulate the house from the inside?

If you do not want to live in a room where the humidity exceeds all permissible limits, and the corners are covered with layers of frost and black fungus, never insulate the building from the inside. Freezing of the walls in this case will occur due to the displacement of the dew point boundary - a section of a certain temperature at which the steam in the air begins to condense and turn into water.

Moisture loss always occurs at the border between cold and warm air. Correct thermal insulation implies the obligatory displacement of this area outside the building. When insulating a building from the outside, a sharp temperature drop will be observed somewhere on the border of the insulation, that is, outside the room.

When laying a heat insulator inside the house, the dew point will be located between the cold wall and the warm cladding, that is, in the building itself, which is unacceptable.

Not too successful is the option in which a thin layer of insulation is selected with a small wall thickness. The dew point in this case will be closer to the center of the wall, which can also lead to freezing of the corners and condensation in the house.

How to choose the thickness of the insulation?

To reduce heat loss and ensure an acceptable temperature in the premises during insulation, the thickness of the walls, their heat-insulating properties, the type of foundation, the climate of the area and the prevailing wind loads are taken into account. With a sufficient thickness of walls made of materials with high heat-insulating properties (for example, made of bricks or logs), the facade insulation is not necessary.

The thermal insulation of a house assembled from cinder blocks should be maximum - this material is not able to retain heat for a long time. When calculating the thickness of the walls, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation itself is taken into account. Best performance possess materials such as polyurethane foam, polystyrene, mineral wool.

For example, a 50 mm layer of polyurethane is able to retain heat in the same way as a 1720 mm brick.

Professional builders use rather complex formulas to calculate the thickness of the insulation. When choosing a heat insulator for a private house, it is convenient to use online calculators. You only need to indicate the region of residence, the size of the building, the types of basement and attic floor, wall thickness and material, roof type.

Even with a significant wall thickness, a small layer of insulation along the facade is still worth laying. Indeed, upon contact with cold air and temperature drops on their surface, cracks form over time, leading to premature destruction.

When can you start insulating a building?

In construction, there is a basic rule - it is necessary to start finishing works after the house has completely shrunk. This can take about a year. Moreover, shrinkage is given not only by wooden houses, but also by brick buildings, monolithic-frame buildings, etc.

Installation of thermal insulation is preferably carried out in dry weather - the house is pre-dried well. The house should already have a roof, external waterproofing of the foundation, ventilation, windows, doors.

You should not start work either in frost or heat - you must wait for a plus temperature of 5-25 ° C. Optimal time the beginning of the facade finishing - late spring or early autumn.

Insulation of the facade. Basic ways

There are several ways to decorate walls:

by creating ventilated curtain walls: fastening facing materials to the frame; a ventilation gap is formed between the insulation and the wall, which protects them from condensation and moisture accumulation
by plastering method: the system consists of 3 layers, heat-insulating (most often inexpensive foam is used, which is attached to a special adhesive), a reinforcing mesh and a decorative layer (plaster)
by means of ready-made plaster systems (thermal panels), heat-insulating materials with an already applied decorative layer
using siding (high-strength typesetting panels): in fact, the method is a kind of ventilated facades.

What materials can be used to insulate the facade?

The materials used for thermal insulation of walls must have a number of technical characteristics:

sufficiently low coefficient of thermal conductivity: store safely and not lose heat
low degree of water absorption- after all, when they absorb moisture, they almost completely lose their thermal insulation properties
resistance to decay
sufficient vapor permeability: the walls of the house must "breathe", that is, allow air to pass through and give off moisture; when the walls are closed with a heater with low vapor permeability, the humidity in the house will always be increased
strength and stability to wind loads, other physical influences
fire resistance: they should not be highly flammable
long service life

Unfortunately, there are no universal heaters that fully meet these requirements.

Each of them has both undeniable pros and cons:

Styrofoam: it is able to store heat for a long time, but it is very vulnerable to the action of ultraviolet radiation, plus it has low strength and fire resistance, therefore it requires additional finishing; moisture absorption average
penoplex: has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, moisture resistant, resistant to combustion; there are two drawbacks - poor vapor permeability and a fairly significant price compared to foam
mineral wool: its undoubted advantages include low thermal conductivity, high fire resistance; but, since this material quickly absorbs moisture, it requires mandatory waterproofing
warm plaster: a mixture based on cement, the sand in which has been replaced by heat-insulating components - sawdust, vermiculite, perlite, pumice or foam granules; further covered with a layer of decorative plaster
penoizol: in fact, it is a liquid foam - a light insulation, excellent heat storage, applied by spraying; its main disadvantages are poor resistance to aggressive chemical environments and fire
liquid polyurethane foam: it is also applied by spraying using special devices, filling every crack; it is very convenient to work with it on inclined planes when insulating the roof; but its cost is quite high

When insulating a facade with foam, to increase the fire safety of a building, the so-called method of scattering plates using fire-resistant mineral wool is often used.

Materials for insulation of the foundation

The foundation that separates the soil and the structure is considered to be one of the main sources of heat loss. However, not all types of materials can be used to insulate it. Mineral wool or basalt slabs are not suitable for these purposes - they will absorb moisture from the soil and quickly become unusable.

The most common basement insulation materials are:

expanded polystyrene: perhaps the ideal option in terms of price-quality ratio; if it is impractical to use it for wall decoration due to low vapor permeability, then a material that is not afraid of decay is ideal for warming the base; plus is lightweight and easy to install; high flammability in this case is not significant - after all, it is laid underground;
expanded clay: excellent environmentally friendly heat insulator; due to its high porosity, it forms an air cushion that reliably protects the base of the building from the cold; requires additional waterproofing with coating or roll materials; but the high cost does not allow it to be widely used as a heater for the foundation;
liquid polyurethane foam: It is similar in properties to expanded polystyrene, however, its independent use is impossible without special equipment.

Thermal insulation materials for roofing

As you know, warm air tends only upward. If the roof overlap is not sufficiently insulated, it will leave without hindrance, and the house will quickly get cold. If up to 15-20% of the heat escapes through the walls, then about 10-20% of it leaves through the roof. This fact should not be neglected.

For thermal insulation of roofs, any kind of materials can be used, from mineral wool to slag or sawdust. When using expanded clay, it is most often mixed with foam granules - this helps to reduce the weight of the insulation and enhance its effect.

Rolled eco, glass, mineral wool, as well as liquid polyurethane foam are used mainly for inclined surfaces. Rigid slabs and bulk insulation are used for laying on floor slabs.

The thermal insulation of the roof must be thought out even before the building is laid - after all, when using heavy backfill materials, the load on the foundation will increase significantly.

Range of heat insulators

The range of heat-insulating materials sold on the market today is quite wide

Let's consider only the main ones:

Styrofoam (cellular plastic)

Inexpensive material made on the basis of expanded plastic (mainly polystyrene). The excellent thermal insulation properties of the foam are due to the presence of multiple, individual granular cells, separated by partitions and filled with gas. A slab with a thickness of 8 cm is equivalent in heat protection to 25 cm of wood or 1.5 m of a brick wall.

Polyfoam is lightweight, easy to cut, easy to install. Plates made of it are quite elastic and, unlike roll materials, do not sag over time.

The density and strength of the foam depend on the technology of its processing and the type of raw material. For cladding facades, it is better to use a material of increased density - it crumbles less when cutting and has a longer service life.

Despite the fact that the foam itself does not rot, colonies of microorganisms can easily be fixed on its rough surface, capable of transferring to other structural elements.

Due to the tendency to ignite, as well as the ability to deteriorate under the influence sun rays this insulation must be covered with a layer of plaster or used in ventilated facades.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Despite the fact that expanded polystyrene, like polystyrene, is made on the basis of polystyrene, its technical characteristics differ significantly. If the foaming of the foam occurs under the influence of steam, then in polystyrene bulk granules are obtained by introducing a foaming reagent followed by forcing through an extruder. As a result, the material acquires a more uniform structure and strength.

All of its air granules are closed, have the same size, therefore expanded polystyrene is less fragile than polystyrene foam.

The service life of this material is up to 40 years. It has a minimum water absorption (up to 0.4%) and a lower thermal conductivity - on average, it is equal to 0.029-0.034 W / (m · K). The thermal insulation values of expanded polystyrene are very high - even a thin sheet is enough to create a reliable barrier to cold.

But nevertheless, since expanded polystyrene is not able to "breathe", it is better not to use it for wall decoration, otherwise they will get wet. The main purpose of expanded polystyrene is thermal insulation of plinths and foundation blind areas. Special high-strength material of increased density is used in construction as auxiliary or even supporting structures.

Types of mineral wool

Mineral wool is a group of materials of fibrous structure, which includes:

stone wool: obtained from the melt of rock minerals; it is she who is often called mineral wool; one of its varieties includes more moisture-resistant basalt wool
glass wool: thin fibers obtained from molten glass or sand during the heating process under the influence of ultra-high temperatures
slag: most cheap stuff, which is based on blast-furnace slag; due to increased hygroscopicity, it is not used for building insulation

The advantages of mineral wool include:

high thermal insulation properties
low flammability
decay resistance
acceptable cost

Most types of mineral wool absorb moisture and have low mechanical strength, so it must be covered with a vapor barrier and then sheathed with airtight sheathing.

It is undesirable to use rolled mineral wool for finishing facades - it has less thermal protection plus shrinks, eventually forming "cold bridges". For finishing the building, it is better to use material in the form of dense slabs.

Excellent technical characteristics plus reasonable price ensured sufficient demand for this material. This type of mineral wool has low thermal conductivity, almost does not absorb moisture, while due to the cellular structure it is able to "breathe", that is, let air through and remove condensate.

Depending on the type of raw material and the method of production, it can have a different degree of rigidity. Stone wool is produced in the form of canvases, semi-rigid mats or high-strength slabs. Due to its high fire resistance and high degree thermal insulation is widely used in construction - it is used as a heater and sound insulator of facades, roofs of buildings, which has an increased risk of fire.

It is allowed to use stone wool for insulating underground utilities, chimneys, cladding rooms with installed furnaces or boilers.

In order to avoid the appearance of "cold bridges" when using any types of plate heaters, all seams must be additionally glued.

Due to its low density and high hygroscopicity, it is not recommended to use it for facades. Plus, glass wool, under the influence of elevated temperatures, is capable of melting, completely losing its thermal insulation properties.

This inexpensive roll material most often used for thermal insulation of pipelines and technical rooms.

When working with it, special care is required - thin fibers, breaking off, fall on the skin, causing irritation. When inhaled into the lungs, small glass wool particles can provoke inflammation.

This material is more expensive than ordinary stone wool, but it is more durable and voluminous. Another advantage is the lower degree of moisture absorption and shrinkage. Formaldehyde, which is part of the basalt canvases, is able to scare off rodents, which often settle in insulation.

They easily withstand significant temperature drops without loss of quality, do not rot, do not ignite. Their heat-insulating properties are also high.

Basalt wool has a significant drawback - high fragility. Therefore, you need to work with it carefully, be sure to wear protective clothing, glasses and a respirator. Dust from sawing can irritate the skin. It is also capable of settling in the lungs.

Just as in the case of stone wool, it is better to use a more durable slab material for cladding facades. Basalt wool is applied and by spraying using special equipment- in this case use special kind material in the form of granules.

Thermal panels

Facade thermal panels are already ready-made systems consisting of two layers: thermal protection and facing. They do not require any additional finishing or painting. As a heater, polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene is often used.

The decorative layer is usually made of brick-like clinker tiles or colored marble chips. Recently, products with a porcelain stoneware finish have also been produced. Thermal panels are allowed to be mounted on any kind of walls from concrete, brick to timber or cinder blocks.

Their technical characteristics and service life depend on the material of manufacture. Installation of such structures is simple - they are simply attached to the profiles.

Improved versions of thermal panels have a side fastening of the thorn-groove type, excluding the appearance of cold bridges. Such panels do not require additional processing of seams and filling them with mortar.

Up to 20-30% of heated air can escape from the house through poorly insulated windows and doors, so do not forget about careful finishing and plastering of the slopes. It is also necessary to think over the ventilation system - if it is incorrectly installed, up to 30-35% of the heat can go away.

Thermal insulating plaster

This type of heat insulator is another novelty in the construction market. The main binder in it is lime or Portland cement. Various stabilizers and plasticizers are also added to them. But the main component (up to 40-75%) in thermal insulation plaster is porous insulation in the form of foamed perlite, vermiculite or foam balls.

A layer of such a mixture of only 50 mm in terms of its thermal insulation properties is equal to a masonry of 2 bricks. Plus, it can, just like usual, level the walls, use it as a decorative finish. Moreover, it weighs 3-4 times less than ordinary plaster. You can use warm plaster for ceilings, walls, window and door slopes, pipelines, as well as interior finishing works.

The technology for applying heat-insulating plaster is almost identical to the usual method - the mixture is spread using a conventional spatula or mechanical sprayers. It adheres well to the surface, so a small layer can be applied even without a reinforcing mesh.

This material is able to "breathe", letting in steam, and has sufficient water-repellent properties. Due to the absence of seams, warm plaster does not form cold bridges. In addition, it is not flammable and is able to protect buildings from accidental fire.

Penoizol

Liquid carbamide foam (penoizol) is convenient because it can be poured directly at the construction site. It perfectly fills all irregularities and voids without expanding in volume. However, it is possible to obtain a high-quality coating without cracks only at temperatures up to + 5 ° C.

Working in the cold with him is strictly prohibited.

Urea foam is also produced in the form of slabs or crumbs, called thermovate, blown into hollow frames. The absence of seams is the most important advantage of the material. It is used to insulate walls, attics, roof space or as an interlayer in brick walls.

To improve the heat-saving characteristics and increase the durability of a house made of wood, brick or foam concrete, insulation is often done on the outside according to the principle of a curtain wall or using "wet" technology. In this article, we will figure out how you can carry out external insulation of a house and which thermal insulation materials are best used for this.

Overview of materials for insulation

Mineral wool

Mineral (stone or glass) wool is the most versatile insulation, which is produced with different density values. For internal insulation, a less dense version of a heat insulator is used, for an external arrangement - a more dense one, which is able to withstand various negative influences. In general, mineral wool differs from other types of insulation in its high heat-insulating ability, durability, non-combustibility, and mechanical strength. Its disadvantages are poor resistance to moisture and a rather high cost.

Ecowool

Ecowool belongs to environmentally friendly types of insulation with low thermal conductivity, as well as mineral wool heat insulator. Ecowool is made from recycled cellulose raw materials and impregnated with special compounds that prevent the material from burning and decaying. The only disadvantage of ecowool is difficult technological process application by spraying, however, this method allows you to uniformly fill all the cracks and structural protrusions of the facades, reliably protecting the building from the penetration of cold and moisture into the interior.

Expanded polystyrene

Styrofoam is one of the most popular polymer species insulation, characterized by durability, almost zero water absorption, excellent heat-saving properties, ease of installation. Most types of expanded polystyrene boards are impregnated with fire retardants, thus improving its fire resistance. Unlike heaters made from natural components, polystyrene and other types of polymer heat insulators are not susceptible to damage by microorganisms: mold, fungus and moss.

Styrofoam

Polyfoam is a heater with a sufficiently high heat-insulating ability, light in weight and easy to install, moisture resistant and inexpensive. The disadvantages of foam include its airtightness, low resistance to mechanical damage and toxicity when ignited. In addition, polystyrene has low durability, it degrades from high temperatures and in contact with chemically aggressive substances that are part of some paints and varnishes.

What material to choose

But, along with excellent heat-saving properties, insulation materials of natural origin have increased hygroscopicity - they quickly absorb moisture, retain it in their thickness, and when frost sets in, they freeze and lose their ability to shield the cold.

In order to protect the insulation layer from natural materials, it is recommended to use vapor barrier and waterproofing membranes, which screen moisture and at the same time do not interfere with the ventilation of the walls.

Unlike mineral wool and other types of insulation made from natural raw materials, thermal insulation made of foamed polymers practically does not absorb moisture and serves for a long time. If the installation of stone or glass wool is fraught with certain difficulties and requires compliance with safety standards, then the installation of foam, polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam can be done quickly and easily by yourself. At the same time, the thermal insulation properties of these materials are slightly worse than mineral wool.

Features of wall insulation outside the house

Insulation of walls from the outside is mainly carried out according to the technology of hinged facades, leaving a ventilation gap between the insulation layer and finishing cladding- so the walls of the house are more efficiently ventilated.

Stages of insulating a house from the outside when arranging a hinged facade:

Cleaning and drying, treatment of walls with antiseptic compounds.
Installation of vapor barrier film with sealing of panel joints with mounting tape.
Installation of a frame for the installation of insulation and external cladding.
Insulation laying, fixing with disc dowels.
Installation of waterproofing, windproof multifunctional membrane.
Anchoring facade decoration on the frame using clamps.

Warming of house facades can also be carried out using “wet” technology - gluing a layer of heat insulator to the outer walls and applying a layer of decorative paint or plaster.

In the construction of new buildings, special attention is now paid to the thermal protection of the outer walls. This is required by building codes, and competitiveness is increased due to this. But as far as old houses are concerned, the situation with the walls is somewhat different. Residents of private houses themselves think about how to insulate the house from the outside. And not everyone knows where to start this responsible work.

Undoubtedly, the insulation of the walls of the house from the outside is preferable to using heating devices - you do not have to spend money on energy annually for them. Thermal insulation is also made from the inside, and experts recommend not to forget about it too. But first of all, external insulation should be provided.

Before the purchase thermal insulation material appreciate its physical and Chemical properties, namely:

The advantages of outdoor insulation of a home include the following:

There are three ways to insulate:

"Well" arrangement of the material;
ventilated facade;
"Wet" glued insulation.

In the first case, the insulation is placed inside the walls. Effective, but can only be implemented during the construction phase.

The second method is the most common and beneficial. It is much cheaper than "wet" insulation and is simple - even an inexperienced person can start insulation with his own hands in this case.

The latter option provides for fixing a layer of insulation on the glue outside the walls and additional fastening with dowels. Top coatings are applied: reinforcing, intermediate, decorative. A specialist must work, without experience it will not be possible to complete the work.

Existing materials can be divided into two large groups - organic (natural) and inorganic (which are obtained through the use of special equipment and materials).

The first place belongs to mineral wool, which is stone (basalt), glass and slag. The only difference is in appearance.

Material qualities:

Low thermal conductivity (0.03-0.045).
Density spread (20-200 kg / m³).
High noise absorption properties.
Water vapor permeability.
Resistant to fire.

The disadvantages are:

Attractiveness to insects and rodents.
Reduction of thermal insulation by 50% when wetting 3-5% of the volume.
Failure to dry completely.

Good material, but it is highly undesirable to sheathe the outside of the house with it.

Also, foam is widely used as an external insulation.

Material pluses:

The thermal conductivity coefficient is slightly lower than that of mineral wool (0.03−0.037).
The cost is lower than that of other heaters.
Ease.
Density 11-40 kg / m³.

Disadvantages:

Extruded polystyrene foam has the same thermal conductivity as mineral wool and foam. In addition, he:

Does not absorb moisture.
Convenient to install, because it is produced in slabs.
Almost impermeable to air.
Stronger than Styrofoam.

Disadvantages:

Gives off harmful substances during combustion.
Highly flammable.

Also, “warm” plasters - a mixture of glass balls, cement and hydrophobic additives - help to insulate the structure. The material "breathes", insulates the room from moisture, does not burn, is not afraid of the sun's rays, and is easily repaired. Not always found on the market.

Organic materials

Materials made from natural ingredients include:

What is better to choose

Mineral and cellulose wool are more suitable for ventilated systems. In the case of well masonry, it is preferable to choose a material that does not allow moisture to pass through, which is extruded polystyrene foam. The plaster finish is perfectly combined with insulation with a density of more than 30 kg / m³. For example, with mineral wool, PPP, polystyrene, organic materials. With light wood walls, the material, the better to insulate the house from the outside, is breathable hemp, mineral wool, ecological wool, cork. The first option is preferable, although it costs more.

It is recommended to choose high-quality material for cladding, this is better than insulating the walls of the house from the outside inexpensively, and then regretting such savings when it turns out that the expected effect has not been achieved. A competent choice of material is the key to comfort and warmth in your home!

Thermal insulation of facades is relevant both for owners of new housing and old private houses. The walls outside must reliably protect the building from the cold. This will require a high-quality and efficient heat insulator. The cost of heating and the comfort of living will depend on how good the outer insulation layer was chosen.

How to choose material

Wall insulation outside can be carried out different materials... There is a wide range of products on the market. But what is the best way to insulate the facade of the house? The answer to the question depends on several factors. And it is not always worth believing the manufacturer's advertisements.

Insulation of the facade of the house modern materials would be useless without adherence to technology. This is also worth considering when preparing for work. Before insulating the house from the outside, you need to understand the nuances of the process.

It is important not only to choose the right heat insulator, but also to observe the technology of insulation

Wall insulation can be divided into two large groups:

inorganic;
organic.

The second group has more representatives. This includes products of the chemical industry: expanded polystyrene (polystyrene, expanded polystyrene), natural ecowool. When choosing how to insulate the facade of a house from the outside, first of all, you need to pay attention to the physical properties.

Styrofoam

Such thermal insulation belongs to the class of foamed polymers. Styrofoam is highly efficient, easy to install, and isolates noise well enough... Another advantage is the affordable price. But the disadvantages of such a material are noticeably more. In order to choose the best way to insulate the walls of the house from the outside, it is important to consider that polystyrene has such qualities as:

flammability;
fragility (service life is rarely more than 10-20 years);
poor vapor permeability (additional ventilation of the premises will be required);
instability to the simultaneous effects of cold and moisture (the material crumbles into separate balls);
low strength.

Polyfoam is affordable, excellent thermal insulation, but flammable and short-lived

There is a possibility that the material will release toxic styrene as it ages.... The concentration is small, and when insulated from the outside, the substance practically does not penetrate into the room, but this property casts doubt on the manufacturer's statements about environmental friendliness.