What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

fibrous mineral, heat insulator

... (Greek asbestos - unquenchable) (mountain flax) a generalized name for minerals of the silicate class (serpentine and amphibole groups), fire-resistant, alkali- and acid-resistant, non-thermal, dielectrics

City (since 1933) in Russia, Sverdlovsk region

Non-combustible fibrous mineral used in the technique

Fiber refractory product

Refractory material

Pliny the Elder first described a stone for making funeral robes, and what kind of stone is it?

In ancient Greek, the word "extinguish" sounds like "sbennumi", but how would "unquenched" be in ancient Greek?

What mineral is used in sewing clothes and footwear for Formula 1 racers?

This mineral is popularly called mountain skin, and translated from Greek, its name means "fireproof"

... "Unquenchable" among minerals

What kind of refractory material is also known as rock flax?

Generalized name of materials of the silicate group

Refractory mineral

Refractory mineral

Mountain flax

Raw materials for slate

Variety of tremolite

Fibrous refractory mineral

The mineral that gave the name to the city

Refractory mineral silicate

Russian industrial city with a "refractory" name

Refractory material or city of Russia

Fibrous mineral

Heat insulating mineral

Amphibole ...

Mineral serving as a filler for plastics

City in the Sverdlovsk region

City or mineral

... "Refractory" Russian city

... "Indestructible" mineral

Fiber refractory

Silk Hill Stone

Russian city with a "fireproof" name

Refractory

Flame retardant material, rock linen

Generalized name of silicate class minerals

Mountain flax

City in the Sverdlovsk region

Fibrous light silicate grade refractory mineral

... "Indestructible" mineral

... "Inextinguishable" among minerals

... "Refractory" Russian city

Pliny the Elder was the first to describe a stone intended for making funeral garments, and what kind of stone it is

What mineral is used in sewing clothes and footwear for Formula 1 racers?

Which refractory material is also known as mountain flax

M. asbestos, amiant, mountain flax, stone flax; a fossil of elastic, fibrous property, which, if necessary, spins and even grinds, forming a fireproof fabric. Asbestos gloves. Asbestos mine

Russian city with a "fireproof" name

Russian industrial city with a "refractory" name

This mineral is popularly called mountain skin, and in translation from Greek its name means "fireproof"

In ancient Greek, the word "extinguish" sounds like "sbennumi", but as in ancient Greek it will be "not extinguished"

What word will you get if you mix the letters in the word "basset"

What word can be made from the word "basset" by rearranging letters

A hodgepodge of basset

Mineral as part of slate

What word can be made from the word "basset" by rearranging the letters?

What word do you get if you shuffle the letters in the word "basset"?

A hodgepodge of basset

Thermal insulation of building envelopes reduces losses through the floor, walls, ceiling and roof of the house in winter, protects against solar radiation in summer. This method of energy saving saves fuel and electricity for heating and cooling rooms. Safety requirements for building materials oblige to use non-combustible insulation. In addition to its direct purpose, fireproof properties allow the use of thermal insulation to protect buildings from fire.

The fire resistance of the insulation depends on the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock, the degree of its environmental and fire safety. In terms of structure, non-combustible thermal insulation is divided into three types: loose, fibrous and cellular. Thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, density and moisture resistance of the material affect the area of ​​its use and methods of installation. To choose and buy insulation for country cottage, baths on a personal plot, a garage or the outer walls of a city apartment, it is necessary to compare its technical characteristics, cost and options for use.

Description of different types

1. Non-combustible bulk insulation:

• Vermiculite is foamed crushed volcanic rock with a caliber of 0.25 to 8 mm. Basement and attic floor slabs, flat roofs, voids in walls and building blocks... The thermal conductivity of vermiculite is lower than that of expanded clay, perlite and mineral wool... Insulation can be laid in a thin layer, which eliminates the high cost of the material. Pressed plates are used for insulation from the inside of the room, they have an aesthetic appearance, are easily processed with ordinary tools, and are fastened with self-tapping screws and staples. The disadvantage is the ability of porous vermiculite to absorb moisture; waterproof films are used to protect it.
• Perlite - splinters of volcanic glass expanded by the thermal method. Light backfill with grains from 1 to 10 mm is used as a non-combustible insulation for floors, walls, pitched roofs. Fractions up to 1.25 mm in the form of sand and powder are added to the solution for facade plaster and screeds on the floors. Low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability, fire retardant properties and reasonable price allow the use of perlite in large quantities for backfilling the well masonry of the outer walls. The porous structure easily absorbs and releases moisture, creating a favorable indoor climate. The disadvantage of perlite is fine dusting, which requires protective equipment during the installation of thermal insulation. On the floor surface, the bulk material is coated with a thin layer of grout to form a retaining crust.
• Expanded clay - porous clay granules with a durable smooth shell that do not decompose, do not burn or deform. The size of the fractions affects the density and thermal conductivity of the layer. As a lightweight, fireproof insulation for the ceiling and wooden floor, choose coarse gravel with a diameter of 20 mm or more. A mixture of medium and fine expanded clay from 5 to 20 mm is poured into a concrete floor screed and into a multi-layer flat roof covering. Porous granules are protected from precipitation with steam and waterproofing films.

2. Non-combustible basalt insulation in the form of stitched mats or glued plates is referred to as fibrous. Mineral wool insulation Technonikol, Park, Rockwool, which is made from thin threads of molten volcanic rock, has stable elasticity and low thermal conductivity due to the structure, saturated with air. Randomly bonded basalt fibers allow steam and air to pass through, do not retain moisture, do not melt under significant heating and serve as an obstacle to the spread of fire. The fire-retardant characteristics of mineral wool allow the use of insulation in baths, wooden structures of houses, garages and workshops with combustible materials.

Long fibers of glass wool are non-combustible types of thermal insulation. Rolled cloth, mats and plates of the Isover, Knauf and Ursa brands are produced using a technology that excludes the presence of sharp fragments and dust. Glass wool with a reflective foil surface is used as insulation for walls and ceilings in baths, saunas, frame house, metal garage... Eco-friendly material does not decompose, does not grow moldy, fungal microorganisms and rodents do not start in it. Universal mats and rolls with high fire resistance are interposed between wooden rafters pitched roof, floor joists and attic floors. Low cost and practicality makes it possible to choose glass wool for insulation of external walls in city apartments.

3. Cellular fire-resistant foam glass insulation has low thermal conductivity, high strength and low density. The foam material does not allow water and steam to pass through, does not rot, does not emit harmful substances, and is impervious to rodents. Walls and ceilings of basements, facades, basements, flat roofs and attic floors are insulated with foam glass plates. The disadvantage of a cellular environmentally friendly insulation is the high price, which pays off for a long service life.

Application methods

Reviews of builders and customers will help you to choose and buy non-combustible insulation for a specific house design or for special structures such as a bathhouse, garage, workshop. The description of the process of installation and operation in various conditions makes it possible to evaluate the positive qualities and disadvantages of thermal insulation. You can check the fire resistance of the material by observing the sheathing. chimneys, fireplaces, stoves with open combustion of fuel.

Loose insulation is often used to insulate horizontal floor surfaces, ceilings, flat roofs... A dry backfill is made on the vapor barrier from the side of a warm room and covered with a water-repellent film. Expanded clay, perlite and vermiculite are added to cement mortars and a screed for insulation concrete slabs... Loose fire-resistant insulation increases fire safety frame-type houses and walls with an interlayer between brickwork.

Traditional thermal insulation with basalt or glass wool pitched roofs from the side of the residential attic, they are performed between the load-bearing rafters. Laying does not require additional fastening. In the same way, the attic floors between the lags are insulated. Mineral fiber protects against ignition and rapid spread of fire wooden structures Houses. Plates and canvas with a foil surface are glued with metallized tape to create a continuous heat-resistant barrier.

The refractory coating of the house is provided by slabs and blocks of foam glass. Fragility upon impact and significant weight complicates the installation of cladding on the facades of the building. But the low thermal conductivity and absolute waterproofness of the material have found application in basements and basements.

Rates

Popular fire-resistant thermal insulation is sold at the best prices from the manufacturer:

To build a house, you need to purchase a lot various materials, and each of them requires careful selection. Thermal insulation materials are no exception in this matter. Today manufacturers offer a large assortment of heaters, but many home owners still prefer to opt for one of the types of mineral wool. Therefore, they often have a question about whether basalt insulation or mineral wool is better?

The question, let's say, is not entirely correct. The point is that the concept “ mineral wool”Includes, among other things, its basalt variety, and such an opposition would be incorrect. Therefore, it is probably worthwhile to figure out what mineral wool is in general, consider each of its types and learn more about their characteristics. Based on such comparisons, it will be possible to make a choice in favor of one or another variety.

What is rock wool?

According to GOST 31913–2011 (European standard - EN ISO 9229: 2007) “Materials and thermal insulation products. Terms and definitions "The following materials are considered to be mineral:

• Stone wool, it is also basalt, is made from molten rocks.
• Glass wool - made from molten glass.
• Slag wool - is produced from the waste of metallurgical and mining enterprises, from the melts of blast-furnace slag.

The concept of "mineral wool" includes several of its varieties

Such an insulating material consists of thin fibers - their thickness depends on the raw materials from which they are made. Fibers can be layered horizontally, vertically, or have a spatial or corrugated structural arrangement. Any type of such a heat insulator has a sufficiently high resistance to high temperatures, retains heat well and protects the house from external noise. But in terms of the effectiveness of insulation, in terms of resistance to chemical attack and in other important parameters, there can be very serious differences between them.

Today on construction market a large number of options for modern mineral wool insulation with improved technical characteristics, under different names, but also made from traditional raw materials.

Areas of application of mineral wool:

• Outdoor and internal insulation unloaded vertical, horizontal and inclined enclosing structures in all types of buildings.
• Thermal insulation of ventilated curtain walls.
• Multilayer thermal insulation in the form of sandwich panels with external and interlayered metal sheathing.
• Production sandwich structures for chimneys.
• Thermal insulation of industrial equipment - pipelines for various purposes, tanks, gas and oil pipelines, etc.
• Warming and soundproofing flat roofs and roof structures roofs, as well as ceilings and walls in private residential and auxiliary buildings, including baths.

The use of mineral wool is regulated by GOST, which specifies the permissible synthetic binders for the fibers of the material for a particular field of application.

It should be noted that individual manufacturers produce insulation according to their own specifications, in this case, on the packaging instead of GOST st avyat designation TU. When acquiring such materials, special care should be taken - deviations from the standards are often allowed, which reduce the performance of the insulation. In any case, you should always familiarize yourself with the certificates of quality, sanitary and fire compliance, which manufacturers must accompany their products.

Selection criteria for mineral wool

Having figured out what materials belong to the definition of "mineral wool", you need to determine the criteria that must be met by the insulation for a residential building or, for example, inside the house in the country... The fact is that not all of them are fully suitable for this purpose.

So, thermal insulation material, (for example, established by r) must have the following qualities:

• Environmental friendliness, that is, the material should not be hazardous to human health:

- mineral wool should not emit toxic substances either during installation or during the operation of the building;

- the material should not cause allergic reactions and associated diseases.

• Fire safety. The insulation should be non-combustible, self-extinguishing, not emitting a large amount of smoke when exposed to high temperatures and open fire.
• Low thermal conductivity, that is, the maximum retention of accumulated heat in a heat-insulated room. The lower the thermal conductivity, the higher the quality of the thermal insulation.

The density of the material should not be too high, since an overly dense material has an increased degree of thermal conductivity, and. will not actually insulate the walls. Good thermal insulation can only be obtained from a porous material, in which there is a kind of "air cushion" that helps to retain heat.

The hygroscopicity should also be as low as possible, since any insulation that actively absorbs moisture quickly loses its thermal insulation properties. In addition, moisture contributes to the development of microflora colonies - mold, fungus, etc.

The durability of the material should ensure the long-term operation of the insulation without damage and decomposition into components.

The material should be good soundproof the room from external noise. This is especially important when the house is located near a busy highway or railway.

An important factor is the technology of mounting the material. Therefore, in order to dwell on a certain option, you need to study the process of laying it and make an acceptable choice. This point is especially important if the owner of the house will carry out the insulation on their own.

How to determine the degree of fire hazard of a heat insulator?

Separately, it must be said about how to determine the flammability of an insulating material, since this issue is of concern to most buyers.

The fibers of any mineral wool themselves are not flammable, but to create insulation sheets or blocks from them, they can use synthetic binders- phenol-formaldehyde resins, which can withstand temperatures of only 300 ÷ 350 degrees without damage to the insulation. With an increase in these parameters, the destruction of the binding components begins.

• Since the insulation must be non-flammable or, as a last resort, self-extinguishing, when buying it, you must definitely pay attention to the marking, which must be on the package. Flammability is indicated by numbers and letters - G1, G2, G3 and G4. Accordingly, the numbers are increasing - if G1 denotes low flammability, then G4 indicates that it is a rapidly flammable and intensely flammable material.

In the event that the insulation contains fire retardants and is absolutely not flammable, the designation NG is on the package.

• The danger of some insulation materials containing resin binder consists not only in their flammability, but also in the creation of strong smoke when exposed to open fire. This parameter also has regulation and alphanumeric designation: from D1 to D3.
• It is equally important to take into account another fire safety parameter - the rate of possible spread of fire. The manufacturer is obliged to indicate this indicator on the packaging with the letters RP and numbers from 1 to 4. Accordingly, the designation RP1 indicates that the flame does not spread if there are no combustible materials nearby, and RP4 indicates that when the insulation is burning, the fire can quickly spread through the whole room.

Why is all this being said, after all, it would seem, mineral wool in this respect should be completely safe? Again, we return to GOST and TU - according to the established state standards - there are no questions. But caution should be exercised with TR.

Therefore, when buying insulation, you must carefully study the packaging, which indicates the characteristics of the material. If there are none, then it is better to immediately abandon such a heat insulator and contact a more reliable seller, since the health and even the life of households may depend on these data.

Mineral wool - technical and operational characteristics

Now, knowing the criteria that you need to pay special attention to when purchasing heat-insulating material, it is worth considering in detail each of the types of mineral wool.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that in this table, in the column "flammability of the material" is the designation NG. However, it must be remembered that the insulation remains non-combustible until the temperature reaches a certain critical limit (note that each type of material has its own set upper limit for permissible heating). Then binders can ignite, therefore, it cannot be said that mineral wool is completely non-combustible.

Based on this table, it is necessary to consider the qualities different types mineral wool in more detail, since "dry numbers" sometimes can not quite accurately tell about the insulation.

Prices for KNAUF mineral wool

mineral wool Knauf

Glass wool

Fibers for the manufacture of glass wool are made from broken glass and sand, which are melted when temperature conditions at 1400 ÷ 1500 degrees. When the fibers are melted and pulled, their thickness is only 4 ÷ 15 microns, and their length is 15 ÷ 50 mm. Thanks to this, the insulation mats are durable and resilient.

Positive qualities of the material:

• The advantages of glass wool include high resistance to chemical attack. When conducting correct installation, the material is not subject to decay and the appearance of foci of mold in it.
• Compared to other types of mineral wool, rodents do not favor fiberglass, therefore they do not arrange dwellings in it in the form of holes, which is very important if it is insulated private house or first floor balcony.

• Glass wool is more affordable than basalt insulation, which can be explained by the availability of raw materials and the simplicity of the manufacturing process.
• The packaged insulation is compact and lightweight, so it is easy to transport it to the construction site and easy to lift to high floors. When the packing material is removed, the glass wool expands and takes on its natural dimensions.
• Since the insulation is lightweight, it does not give a large load on attic floor, roof or walls.
• The airiness of the structural structure of glass wool contributes to low thermal conductivity, which will provide protection against heat leakage.
• The density of glass wool can vary from 11 to 30 kg / m³. In order for the insulation to "work" properly, you need to select the correct density of the material in each case.

- For example, for sound and thermal insulation of partitions, roof systems roofs and walls from inside the building, you need to use glass wool with a density of 15 kg / m³.

- If the building is insulated from the outside, then the density must be at least 30 kg / m³. In this case, it is better to choose varieties reinforced with fiberglass fabric, which will protect the insulation from blowing out the fibers and strengthen the mats.

• Cloths and blocks of glass wool are sufficiently fire resistant. The melting of the binding elements occurs at temperatures above 350 ÷ 400 degrees and the material changes its structure, loses its heat and sound insulation properties.
• The material is quite elastic, which is extremely convenient when insulating structures of irregular shape, as well as when installing insulation between metal profiles.

Negative qualities of glass wool:

• One of the main disadvantages of this material is the fragility and fragility of its fibers, the sharp edges of which easily penetrate the tissue, injuring the skin. Since microscopic pieces of fibers are very light, they can enter the respiratory tract or the mucous membranes of the eyes.

This suggests that the installation of such a heat-insulating material must be carried out by protecting the entire open areas body wearing gloves and a suit of thick fabric. The eyes are protected with special goggles, and the respiratory tract - with a respirator.

After finishing installation works associated with glass wool, all clothing and gloves should be discarded immediately.

• Another the lack of this insulation, which manifests itself in the course of its operation - this is a gradual shrinkage of the material. Glass is an amorphous material, and its fibers crystallize and stick together over time, which makes the mats thinner and smaller. Naturally, this process affects the quality of wall insulation - it is significantly reduced.
• Since the binder of the fibers includes phenol-formaldehyde resins, which are harmful to humans, the main drawback of the insulation can be called the constant release of these substances into the indoor air. Moreover, it will not be possible to weather them as long as there are glass wool mats on the walls.

Stone (basalt) wool

Basalt insulation is made from gabbro-basalt, metamorphic rocks and marls, which are close to each other in composition.

Stone wool has good resistance to high temperatures and low thermal conductivity. The stone fibers themselves are able to withstand heating up to 850 ÷ 1000 degrees, but the same phenol-formaldehyde resins serve as binders for them, which, as you know, can withstand heating only up to temperatures of 350 ÷ 400 degrees, therefore, when they burn, the basalt fibers disintegrate.

Basalt fibers in their manufacture acquire a length of no more than 50 mm, and their thickness is about 5 ÷ 7 microns. After processing the fibers with binders and forming, the blocks or mats are passed twice through a press with simultaneous heating up to 300 degrees.

Prices for basalt wool RockWool

mineral wool RockWool

This insulation has a lot of positive qualities, therefore, it is usually a basalt heat insulator that is usually chosen from three types of mineral wool:

• The low thermal conductivity of the material is achieved by the chaotic arrangement of the fibers, and by the fact that they are laid in numerous layers, due to which the structure of the mats is quite airy.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of basalt wool is 0.035 ÷ 0.042 W / (m × ° K), which corresponds to the heat insulating properties of extruded polystyrene foam or foamed rubber.

• The density of basalt insulation is much higher than that of glass wool, and ranges from 60 to 90 kg / m³ in different samples (even more in some types). But at the same time, such a density does not negatively affect the thermal insulation properties.
• Almost zero hygroscopicity of stone wool allows it to be used for a long time, without losing its original thermal insulation qualities.
• The structural structure does not allow moisture to penetrate inside the insulation, which means that putrefactive processes do not develop in its thickness and mold does not appear (both, in case of occurrence, sharply reduce the insulation qualities of any porous material).

One of the main advantages is the high hydrophobicity of the material

In fairness, it should be noted that basalt wool still absorbs moisture, but this indicator is so insignificant (about 0.095% in 24 hours) that hygroscopicity can be considered practically zero.

• Water vapor permeability. Whatever the density of the basalt insulation, it is a breathable material, that is, the minimum amount of moisture that enters the insulation along with the air does not linger inside and does not form condensation. This quality makes it possible to use basalt wool for insulating rooms with high humidity, such as saunas or baths. The vapor permeability of stone wool is 0.2 ÷ 0.3 mg / (m × h × Pa).
• High resistance to fire, therefore, in the above table, stone wool is characterized as a non-combustible insulation. However, you need to remember about the binders present in the heat insulator.
• Basalt wool is an excellent sound insulator and is able to drown out sound waves passing through the walls. This quality is especially useful for insulation and soundproofing of apartments in panel houses, because building construction have inside the cavity and reinforcement elements that conduct sound vibrations well.
• The strength of the material is given by the multi-layer and the process of pressing during its manufacture. Therefore, even the lowest density of basalt wool does not reduce its resistance to increased loads. Due to this, the material is little subject to deformation and does not change its size throughout the entire period of operation.
• Stone fibers are resistant to chemical and biological influences and are not susceptible to damage by mold and various microorganisms.

Basalt insulation - very easy to install

• The ease of installation of the material is explained by the strict "geometry" of the blocks and the absence of a large number of prickly fibers. But you still need to take precautions - it is recommended to protect your hands, eyes and respiratory tract.

Negative sides of basalt insulation

• No matter how convincing the manufacturers that basalt wool is absolutely safe, this is not entirely true. It, like glass wool, can emit toxic substances throughout its entire service life, since the fibers are bound together by phenol-formaldehyde resin, the fumes of which are dangerous to human health. The question is, how great is the concentration of such components - it will never be superfluous to get acquainted with the certificate of sanitary compliance of the purchased material.
• Unlike glass wool, rodents are happy to use basalt insulation for housing, so this must be foreseen in advance and the walls of a private house must be secured with backfill around it at a distance of 500 ÷ 700 mm of fine expanded clay, the layer thickness of which must be at least 80 mm. This insulation material is definitely bypassed by rodents, since it has no density, in other words, they simply "drown" in it.
• Stone wool has enough high price compared to glass wool.

Video: overview of basalt mineral wool « TechnoNIKOL»

Slag

This type of insulation material is produced from blast-furnace slag. Slag fibers have a length of 14-16 mm, and a thickness of 5-10 microns.

Slag - there are more disadvantages than advantages

Such insulation is able to withstand a maximum temperature of only 285 ÷ 300 degrees, which is much lower than that of other types of mineral wool. When the specified threshold is exceeded, the slag fibers are sintered, and it almost completely loses its thermal insulation qualities.

The material is very hygroscopic, that is, it is quickly saturated with moisture, which also leads to the loss of its main sound and heat-insulating properties, and mold and rot may appear inside the mats.

In addition, rodents calmly settle in this material, arranging nests and passages in it. It is especially important to take this into account if the insulation is chosen for a private house.

When installing slag, as in the first two cases, it is necessary to protect the skin, respiratory tract and eyes from the ingress of small prickly fibers. In this case, they are not as numerous as those of glass wool, but in order to get skin irritation, a few such splinters are enough.

In addition, residual acidity is present in the composition of slag wool, therefore, if this material is used for external insulation or in a room with high humidity, then it will aggressively affect the metal parts walking next to it, including the reinforcing belt of insulated structures. Hence the conclusion that equipped with slag wool is absolutely not suitable for insulating water and sewer pipes.

The price for slag wool is significantly lower than for glass or basalt wool. However, you should not choose it precisely according to this criterion, since not only money can be wasted, but such insulation can seriously harm the health of residents of an apartment or house.

Prices for mineral wool Ursa Terra

mineral wool Ursa

Basalt mineral wool brands

So, the indisputable leader in terms of performance is still basalt insulation. Despite the increased cost, zealous owners choose it. However, one should not forget about one more criterion that you need to pay attention to when choosing. It is about the density of a specific type of material, since the scope of this heat insulator will depend on this parameter.

If you are going to purchase one or another type of mineral wool, you need to carefully study the packaging and check if the GOSTs that must be observed during the production process are indicated:

• Mineral wool slabs - GOST 9573–96.

• Mineral wool stitched mats - GOST 21880–94.

Mineral wool slabs of increased rigidity - PPZh

• Plates of increased rigidity (PPZh) - GOST 22950–95.

Knowing all the information about the types of mineral wool, it will be quite possible to determine whether they are suitable for insulating a house or its any part. In any case, even if it is decided to purchase another heat-insulating material, then you should also carefully study its technical characteristics.

Alternative to mineral wool - extruded polystyrene foam

In some cases, the use of mineral wool is impractical or even impossible. Synthetic insulation comes to the rescue, among which the most used is expanded polystyrene. About physical and operational, one of the most popular varieties of extruded polystyrene foam - in a special publication of our portal.

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Peat thermal insulation products are produced in the form of plates with dimensions 1000x500x30 mm, segments and shells to enhance the thermal resistance of brick, cinder-concrete and stone walls, for thermal insulation of pipelines, the temperature of which does not exceed 100 ° C, as well as for thermal insulation of refrigerators. Peat slabs are moisture-absorbing and combustible, the flash point is 160 ° C, therefore they must be protected from direct exposure to moisture and fire. The bulk mass of peat slabs averages 170 kg / m 3 and waterproof slabs 220 kg / m3, bending strength of at least 3 kg / cm 2, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.05 kcal / mhgrad.

The raw material for the production of peat slabs is young homogeneous peat with a pronounced fibrous structure, consisting of mosses and medium. The degree of decomposition of these mosses should not exceed 12% and should not be less than 5%. Peat is mined in quarries mainly by excavators.

Peat heat-insulating slabs are made mainly by the wet method. To do this, lump peat is crushed into chips on the so-called dragging machine, which is a toothed roller (one of the rollers rotates at a speed of 60 rpm, the other - 300 rpm). The peat crumb crushed in a dragging machine is fed into the digesters to obtain hydromass, consisting of 5-6% dry fiber and 94-95% water. This hydromass in vats is heated with live steam to 60-65 ° C and mixed or impregnated with some chemical reagents (sodium fluoride NaF, ammonium salt, orthophosphoric acid (NH4) ZPO4, sodium fluorosilicate Na2SiF6, etc.) to increase water and biostability, and also to reduce the flammability of products. The duration of hydromass cooking is on average 20-25 minutes.

Peat slabs of various sizes are produced from peat hydromass on presses of various designs. The plates are pressed in metal molds equipped with appropriate devices for water drainage. The final moisture content of the formed boards is 85-88%.

Subsequently, the plates are dried in dryers of various systems. During drying, excess moisture is removed, the colloids in the peat become irreversible, and the resins released from the peat stick together its fibers, which increases the strength and water resistance of the products. The maximum temperature of the coolant in the dryer should not exceed 150-160 ° C. The drying time is about 30 hours. Dry products with a moisture content of 12-15% are first kept in the warehouse, and then sorted and processed in a cold way (cut, glued, etc.) to give them the appropriate shape and size.

Reed is a thermal insulation board made of reed, the stems of which are fastened with galvanized steel wire. The dimensions of the running reed slabs are: 2400, 2600 and 2800 mm in length, 550, 950, 1150 and 1500 mm in width and 30, 50, 70 and 100 mm thick. The bulk density of the reed is in the range of 175-250 kg / m 3. Moisture on average 18% "and ultimate strength in bending 5 kg / cm 2 (10-1 MPa). Depending on the location of the stems, reed slabs can be longitudinal and transverse.

The stalks of one-year-old mature reed with a diameter of 7-15 mm are used as raw material for obtaining reeds. In addition, products such as reeds can be made from the stems of lake reeds, rushes and similar plants, which have flexible stems with longitudinal air channels in them.

The stalks for obtaining reeds are harvested in the autumn-winter period of the year in such a way that they do not stand in the winter in the bud. Plates are made by mechanized presses, on which the supplied stems are first cut along the length with circular knives, placed in plates, pressed and stitched with eight rows of galvanized steel piercing wire 1.6-2 mm in diameter. Pressed slabs can be sent to the consumer for use when filling the frames of the outer walls of low-rise buildings, for the installation of internal partitions and insulation of floors. To reduce the air permeability of the outer reed walls, they are plastered.

In the climate in which we live, the issues of thermal insulation and warming of premises will always be relevant. For this, manufacturers are developing a wide variety of types of insulation that can be found in stores. They are made of various materials and have distinctive properties. Each of them has its pros and cons. One of the main indicators of an insulating material is its flammability.

Heat-resistant insulation: types of material

Heat-resistant non-combustible thermal insulation materials have the widest range of applications. They are used in the installation of ceilings, walls, roofs, ventilation and pipelines. It is also not replaceable in the construction of baths and saunas. However, not all insulating materials can be equally applied to all objects. There are preferred application features.

Types of non-combustible insulation:

1. Basalt mineral wool. Fire-resistant fibrous soundproof material, which is obtained by melting mixtures of metallurgical waste. He is not only incapable of burning, but also does not undergo any changes under the influence high temperatures... Today, it is this material that is most actively used for insulating ceilings, houses, facades, and other building elements. However, when choosing, you should pay special attention to the cost of cotton wool - cheap varieties have lower fire safety indicators. This material is environmentally friendly and safe for health.
2. Foamed glass. A material that consists of the smallest cells. It is made from glass breakage. The low flammability of the insulation allows it to be used on any operating units.
3. Glass wool. This material also does not burn and at the same time possesses reasonable price... It is also made from broken glass. However, it has disadvantages, which include the danger to humans if the production technology is not followed. However, cotton wool has strength, heat resistance and hygroscopicity, which are much higher than its basalt counterpart.
4. Perlite. This material is widely used in construction. It has excellent "fluidity", perfectly fills the voids of the masonry. It is not subject to corrosion and decay, and cockroaches, ants, and other insects start up.

It should be noted that for each purpose of use, it is necessary to choose a certain non-combustible insulation. This also determines the form of release of this building material... In terms of shape and structure, it can be foil-coated material, backfill, blocks, cotton wool, mats, rolls, mats, plates, and also liquid.

Refractory insulation: material oxygen index

The oxygen index of the insulation is the degree of fire safety of the material, showing the minimum amount of oxygen per unit volume of the insulation.

The oxygen index has several flammability thresholds:

• 40% – high level, polymers of a composite sample;
• 31% - cellular and fibrous and non-combustible insulation;
• 20% are building materials that burn well in the air.

When choosing a heater for your needs, first of all, you need to pay attention to this indicator.

Universal refractory insulation expanded clay: application

Expanded clay, as a non-combustible heat insulator, has a huge advantage over other materials, and it can be used in any construction works, including when installing fire hazardous objects. It has long been widely used in the construction of factory furnaces. And only it was used before modern mineral wool insulation appeared on the market.

Application of expanded clay:

• It is used as an underlying base when constructing a blind area made of concrete;
• They are laid as an insulating layer for floors on the first floors of multi-storey buildings;
• When arranging attic floors;

When erecting roofs on especially large construction sites, such as buildings of industrial workshops, supermarkets, social and cultural institutions, a layer of expanded clay is poured as insulation before arranging the screed and roof.

Rigid insulation for walls and ceilings

Each building material has its own pros and cons. But then what, and even non-combustible, to choose for the walls?

One of the most important characteristics of a heat-insulating material is an indicator of thermal conductivity. The lower it is, the better. It is for this factor that it is worth choosing an insulating wall covering in the first place. However, it must be remembered that the walls account for only 20% of the heat loss. In this regard, in order to achieve the desired effect, it will be necessary to insulate the rest of the house as well.

Experts say that it is most effective to insulate a house from the outside. For this, it is important to know the ability of the material, such as vapor permeability. It is also necessary to pay attention to how the material resists the impact environment... If you want to insulate the house from the inside, then you should pay attention to the eco-safety of the material, as well as the absence of toxic substances in its composition.

In private construction, non-combustible insulation is used when installing the following objects:

• Chimney;
• Ceiling;
• Wooden houses;
• Cars;
• Saunas;
• Baths;
• Fireplaces;
• Boilers.

In addition, this type of insulation is used in the construction of garages.

Non-combustible thermal insulation materials: the principle of choice

Considering that there are a large number of heat-resistant and insulating materials, it is usually difficult for a person to navigate what kind of material is better to purchase for carrying out certain installation work. To do right choice, you need to decide on the type of work and find out which heat-resistant insulation is suitable for it.

Price will be of great importance in making your choice. You should know that the quality of the material directly depends on the price and vice versa. The more requirements we meet the material, the more expensive it will cost.

Properties that a non-combustible material must meet:

• Heat resistance
• Heat resistance (high temperature indicator);
• Moisture resistance;
• Fire resistance;
• Vapor barrier;
• Waterproofing.

All these qualities must be present in the correct insulation, which does not require replacement soon and will give the desired effect.

Types of non-combustible heaters (video)

Non-combustible insulation makes it possible not only to protect the microclimate of the house from heat exchange with cold outside air. It also provides him with safety as protection against fire and fire, the likelihood of which is minimized. Fire resistant modern materials can be used in the construction of any buildings, be it industrial facilities or residential buildings.