What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

With a grinder.

This article will guide you in the world of abrasive wheels and will help you to accurately and quickly decipher the conventions applied by the manufacturer.

Marking - Symbols

Abrasive wheels are specially marked in the form of inscriptions and / or color marks and contains:

1. Circle type

In theory, there should be a digital designation:

1- straight profile,

41 - cutting discs,

42 - discs with a recessed center.

But in practice it will be an inscription in Russian and / or English: "cut-off wheel" - cutting wheel, grinding wheel - grinding wheel, flap wheel.

2. Circle dimensions

On the manufacturer's website (see table below) it is stated as follows:

D - outer diameter,

T - height,

H is the hole diameter.

In practice, however, it will generally be in the following format: outer diameter x thickness x inner diameter.

Or even something like this:

3. The material for which the disc is intended for processing

It is indicated by an inscription on the circle ("metal" or "steel" - for metal processing, "concrete" - for working with concrete), a colored mark (blue - steel, green - concrete).

Also, sometimes a graphic image of the material is additionally applied, which relieves us of the need to read the inscriptions once again.

In the circle shown in the picture above, the inscription metal and the image of sheet metal, metal pipe, roofing sheet metal and channel bars clearly demonstrate the material that can be processed.

4. Abrasive material from which the circle is made

Legend is available in the table below.

5. Granularity. Sizes of abrasive particles

This parameter is indicated on the circle in conventional units and indicates the fraction of the abrasive based on international marking standards.

Also, variations from one version of GOST to another are possible here.

6. Hardness

See the table below.

7. Bundle type

Bakelite, ceramics or synthetic rubber are used as a binder.

7.1. Ceramic bond

V (K is the old designation). In the case of a ceramic base, the tool is characterized by high fireproof, waterproof and chemical characteristics, qualitatively saving the working edge. However, such a disc for a grinder is sensitive to mechanical shock and bending loads. Vitrified bonded wheels are used for almost all types of grinding, except for roughing.

7.2. Bakelite bond

B (B - old designation). Considering the bakelite base, I would like to note that such circles for the grinder have higher elasticity and resilience than their ceramic counterparts. The disadvantage of such a binder is its low resistance to alkaline components included in the cooling liquid.

In addition, circles based on bakelite are weaker than ceramic analogues in adhesion of abrasive grain and, therefore, can mainly be used for flat type grinding. Discs for grinders on a bakelite bond are used for handicrafts by rough abrasion or on suspended wall surfaces.

At the same time, bakelite circles have a polishing effect. For the purpose of cutting steel products, a soft bond and fine abrasive are used. In turn, for non-ferrous metals, it is advisable to use a hard bond with a coarse abrasive.

7.3. Volcanic bond

It is a vulcanized synthetic rubber. The abrasive wheel is marked with the letter (R). The old designation is (B). This option is exotic and is extremely rare.

8. Mach. the number of revolutions at which the disc can be used

The range varies from 6,600 to 13,300 rpm. An important parameter! If you neglect it, then the circle during work can scatter into separate fragments.

9. Accuracy class

АА, А and B. АА - high accuracy of geometric parameters А - Intermediate option. B- for less critical operations.

10. Manufacturer

I suppose no clarification is required here.

11. Expiry date

The expiration date is applied by the manufacturer to metal part the bore hole from the outside. The expiration date is the date of manufacture plus 3 years. The quarter is indicated by the letter V. The number indicates the month.

Important! Pay attention to the expiration date.

12. Safety pictograms

I guess that no one cares about them, but in addition to the banal "wear headphones" something really worthwhile can be applied. For example, do not use for face grinding.

An example of decryption from the website of JSC AbrazivKhimSbyt

Cutting wheel 125mm in size, 2mm thick, bore 22.23mm, made using normal electrocorundum grinding grain, grit P36. On bakelite bond with reinforcing elements.

Pivot table

EXTREMELY SOFT

H, I, J (M1, M2, M3)

MEDIUM SOFT

O, P, Q (CT1, CT2, CT3)

MEDIUM FIRM

EXTREMELY SOLID

EXTREMELY SOLID

Memorizing all of the above is optional. Bookmark this page and watch directly before purchasing, for example from your phone.

Despite the fact that the real name of the "grinder" is an angle grinder (angle grinder), the main purpose of this popular tool is cutting materials. Everyone imagines how much effort it took to cut a metal corner or water pipe using a hacksaw for metal. The cutting disc mounted on the angle grinder will cope with such work in a few seconds.

The grinder is a versatile tool that allows you to perform the following main types of work:

• Cutting metal, stone and others solid materials;
• Grinding in all its forms, from sanding to mirror polishing;
• Peeling materials from paint, adhesives and corrosion.

For these works, various attachments (discs) are used.

Various attachments for the grinder

The most popular are cutting discs. With their help, you can cut, shape or cut almost any material with a grinder. There are such types of work that cannot be performed without application. For example, cut out square hole for ventilation in metal garage doors. Of course, in addition to the specification for different types of machined surfaces, the discs have mechanical parameters.

Description of the technical characteristics of the cut-off wheel

The main indicator is the size of the disk. It determines the basic capabilities, especially the depth of cut. But a large diameter is not always a good thing.

Firstly, a larger angle grinder is required to use it. Moreover, a more powerful grinder is needed not only to ensure the rim of the disc. For the promotion of a 230 mm diameter cutter, the engine power of 0.75 - 1 kW will not be enough.

Secondly, large dimensions require space. Agree, cutting off the rusted stud of the exhaust manifold under the bottom of your car is much easier using a compact grinder with a small disc diameter. Many home craftsmen do not discard half-cut discs just for such "jewelry" work.

Another example of using a small diameter is cutting out reinforcement from a reinforced concrete wall when installing a switch or a block of automatic machines for an electric meter. But to cut a corner of "eighty" for the construction of a fence or shed in the yard, it will be possible only with a disc of 150 mm or more.

Typical sizes of cutting discs:

Disks "Foreman" an example of different sizes

When choosing a disc for a grinder (angle grinder), first of all, you must adhere to the diameter set for a particular model.

In the article we will talk about:

And this is really very important point, because quite often, in order to increase the depth of cut or the area of ​​the processed surface, some "craftsmen" remove the protective cover and install a circle of superior dimensions.

Firstly, because of this, the tool itself breaks down much faster (the gearbox breaks down), and secondly, quite severe injuries occur. The fact is that each disc for a grinder has restrictions on maximum revolutions or, in other words, on rotation speed.

The wider the diameter of the circle, the lower the revolutions should be. That is why large discs at high speeds very often simply burst, and given the fact that there is no protective casing, the consequences can be dire.

What are the grinder discs in diameter

There are 5 main modifications in total:

• ∅ 115 mm
• ∅ 125 mm
• ∅ 150 mm
• ∅ 180 mm
• ∅ 230 mm

The most popular are grinders, and accordingly discs ∅ 125 and 230 mm. In everyday life, small models are most often used, while in professional work, a more powerful and productive tool is used.

How to choose a disc for a grinder to work with various materials

The versatility of the grinder lies in the fact that it can not only cut almost any material, but also grind all kinds of surfaces or sharpen the tool. The main thing is to choose the right disc. So what are the grinder discs? The main groups are as follows:

• detachable
• stripping (sharpening)
• grinding (roughing)

In turn, there are several varieties in each group. Cutting discs are available in abrasive, diamond and wood. The former, as a rule, are designed for cutting metal, although there are abrasive wheels for concrete.

They differ in the components used in production, and the buyer can distinguish them by the color on the information sticker ( for metal - blue, for concrete - green), according to the inscription ( metal - "Steel", concrete - "Concrete") or from a schematic representation of a specific material.

Diamond cutting discs are intended exclusively for stone, concrete or ceramic products. Most frequent question, arising from home craftsmen, with what disc to cut tiles with a grinder? In general, for these purposes, continuous-sprayed discs without segmentation, grooves and slots are recommended, since they leave a minimum of chips on the enamel.

However, they are used in conjunction with water cooling, that is, on special electric tile cutters with a continuous supply of water. For domestic purposes, you can use segmented discs, which are also suitable for red and silicate bricks, paving stones, concrete, paving slabs etc. It is not recommended to continuously work with any diamond wheels for more than 2 minutes, since, despite the cooling grooves, notches and grooves around the entire circumference, they heat up very quickly during a dry cut.

Another common question is how to cut thick rubber or car tire? You can perform this operation with a grinder, for example, with a diamond disc. But you need to do this on outdoors, as when heated, rubber gives off a pungent odor and can even smoke.

You need to be very careful with tires, as there is a metal court in the middle of the ramp. The diamond will undoubtedly cut it, but small particles of metal can bounce off at the same time. In addition, the rubber very often grips the disc, so you need to unclench the edges during the cutting process.

There are special saw blades for cutting wood. This is the most dangerous type of circles, as even with the slightest contact with hands or fingers, they leave severe injuries. They are recommended to be used only if the grinder is permanently attached to the workbench.

If this is not possible, you need to work as carefully as possible, in no case remove the protective cover, do not press on the tool, do not make any sudden movements, be sure to wear a mask and tight-fitting seals. It is better to choose discs for a grinder for a tree with a fine tooth, since such circles are less likely to provoke a kickback effect.

What are grinder sharpening and grinding wheels?

Grinding abrasive discs are of two types: flat and bowl. In the first case, the circles are practically no different from the edged counterparts. The only difference lies in their thickness, which is at least 5 mm or more.

Cup-shaped varieties are more convenient to use, as they allow you to cover more of the treated surface in one pass. Such discs are used for a grinder in order to clean weld seams or sharpen cutting tools.

Grinding or grinding wheels are of four types:

1. Flap (emery) discs for grinders are mainly used when removing old paint or varnish, sanding wood surfaces.
2. In order to clean the surface from stubborn dirt or rust, special wire nozzles are used.
3. Diamond bowl-shaped modifications are designed for stone polishing.
4. For metal polishing, rubber or plastic discs are ideal, to which replaceable emery or abrasive mesh is attached.

Which side to put the disc on the grinder?

This is the easiest question to answer. The flat circle is placed with the markings outward. Cup-shaped modifications can only be placed in one position, so there is no mistake here.

By the way, professionals say that it makes no difference which side to put the disc on the grinder. Their conviction is based on the fact that on circles, even professional ones, there is no arrow-pointer in which direction the rotation should take place. Therefore, the installation can be carried out by either party.

Video:

(Bulgarian) refers to a tool with which they perform diverse work: they cut, clean, grind, polish, brush. To do this, use discs for the grinder and different types nozzles. The main thing is to make the right choice of consumables. The attachment must correspond to the operation to be performed on a specific grinder model. They are produced in a large assortment, each type is used to solve a specific problem or several operations. You can buy them in the retail network from Russian and foreign manufacturers at different prices. Consider the main types of nozzles, their purpose and selection features.

Grinder wheels are replaceable elements. When working with different materials, you need to understand their types. This will help to perform the required operation. Circles are classified according to the following parameters:

• by appointment;
• type of work performed;
• constructive performance;
• type of cutting;
• material of manufacture;
• sizes.

According to the purpose, there are nozzles for performing work on metal, wood, stone, concrete, marble, etc. Manufacturers indicate the purpose in the marking, which is applied directly to the product itself. Many varieties are versatile tools suitable for processing several types of materials.

By the type of work performed, which is indicated in the name, manufacturers produce the following attachments for angle grinders:

• cleaning (metal brushes, with a mandrel, batch);
• roughing (grinding wheels, twisted cutters, rough diamond);
• sawing. The presence of teeth on the cutting edge is a design feature of the product. This allows you to get a high-purity cut on wood, plasterboard, gas silicate, plywood and other similar materials;
• detachable. Cutting and diamond discs are produced with a solid cutting edge and divided into segments;
• grinding (discs with varying degrees of grain and hardness);
• polishing (felt, felt, with special Velcro and grinding);
• for cutting seams in asphalt, concrete, etc .;
• milling (for cutting grooves, bowls, edging, etc.);
• sharpening. Salient feature- the ability to perform operations with a lateral surface.

The disc is a product of a certain diameter and thickness, having a bore for attachment to a grinder with a cutting edge of a solid, segmented or shaped configuration. The choice of a specific type depends on the operation being performed and the material on which it will be carried out. Cutting with these nozzles can be done dry, wet or in combination. The marking indicates this feature.

Discs by material of manufacture are abrasive, carbide, diamond and brush. The basis of the wheels of the first type is a special latex paper or fiber, on which an abrasive layer with a binder is applied. The fiber tip is supplied with a rubber or plastic backing pad. Carbide wheel is a product made of alloy steel. These consumables can be used to cut aluminum, stainless steel, high carbon steel and other materials as indicated in the marking.

Diamond discs are a universal consumable. It is a steel product, the surface of which is diamond-coated. This allows for the finest cut in any material. Popular products, popularly called turtles, are a type of nozzle made on a flexible base, has a corrugated structure and is attached with Velcro. In addition, they produce diamond blades with a solid edge for cutting wet way, segment and turbo segment for dry cutting and combined.

Standard disc sizes

The dimensions of the grinders are standardized. The table shows the main specifications nozzles for grinders:

The sizes of non-standardized wheels may differ from those indicated in the table if they are made according to the manufacturer's specifications.

Cutting discs

Cut-off, or they are also called abrasive, discs for grinders are used most often. Electrocorundum or silicon carbide of various sizes and hardness is used as abrasive grains. Nozzles are produced on bakelite (with and without reinforcing elements) and vulcanite bundle flat and with a recessed center. The latter type cuts on metal with an emulsion, since it has a low degree of heat resistance and cannot work under increased loads. Discs differ according to the material with which they can work. There is an inscription and color in the marking of such products. Decoding of inscriptions in the table:

If there is a strip on the disc of blue color, then the circle is designed to work with metal, green - with concrete.

The circle markings are clearly shown in the figure.

Products on a vulcanite bond operate at a speed of 50 to 80 m / s, on a bakelite bond - from 80 to 100 m / s.

The disc itself indicates the date until which it can be used, that is, the expiration date. If it is on a vulcanite bond, then this period does not exceed 1 year, on a bakelite bond - 6 months.

The degree of surface cleaning depends on the grain size. Distinctive feature roughing wheels - they have the same bore diameter equal to 22 mm. They are available with outside diameters of 115, 125, 150, 180 and 230 mm and thicknesses from 3 to 20 mm.

This group of products includes cord brushes, work surface which is a metal wire. Products are called twisted cones and are bowl-shaped and disc-shaped.

Grinding discs

Products of this group allow you to grind with the required degree of roughness on metal and wood. The size of the grain plays an important role. The finer the grain size, the higher the quality of the sanding surface. Manufacturers produce wheels with the following grain size: 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000. Consumables can be made of emery, have a spongy, felt, felt or fabric surface.

The felt wheel is used to perform the polishing operation on grinders, which are equipped with a speed control device. Products are made from coarse or fine wool of sheep, cows, goats, camels. The diameter of such circles is from 50 to 150 mm, and they are 25 or 30 mm thick. It is recommended to polish at the speed specified by the manufacturer of the consumable.

With the help of sharpening discs, the edges of the cutting tools are brought into working condition, and welded seams are also cleaned. Available flat and bowl. Distinctive characteristic such products - thickness, it is not less than 5 mm.

How to choose the right disc for a grinder

Wheels for the grinder in the retail network can be bought in a varied assortment and for gentle and high prices... With products made from different materials and using different technologies, they perform diverse operations. What are the basic rules for choosing and what to look for? It is necessary to clearly know what materials to work with. And you also need to pay attention to such factors:

• diameter and thickness (indicators should not be more than indicated in the passport data for the grinder, or, more simply, the disc should fit into a protective casing);
• landing size (must correspond to the diameter of the grinder's spindle);
• rotation speed (it must correspond to the type of grinder, it is indicated on the disc itself);
• type of cutting (dry, wet or combined).

The rules that must be followed to make the products last longer are simple. For hard materials, discs with a soft binding are chosen, for soft materials - with a hard one. The working area during operations should not overheat. Therefore, it is recommended to periodically remove the disc from the material to cool it down. You cannot make a cut in one pass. great depth... Do not press the product with great force and work on increased speeds... Remember: if in the process of work there is a beating of the disc, cracks appear on it, you cannot cut it with such a consumable. It needs to be replaced.

The video describes in detail and clearly about the discs for the grinder:

Among construction tools the Bulgarian stands out for its versatility. I changed the nozzle - and cutting tool turned into grinding. Any type of work in which it is necessary to use rotary motion is possible. Let's deal with the assortment and purpose of one category of attachments - grinding wheels.

Types of attachments

Grinder attachments differ in shape, thickness, diameter, material of manufacture and are divided into four groups:

• detachable;
• polishing and grinding;
• for sharpening;
• peeling nozzles.

The most extensive and widely used group are cut-off wheels. Most often, consumables are purchased for working on wood, stone, metal, diamond wheels. The diameter of the tool can be from 115 to 230 mm, the thickness is 1 - 3.2 mm, the larger the diameter, the thicker the disc. Special abrasives are applied to the cutting surface of the stone. It is advisable to use discs for wood and metal in conjunction with a device for a stationary installation of a grinder, otherwise the work may cost a few fingers. It is preferable to work with fine-toothed discs.

Diamond cut any materials, usually used when laying porcelain stoneware, tiles, reinforced concrete. The edge of the diamond wheel can be torn or solid, and the size of the diamond particles: larger or smaller.

Grinding and Polishing Wheels

Grinding performs the following types of work:

• grinding;
• cleaning;
• peeling;
• elimination of rust;
• polishing.

This is the most numerous group of attachments that can be:

• with replaceable emery wheels;
• with a spongy surface;
• felt;
• tissue.

Most often for working on such a paste or liquid with fine abrasive particles. Primary grinding of metal is carried out on wheels with a low-abrasive surface, finishing - on felt, fabric. The various surfaces of the grinding wheels allow you to bring the processed material to any degree of smoothness, be it metal or wood. They are so convenient that they are used in auto repair shops for polishing car bodies.

• cup;
• petal;
• fiber;
• brush cord.

The petal attachments are designed for wood processing, for example, peeling off old coatings.

Cup wheels are used when working on concrete and stone, less often on metal. A low-power angle grinder will not cope with such a tool and will quickly burn out. Therefore, they are installed only on powerful grinders. In addition, the curved shape allows you to get close to hard-to-reach areas. Grinding is done more accurately, since the fixing nut does not protrude.

Sharpening discs and roughing bits

• grinding abrasive discs;
• twisted cutters;
• rough diamond.

Sharpening abrasives are used for sharpening tools, cleaning welding places. They are quite thick (from 5 mm), there is a depression on the inner surface. An example is fiber discs, they clean the welding places from scale, remove oxidation traces well. Diamond roughing bits only work with stone or concrete.

Twisted cones, they are metal brushes or wire brushes differ in size and shape, maximum rotation speed. Most often they are used to remove traces of metal oxidation, wood brushing.

Grinding wheel selection

When choosing a circle for a grinder, the following points are important:

• the diameter of the disc must correspond to the maximum allowable for the specific tool. Otherwise, the consumable may collapse due to exceeding the maximum permissible rotation speed. The power of the tool may not be sufficient for rotation large circle... Using large diameter it is necessary to remove the protective cover, and this is dangerous to the health of the worker;
• processed material: it is advisable to prefer specialized discs to universal ones, for example, for wood;
• maximum permissible linear speed: information about it is printed on the package or the side surface of the consumable. The operating mode of the grinder is selected depending on this indicator.

Review and testing of the grinding disc, making a felt disc with your own hands: