What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

In our fast-paced time, all new products appear on the building materials market, which succeed in many respects of their predecessors. An interesting fact is that some building materials can be made at home. The Russian people, not spoiled by money and the benefits of civilization, can come up with a lot in order to save money and self-actualize.

Hand-made production of block building materials

A clear confirmation of this is the do-it-yourself machine for blocks. It will be needed by amateurs who can build a barn, a bathhouse, a garage, and even a residential building themselves, from their foam blocks, gas blocks, ceramic blocks, cinder blocks, sawdust-concrete (arbolite) and other blocks with different fillers. Knowing the proportion of the constituent parts, experimenting with the incoming ingredients, you can make a block building material with your own hands for the construction of any premises and even for laying the foundation.

Various number of cells in the form

Depending on the scale of production and capabilities, molds for blocks are made with their own hands, designed for 1-2 products, 6-8 ed., 10-14 pcs., 21-30 units. and others (photo 1). They are designed for the manufacture of solid blocks and products with cavities of various shapes. By changing the dimensions of the matrix, you can produce blocks suitable for walls and foundations. Therefore, the size of the blocks and their number can be different (f.2). For the convenience of removing the finished product, a collapsible design should be provided. The material for making molds can be metal, waterproof plywood, wood. Forms are a kind of removable formwork that allows you to make high-quality building material with the desired specified characteristics.

Photo 1 - Forms for blocks of various sizes
Photo 2 - Building hollow blocks

Photo 3 - Blanks of walls for forms
Photo 4 - Cylinders for filling voids

Stages of making molds for blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of metal matrices, you will need b-3 mm sheet steel and a metal pipe D 8 mm to form voids, as well as a grinder, welding machine, other work tools.

• Blanks for the walls are being prepared. They can be cut at home with a 450x210 and 220x210 grinder, 2 zags each. The bottom of the form should have a side 3-3.5 cm high and a handle. Notches are made on the walls (f.3).
• For making voids cylinders are required (photo 4). For this, the required number of blanks is cut from the pipe at the rate of 3 units. for 1 block. The height should be a few mm less than the height of the walls. To give the pipe billet a tapered shape, on one side, cut the pipe halfway and clamp it in a vice. Each pipe blank must be welded on both sides to form hollow plugged cylinders (fillers). They are welded to the bar, then inserted into the mold and the bar is welded to the walls of the mold (f. 5).
• Weld all seams necessary outside.
• Thick-walled plate make a press with holes with a diameter exceeding the diameter of the hollow cylinders. The press should go on the die by about 50 mm. Handles are welded to the press (photo 6).

Do-it-yourself ready-made forms for blocks do not require large costs. People who do not have special qualifications can work with them. The main thing is to perform the correct kneading and compact the contents.

Photo 5 - Hollow cylinders are welded to the bar
Photo 6 - Making a hand press

Photo 7 - Drawing homemade machine with vibration motor
Photo 8 - Step-by-step manufacture of a block machine with your own hands

DIY block machines

In order to compact the mixture for block building materials well, you can use a vibrating table or make a machine for blocks with your own hands with a vibrator attached to the sidewall. Photo 7 shows a drawing of a vibration machine. Finished construction equipped with handles that help to remove the matrix without damaging the raw concrete. Wheels welded to the base frame create a moving device.

Photo 8 suggests a phased production of equipment for one piece. It is similar to making molds without a motor. The attached vibrator makes the work easier and makes the finished building material better. The use of machine tools for the manufacture of building blocks is not difficult at all. But, when working with it, you should adhere to safety precautions.

The modern building materials market offers a wide range of wall blocks. But not everyone knows that it is quite possible to reduce the cost of building a private house, summer house, garage or utility room. It is enough, instead of buying a brick or cinder block, to make them yourself. To do this, you need to use a machine for the production of blocks, and if the budget does not allow, make a vibratory pressing machine yourself.

Inexpensive factory models of vibrating machines do not have high productivity, but this is not required for private use. True, to buy a machine for construction small house, where about a thousand blocks of standard size will be required, will not be entirely profitable. Therefore, as an option, you can consider renting equipment for a certain period. This will be enough for the procurement of building materials for future use.

Do-it-yourself factory machine for making building blocks

Varieties of building blocks

Brick is still the main material in the construction of high-rise buildings, but for low-rise construction it is cheaper to use other building materials. If you exclude wood, which is now expensive, the choice will still be varied. Modern wall materials are made from:

• foam concrete;
• slag concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• expanded clay concrete.

Block characteristics comparison table

As a filler for cinder blocks, a variety of and sometimes exotic materials are used that are industrial waste: screenings, glass and brick breakage, sawdust, wood chips.

Let us first consider how expanded clay blocks and cinder blocks are independently made, as the most budgetary among all the above building materials.

Do-it-yourself expanded clay blocks

If in your region there are no problems with expanded clay, you can consider that you are lucky: expanded clay concrete, despite its cheapness, is rarely found on sale, but this building material is characterized by a whole range positive properties. For the manufacture of expanded clay blocks you will need:

• actually expanded clay;
• cement;
• sand;
• water.

The main material for creating the mixture will be fine expanded clay.

When mixing the solution, it is important to adhere to a certain sequence: expanded clay is added to the water, then cement, and finally sand. The proportions of the solution are as follows: for nine liters of water, use 54 kg of expanded clay, 9 kg of cement and 27 kg of sand. You get a mixture weighing about 100 kilograms, with the output of finished blocks in the amount of 9-10 pieces.

Manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete blocks

If it is not possible to use a specialized machine (such equipment is not cheap), expanded clay concrete can be produced on a non-industrial scale using special matrices. You will also need a suitable container for mortar, a level platform and formwork made of wood or metal in the shape of the letter "E".

A concrete mixer - a standard equipment in a builder's arsenal - will reduce temporary losses and reduce labor costs. With a shortage of time, the problem is solved by using a vibrating machine, a simple model of such a machine can be made independently.

To do this, it is enough to attach a low-power, but high-speed electric motor to the form, which is converted with the help of an eccentric into a full-fledged vibrator. The vibrations of the matrix force the mixture to be distributed in the mold as tightly and evenly as possible, improving the strength characteristics of the finished product. Factory-made vibropresses have the maximum performance: professional machines are equipped with additional equipment that allows you to automate the process, eliminating heavy manual labor. But there are a lot of such vibropressing machines.

DIY cinder block production

Expanded clay is an excellent and inexpensive material for making building blocks, but an even more economical way of building construction is to use cinder blocks. Possessing comparable characteristics in terms of sound and heat insulation, slag concrete is made of materials, the cost of which is an order of magnitude lower.

The industry is not interested in making cinder block building material - it is more economically profitable to produce expensive analogs ( building blocks from foam concrete, aerated concrete, brick). But special equipment for the formation of blocks from cinder-concrete is on sale, and a lot. The range of prices for such vibrating machines is huge: from simple models with a static matrix, which can be easily assembled in garage conditions from scrap materials, to fully automated lines.

Cinder block: manufacturing technology

A modern cinder block has dimensions of 188x190x390 mm, solid building material is characterized by sufficient strength for arranging foundations and multi-storey construction, hollow ones are used in all other cases. Voids can be round, rectangular or square, the amount varies from one to 8-10 voids, the void index is in the range of 25-50%. Practically not inferior in strength indicators to monolithic products, hollow cinder blocks can save expensive cement by almost half.

For quick and high-quality mixing of the mixture, it is advisable to use a construction concrete mixer

The filler during production can be:

• coal slag;
• fine gravel;
• crushed stone screening;
• sand;
• waste bricks;
• glass fight;
• ash;
• perlite;
• gypsum;
• sawdust;
• wood chips.

When mixing the solution, the proportions will depend on the composition of the filler. The main condition is that the finished solution does not spread. In the production of slag concrete, cement is used at a grade not lower than M400; to improve the operational properties of the finished product, plasticizers can be added to the solution.

DIY portable machine for making cinder blocks

The factory recipe can serve as a guideline for the independent production of mortar for cinder blocks: for seven parts of blast furnace slag - two parts of coarse sand, one and a half parts of cement and up to three parts of water. The way to check whether the consistency of the solution meets the requirements is simple: we throw a handful on the ground, it should crumble. If you collect the solution and squeeze it in your fist, it should return to the shape of a ball.

It is not necessary to focus on standard dimensions: making blocks with your own hands is an individual process, and many prefer to set up production using multiple dimensions of the form (for example, 200x200x400 mm), which simplifies interfacing with other structural elements of buildings under construction.

Preparation of cinder blocks without special equipment

In the presence of free time and the inability to make the simplest vibrating machine for the production of cinder concrete, it is advisable to use a form, for the walls and bottom of which boards or sheet metal are used. It is preferable to use one matrix for the manufacture of several blocks of cinder-concrete, at least in order to save materials. For the formation of voids in the mold for pouring the solution, bottles, trimmings can be used metal pipes, wooden cylinders or bars.

Manual machine for making cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks at home

The procedure itself is simple: we prepare the solution, pour the cinder concrete into the molds, level it, removing the excess. After a day, the blocks can be carefully removed by spreading them out to dry on a horizontal surface. To protect the finished material from cracking and wetting during drying, cover the cinder-concrete stacks with plastic wrap.

You can use homemade cinder blocks a month after their manufacture. This moment should be taken into account and start making building materials in advance.

We make a vibropressing machine

The addition of slag concrete to the above-described production scheme, a vibrator, makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of products and at the same time speed up the process.

It is not difficult to assemble such a machine; if all the recommendations are followed, this equipment will work no worse than factory counterparts. The simplest option vibrocompression machine involves the use of a homemade matrix, vibrator and hand press. To reduce physical activity the hand press can be improved by using a lever system.

Drawing of a homemade machine with a vibration motor for the manufacture of cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks

A set of tools and materials required to make a vibrating machine with a metal mold:

• welding machine;
• Bulgarian,
• a set of keys;
• vice;
• sheet metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm;
• pipes for creating voids with a diameter of 8-10 mm;
• channel bars, metal strips;
• low-power electric motor (up to 1 kW);
• connecting elements (bolts, nuts, cotter pins).

The main element of the machine for making blocks with your own hands is a matrix, the size and shape of which are selected based on production needs.

The sequence of actions in the manufacture of a homemade vibrating machine:

• Using a grinder from sheet material, we cut out the walls of the matrix. If the form is intended for the manufacture of several block products, we provide for the presence of an appropriate number of partitions in the matrix.
• We cut off the required number of blanks from the pipe (at the rate of 3 pieces per brick), the height of which should be 3-5 mm less than the matrix height. The taper of the pipes is achieved using the following technique: we cut the pipe in half and squeeze the workpiece in a vice (for thick-walled pipes a lathe can be used).

Drawing for the manufacture of a machine with lightweight extrusion of building blocks

• Each pipe section is welded tightly on both sides.
• We weld the plates to the pipes, connecting them together. For fastening to the walls, it is better to provide a removable connection, which will allow, if necessary, to remove the restraints for the production of monolithic cinder blocks.
• Using welding, we fix the bolts for attaching the electric motor to the long outer wall.
• Weld a metal apron on top of the mold.
• We make a press in the form of a thick-walled plate, we provide for the presence of holes with a diameter slightly exceeding the smaller diameter of the limit pipes (so that the press goes to the matrix at a distance of no more than 50 mm).
• We weld the handles to the press.
• Installing the motor. We weld an eccentric on the motor shaft (ordinary bolts are suitable as a material for the eccentric, which are welded parallel to the shaft and leave room for screwing the nuts, which will allow you to adjust the amplitude of oscillations).
• We thoroughly clean the device, polish the surfaces, paint homemade unit for blocks.

Making cinder blocks

It is advisable to prepare the solution using a concrete mixer: the presence of coarse-grained fillers in the composition of the solution makes it difficult to obtain a high-quality mixture manually. Before pouring cinder concrete into the matrix, the surface of the walls must be lubricated with machine oil or a similar product. This will prevent the solution from sticking to the walls of the die.

Pour the mixture into a mold, press down with a press and at the same time turn on the vibrator. After 10-20 seconds, the solution will thicken and form a shrinkage, so we add the mixture to the matrix and repeat the procedure without turning off the vibrator until the pressure plate drops to the level of the stops.

Depending on the weather conditions, the cinder blocks can be removed from the mold either the next day or after three days. Then the material is laid out for natural drying for a month.

As you can see, the main difficulty in the production of wall materials is to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands, observing the required precautions (splitting threaded connections, grounding of the electrical part of the installation). One should not expect super-performance from such a unit, but some design improvement will facilitate the production of cinder blocks: a simple lever system can be provided to press down the press. By welding the wheels to the supporting frame, you can get a mobile version of the device (the so-called "hen").

The purchase of factory machines, equipped with additional equipment for automating the production of cinder-concrete products, will provide an opportunity to organize your own small business. Such professional equipment can be used to produce not only block products. Interchangeable matrices will allow you to form paving slabs, borders, decorative elements - in essence, any analogs of concrete products.

Current employment: For the last 4 years he has been working as an independent consultant in a number of construction companies.

Cinder block is one of the most demanded materials for the construction of walls of one-story buildings. It is distinguished by its low cost and the possibility of its own production at home.

Cinder block - wall stone

This building material is intended for low-rise construction. There is an opinion that if cement of a "high" grade is included in the batch, then from self-made blocks you can make a solid foundation for a bathhouse or a house. However, the foundation blocks must withstand enormous loads, so the blocks should be purchased at the factory, and not made by yourself.

Cinder blocks are:

• hollow;
• corpulent.

Due to sufficient strength characteristics, solid cinder blocks are used for cladding and construction of load-bearing walls, as well as partitions. At the same time, hollow bodies have good heat and sound insulation. Due to the voids, raw materials are significantly saved, which means that the production cost is much lower.

Also, cinder blocks are used as additional insulation when erecting frames.

How to mix a solution to create a cinder block?

The name of the building material "cinder block" speaks for itself. This means that the main component of the solution will be the slag obtained in the blast furnace, which should be sieved through a special sifter (sieve).

We need:

• 7 parts of the main filler (slag will serve as it);
• 2 shares of gravel having a fraction of 5-15 mm;
• one and a half parts of cement (it is best to take the M 400, 500 brand);
• about 3 parts water.

In addition to slag, other components can act as the main element: clay, expanded clay, sand, gravel, crushed stone, gypsum and many others. It should be noted that if you have chosen blast-furnace slag as a filler, then it is prohibited to use other additives. If you want to get a colored cinder block, then chalk or red bricks reduced to small crumbs can be added to the solution (they should be crushed).

In addition, during the production of cinder blocks, make sure that the solution does not spread.

Component name	Qty components	Density, kg / m3	Water absorption,%	Мрз, cycles not less	Compressive strength, kg / cm2
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Crushed stone, kg (m3) Water, l (depending on the moisture content of the components)	500 900 (0,52) 900 (0,52) 100...200	2350	4	200	410
Cement, kg Screening, kg (m3) Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	500 920 (0,54) 1150 (0,7) 100...200	2160	4,5	200	400
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	600 1550 (0,9) 100...190	2200	5,3	200	436

Advice for obtaining durable blocks: a plasticizer must be added to the solution (you can buy it at any hardware store). Then you will get not only durable, but also frost-resistant and waterproof blocks.

When you are going to independently establish the process of creating cinder blocks, you should understand that there is no universal recipe for a solution. Each master, through trial and error, selects his own unique formula. If you are a beginner, then you can resort to the standard one.

Concrete plasticizer prices

plasticizer for concrete

Cinder block production methods

There are two ways to obtain such blocks at your site.

1. With the help of formwork, that is, a form made of lumber or steel sheets.
2. Based on the work of a special machine.

Video - Making a cinder block by hand

Video - Cinder block walking mobile machine

Video - Machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks

Tools and materials for the production of blocks:

• forms (wood or metal), or vibrating table;

  2,3,4 - pallet blanks. 5,6,7 - matrix framing from below (corner 25x25). 8 - strip for fastening hollow cores. 9 - hollow core. 10 - the upper plug of the hollow core. 11 - bottom plug of the hollow core
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

• concrete mixer;
• leveling paddle;
• shovel for filling the solution;
• solution.

Prices for cement-sand mixture

cement-sand mixture

Instructions for self-production of the form

The design of the form is as follows: bottom and side walls. Between a pair of transverse boards or sheets of metal, the crossbars should be fastened at the distance you need. Maintain a step corresponding to the size of the cinder block required.

Since it will be difficult to get the finished product out of the mold, the design of the container should be collapsible. For production efficiency, make a formwork designed to receive 4-6 cinder blocks.

To make a mold in order to create cinder blocks, you will need:

• iron sheets 3 mm thick;
• iron strips 5 mm (several pieces);
• cylinders with a diameter of 4 cm;
• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• chalk for marking.

Welding machine prices

welding machine

Stages of manufacturing a single detachable metal mold

Step 1. We mark the sheet according to the size of the blocks: we need two longitudinal sides and two transverse ones. We cut out our plates with a grinder.

The width of the longitudinal plate is 210 mm, the length is 450 mm, the transverse plate is 210 by 220 mm.

Step 2. Wings, 3.5 cm high, should be welded to the bottom of the mold for the cinder block, so that the mold does not move, and the handle - to quickly release the poured solution from the mold.

Step 3. Notches are made along the contour of the transverse and longitudinal walls in order to hook the form onto the longitudinally installed walls.

Step 4... Putting together our form.

Step 5... To create voids in the cinder block, we make hinged cylinders. They must be welded to a 3-4 mm thick plate, which should seem to penetrate the cylinders closer to the top. We make notches on the end walls of our container to hook them.

Video - DIY mold for cinder blocks

Production of cinder blocks using a split mold

Forms have any dimensions. The standard dimensions of the structure are 90x190x188 mm, in private construction, other dimensions can be used, for example, 40x20x20 cm. In order to save material, it is better to use forms with cells for 4-6 blocks and cylinders (squares) to create cavities.

Metal homemade uniform(detachable) is as follows.

Consider the step-by-step process of making cinder blocks.

Step 1. We mix the solution in a concrete mixer.

Step 2. Pour the mixture into our mold with a shovel. In this case, the mixture is thick. You can also use a liquid solution.

Step 3. Be sure to make sure that the solution fills the container evenly. To do this, we tamp the filled solution. We control the filling of the form to the brim. Align the top layer with a spatula.

Step 4. If the solution is dry, then a special lid should be used, the holes in which will overlap the bayonets in the mold. This device will help tamp our cinder block. This cap is not used for slurry.

Step 5. Move our block to open area for the purpose of further storage. After 30-40 minutes, remove the bottom, sides and top cover. For better extraction of the cinder block, a similarity to the top of the wall and a longitudinal strip with cylinders with an ordinary hammer.

Step 6. For complete drying, we need at least a day.

Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Step 1. We mix our solution, taking into account the proportions. Particular attention should be paid to the right amount of water, because cinder blocks should not flow when you remove them from the mold.

Kneading

To find out the correct consistency of the mixture, do a little test. Squeeze the solution in your hand: if it combines in it, and does not blur when it falls to the ground, this is a good and correct solution.

Step 2... We fill our form with a solution, with a slide.

Step 3 ... We turn on the car for 2-4 seconds, after which the loaded train will be compacted. We level the mixture with our hands so that the iron pins (cylinders) are visible.

Step 4. If there is not enough mixture in the mold, it needs to be refilled, insert the clamp and turn on the vibrator again. The completion of the formation is evidenced by the pressure deposit on the stops.

Step 5 ... Our vibroform should be turned on again for 6-10 s.

Step 6 ... We close the top with a lid with holes for the cylinders. And we do one more tamping by raising and lowering the lid 4-5 times.

Step 7 ... Then, without turning off the machine, the form is removed - it is enough to take the car to you.

Up to 500 cinder blocks can be produced per shift using a vibrating machine.

Step 8 ... We dry the blocks for 5-10 days. Complete hardening of the resulting building materials will take place after a month, while the humidity should be high, and the air should be warm.

Step 9. After a day, the blocks can be transferred to storage locations (they will not be broken), but they can be placed together only after a week. And if you still add a plasticizer to the solution, then after 6-8 hours they can be moved and stored.

Of course, it is not worth purchasing a vibrating machine for a single production, but special attention should be paid to tamping when creating cinder blocks (the quality of the product depends on this process). In this case, you can use an ordinary vibrating grinder, on which it is enough to place our mold with the mixture.

Video - Production of cinder blocks using a vibrator machine

Features of storage of cinder blocks

The resulting products are stored in pyramidal stacks, one hundred pieces at once.

Moreover, they fit at short intervals. It is enough for you to dry the material for a couple of months - then you can start building a bathhouse, an extension or a barn.

What are the features of cinder block production?

In the production of cinder blocks, special attention should be paid to drying. So, for example, any dent or unevenness will ruin the building material. Another requirement for material quality is geometry. A large number of irregularities and flaws are a prerequisite for increased costs for finishing the erected walls. Therefore, in order for the product to be flat, the mold or vibroform should be filled to the brim. Do not be stingy to pour the solution with a slide, because the vibration will shake your mixture.

For better plasticity, when mixing the mortar, do not forget to fill in the plasticizer at the rate of 5 g per block. This will save the product from possible cracks, increase its strength and frost resistance. To build a small bath, you can knead the solution manually, but a concrete mixer will help speed up the process. You just need to buy or lend for a while a small unit with a capacity of 02-0.5 cubic meters. m.

Video - Homemade concrete mixer

Before preparing the mixture, the slag is moistened 5-6 hours before. This will allow better bonding of the cement grains and filler fractions. It should be noted that if you fill wooden or metal molds without the possibility of vibrating, the mixture should be thin.

Pros and cons of using cinder blocks

The advantages of the cinder block include:

• the ability to manufacture on summer cottage or in a private house;
• drying of the material can take place both in an autoclave (industrial production) and on outdoors(in case of self-production);
• a cinder block building has minimal heat loss;
• inexpensive material;
• the construction of the building is carried out quickly, given the large size of the blocks;
• when mixing the solution, you can, by changing the proportions, give it certain qualities;
• you can make a cinder block of any size.

Disadvantages of cinder block:

• low indicators of frost resistance, but with the use of a special additive, they can be increased;
• there are doubts about environmental friendliness, especially for products made on the basis of blast-furnace slag;
• in terms of liquid absorption characteristics, the material has strong moisture absorption requires special protective coatings;
• fragility (this material is clearly not suitable for the construction of high-rise buildings).

1. The highest strength is possessed by blocks made with the addition of cement. The next place is occupied by blocks of lime.
2. If small granules are replaced with a part of sifted sand, then the strength of the products will slightly increase.
3. The combination of cement and lime (or clay) in a 3: 1 ratio will save money, which will absolutely not win back on quality.
4. Before you start pouring the solution, the molds should be cleaned and wiped. This will prevent the resulting blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. For such wiping, diesel fuel, waste oil or similar means are used.
5. The density of the solution is a direct indicator of the rate of solidification. The thicker it is, the faster the block can solidify. The main characteristics of the quality of cinder blocks depend not only on the production technology, but also on the choice of solution. Below are the different types mixtures, the use of which demonstrates certain characteristics required for the material.

Video - Cinder block. Instructions for a beginner

Building blocks are a common material for the construction of structures for various purposes. They differ in size, constituent components, manufacturing method, but all are popular wall structural materials. Building blocks are manufactured in an industrial environment, in household they also make concrete products and cinder blocks, which requires a do-it-yourself installation for the production of building blocks. According to the material of manufacture, these products are divided into the following types:

• slag concrete;
• concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• fiber-reinforced concrete;
• polystyrene concrete.

Cinder blocks as a building material

The cinder block belongs to standard concrete products, only instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, an aggregate in the form of waste slag is used. Such a replacement gives the material lightness in comparison with concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since slag in terms of thermal conductivity compares favorably with heavy and dense crushed stone.

The production of cinder blocks provides for the exact dosage of the components in the solution, namely:

• cement grade not lower than 400 or 500, one part of it is taken (bucket);
• quarry sand, 3 parts are mixed (buckets);
• slag, burnt-out brick, expanded clay, this material is added in the amount of 5 parts (buckets);
• water.

To obtain cinder blocks of the same quality as in the factory, use a solution of medium viscous consistency. A liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and a thick solution will create uncontrolled voids inside when solidified.

Concrete blocks

Building blocks made of cement, sand and crushed stone are used for the construction of wall and other structures, if increased strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in a ratio of 1: 3: 6, other options for the concrete mix are described in the builder's handbooks and depend on the cement grade used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Building sawdust blocks

For the construction of residential buildings, summer cottages, cottages, light and warm wall material from sawdust, sand and water is used. Lime acts as an astringent component in the solution. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties of the final product. An increase in sawdust mass leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a decrease in strength. With an increase in the amount of sand in the solution, an increase in strength occurs, while the frost resistance limit increases, which increases the operational properties of the material. Blocks are widely used in private housing construction as cladding for thermal insulation of structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, long term of use without destruction, environmental friendliness of the material, ease of production. Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands is available in the manufacture and is popular among DIYers. Sawdust concrete is characterized by an increased drying time, therefore, several through holes are made inside the product to improve air intake.

The sizes of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated, their width is taken as a multiple of the wall thickness. If we talk about standard sizes, then the blocks are made according to twice the thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). In the manufacture of sawdust stones, dry components are first mixed, then water is added, mortar mixers are used for work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation includes a complex process of saturating a solution with gases, which is difficult to reproduce at home. Aerated concrete building blocks are distinguished by their lightness, high noise-insulating, heat-insulating properties.

Fiber-reinforced concrete products for masonry

Fiber-reinforced concrete is essentially an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech building block machines spray foam into the mass of mortar, it forms uniform enclosed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers apply polyamide fiber reinforcement throughout the mass. Such wall material is very durable, does not rot, lightweight and durable.

Their fiber-reinforced concrete blocks are produced in various sizes. For load-bearing walls, 20x30x60 cm are used, which weighs 22 kg. To erect a wall of brick of the same size, 18 stones will be required, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used in the construction of walls inside a building, partitions, they are used to insulate floors and walls. The thermal conductivity of fiber-reinforced concrete is less than that of bricks, 2.7 times and 2 times less than that of cinder concrete and shell rock.

Large block sizes reduce the use of cement-sand mortar for masonry by 20 times compared to the construction of a wall from small-sized stones. Fiber-reinforced concrete does not burn when exposed to high temperatures does not change shape and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Polystyrene concrete blocks

The material belongs to the next type of lightweight concrete wall blocks. It differs from standard concrete in better performance and reduced production costs. The innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concretes in weight, even foam concrete is one and a half times heavier than it. Thanks to this indicator, houses are built without the usual massive foundation, and the cost of transporting material is reduced.

The production of expanded polystyrene blocks involves a careful combination of cement, sand, expanded polystyrene particles and special additives to keep air in the bulk. Other physical characteristics material put it one step above the usual materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of the structures under construction. After the construction of walls from standard materials, slight shrinkage occurs during the year. In the case of blocks of expanded polystyrene, such a time is not expected.

Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of building structures a special device is used that works on the principle of a vibration processor.

Such a vibrating table or vibrating table is designed independently. An installation for the production of building blocks, made by hand, significantly reduces the cost of blocks, respectively, and the walls of the house.

Preparation of the solution

The mortar is prepared from sand, cement, water and aggregate, which are used as various materials, as described above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, a small amount is thrown onto the ground. A high-quality mixture does not spread in watery streams; when squeezed in a fist, it sticks together into a lump.

The production of cinder blocks involves a thorough cleaning of slag from foreign debris; chips, unburned parts of coal are not allowed to enter the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, three parts of slag and one part of gypsum are mixed, at the same time water is introduced. This solution is quickly used as the gypsum hardens in minutes. The slag is preliminarily soaked with water before mixing. To improve the quality of products at the outlet, modern plasticizing additives are added to the solution. Their action increases the frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made - solid and hollow. The first ones are used for the construction of solid structures, load-bearing walls, foundations. The second type of blocks is used as a material for partitions; it insulates well from cold and extraneous sounds.

Production of concrete blocks without vibration table

Of the two technologies, the use of a wooden mold, which is designed for natural spreading of the mortar without vibration, is in constant demand. The solution is placed in the prepared form in several stages. First, the container is poured with a solution by a third, after which the walls of the mold are carefully tapped with a hammer around the perimeter for high-quality shrinkage of the concrete solution. In the next two stages, the solution is poured according to the original technology until the form is filled. The manufacture of building blocks with voids provides for a technique when two plastic bottles with water, which, after setting, remove it.

The forms are left to dry for 2-5 days. Then the blocks are carefully removed from the collapsible structure and laid out on pallets until completely dry. with this method of production, no purchase is required.

Of the tools and devices you will need: a sieve for sifting sand, molds for mortar, a mixing trough or concrete mixer, a hammer for tapping, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, drying trays.

Method for making blocks using a vibration machine

For this, a vibrating machine for cinder blocks is purchased or manufactured independently. A special metal shape is installed on the plane of the machine, and concrete mix with slag filler is poured into it by one third. After that, the vibration table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows you to remove all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will receive good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. The blocks are removed from the mold in the same way as in the vibration-free manufacturing method.

The cinder block does not tolerate overdrying in hot weather in the open rays of the sun, therefore, on hot days, it is sprayed with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane so that moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, completely dried concrete blocks gain 100% strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of the manufacture of cinder blocks

The forms are made independently, using metal or wood for this, boards in width are taken at least 190-200 mm. They are connected into a prefabricated structure, the side parts of which are detached to remove the finished block. V overall design no more than 6 cells are combined for placing concrete. The finished structure is installed on a dense waterproof material, for example, an oilcloth that forms the bottom of the mold.

If wood is chosen as the material for the form, then it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. The molds are made from dry wood. These conditions are met, otherwise, in the process of work, the tree will lead from the water, and the geometric size of the block will change. Standard sizes stones are considered 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for their own construction.

For metal matrices, sheets with a thickness of no more than 3-4 mm are taken. When welding a structure, all welds are made from the outside so as not to round off the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using pieces of metal pipes of a suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. The distance between the pipes and the distance from the walls are controlled, the composition is welded with strips for rigidity and fixation.

If equipment is made for the production of building blocks, then when the vibrator is attached to the table, after tightening the nuts, they are still slightly welded by welding. The motor must be covered with a protective casing made of any material against splashes of solution, water, dust.

Production technology of sawdust concrete blocks

Available materials are not pre-processed, but you can buy them at any hardware store, therefore, they start making blocks of sand, lime and sawdust immediately after purchase. To mix the mortar, use a concrete mixer or mortar mixer, since it is difficult to manually mix wood waste.

Dry sawdust, passed through a coarse sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. Lime or prepared clay dough is added to the solution. The resulting mixture is well mixed and only after that water is added, gradually pouring it in in small portions. To determine the readiness of the solution, it is squeezed in the hand, after which fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the molds with a solution, they are lined with a thin layer of sawdust. Internal holes in the blocks are made using wooden plugs of about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the solution. The material of the building blocks is tightly packed into the mold using a special rammer. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After the end of this period, the solution gains about 40% of the required strength.

The molds are disassembled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the prescribed limit. Finished products are placed on pallets and protected from direct sun rays... Drying of blocks is faster if you leave gaps between products during storage. It is advisable to place the pallets in a draft or use a fan for forced blowing.

Sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of airing. At this time, their strength is 90%.

Machine tools and equipment

To make the number of blocks required for construction, a ready-made vibro-forming machine is purchased. The TL-105 brand is distinguished by good performance. And although its power is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different aggregates per hour. Its approximate cost on the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern machine tool manufacturers produce many varieties of machine tools for the production of blocks with additional functions. The prices for the machines are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, the vibrating machine 1IKS is suitable, it costs about 17,000 rubles, the power is only 0.15 kW, it produces such equipment 30 blocks per hour. When buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for the needs of the construction.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making building blocks with your own hands will greatly save money on the production of products. The cost price does not take into account the wages paid to the employee. Overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions are not added to the cost of the block, therefore, to make the building material cheaper at home.

Having at your disposal the construction mechanisms presented on our VIDEO, you can do it yourself and in a short time to make the required quantity building blocks... Today, when the sizes of building blocks are standardized, making them with your own hands from scrap materials using a machine is becoming very relevant.

Manufacturing technology DIY building blocks so economical that it allows you to fulfill all three main goals in human life - to raise a child, plant a tree and build a house. From time immemorial, the main building material was brick, but in last years Methods for making building blocks, often used for the construction of private houses, were developed.

Making building blocks do it yourself VIDEO

The main mechanisms for making blocks with your own hands:

Vibrating sieve - allows you to sort by fractions bulk materials such as crushed stone, expanded clay, sand;

Concrete mixer - does not need comments;

Vibrating machine for the production of building blocks (from 1 to 6 at a time).

The possibility of using different components for the production of blocks allows you to choose the most suitable composition for the climatic conditions different regions... The large size of the building blocks greatly speeds up the construction process. The starting material for the production of blocks is a mixture in the form of a thick dough, including cement.

To increase the durability and quality of the product, use a cement grade of at least M400. Water and sand are also important ingredients in the mixture. This building block is in the form of a parallelepiped with or without cavities in the middle. Geometry is one of the most important requirements in manufacturing. If a block, made independently at home with your own hands, has irregularities on the surface, then the cost of building walls will be higher.

Do-it-yourself blocks can be made with the parameters necessary for construction. As a filler, you can use all types of waste, such as sawdust, shavings, various products of coal combustion in boiler houses - slag, ash, as well as waste from natural stone processing (granulation). An example of the ratio of components: coarse sand, gravel with a diameter of 5-8 mm, cement and water in a ratio of 6: 2: 2: 1. The consistency of the mixture is such that it does not spread when falling to the ground.

Various plasticizers are also added to the building blocks, reducing edge chipping, facilitating the trimming process and preventing cracking during operation. Often when building a private house, when you make blocks with your own hands, ordinary liquid soap is used as a plasticizer.

The basic principle of the plant for the production of blocks is vibration, with which the mixture is pressed into special molds. The blocks are then removed and moved to dry. The whole structure resembles a vibrating table. Vibrations are achieved by vibrating a plane that is used to produce building blocks. Due to the rapid movement of the plane and the attachment to the springs, the amplitude and force of vibration increases, which leads to dense packing of the mass in the molds.

In the production of building blocks that go to the construction of the walls of the house, an even space is required for their further drying, which can last more than 2 weeks.
Various materials, such as slag, granite, gravel, sand, expanded clay, different kinds concrete and broken glass are used as fillers for the production of building blocks.

The solution is prepared in a concrete mixer, adding and mixing successively water, cement and filler. The prepared solution is transferred into molds. The vibroforming machine must be installed on a flat, horizontal surface.

Wall materials information:

Let's sum up the results of making building blocks with our own hands. It is advisable to make several hundred pieces of building blocks for the construction of a garage or other outbuilding, then such an independent production will be fully justified and will save a significant amount of money. But it will take much more to build a house. building materials, so the acquisition costs necessary materials will be much higher. In this case, buying blocks will not only be wiser, but also easier.