What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

How to determine exactly what type of roof your future home should be without drowning in the ocean of variety of options offered by today's construction market?

Any child knows that every house begins with a foundation, and is crowned with a roof, and even the most absent-minded person at least once in his life noticed that the types of roofs of houses are very different. A superficial idea of ​​the purpose of various forms of roofing is that the roofs are so different just "for beauty". In fact, the appearance of the roof is only one (and not the most important) factor that determines the shape of the roof of each particular building.

Numerous types of roofs of private houses appeared in the process of engineering and design solutions of the main tasks, which modern roofing is designed to cope with as best as possible:

• protection from precipitation
• effective self-cleaning
• organization of the attic space
• long-term operation
• ease of repair
• economy and environmental friendliness

It is not difficult to understand what these or those types of roofs of houses are, since they are all carefully sorted and cataloged. Do not forget, however, that this cataloging is somewhat arbitrary, and in practice, the features of each house are always ready to bring adjustment by their own personality to the generally accepted standards.

To help you navigate in choosing the shape of the roof for the future home, we will consider here all the most common types of roofs, photos of which you will find right there, next to the descriptions.

Flat roofs

Roofs with a flat surface are rarely used in the construction of private houses. The snow load at such a roof is higher, in comparison with the pitched one, as is the price of each mistake during the arrangement roofing cake: one small unevenness, and now the place of accumulation of moisture is ready, for example. Such a roof cannot be called economical either: rafters, monolithic floors - everything must be very durable and of very high quality. The presence of an attic is not considered at all. A flat roof is usually made only where it is planned to be used later as a terrace for the upper floor. In this regard, they are, of course, irreplaceable. But if you are not going to build a roof-terrace, then while we are talking about a private residential building, it would be wiser to refuse a flat roof.

Rolled roofs

We will dwell on them in much more detail. The angle of inclination of the roof immediately determines many of its future characteristics. It is the ratio of angles and slopes, their location in relation to each other, and creates all the diversity that we will describe below.

Monoskat

They are so named because they only have one ramp. The main advantage of such roofs is their low price, ease of construction and operation, lightness and airiness, both actual and in terms of appearance.

Canopy

Mono-pitch canopy - achievement modern minimalism in construction, it gives the house a somewhat futuristic look. Cope with the installation of a lean-to canopy even a person who has not done this before, if he follows a simple technology. Mono-pitched canopy roof resists wind well due to a small (as a rule) slope, perfectly self-cleaning, saves you money on quantity building materials... Not so long ago, it was believed that the field of application of such roofs is primarily determined by the need for economy and the priority of functionality over appearance. Therefore, they could be found more often at business buildings and government agencies, hospitals, industrial complexes, and similar structures. But today, Australia's residents, known for their boldness in terms of fashion legislation, are confidently setting a new trend in the use of canopies in the construction of private homes.

Shed roof

The so-called "sawtooth" roofs are used where extreme strength and reliability is required. Such roofs are designed to provide the possibility of suspension of industrial lifting equipment on the supporting structures. For this reason, shed mono-pitched roofs are extremely rare to be seen sheltering someone's private house.

Gable roofs

The classics of construction, these are the roofs that little children draw on their first houses in their life with colored pencils. Not at all inferior to the shed roof in functionality, it is a little more complicated in terms of construction and more expensive, but it opens up the possibility of arrangement attic space... In the domestic building tradition, you can often find options for the "external" entrance to the attic from the street, the western style of construction tends to the stairs located inside.

The gable roof is simple and reliable, but there are several more complex hybrid forms of it. For example, the so-called semi hip roofs(when the end slopes do not reach the eaves):

or Dutch gable(with small gables):

they are designed to both diversify the appearance of the house and provide more under-roof space. Gable roof hybrid " Dormer»Adds a dormer window to your attic, which serves for lighting, ventilation of the attic space, and improves the appearance of your private home.

Roof roof

The same as the previous one, but with broken slopes. The mansard roof looks very respectable and dimensional; wealthy people like to put such roofs on their spacious houses. Thanks to its pentagonal shape, the mansard roof creates a whole additional floor in the under-roof space, where you can safely arrange the room you like. Windows are often made directly on the slopes, and in not too snowy areas sometimes these windows lead straight up, flooding the attic with light and opening a mesmerizing view of the night sky.

The price of such a roof is always high in comparison with a simple gable roof. It grows not only due to the simple complication of the structure and an increase in the amount of materials, the need to strengthen the rafters, but also due to the increased requirements for insulation of this type of roof. Due to the fact that the under-roof space is used as a residential one, the insulation system itself changes, when the insulation materials are mounted not inside the roof, but on the external installed crate. A large roof area, again, increases the cost of a large amount of insulation, waterproofing, materials for the construction of lathing, coatings.

Despite all these difficulties, mansard roofs have remained popular for many years, and for many, this type of roof is a real dream come true.

Curious European and American polyline mansard roof, in which the lower slope does not go down at a steep angle, but, on the contrary, becomes very gentle and long. Perfect for one-story houses, with a provided veranda, and possibly more than one.

Multi-gable roof

Such types of roofs of private houses, as multi-gable with a valley, are rarely used due to the high complexity of the device and the high price. They resort to them for their beauty and the possibility of arranging several small side attics at once. More often, the builders of hotels resort to end roofs, but they are also sometimes used for private houses by lovers of original and unusual design. To build such a roof yourself, without the proper experience, is fraught with a senseless waste of time and effort: professionals who know their business should be engaged in the installation of a multi-gable roof.

Hip pyramidal roof

Also, such a roof is called "four-pitched", and most often it is used precisely to cover square buildings, this is the case when the type of roof determines the house. The intricate construction of the pyramidal roof, consisting of four identical triangular slopes, nevertheless makes it an attractive solution for those who like houses with the correct square area. The construction of such a roof requires certain skills and knowledge of the technical side of the issue, and better, a lot of practice.

Combined roof

By combining different types of roofs, such a roof can become a real masterpiece of architecture. When the decision to use different types of roofs of houses is dictated by practicality, and not by a simple pursuit of originality, then it is the combined roof that can become more economical, and at the same time reliable and functional option. However, the installation and construction of such a roof is associated with the need to take into account many nuances, this is a job only for a real roofing master who is well versed in all the intricacies. different types rooftops, and knowing critical aspects their competent combination.

Unusual and original options

M-shaped roofs

Another type of rarely used roof types for houses, the M-shaped roof is usually used in special architectural projects. Two houses, standing close, visually have separate roofs, but they are connected by a common valley. The loads on this very valley are very high; large volumes of snow mass can easily damage it.

Roof "Butterfly"

Agree, it looks very beautiful and unusual. Built on the second floor, such a roof can become a beautiful shed for a balcony; it visually enlarges the structure and looks mysterious, attracting curious glances. Like many beautiful things, "Butterfly" is very impractical in many respects: price, lack of attic space, complexity of construction. And you need to think three times before building such a "snow storage" in our cold lands.

Saltbox Roofs

The salt shaker roof was named so because of the external resemblance to the same-name cutlery in the USA in the 17th century. As you can see in the photo, Saltbox is an asymmetrical gable roof, one slope of which is much longer than the other. One type of such a roof can sometimes cause an influx of patriotic feelings from a resident of the United States who knows his history. Many monuments of early colonial architecture have exactly this original roof appearance, which was formed as a result of the gradually expanding house once built. The salt cellar, at one time, became an ingenious response of ordinary Americans to the new taxes imposed by the government on the size of houses. "Salt shaker" is an easy way to expand the house by lowering the roof onto the elements to be completed. For the same purpose, this type of roof is often resorted to today. However, Saltbox is also used for other reasons, including as a tribute to tradition or out of sympathy for its appearance.

And all this is just an incomplete list of the most interesting and used types of roofs. In the world of construction and architecture, hundreds of striking examples of artistic and engineering thought can be found, deeply striking the imagination. What type of roof to choose for your private house is a decision that we advise you to make after carefully considering all the options and understanding thoroughly what benefits a particular type of roof will give you, and what difficulties its construction, operation and possible future repairs will entail.

In addition to the protective function, the roof of the house is its logical conclusion and makes it stand out from the architectural point of view. There are a lot of types of roofs and they all differ in characteristics.

First of all, the roof must perfectly cope with its purpose, have an attractive appearance and correspond to the taste of the residents.

The type of roof is selected taking into account the general design of the building, its volumes and location. Let's talk about the beautiful roofs of private houses.

Roof functions

The direct purpose of the roof is to protect the building from external influences the environment... This design is an integral part of any building. She should be able to take on loads of varying degrees of severity, as well as look beautiful and decorate the house.

Currently, there is a huge variety of modern roofing materials which have excellent properties and characteristics. When choosing a suitable material, many factors are taken into account, on which the appearance of the future roof will depend.

The most common types of roofs are considered flat and pitched. Flat view the roof is used extremely rarely and this is due to its high cost, since a particularly strong frame is required for such a structure.

Without a supporting structure, the roof may not be able to withstand heavy loads such as large amounts of snow. Despite this, there are advantages to having a flat roof. If you look at the photo of a beautiful straight roof, you will notice that this is an ideal platform for organizing a terrace, winter garden or gym.

Pitched roofs are especially popular with private house owners. Designers have developed many ideas for organizing a pitched structure, so even such a simple option will not seem boring.

Roof types

So, nowadays there are many options for roofs using modern materials that will certainly add flavor to the look of your home.

Having examined these options in more detail, you can choose the most beautiful roof for yourself:

A hip roof is a roof made up of two triangular ramps.

A hipped roof is a symmetrical structure with several slopes in the form of even triangles.

A composite roof is an option for connoisseurs of everything unusual. There are several types of such a roof:

• The mansard sloping roof is a structure of several roofs installed at different levels.
• The domed roof is decorative option in the form of a sphere and it is rarely used as a roof for private houses.
• Vaulted roof - a variant of the cylindrical roof.
• "Salt cellar" is a gable roof, one slope of which is longer than the other.

How to build a beautiful roof? If you take into account some of the recommendations, then your roof will serve you for more than a dozen years.

So, as it turned out, the pitched roof is in the lead. Consider the benefits:

Such a roof perfectly protects the building from external factors- strong wind, rain and snow. In addition, the design is reliable and sturdy.

By choosing a pitched roof for your home, you will forget about the problems for a long time, since this option is the most durable of the listed ones.

In addition, if you use a high-quality, modern coating, then the roof will be beneficial to distinguish your house from others. An example is a beautiful metal roof.

Leading designers and architects have a myriad of pitched roof ideas so even the most preferred homeowners will have no problem choosing.

Under a pitched roof, you can make an attic or an attic room.

It is worth noting that the pitched roof is a classic and does not differ in originality, but recall that this type of roof remains the most practical, affordable option.

You can make a pitched roof from any material - corrugated board, ondulin, onduvilla, slate. In the same way, you can build a beautiful wooden roof.

When choosing wood as a material for roofing, do not forget to treat it with special compounds that prevent rotting and provide protection against insect pests.

Photo of beautiful roof

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the hallmark of a house, a measure of the owners' taste. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and to maintain comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private house. All of them are capable of becoming a reliable, stable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.

Roof as a visiting card Source freepvpgame.com

The main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on the appearance, and even the naked eye of a layman can distinguish one type of roof from another.

Flat

Modern fashion trends have made flat roofing a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft and have a slope of up to 3 °. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:

• Due to the minimum area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said for subsequent maintenance and repairs.
• Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. An antenna, air conditioning system or solar panels can be installed here. The roof makes it possible to equip a sports field, a place for comfortable rest and sunbathing, to set up a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, a large snow mass can accumulate on such a roof, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings, during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

A seating area can be placed on a flat roof Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

Pitched

Pitched roof - with sloped surfaces that allow the roof to clean itself naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by an angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5 ° to 70 °.

The pitched roofs of the roofs of private houses allow you to use the attic space for household needs and as an attic. The device of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the topcoat, as well as on the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

• Single slope... Such structures rest on walls of different heights. Simple, cheap and durable option.
• Gable... They allow you to equip an attic or attic, they drain precipitation well. A practical and common option.
• Four-slope... The most durable and reliable. But the large weight of the roof requires strengthening the supporting structure.
• Tent, design... The most unusual and costly options.

Hip roof; ideal for a home in the form of a square or regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

Spherical

Interest in spherical designs is consistently high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract additional advantages:

• Streamlined shape. Avoids direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
• Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
• Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roof calculator

To find out the approximate cost of various types of roofing, use the following calculator:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that slope angles for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal angle of inclination of the roof, several factors are taken into account:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof must withstand local wind and precipitation.

• In areas with snowy winters, a large angle of inclination of the roof is set (45-60 °); so the snow melts smoothly, the likelihood of glaciation decreases.
• In order for the structure to withstand in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is minimized. To reduce windage, a range of 9-20 ° is selected.
• In southern regions where sunny weather prevails, the best option there will be a flat roof, with a slope of 3-5 ° (for water drainage). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
• The optimal slope angle is considered to be values ​​from 20 to 45 °.

On a properly made roof, snow does not accumulate Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing.

• Slate covering, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and seep with a minimum roof slope of 22 ° (for tiles) and 30 ° for slate.
• Roofing material, euroruberoid. The number of layers determines the value of the parameter. For a roof of 2 layers, a slope of 15 ° is required, for 3 - 5 ° is enough.
• Professional sheet. The minimum permissible roof pitch is 12 °.
• Metal tiles. The minimum roof pitch is limited to 14 °.
• Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6 °.
• Soft tiles. Installed with a slope of 11 °.
• Roofing membrane type. Set the minimum slope within 3-5 °.

Video description

What should be the roof - in the video:

Structural differences of frames - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, pitched roofs are still the leader in popularity, to which, with some exaggeration, hipped roofs can also be attributed. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, it is preferable to choose from the following options:

Single slope

This design is an inclined plane that rests on external load-bearing walls of different heights. She is supplied with outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are considered to be ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: the choice of such a roof excludes the device of the attic; even a well-fixed roof can be blown off by strong winds. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and strength of the pitched roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Shed roof in modern style Source houzz.es

Gable

Classic roof options for a private house that reliably protect from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such structures are easy to install and reliable in operation; any material can be selected for the roof. The base is made up of 2 slopes (slopes) resting on two equal-height walls.

Another name for a gable roof is gable (gable is the plane between the slopes).

Dignity:

• Self-cleaning from snow, low probability of leakage.
• Large selection of materials available for manufacturing.
• The possibility of arranging an attic space.

disadvantages:

• Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
• Weak structural element - valley ( inner corner at the junction of the slopes), which accounts for the maximum climatic impact.

Combined (multi-pliers)

Multi-gable (end) frameworks are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the peculiarity of the layout of the building does not allow the use of more simple construction... The features of multi-gabled forms are:

• Complex installation of additional intersections that requires professional knowledge and good weather.
• Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
• To eliminate problems with the appearance of condensate, high-quality steam and waterproofing is carried out, and high-quality ventilation is equipped.

Hip and semi-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). Two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, two lateral ones are triangular (hips). In semi-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated appearance, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

Such types of roofing for the roof of a private house are complex in design and installation (require reinforcement rafter system), but economical in terms of material consumption; they pay off in northern regions with strong winds.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Tent

The roof consists of ramps in the form of isosceles triangles, converging at one point. Such a structure, implying the construction of an attic floor, is difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps withstand winds.

A special class of roofs is made up of round (domed) roofs that repeat the shape of the rotation figure. Similar roofs can be seen on religious buildings; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and conservatories, and increasingly in private buildings.

Vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic room, hallway, conservatory or entrance. A supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood is placed at the base. The covering is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. This solution is practical and original; the coating is wind-resistant and the use of a transparent material saves energy.

Geodetic

A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

The geodesic dome roof allows you to obtain a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. The bars are connected to each other by metal connectors; a connecting bar is mounted between the rows.

For the design of the structure, a computer program for three-dimensional modeling is required. Compared to pitched roof the consumption of materials is on average one third less.

Features of attic roofs

For several centuries, since the invention in France, mansard roofs have enjoyed unwavering popularity. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

The types of roofs of private houses with an attic delight with a variety. All sorts of types are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, tent, dome. There is enough space in the attic attic to create a living room, training room, library or conservatory. Since the attic is located at the top of the building, it requires a special approach:

• The loss of heat from the lower living quarters leads to the formation of condensation on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for careful vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
• The attic has no interior walls, it is completely in contact with the external environment. Thermal insulation is relevant for the room. mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. For interior decoration natural wood is best.

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roof cladding is primarily due to the climatic features of the region. Even the traditional “issue price” often gives way to common sense - no one has yet been able to save on the quality of the roof. The most demanded materials are traditionally:

Roof tiles (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

• Metal shingles - a popular option appreciated for durability, not very high price and the ability to withstand impacts, which is especially valuable when loading and transporting. The metal tile is lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation), easy to attach. The disadvantages are considered to be uneconomical during installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
• Bituminous (flexible) shingles. Such a coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
• Natural (ceramic) tiles. Time-tested material with the advantages of metal, except for one. Considerable weight requires a reinforced roof.

The tiles can be installed on any roof shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits the scope of its application to household buildings. Slate has great strength when bending and impacting; it is non-flammable and easily processed (cut with a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (over time, it can become covered with moss) and health hazard.

Glass roof

The glass roof (especially its spectacular panoramic version) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design perfectly protects against bad weather and allows you to reduce energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in the summer, the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

Green roof

The growing attention to environmental issues has spawned interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions, developed in the Scandinavian countries, allow you to realize the desire to communicate with nature more often.

Log cabin with an eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro and thermal insulation are laid on the roof with a waterproof membrane that protects the roof from the roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and finally a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

The eco-roof is not only a decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewage system (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant spending on organization and time for subsequent care is inevitable.

Another option for a "green" roof Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof projects: photo and video

Video description

For interesting types of roofs of private houses, see the following video:

And also the original varieties of roofs of houses in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a house in the high-tech style Source viendoraglass.com

An interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com

The window in the attic was at one time a difficult technical task.

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on one house Source cosmictherap.com

The manufacture of such structures must be trusted exclusively by professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

For such beauty to remain functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

The classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a structure, it is very important to correctly make the points of abutment of the ground floor roof to the walls Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels Source houzz.com

Four-pitched roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a dormer window Source casacom.pro

In such structures, it is required to carefully calculate the possibility of building shrinkage. Source pinterest.com

A large window in the attic gives good illumination in the room Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful sail calculations Source pinterest.com

"Modified" classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

It is not so much the construction that is interesting here as the material of the cladding. Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

Ideal for a roof over a swimming pool - the area is completely closed if necessary Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

Starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable, capable of serving for a long time. This choice is not always straightforward, each option has its pros and cons. To accept correct solution, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - a set of issues should be considered, including design features and general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.

As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that give the structure a complete image, crown it, and decorate. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain flows, hail, snow, and solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of the house should not only be beautiful, but first of all, a solid, reliable and practical structure.

The Importance of Building Properly

When erecting any structure, even the most simple one, it is imperative to know and strictly follow certain construction rules. So, all the standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are spelled out in the document "SP 17.13330.2011", which is the current updated version of another document "SNiP II-26-76". The requirements contained in these rules apply throughout the territory of our country and apply to the construction of roofs from all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.

The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.

These requirements must be strictly fulfilled not only during the construction of a new house, but also during reconstruction or overhaul roofs of buildings with a roof made of these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case, the erected roof will be reliable, and living in the house will be safe.

Description

The roof is such a final link of the roof, its finishing coating that performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be moisture-proof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, meet the requirements fire safety.

When choosing a roof covering, factors such as:

• roof shape;
• features of the rafter system;
• roof slope,
• climatic conditions.

Classification

How the roof of the building will look like is determined even before the start of all work.

All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the slope and the number of side planes, called slopes:

• flat roofs;
• roofs with one or more slopes.

A flat roof is a rectangular, flat area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern residential construction is used only when it is planned to use it additionally. For example, equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.

Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more costly and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that the main enemy of the roof - water easily flows down the roof slopes, without lingering or causing harm.

Depending on the features of the roofing system, pitched roofs are either with an attic or with an attic room. An attic is a room that is organized directly under the roof and is suitable for living. The attic differs from the second floor by low walls (no more than 1.5 m). The existing varieties of pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.

Pitched roofs are as follows:

• single-slope;
• gable;
• hip;
• half-hip;
• tent;

• multi-pliers;
• broken lines;
• domed;
• conical;
• combined.

The most inexpensive and uncomplicated single-slope construction in the device. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A pitched roof has a flat roof supported by walls of different heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is in the absence of at least some kind of attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.

The form of a gable roof has come down to us since time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for one-storey house especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this - practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This shape of the roof makes it easy to create an attic or attic under it.

The structure has two slopes, united from the front sides by gables, and from above with a "ridge", which strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.

Gables are indispensable and very important elements of a gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic space from the effects of wind and precipitation. The slopes of the roof rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be the wall of the attic.

Hip roof is obtained from a gable structure by replacing the gables with two more slopes in the shape of a triangle. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. In the upper part of one of the hips there is a hatch, called a dormer. In fact, a hip roof is a four-pitched structure, difficult to construct, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane wind or pouring rain.

If the gables of the gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the gable is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then a half-hip-shaped roof will be obtained. From a design point of view, a building with such a roof takes on an interesting appearance.

The hipped roof is also a kind of hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips), depending on the shape of the support. The ridge is absent, and the hips converge at one point with astonishingly perfect precision, forming a tent over the building. Structures with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.

Designing such a roof is complex, but nevertheless makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.

The sloped type of roof is often referred to as a mansard roof. It is a cost effective design as it allows for additional living space.

Domed roofs, like conical roofs, are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this shape implies a round structure under the roof. Often, such roofs cover not the entire building, but its individual parts. For example, an oval-shaped terrace or some decorative elements: towers, rotundas.

Combined roofs have the most complex structures. Basically, they are combinations of different types of roofs, which provide a lot of room for design ideas... Such structures are difficult to build and not easy to maintain. However, it is combined roofs more and more often found in modern cottages.

All coverage options

V modern construction private residential buildings, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• roll;
• mastic;
• membrane;
• leafy;
• piece or typesetting.

Roll coatings include the well-known roofing material and roofing felt. These coatings are made of polymer and bituminous materials. As a reinforcing base, layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used. Such a coating can be used for roofing both flat and pitched roofs.

A feature of the application is the solid lathing of wooden rafters. As a continuous flooring, glue-veneer panels, turned upside down, can be used. The angle of inclination of the roof should be 10-30 degrees. The roofing material is attached to the deck in a hot way: the roll is heated and rolled on the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is stacked in several layers. Moreover, if they cover a flat roof that has wooden floor, then for fire safety purposes, the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already fused.

It is easy to repair such a roof: the old coating is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.

Such modern roofing as bituminous shingles also belongs to roll materials. It is bituminous fiberglass. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other side, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The cloth bends easily, therefore it is able to easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to these properties, bituminous shingles are increasingly used for roofing on non-standard roofs.

Roll coverings have their own advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits include the following:

• high sound insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• frost resistance;
• small mass;
• no corrosion.

The main disadvantages are that:

• the coating may tear, crack;
• roofing material and roofing paper are subject to decay over time;
• the material is fire hazardous;
• under influence sun rays the coating fades.

Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a bulk material. It is easy to install. Several layers of mastic are applied to a previously prepared, dried base, covered with, for example, fiberglass. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a coating uniform in thickness.

Mastic roofs are of three types, such as:

• reinforced;
• unreinforced;
• combined.

The advantages of a mastic roof are as follows:

• cheaper than roll materials;
• high moisture-proof performance;
• quickly assembled;
• tightness;
• fire resistance;
• thermal stability, since the roof can withstand temperature drops from -40 to +100 degrees.

Membrane roofs are made of a film made of a special polymer. Membrane coatings are used mainly on flat roofs. Film webs, called membranes, are overlapped on the surface and attached to each other by exposure to hot air or using special tape. The membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.

Such a roof is highly durable. It is quick and easy to install. But, rather expensive in price, the material quickly fades under the influence of sunlight.

Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, asbophane are attached to a wooden crate with screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The angle of the slope should be 18-30 degrees.

Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the influence of sunlight, does not let through electricity... The ramp angle should be 8–20 degrees.

Ondulin are cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at large values ​​of state parameters such as pressure and temperature. Since there are no asbestos compounds in the material, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing coatings.

Corrugated sheet metal sheets covered with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional sound insulation is required.

There are three grades of corrugated board.

• H. It has a high load-bearing capacity and is used for horizontal structures.
• Brand C. Used for vertical structures.
• HC brand. A versatile material that can be used both for horizontal structures and for vertical use.

At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing work. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When buying a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of the profile, as well as its protective coating.

Metal tiles are slate-like galvanized sheets covered with polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire resistant, not afraid of heat drops. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the influence of sunlight, and is subject to corrosion. It cracks easily if handled incorrectly.

Asbophane is just as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but it will not last long, because it can get damp. To enhance the waterproofness, the asbophane coating will have to be periodically painted over.

Perhaps all the disadvantages of sheet coverings are taken into account in a new, modern material - composite tiles. It is a sheet roofing covering made of steel sheets coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the influence of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is fastened with forged nails.

Composite shingles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof, it will be necessary to provide for a vapor barrier, since the composite shingles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material is expensive.

To typesetting or piece roof include such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful outwardly, possessing everyone possible benefits With almost a century of service life, shingles are not the most common roofing material. Tiled roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite structures and requires a reinforced rafter system and high-quality lathing.

Color solutions

Choosing the right color for the roof of a house is very difficult.

In this case, the following factors must be taken into account:

• the location of the building;
• climatic conditions;
• color scheme of the facade;
• color of adjacent buildings.

Most often there are roofs of the following colors:

• brown;
• red;
• burgundy;
• dark green;
• black.

The prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors go well with facades of various types and colors. When choosing a roof color, you must understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so a dark roof will heat up in the summer heat.

For this reason, dark roofs are more commonly used in northern areas. While in the southern regions, light roofing materials are used more. Bright colors on the roofing look very impressive, but quickly fade and are used only for buildings built without architectural delights.

When choosing a color scheme for the roof, it is necessary to remember that the shades of the same spectrum are always successfully combined with each other. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is made in a warm color. Cold colors are combined with cold shades. Combining natural shades with beige and brown flowers and also with ocher.

An interesting facade is needed for a gray roof, otherwise the house will look boring.

Manufacturers overview

The modern construction market offers a huge selection of roofing coatings from both domestic and foreign manufacturer... The most famous brands of roofing that are in demand and have proven themselves in modern construction market, can be classified by country of origin.

• Germany is represented by three well-known manufacturers such as:

1. the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing;
2. the Crotop concern produces accessories for roofs;
3. Creaton manufactures ceramic tiles.

• The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces Cupa brand roofing slates.
• The Italian company Tegola Canadese manufactures Tegola bitumen-based flexible shingles.
• The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
• The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles of the Terreal brand.

• Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:

1. Lemminkainen manufactures bitumen, mastic roofing, roll roofing and shingles under the Pikipika brand;
2. Katepal OY manufactures Ruflex roofing and waterproofing coatings;
3. Weckman Steel OY manufactures Weckman brand metal roofing and decking.

• Among Russian manufacturers, the most famous are the following:

1. the trading house "Omi" produces the roofing of the same name;
2. TechnoNIKOL manufactures Shinglas brand shingles;
3. Suprn LLC manufactures Suprn brand roofing from environmentally friendly components.

Do not lag behind in a variety of types, types and colors and Chinese roofing.

• Chinese-made coatings are as follows:

1. metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
2. mineral - from crushed natural stone;
3. organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, straw are used for production.

The most popular is the Chinese cold-rolled galvanized steel tile. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. It can last up to 100 years.

Accessories and tools

To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the correct fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. And you also need to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing work.

To mount the roof, you will need tools such as:

• carpenter's hammer;
• construction stapler for fastening the vapor barrier sheet;
• a hacksaw for medium-sized wood with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
• construction cord for leveling the roof;
• marker of contrasting color for marking;
• screwdriver with suitable attachments;
• pliers.

How to make it yourself?

Since roofing works do not require special equipment, they can well be done independently.

Roofing works can be divided into three stages, namely:

• design;
• construction of a rafter system;
• roofing.

At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.

The decisive factors will be the following:

• climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - steep slope, strong winds - on the contrary, gentle;
• type of roofing material. For example, when using tiles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.

The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined slats called rafter legs, vertically located racks and inclined struts. The rafters ensure the stability of the roof, give reliability to the roof, redistribute the load on the entire building. The location of the elements of the rafter system is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one rafter system, and a hip roof will have another.

When self-erecting a roof, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the technology of mounting rafters can turn into a collapse of the roof.

After roof structure ready, proceed to the installation of the roofing cake, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing cake serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat losses, and prevents condensation from forming.

It consists of the following elements:

• vapor barrier;
• insulation layer;
• waterproofing;
• counter lattice;
• ventilated space;
• lathing;
• roofing material.

In order to properly mount the roofing pie, a certain algorithm of actions should be followed.

• From the side of the attic, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing it with the discharge side inside the attic. The seams between the panels of the film are glued with tape. This is the first layer of the "pie".
• A second layer is laid on top - this is a heater, which is better to choose according to the criterion "on fire - does not burn".
• The third layer is a waterproofing film, which is covered with insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are glued with tape.
• In the next step, a counter-lattice is nailed to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter-beam is a bar that provides ventilation of the roof. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the lathing, allowing air to circulate freely.

• A crate is nailed to the counterbeam, that is, the boards to which the roof will be attached. In this case, the material of the roof is taken into account: for flexible tiles, continuous flooring is required, for slate - thinned.
• Lay and fix the coating using the manufacturer's instructions.
• Auxiliary roofing structures are installed: snow retainers, gutters.

For information on how to install the roof, see the next video.

• roofing material is chosen when designing a rafter system;
• the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
• a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roof covering;
• when buying roofing materials, be sure to take the installation instructions from the seller;
• shingles are used if the values ​​of the angle of inclination of the roof are in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
• if the slope is at an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bituminous coatings;

• steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
• multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coatings: corrugated board, bitumen, metal tiles;
• installation of metal tiles begins from the end of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafter with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the fold of the wave. This will allow the sheet to move and allow it to be aligned if necessary. Metal tiles can be installed at any time of the year;
• all types of slate are laid with an overlap using a hinge;
• asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of the air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become fragile in frost;

• dry, warm weather is required for laying roll coverings;
• soft shingles begin to be laid from the eaves;
• before you start laying the roof from ceramic tiles, it will be useful to train first. Tiles have a special locking system;
• elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
• before starting work, it is necessary to take care of the fire retardant and antiseptic impregnation of all wooden elements of the roof.

General rules works with roofing material are as follows:

• the slicing is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to cut off the material while already on the roof, then the sawdust must be removed;
• before starting installation, you need to inspect the roof plane on which the material will be laid. It must have a flat and clean surface;
• work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
• it is impossible to step on the sheets until the final fixing;
• work begins with handling obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
• cover elements are fixed using fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.

Observing the instructions and safety requirements attached to the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

Considering any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of the house, its appearance has always been the pride of its owner.

A properly selected roof can become a decoration of even the most ordinary-looking building.

• In the modern world, cubic houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On flat roof you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
• A single-pitched roof can become a decoration of a two- or three-story private house. At the right choice color scheme, unusual and interesting options are obtained.

• An asymmetric gable roof looks original on a one-story or two-story private house. Appearance buildings are immediately perceived differently.

There are many options for arranging an asymmetric roof:

1. Arrange the ramps at different angles.
2. Make ramps of different widths.
3. If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
4. Build a veranda under one of the slopes.

• Surprisingly transforms gable roof the use of soft tiles as a covering.
• The arrangement of observation windows on the roof slopes gives the whole structure an originality.

• Several look spectacular different types roofs on one building.

A gable roof can be combined well with a hip roof:

1. The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, such a constructive solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
2. The slope is located under the pediment. Small windows located on the pediments will decorate such a roof.

• The appearance of the attic roof becomes more effective when the angle of inclination of the rafters is changed.
• The decoration of the design of the house will be the device of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.

The correct color combinations facade and roof finishes:

• buildings with a facade of light gray, white or lemon color, and a green roof, or a cream facade under a brown roof always look harmonious;
• combinations of walls of blue, green look noble and expensive, white under a black or gray roof;
• if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then the red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the general mass;
• a blue façade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;

• the classic combination is a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. Light walls facade and contrasting color of the roof;
• combination "tone on tone". The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
• dark walls under a light roof. To prevent the roof from dissolving against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on windows, doors, gutters.

The types of roofs by construction are determined at the design stage of the house. When choosing a configuration, it is worth considering the external appearance and facade of the building, as well as the climatic conditions in which the building is located, the general architectural requirements.

General about roofs

Types of roofs of private houses and their names are determined by their technical characteristics... In many ways, the aesthetics and character of the building depend on the roof. It can have one, two or several slopes, be flat or exclusive. Roofs with two or four slopes are more typical for cottages.

Flat structures are used in multi-storey and industrial buildings. These are the most common types of roofs for garage and outbuildings. However, flat roofs have a big drawback - they leak quickly and take more money to maintain than a pitched roof.

The concepts of "roof" and "roof" should not be confused, since these elements, although related to each other, but the essence of their structure is different. The roof is the uppermost element of the structure, which performs the enclosing, load-bearing, water and heat-insulating function. The roof is the part of the roof that protects the structure from external influences of the atmosphere. Slate, tiles, metal and other roofing materials are used for its installation. Types of roofs for a private house will be presented in this article.

Slope classification

By the angle of inclination of the slopes, roofs are divided into flat and pitched. A roof with a flat slope is considered one in which the angle of inclination of the opposite edges does not exceed 2.5 degrees. This design has a significant drawback - sediments are retained on it, subsequently leading to wear and the occurrence of leaks.

Fallen leaves and precipitation from the sloping roof are removed by hand. This design is not used for the construction of cottages and private houses. Flat roofs are crowned with multi-storey and industrial buildings, non-residential buildings and garages.

In the construction of private houses, pitched structures are almost always used. The roof will be considered such if the angle of inclination is equal to or greater than 10 degrees. Snow and moisture do not stagnate on the slopes, which reduces external pressure on the roof.

Types of roofs by construction: photo and definition

There are roofs that are separated from the room, that is, attic roofs, and those combined with the room - without attic. Attic, in turn, are heated and unheated. Attic rooms are divided into fully or partially ventilated and non-ventilated.

The ability to use the roof for domestic and other purposes divides them into exploited and unexploited. Technological progress and the imagination of designers have given us a wide variety of types of roofs in terms of construction. The photos and drawings presented in this article will allow you to visually familiarize yourself with them.

Types and designs of roofs of a house in a geometric shape

Shed roofs are a single plane lying on rafters installed at different heights, due to which a slope is formed in one direction. The most suitable roof option for an outbuilding is not too expensive and not too laborious. Any roofing material can be used as a covering. There is no attic space with one slope. However, equip the attic under shed roof it is still possible, but this will require a special additional project.

Gable roofs consist of two planes lying on the load-bearing walls, at the same level. In another way, such roofs are called gable. A triangular section of a wall "sandwiched" between two slopes is called a "gable". The gable structure is more complicated than the pitched one, but at the same time it is much simpler than all other types of roofs.

Gable structures are also divided in a certain way. Types and runners. The attic is characterized by sloping lines and pentagonal pediments broken at different angles. This design assumes more free space for organizing the attic. The upper slopes are located at a low angle.

Advantages and disadvantages of a gable roof

The ability to adjust the eaves plumbing is given by the gable types of roofs of private houses. In this case, drawings and additional projects do not need to be done, since the integrity of the common roof is not violated. The gable roof has other notable advantages over other configurations:

• The affordability of construction.
• Simplicity and economy of the design.
• Full height of the building and the possibility of arranging windows in the gable area.
• Simplicity self-erection without the involvement of expensive specialists.

The disadvantages include:

• The dependence of the height and angle of inclination on the area of ​​the house. The larger the house, the more material is required to create a gable roof.
• The organization of the attic requires an increase in the height and number of load-bearing elements, which increases the cost of construction.

Roof for a house with an attic

Attic views gable roofs build during the construction of summer cottages and cottages. According to technological standards, the height of the mansard roof cannot be less than 2.3 m, since this height is provided for the ceilings of residential premises. the attic is layered and hanging.

The overhead system is permissible only when the distance between two load-bearing walls is no more than 7 meters. Its essence lies in the fact that one end of the rafters enters the load-bearing wall, and the other - into the interior wall or a specially erected support structure.

Some types of roofs of private houses with an attic are based on the principle. Hanging rafters are used when the building does not have internal main walls. The support for the hanging trusses is the Mauerlat (log or very thick bar located on the top edge outer wall). To resist loads, the trusses are fastened with staples or wire.

The mansard roof is also divided into several types. It:

• Symmetrical.
• Asymmetrical.
• Broken line.
• Tent.

A symmetrical attic is created with a gable roof. In this case, the attic will have walls of the same height and width. The symmetrical shape allows you to install full-fledged windows under the roof, and, if necessary, doors, if you intend to exit to the balcony.

The asymmetrical shape is ensured by the hip arrangement of the slopes. In this case, the attic room will be of a small area. Two of its walls will have the shape of triangles, and the other two - trapeziums.

Broken line gable roof so called because it has external fractures of the edges to expand the attic space. A feature of the broken structure is considered to be the small height of the walls in the attic room. Such a roof is often installed in cases where the attic is built on an already built house. Broken structure Eliminates the load on the foundation, which was not intended to create another residential floor.

Under the hipped roof, the attic can be round, conical, pyramidal. It is very difficult to equip window or door openings in such a specific room, since they must be made according to special drawings. Simple rectangular openings will not work in this case.

More about hip and hip design

As mentioned above, hip and hip roofs are suitable for the structure.

The hip (four-slope) design differs in that two of its faces have and the other two have isosceles trapeziums.

Triangular slopes are located on the same plane with the pediments, and they are called "hips". For the hip roof, a double-tightened girder structure is used. Sediments from such a roof are removed quite simply. Hip slopes usually tilt at an angle of 45 degrees.

A steep slope implies the need for a drainage system. It is difficult to equip such a structure with your own hands, since it is characterized by a complex system of rafters, the installation of which requires precision and special skills.

There is also This is the same hip design, but its triangular slopes are truncated and installed at a smaller slope relative to the trapezoidal slopes.

A hip roof is considered a type of hip roof, in which all slopes have the same geometric shape. A hipped roof is arranged in the event that the base of the house is laid out in the form of a regular quadrangle or another. This structure looks like a pyramid, since all the slopes converge at one point at the top.

Advantages and disadvantages of the hip and hip design

The advantages of these types of structures are:

• The fact that houses with such roofs have an original, peculiar appearance.
• Strength, durability and reliability.
• Stability to loads caused by wind and precipitation.
• The attic space warms up evenly from all sides, which allows you to equip the attic with comfortable living conditions.

Hip and hip roofs also have some disadvantages:

• The structures are very difficult to construct and require special engineering calculations.
• Due to the vast area of ​​the slopes, the structure is heavy.
• The high cost of erecting an attic, since additional walls are required in the attic for its perimeter.

Multi-gable and other rare types of roofs

There are also more complex types of roofs for private houses. Multi-pliers is one of those. This design is used on polygonal buildings, with attics and annexes. It is distinguished by an abundance of internal and external corners.

A large number of ribs and skates gives the house a peculiar zest and sets it apart from others. Multi-gable configurations are the most spectacular types of roofs for private houses with balconies and other household and decorative extensions.

It implies the presence of a complex and verified rafter system, it is advisable to entrust its construction to experienced workers (since correcting mistakes made during self-construction will cost a lot). Multi-gable and hip - these are the most convenient types of roofs for private houses. With or without an attic, a building with such a roofing structure will be reliably protected from the influence of external negative factors.

Conical and domed roofs are rare, but interesting options in their own way. Not every building can be crowned with such a structure. At the heart of a structure that claims to be a conical roof or dome, either a circle should lie, or only separate fragments of the building are covered by it - terraces, towers, verandas. Cone and dome are quite rare types of roofs of private houses with a veranda.

In cottage architecture, there are combined, complex combinations that combine elements of hipped, domed, gable and hip roof structures. Such original types of roofs are crowned by houses created according to intricate designs, with several residential levels, several balconies, verandas, terraces.

The main elements of the roof

The final step in building a house is the installation of a roof designed to protect the home from rain, wind, cold and other weather "troubles". The durability of the building itself depends on how professionally the roof will be erected.

Despite the fact that the choice of materials and constructive solutions for roof construction is very diverse, the principles and general elements will be the same in any case.

Roofing cake is a structure consisting of several layers that creates a protective barrier against moisture penetration, thermal condensation, temperature losses and other negative circumstances associated with the operation of the roof. Layers of the cake are mounted in a strictly defined sequence, and each is interconnected with the previous one.

Frame - a system of rafters (load-bearing elements) on which the roofing cake is laid.

Roofing is a special material designed to protect the building from climatic influences.

Overlapping - structural element made of reinforced concrete slabs or lighter building materials, "lying" on load-bearing walls and serving as a ceiling for rooms on the top floor of the building.

Types of roofing materials

There are the following types of roofing, and when choosing them, it is not necessary to take into account the types of roofs by construction. Each of the following types is suitable for any frame shape.

• Slate is a "budget" roofing material, but it is in great demand among developers. Recently, slate production has declined due to the emergence of new profile coatings on the market.
• Rolled (soft) materials are made on a bituminous basis and also differ in affordable cost. However, they have a significant drawback - poor resistance to temperature extremes. Bituminous materials easily softened in extreme heat and damaged in severe frost. Fragments of the coating are glued together with mastic, which also loses its elasticity when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. It is believed that the service life of a roll coating does not exceed 7 years.
• The next type of coatings are polymer mastics. They are used both for creating a new roof covering using seamless technology, and for repairing old roofs of any type. Mastics are applied to the surface in liquid form and, after hardening, create a smooth, seamless, heat-insulating monolithic coating. Their important property is plasticity, which preserves the integrity of the roof in the event of thermal deformations.
• The mastics are resistant to sun exposure and low temperatures, are lightweight and extremely durable. Their service life is 25-28 years. Coverings based on rubber mastic are best suited for all types of roofs of private houses with an attic.
• Iron or galvanized sheets coated with an anti-corrosion alloy of copper, titanium or zinc are always popular with customers. They are released in rolls or sheets. The galvanized coating guarantees the preservation of the roof up to almost 90 years.
• created by cold stamping steel, imitating the texture of roof tiles. The thickness of the sheet is 0.5 mm, its surface is also treated with an anti-corrosion agent. The disadvantage of profiled steel is that it is not designed for bending and is absolutely not plastic. It is believed that this material is most suitable for simple pitched types of roofs. country houses and individual cottages.
• The next, no less common and well-known roofing coating is ceramic and cement tiles. This material is very heavy, so only slopes with an angle of inclination of at least 25 degrees can be covered with it, otherwise a powerful holding system of rafters will be needed. The durability of the tiles is high - 90 years or more.

Roof insulation and waterproofing

Whatever the types of roofs by design, they all need additional insulation and protection against moisture penetration. This is especially true for the roofs, under which the attic rooms are located.

Insulation is an important step in creating a reliable and quality roofing cake. To live comfortably in the attic at any time of the year, you need to choose the right thermal insulation material and professionally install it.

Insulation performed in compliance with all technological rules ensures a normal indoor climate. In winter, the attic will be warm, and in hot weather it will be cool here.

The thermal insulation of the attic roof is carried out according to the same principles as for a conventional roof structure, but with increased requirements due to the characteristics of the attic. Its walls are formed due to the slopes of the roof and gables, which is why the sun overheats them in summer, and in winter such walls quickly freeze.

The attic roofing cake consists of several layers, the sequence of which must not be disturbed. It:

• Vapor barrier layer.
• Insulating material directly.
• Ventilation gap.
• Waterproofing.
• Roof covering.

When choosing insulation for a mansard roof, it is important to take into account its thermal conductivity. This characteristic shows the ability of a material to transmit heat to the inside or outside. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation, and the better it will protect the attic from cooling. Any types of roofs of private houses with an attic and a garage in the cold season lose heat, since warm air rises upward according to physical laws.

The heat passes through the roofing cake and goes to the coating, which is covered with snow in winter. If the air temperature is not lower than -2.5 degrees, the snow, due to the porous structure, acts as an external heat insulator.

If heat loss is too active, the snow on the roof begins to melt, resulting in a crust of ice. It increases the load on the roof and, unlike snow, allows heat to pass through. If the roof insulation is installed according to the rules, the snow on the surface will not melt, and accordingly, there will be no ice crust.

In summer, when it is too hot, excess heat enters the attic. The air heats up so much that it is impossible to maintain a normal indoor climate even with an air conditioner. To avoid such problems, the attic roof is also thermally insulated from the inside.

Before installing the roofing pie for the attic, a thermal insulating material is chosen. The number of layers and the thickness of the insulation segment depends on the correct choice. The most common and available materials are:

• Extruded polystyrene.
• Polyurethane foam.
• Mineral and slag wool.
• Glass wool.
• Foamed glass.

Heaters based on natural materials: reed mats, wood shavings, straw, slag.