What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

A few years ago, we would say with confidence that it can be a nail or a screw, but the first and the second have their own advantages and disadvantages. Installation is quickly carried out with a nail, but it does not give the structure strength and over time it can simply fall apart. The screw gives strength to the structure, but due to the inconvenience during installation, it reduces the speed of work. Therefore, this problem is solved by self-tapping screws, anchors, dowels and screws. They combine both the speed of installation and the strength of the fastening, since the specially selected pitch and angle of the thread, as well as the tip, provide them with a quick fit and a reliable, durable connection. In addition, they have an anti-corrosion coating, which allows several times to increase the service life of the fastener, which means the reliability and durability of the entire structure.

Frame fasteners are designed for fixing bars, timber and structural Planks, building facades, window frames and metal profiles.

Fasteners general purpose used for light fastenings, as well as various types of hooks for fastening scaffolding, ropes, cables, chains. In addition, the trading network has fasteners for plumbing equipment, light and heavy building structures, for insulating materials, etc.

Self-drilling screws used for fastening sheet steel to heavy load-bearing structures and sheet metal with each other (overlapping), as well as for steel and wooden bases, assembly finishing works... Can be used in furniture production.

Screws for roofing are used for fastening profiled sheet metal to wood, to light steel structures or between. itself (overlap).

Self-tapping screws, hardened are intended for joining wood, chipboard and plasterboard boards, as well as for thin sheet metal.

Screws for the installation of gypsum plasterboards, they are used for attaching drywall to sheet metal profiles, to wooden elements, as well as for twisting sheet metal profiles.

Self-tapping screws for mounting window profiles used for fixing plastic and wooden profiles and other assembly work.

Fastening wood

The strength and stability of any product or structure depends on what kind of fastening is used that connects its parts into one whole. Wood occupies an exceptional place due to the ease with which the elements made from it can be connected to each other by various fasteners - nails, crutches, adhesives, bolts, staples with dowels, self-tapping screws, etc.

For the strength of the fastening, the product or the structure of the connection should not be selected randomly, but should correspond to the properties, the purpose of the product, taking into account the fastening along or across the fibers, as well as changes in dimensions with fluctuations in humidity.

Nails. Nails are the most common type of fastening in building structures and wood products. I produce construction nails of two types: with a flat head and a conical head.

Nails are cold formed from light, low carbon, unhardened steel wire.

Construction nails of a round (less often square) section in the carpentry industry are used with a length of 7 to 90 mm, a thickness of 0.7-3.5 mm.

Round nails are used when installing joinery partitions, barrier panels. Studs are also used - thin nails without hats, with which the lining, layout, sticks are attached. The connection of the main parts of these products is done with glue, less often with screws.

Roofing nails length from 9 to 40 mm, thickness from 0.8 to 2 mm is used for upholstery of assembled window and door blocks, cones of beams, wooden building structures in places of their contact with walls.

Decorative nails intended for the front surfaces of furniture, mainly upholstered. They are available with round, square and shaped heads, which can be smooth with embossed or cast designs. The sizes of the heads on the diameter or side of the square are 6,8,10 and 12 mm. The length of the rod for these nails is no more than 30 mm. When driving nails into wood (with a wooden hammer), their heads should not jump off the rod, there should be no dents, distortions or delamination of the decorative layer.

Nails resist pulling and lateral (shear) loads or the combined action of two types of loads. Resistance depends on the properties of wood and nail, the conditions of their use. Nails, like other fasteners such as staples and T-nails, should be positioned so that the connection works primarily in shear rather than pull-off, so that the nails experience mostly lateral loads and do not pull out. The resistance of the nail rod to pulling out of wood depends on the density of the wood, the diameter of the nail and the degree of its penetration.

The pull-out resistance of nails is greatly influenced by factors such as the type of point, the type of rod, the coating of the nail, the time the nails are in the wood and the change in the moisture content of the wood.

The greatest pull-out resistance is possessed by nails driven perpendicular to the wood fibers. When a nail is driven along the grain, i.e. into the end, the pull-out resistance for conifers is 75 or even 50% of the resistance when driven across the grain.

Crutches... Conventional wire crutches are made in the same way as wire nails. Their point has the shape of a tetrahedral pyramid, length 76-305 mm, with this length their diameter is larger than that of ordinary wire nails.

Bolts serve to connect parts, they are especially widely used in curved furniture. To protect the wood from crushing when screwing the bolt, washers are placed under its head.

Wood screws made from low-carbon steel or brass wire. Screw sizes: length - from 6 to 120 mm, rod diameter - from 1.5 to 10 mm, head diameter - from 3 to 20 mm, the threaded part of the rod must be at least 0.6 of the screw length. Screws are used to connect parts of products when the area for gluing is insufficient in size, for example, in bent furniture, screws are used to fasten metal appliances and accessories to, furniture and to joinery. For the convenience of screwing, there is a slotted groove (slot) in its head. Screws are distinguished with countersunk, half-countersunk and semicircular heads.

For screwing flush with the surface of the wood, screws with flat heads are most often used. Screws with oval or round heads are used in cases where it is necessary to give the surface of the wood beautiful view or if it is undesirable to screw in the screws. The main parts of the screw are the screw thread and the shank.

Modern trends in the development of wood fastening include the use of tapped screws along the entire length of the rod. Commercially available self-tapping screws in some cases have certain advantages.

Pins... It is assumed that the pins hammered into the drilled holes, the diameter of which is 3.2 mm less than the diameter of the pin, give good connection... The lateral load on a pin driven across the grain of the wood should not exceed the ultimate shear load of a rod of the same diameter. To compensate for the lack of washers and nuts, the pins are longer than regular bolts.

Staples... There are several types of staples, differing in the shape of the point, processing of the rod, type of coating, caliber, length and diameter. These mounts are available for use in pneumatic installations with clips or cassettes. They are used for upholstering furniture.

"Capercaillie"- large screws with a length of 35 mm and a thickness of 6.O mm with a square or hex head, adapted for screwing, a wood grouse with a wrench. Furniture wood grouses have a square shape with a widened base, which acts as a washer, preventing the wood from crushing when screwing in the wood grouse.

Squares metal are used for additional fastening of corner joints of parts. Overlays are straight metal plates with holes for screws: they are fixed on one or both sides of the bar (part) in places of insufficient strength or at the site of a fracture.

To connect parts of disassembled furniture are used metal screeds... There are overhead and mortise.

Shelf supports serve to support movable shelves in cabinet (cabinet) furniture. They are a metal pin "with corners attached to them. Metal clips are attached to the shelf holders to the pins (caps). The clips fit tightly into the slots drilled on the inner sides of the cabinet walls. They protect the walls of the nest from crushing the shelf supports with pins.

Hardware. Hinges called hardware, like other fittings for windows, doors (bolts, wraps, handles, locks, etc.). Usually the hardware is made of light, low carbon steel. Facial devices are varnished, chrome-plated, nickel-plated.

Window and door hinges are used for hanging door panels and window sashes, for raising or lowering; transoms and opening vents.

By design, card loops are distinguished: hinged with a removable hinge rod (bout), semi-hinged with a rod fixed in one card motionless, hinged with a rod that cannot be removed from the hinge, and hammer-in.

Hinges with a removable hinge are used where a wooden leaf or a window sash cannot be lifted in order to remove it from the fixed hinge rods.

I use semi-hinge hinges for wooden leaves and doors.

Hinges with hinge rods are used for small window sashes, transoms, vents.

Card loops are selected taking into account the size of the canvases and sashes, the thickness of the strapping of the bars.

Each loop consists of two hinged cards. The card consists of one steel plate, on one longitudinal edge of which cuttings are made, and the resulting projections are bent to form a hinge (folding cards).

There should be a distance of 6-11 mm from the longitudinal edge of the card to the side edge of the heel bar of the door leaf or sash, depending on the size of the bars.

Hammer-in loops are used for hanging binding sashes and canvases balcony doors with an influx.

In public buildings with a large oncoming flow of people, the door leaves are hung on spring double-leaf hinges to open the doors in both directions. There are left and right hinges, depending on the hinge of the door, sash.

Pens for doors and windows are of great variety. There are door handles for interior and balcony doors. Buttons instead of handles are used only for interior doors.

Espagnolettes are keyless locks. There are door and window latches. The door latches are cut into the leaf edge of the left leaf on the double door. The upper door bolt is 370 mm long, the lower 230 mm. They must be installed without distortions and jamming.

Mortise or overhead locks are made only at the doors. On the market building materials and products, fundamentally new mechanical locks with a plastic key card are used. Locks of this type have the ability to re-code multiple times and form branched systems of authorized access.

Opening is done by lightly pressing the key-card, and closing - without using a key.

The window valves, top and bottom, have a very simple design. They are incorrectly called latches. Keyless locks also include door and window latches of various devices and hooks.

Devices that help to close doors include leverless springs, with a lever, pneumatic.

Currently, in the retail network in a wide range there are devices for windows and doors, mainly from aluminum alloys with anodized coating, which improves their appearance.

Furniture fittings, depending on the type of purpose and material of furniture, are distinguished by a wide variety, including artistic decoration, for its decoration.

Materials for fastening carpentry structures

For fastening wooden products to the walls and interconnections of wooden structures, they use ruffs, crutches, staples, linings, clamps, anchors, etc. They are called forgings.

Construction forgings are made from forging, low-carbon steel (iron), most of them are forging products.

Ruffs are used for fastening window and door blocks in the openings of stone walls, partitions at the interface to the walls. The sharpened ends of the ruff are driven into antiseptic wood or plastic plugs installed into the walls. The ruffs are nailed to the box of blocks through the eyelet in the ruffs. Crutches are used for hanging cornices, paintings, chandeliers, etc. on stone-like walls. After punching a bolt or drilling a hole, place plugs and drive in crutches.

Brackets are used for additional fastening of connections on rafter cuttings and Mauerlat. Depending on the location of the connections of structural elements, they are straight, reverse and angular. Made from steel rods round section with a diameter of 10-12 mm or square. 10x10 and 12x12 mm.

The overlays are used for fastening composite beams and lower chords of trusses and arches. They are made from thick rolled steel.

Bolts are used to fasten composite beams, fasten frame and panel walls to the foundations, etc. The bolt hole is drilled with electric drills or they are laid in the foundation when pouring.

Tightening and non-tie clamps are used for tight fastening of beams made of logs or beams in cobbled and log houses, fixing the bars. They are made of 4x60 mm strip steel.

Anchors are steel parts made of 4x40 mm T-shaped strip in various lengths. Used to connect a wooden beam to a stone wall. Most often, the dimensions are 400x720 mm.

Anchors are used to connect wooden beams with reinforced concrete girders T-section length 500 mm. The folded ends of the anchor mesh with the purlin brand.

Clamps are made from scrap steel, and are used for fastening galvanized steel sheets, for fixing flat tape shingles. Distinguish different types cleats. So, one end of the trimming of steel is nailed to the crate when the roof is being made, the other is the standing seam of the galvanized roofing steel. Clamps for fastening tiles allow you to fix two tiles at once as follows: the horizontal lapel of the clamp lies on top of the laid tile, and under its vertical lapel, pulling another adjacent tile. Clamping hooks are hammered into the crate from the side of the attic.

Zinc-plated screws with a size of 5x60 mm or 5x70 mm with a semicircular head are used for fixing corrugated slate. To fix the auxiliary asbestos-cement corners, take a 5x40 mm screw with a semi-round and countersunk head.

I use construction and roofing nails for roofing. Roofing nails have a diameter of 3.5 mm and a length of 40 mm. The variety of construction nails allows you to choose the desired nails in the following assortment: diameter 2.5 mm, length 50 or 60 mm; diameter 3 mm, length 70 and 80 mm diameter 3.5 mm, length 90 mm; diameter 4mm, length 100 and 110mm and diameter 5mm, length 150mm. Fastening all piece materials with nails.

So, for asbestos-cement flat slate, nails with a diameter of 2.5 and 3 mm and a length of 35-40 mm, respectively, are used. For corrugated asbestos-cement sheets, nails with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 30 mm are taken. For wooden roof(chipping, shingle, shavings) use nails 2.5 mm, 50 or 60 mm long. Fastening "boards with nails with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 10 mm.

The wire is used as a fastener for stamped and ridge tiles. It is used together with nails with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a length of 40-50 mm. Nails are driven 2/3 into the crate and a wire is wound onto the remaining outside of the nail, which is tied to the spike of the tile with the other end. They use steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm, copper wire - 2 mm, and aluminum wire - 2.5 mm. Before fastening the tiles, the copper and steel wire is coated with oil paint so that it does not rust or oxidize, then dried.

For fixed joints in carpentry, braces are used such as bolts, squares, pads, insert plates, nails, screws, etc.

Cranial bars are attached to the beams with large nails in the manufacture of floor elements, when knocking back shields for partitions, ceilings, walls. The thicker and longer the nail, the more firmly it holds in the wood. A square nail holds more firmly than a round nail. The end of the nail, nailed through, is folded across the grain of the wood.

When fastening with nails in hard wood, holes are drilled with a diameter of up to 3/4 of the diameter of the nail. If you need to drive a thick nail close to the edge, then holes are drilled in conifers, the same in soft hardwoods.

Modern fasteners

In the last decade, new construction technologies have come to us from abroad, along with modern construction, facing and insulation materials. Unfortunately, much less is known about modern fasteners in our country.

General purpose fasteners

Designed to attach to any building structures from concrete and brick - solid and hollow (from hollow bricks to hollow aerated concrete blocks). The fasteners include a dowel and a screw for wood or chipboard.

Fasteners for hollow materials

It is used for fastening not heavy elements - lamps, shelves, plinths, switches, cornices, hangers, paintings, etc. to hollow (thin-walled) structures, such as drywall, gypsum fiber sheets (GVL), chipboard, sheet steel, hollow profiles , ceilings with voids, hollow doors, etc. The fixture consists of a special dowel for hollow materials and a screw.

Dowels for insulating materials

Designed for mechanical fastening of rigid and soft insulating materials in the form of a panel or sheet (stone wool, glass wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, foam, fibreboard, coconut fiber mats, cork, etc.) on a surface of concrete, lightweight concrete, natural stone, solid and hollow bricks, hollow blocks and aerated concrete. For installation of some models of such dowels, additional nails and screws are not required. Other models are supplied with a steel spacer nail. Leading manufacturers of fasteners use for these purposes only galvanized and passivated (with additional coating) steel nails with increased bending strength.

Dowels for aerated concrete

From the very name it is clear that they are designed specifically for attaching windows, doors, grilles, consoles, pipelines, suspended ceilings, wood and metal structures, cable routes, plumbing fixtures, etc. to aerated concrete building structures. locking screw made of galvanized and passivated steel or stainless steel.

This is the most modern class of fastening systems. They are designed for mounting parts on structures made of heavy concrete, dense natural stone and other dense, equally strong materials in cases where it is required elevated level reliability and safety (including for fastening facade cladding and load-bearing structural elements - traverse, consoles, etc.). The principle of operation of chemical fastening systems is based on filling the prepared hole with a special two-component mixture, which, when solidified, “tightly” fixes an anchor or threaded rod in the hole (the outward end of the rod looks like an ordinary threaded rod). The mixture is in a glass cartridge, which is inserted into the hole. After that, a rod is screwed in, which crushes the glass, and the mixture fills the entire volume of the hole.

Injection mount systems

They are a kind of chemical fastening systems. The difference lies in the way the hole is filled - in this case by directly squeezing the mixture out of the cartridge, similar to using sealants. Such fasteners are used for the installation of gratings, fences and railings, pipelines, plumbing, etc. Depending on the material of the building structure - hollow or solid - the system is used, respectively, with or without an anchor sleeve.

It is used for attaching sinks, urinals, bidets, hanging toilet bowls, water heaters to wall structures made of concrete, natural stone, solid bricks, solid gypsum slabs, hollow blocks, aerated concrete (there are special models designed for fastening to walls made of plasterboard, gypsum fiber boards, chipboard) ... These fasteners include a dowel, a galvanized and passivated steel stud, a nylon collar nut, and a metal decorative cap. Toilet bowls are designed for attaching toilets to concrete floor... It consists of a wall plug, a brass screw, a locking sleeve and a decorative cap.

Fasteners for balcony structures

Designed for fixing timber balcony cladding, polymer materials and metal, general cladding, small pieces of equipment, wire ties, building elements, etc. To structural elements balconies. Simply put, such fasteners are intended for fastening to thin-walled metal elements from which the balcony fence is assembled (pipes, profiles, sheets, panels and slabs several millimeters thick). The mount consists of a shoulder nylon spacer chuck, a brass screw and a decorative cap.

Frame fasteners

Designed for fastening frames, docking wall and plaster profiles, wooden parts (including plastering battens), skirting boards, wall corners, cable ducts, clamps for cables and pipes, etc. The fastener consists of a special frame dowel and an expansion screw.

Designed for invisible fastening of wooden steps to concrete or metal profiles, solid brick, natural stone. The fasteners include: a nylon dowel with a collar for fastening to solid materials or a nylon spacer with a collar for fastening to thin-walled structural elements, a brass or steel zinc-plated and passivated screw, a core for accurate marking of holes in the board. Such fasteners can be used not only for stair steps, but also for invisible fastening of any other wooden elements.

Dowel clamp

Designed for fastening individual cables, flexible pipes or cable harnesses to building structures made of concrete, solid silicate and clinker brick, natural stone, lightweight concrete and aerated concrete.

Clamp for cables and pipes

Designed for rational fastening of cables and pipelines to building structures. The clamps themselves are attached to the structures using dowels with a screw. These clamps are available in various sizes, each equipped with a special element that allows the clamps to be held together.

Choice of fasteners

When choosing fasteners, you need to remember that this is a very serious and responsible business. After all, pieces of furniture lighting, technical structures, which are attached to the walls and ceiling, are located, as a rule, higher than human height (in any case, higher than the height of a child). At the same time, even not the heaviest of them (say, a picture or a sconce), falling off the mount, can cause very serious injuries. What can we say about a hanging cabinet or bookshelf that fell off the wall. Therefore, the main advice: if you want to feel calm and safe in your own home, use only fasteners from the world's leading manufacturers. Installation is a responsible matter, and the quality of your repair depends on how it is made, in order to choose the right fasteners (using tables, you can easily select fasteners, depending on the material used) and learn about new fastening systems you can view Fischer fastening systems catalog 2014.

Modern fastening systems are a guarantee of high-quality and reliable fastening

At the end of June 2017 in Germany, the Fischer Group, a world leader in the field, received the Stein im Brett award, becoming the No. 1 in the field of construction fasteners. The main criteria for obtaining a high rating were product quality, price, ease of installation, and the desire to recommend products to others. Awarded based on a survey of builders and sales representatives. In the questionnaire, 297 suppliers of construction equipment were declared in 26 product categories.

Particularly noted was the ease of installation of Fischer products. This is recognized as the most important aspect in the daily work of builders and one of the main reasons why craftsmen recommend each other fasteners from this particular German manufacturer. Fischer specialists regularly organize meetings with installers and builders, as well as with representatives of trading companies, in order to constantly improve products and simplify the installation process. “After all, only those who work with our products on a daily basis help to find solutions to various construction problems at various sites and can truly judge the quality of products and services, as well as the level of the manufacturer,” comments Ralph Hefele, Managing Director of FischerGermany Sales GmbH.

The research was carried out in the course of 3000 workshops by the ibau information center. The aim of the survey was to identify a “highly respected” brand and the best manufacturer in the construction industry. “This survey is the largest and most significant in the field of German trade,” said Sven Hohmann, Managing Director of ibau. The research was carried out with the support of the Heinze marketing agency and the Helden am Bau online platform.

Let's get to know in more detail what types of fasteners are:

Anchor- a fastener designed to connect structures and products. And it is also customary to call a part that is partially concreted into any structure.

Bolts- cylindrical metal fasteners with a metric external thread and a head at one of the ends, as a rule, designed for nuts. The head of the bolt can be in the form of a hex, a cylinder, or a sphere. Bolts allow you to create a connection by means of a nut or a pre-made threaded hole in the part to be connected.

Nail- the material for the manufacture of ordinary nails is steel and steel wire. Two numbers are included in the marking of nails: the first is the diameter of the rod, the second is the length of the rod in millimeters. The head of the nail is either smooth or grooved. Screw, club and grooved nails are distinguished by the presence of helical, longitudinal and transverse grooves, burrs or dents on the rod. Such nails offer more pull-out resistance. Hardened steel nails can be driven into brick and concrete walls.

Screw- a fastener that is screwed into a threaded hole. In some cases, a hole is drilled at the end of the screw for using a cotter pin - a wire rod with a semicircular cross section, bent almost in half. The cotter pin serves to prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the fastener.

In order for the screws to perform their function of reliable fasteners in full, it is necessary to select their size and type correctly. So, screws are fasteners for wooden structures. Their shaft tapers towards the end and serves as a drill. This type of fastener cannot be driven in like nails - they are screwed in completely. Before using screws small size first, a puncture is made with an awl. Larger screws will be easier to screw in if you first make a slightly smaller hole with a drill. The screws are used to connect metal structures... The head of the screw facilitates the clamping of the parts to be joined, and its shape is chosen such that the screw can be easily tightened using wrench or a screwdriver. Screw heads can be hex, semicircular or countersunk. There is a chamfer on the flat end of the screw to prevent thread entry.

screw is one of the types of fasteners with a threaded hole cut inside. The most widely used are galvanized nuts. The shape of the nuts is hexagonal, round with a notch, square, with projections for fingers. The main purpose of the nut is to connect parts using a bolt.

Dowels used for fasteners in solid wall bases. The dowel fastening is based on the principle of friction caused by the expansion of the fastener during installation with the generation of a holding force. The dowel is capable of withstanding large static loads. With dowel mounting, the fasteners are destroyed during the pulling process. A dowel is made of polymers.

Self-tapping screws Are the most widely used fasteners for timber structures. To fasten parts of small thickness made of metal to wooden or plastic surfaces, self-tapping screws with frequent threads are used. Fastening of insulation, fiberboard, wooden parts is made with self-tapping screws with large threads. With its tip in the shape of a drill, it is able to independently make holes in the parts to be fastened. If a self-tapping screw is screwed into a hole drilled in advance, self-tapping screws with a sharp tip are used. A universal black self-tapping screw is used to fasten drywall sheets to sheet metal profiles. Universal self-tapping screw white used for fastening steel, plastic and wood materials.

Screw is a rod-shaped fastener having an external thread with a tapered point and a head at the other end. It has the ability to create new carvings in plastic or wood products. Screws - hardware, fasteners, which have found the most widespread use in construction and finishing works. They also cannot be replaced during installation. drywall sheets on a frame made of metal or wood.

Fasteners for wooden structures: the main varieties. Belts and supports. Serrated Plates and Washers

We all know the perforated metal corner can be a versatile device that is used both in the construction of wooden structures and the assembly of furniture, and in the arrangement of ventilated facades. They can be of different sizes, but it depends on their purpose, that is, the load force on a given node and its configuration are taken into account.

Perforated tape is used to reinforce various nodes that are connected at an angle, for example, it can be a connection rafter legs where the tape attached to the top will not allow the joint to disperse. The thickness of the tape varies from 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm, and its application depends on the power of the loads that will be applied to the formed node.

In the construction of buildings, wooden structural elements are often joined with nails. However, this procedure requires a lot of effort, as well as the presence of certain skills. To make the work much easier and faster, you should use more modern method, in which special fasteners for wooden structures, made of metal, are used during the connection. With the help of these details, even a person who does not have much experience in construction will be able to erect a building without the help of professionals.

What it is

Fasteners for wooden structures are an element with a specific purpose, having various configurations and sizes. These parts are made of high quality galvanized steel sheet with holes for bolts or nails. In the production of fasteners, it is this material that is used, since it has high strength, resistance to moisture. Products made from it do not corrode and have a fairly long service life.

The metal elements that secure the wooden structures must be manufactured at the factory. Only they will be able to ensure the quality and strength of the connections. Today, manufacturers are represented by wide choose various fasteners. The main thing is to choose the right type for a specific type of work.

Types of fasteners and their application

There are two types of parts: plate and shaped. Fasteners for wooden structures of each type are manufactured in different sizes. This allows it to be used in buildings with different parameters.

Perforated timber fasteners contain holes for bolts or nails. It is able to perform a reliable and strong connection of several elements at the required angle in one plane. Mounting plates are attached to the assembly on both sides. They are used in cosmetic and overhaul, fastening elements of the facade, construction of the roof of the building.

Serrated metal plates are made by cutting through galvanized steel sheets. They are used in the same place as perforated devices, but their installation is carried out mainly in an industrial environment. Fastening with such plates is carried out by the indentation method. This technology allows you to create absolutely identical designs of any complexity. To ensure a reliable and strong connection, do not hammer in the nail fasteners. Therefore, it is ineffective to use this type directly on the construction site.

Roof-beam fasteners are designed for perpendicular ones that lean on each other. They are also used in the installation of transverse parts.

They are used for fastening horizontal bearing elements with nails or bolts to different parts of the structure at right angles. They are produced in various sizes.

The sliding rafter connection is intended for the construction of houses from a log or a bar when installing inclined parts.

Metal fasteners for wooden structures are very profitable and efficient to use, as they have many advantages. The main thing is that it helps to reduce carpentry work, as well as speed up the entire construction process.

Required connection conditions

Fasteners for wooden structures in the form of shaped or flat elements, when installed in nodal joints, require certain conditions to be met:

all parts made of wood must be at least 5 cm thick;
when mounting, you should use only brushed or;
use self-tapping screws with a diameter of at least 4 mm, a length of 40 mm;
do not leave gaps between the mounted parts, they must fit snugly.

Ba local eleme nty

Are you looking for joist fasteners for timber structures? The catalog of these products in hardware stores usually consists of the following models:

Bracket WB - made of galvanized steel. This product is used to mount the consoles of load-bearing beams during the construction of a house with fixed with self-tapping screws or
WBD split fastening provides load-bearing elements with non-standard parameters.

Crepe Leniya Stro drank

In the construction market, types of fasteners for rafters with the following markings are in demand:

LK - used for the construction of roofs and ceilings in rafter system at home, fastened with self-tapping screws or special nails.
Reinforced corner KP - used when installing load-bearing parts in wooden houses, fixed with brushed nails.

Compounds with reinforced properties

Some parts of the buildings, which are subject to the greatest load during operation, require installation using reinforced elements. For example:

TM is used in the joints of the assembly and auxiliary parts, while being fixed with self-tapping screws;
corners of models KP5, KP6, KP11, KP21 are designed for mounting wooden parts with a high load, have oval holes, which provide strong and reliable anchoring.

Stand bridge connecting eny

If you need to purchase fasteners for wooden structures, the price will depend on the type of product, size, shape and features. So that you can roughly imagine how much a set of parts will cost, we give the approximate cost of their most commonly used types:

nail plate - 60 rubles;
wide corner KS - 6 p.;
fastening 135KLD - 46 rubles;
perforated KL - 14 rubles;
narrow KW - 2 p.;
reinforced KPW - 3 rubles;
beam KB - 22 rubles;
fastening of WB beams - 100 rubles;
flat mount - 6 p.;
symmetrical square KP - 5 p.;
for rafters LK - 26 rubles.

The use of specially manufactured fasteners in the factory for the erection of wooden parts of the building allows you to reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials, as well as greatly simplify and speed up the installation process. Having weighed all the pros and cons, we can conclude that the use of metal fasteners during construction is quite cost-effective, the financial costs for them are fully justified.

Fasteners, otherwise called hardware - one of the most widely used parts. Everyone knows what fasteners are and for what purposes they are used.

Their importance in carrying out construction works and on the farm it is difficult to overestimate. The term "hardware" originated from the abbreviation of the phrase "metal products".

Fasteners are of two types: detachable and one-piece. The production of fasteners is constantly growing and the variety of fasteners used is very wide. The reason is that these parts are an indispensable attribute of any development in the field of mechanical engineering. The standard of fasteners is regulated in the document GOST “Fasteners. Terms and Definitions. GOST 27017-86 ".

Let's get to know in more detail what types of fasteners are.

Anchor

Anchor is a fastener designed to connect structures and products. And it is also customary to call a part that is partially concreted into any structure.

Types of anchors:

ceiling;
hammer-in;
wedge;
frame;
with a half ring;
with a ring;
with a nut.

These parts are united by the performed function - fasteners. So, a drop-in anchor with an internal thread and a tapered wedge is needed to fasten materials and equipment to brick or concrete. The installation of such an anchor is simple: it is installed in a hole that has already been drilled earlier. The radius and depth of such a hole are selected based on the dimensions of the anchor.

The wedge anchor is used for quick fastening in concrete, a common material of such structures as strips, profiles, dropped ceilings... This type of anchor is often used to anchor heavy equipment to solid foundations. To install a wedge anchor, a hole is drilled in the concrete, into which the anchor is hammered with a hammer, after which it is tightened with a nut. Ceiling anchors made of galvanized steel fix metal profiles, facades, railings, gratings, on a concrete or stone base without cracks.

The frame anchor is designed for fastening frames and door frames from wood and metal to a brick or concrete base.

Bolt

Bolts are cylindrical metal fasteners with a metric male thread and a head at one end, usually designed for nuts. The head of the bolt can be in the form of a hex, a cylinder, or a sphere. Bolts allow you to create a connection by means of a nut or a pre-made threaded hole in the part to be connected.

A stepped bolt differs in that the diameter of its thread is less than the diameter of the smooth part. The foundation bolt has a specially shaped head to help secure the equipment directly to the base.

The most widespread is the hex head bolt under the wrench. Bolt sizes vary.

A fastener, such as a bolt, is usually inserted into a pre-made through hole in the parts to be fastened, then a nut is screwed onto the thread, and the parts are tightened with a wrench. The frictional force allows the connection to be secured. To transfer part of the load to the bolt, the maximum precision in the manufacture of the rod and the hole for it in the parts is required. To prevent the parts from deforming, washers are placed under the bolt head and nut. Bolt sizes allow you to find the right fastener for any application.

Nail

The material for making ordinary nails is steel and steel wire. Two numbers are included in the marking of nails: the first is the diameter of the rod, the second is the length of the rod in millimeters. The head of the nail is either smooth or grooved. Screw, club and grooved nails are distinguished by the presence of helical, longitudinal and transverse grooves, burrs or dents on the rod. Such nails offer more pull-out resistance.

Hardened steel nails can be driven into brick and concrete walls. True, when working with them, it is necessary to take into account their increased fragility. For fastening to rigid bases, roofing, wallpaper, plaster nails are used. They come with a flat, wider head than conventional nails, and a shorter shank. In aggressive environments, copper nails can be used, which are almost non-corrosive, as well as galvanized or alloy steel.

The operation of driving nails has its own specifics. In order for a nail to be hammered efficiently, a number of requirements must be followed.

To prevent dents on the parts in the process of driving in nails, you need to use a countersink. For the fastening to be strong, the nail shank must go 2/3 of the length into the lower part to be fastened. When hammering in small nails, it is best to use assistive devices. To make the joints of the parts to be connected stronger, it is better to hammer the nail at an angle. When using thick nails, to avoid splitting the board, you need to blunt the sharp end a little. If you plan to hang any load on a nail driven into the wall, it must be hammered not perpendicular to the wall, but at an angle from top to bottom.

The nail that has gone through must be carefully bent using a triangular file. In order not to damage the surface of the parts when pulling out nails with pliers, you need to use a plate that fits under the pliers, reducing the pressure on the part. If further dismantling of parts is planned, it is preferable to use screws rather than nails.

In some cases, liquid nails are used to fasten products. They are made from polymeric materials and rubber. Liquid nails are able to provide sufficient strength of fasteners no worse than metal ones. One drop of this type of nails can withstand a force of 50 kg. But their main advantage is the preservation of the integrity of the decorative surface. The scope of liquid nails is very wide. They are used for gluing to various surfaces of wall and ceiling panels, drywall, chipboard, fiberboard, wood, cardboard, ceramics, stucco decorations, glass, metal and many other materials.

When buying liquid nails, you need to be careful. Different grades of this material have a certain degree of adhesion.

It is advisable to use liquid nails:

with high humidity in the room;
for temperatures not lower than -10 0 C.

For example, neutral nails are harmless as they are based on a water solution. However, they cannot be used to glue metal. They do not like freezing temperatures either. Nails based on organic solvents have an increased speed of setting and can withstand temperatures down to -20 ° C. Their disadvantage is the presence of volatile harmful substances in the composition. Within 5 days after application, they emit an unpleasant odor. The setting of liquid nails takes place in a period of 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the brand. However, they completely polymerize only after a day.

Screws

Screws are used to connect metal structures. The head of the screw facilitates the clamping of the parts to be joined, and its shape is chosen such that the screw can be easily tightened using a wrench or screwdriver. Screw heads can be hex, semicircular or countersunk. There is a chamfer on the flat end of the screw to prevent thread entry.

A screw is a fastener that is screwed into a threaded hole. In some cases, a hole is drilled at the end of the screw for using a cotter pin - a wire rod with a semicircular cross section, bent almost in half. The cotter pin serves to prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the fastener.

Often a washer is installed between the part and the nut, the inner hole of which allows the screw shaft to pass through. If the screw is corroded, a hammer or special crimps are used to remove it. Heating the nut with a gas torch or blowtorch can often help. If open fire is prohibited for any reason, you can use a hot iron rod or a large soldering iron.

screw

A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole inside the nut. The most widely used are galvanized nuts. The shape of the nuts is hexagonal, round with a notch, square, with projections for fingers. The main purpose of the nut is to connect parts using a bolt.

Varieties of nuts:

hex;
square;
"Lamb";
flanged with a groove for a cotter pin in the form of a cap;
T-shaped, with plastic insert.

It is also worth noting that the nuts are also divided according to the strength class in accordance with the bolts with which it is used.

Dowel

Dowels are used for fastening in solid wall bases. The dowel fastening is based on the principle of friction caused by the expansion of the fastener during installation with the generation of a holding force. The dowel is able to withstand high static loads. With dowel mounting, the fasteners are destroyed during the pulling process. A dowel is made of polymers. Their physical and mechanical properties can vary greatly depending on various factors. These are the characteristics of the filler, the ratio of the components, the parameters of the binder. The disadvantages of polymers include low heat resistance, tendency to deformation under load, aging.

Only screws correctly selected for the dowel can withstand the maximum load. They must have a maximum permissible length and diameter corresponding to the length and thickness of the dowel. When using other fasteners great importance has a thread profile because it determines the expansion effect. The use of self-tapping screws and screws for fastening drywall sheets is not recommended.

A number of manufacturers are engaged in the manufacture of dowels that allow the installation of screws with metric threads. The greatest locking is achieved with a dowel in concrete, stone and other solid solid materials. It should be borne in mind that the hole for installing the dowel must be drilled in accordance with the recommendations for depth, diameter and distance from the edge. As a result of drilling the hole, there should be no cracks or chips. The hole should also be cleaned from debris and dust.

Among the offers of manufacturing companies, you can find varieties of dowels with increased length, necessary for soft and hollow materials. When installed in such a base, fixing is achieved by fixing the internal stop of the parts. For installation in hollow materials, the fastening is based on a combination of friction and an internal stop. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that determine the reliability of the fastening in all their interconnection.

Rivet

A part such as a combined type blind rivet consists of an aluminum body and a rod made of galvanized steel. This design is the most common. The purpose of the rivet is to join two or more surfaces of a thin sheet. The need for a rivet arises in cases where a permanent connection with a power tool is required, when access on the side of the closing head of the rivet is limited or closed.

There is also a rivet pull nut - a fastener that is widely used in mechanical engineering and electronics. The rivet nut is designed to create threaded connections in metal and other thin materials of high strength. Among the rivets, the most durable are steel rivets. Steel rivets are protected from corrosion by galvanizing.

Threaded rivets differ from conventional blind rivets in that they not only connect sheet materials to each other, but also have an internal screw thread.

Quality threaded rivets are installed in places that are difficult to reach with a tool as simple as a riveter.

Since the choice of rivet lengths and diameters is very wide, the search for the best one for the task must be carried out by marking on the product.

Self-tapping screw

To fasten parts of small thickness made of metal to wooden or plastic surfaces, self-tapping screws with frequent threads are used. Fastening of insulation, fiberboard, wooden parts is made with self-tapping screws with large threads. With its tip in the shape of a drill, it is able to independently make holes in the parts to be fastened. If a self-tapping screw is screwed into a hole drilled in advance, self-tapping screws with a sharp tip are used. A universal black self-tapping screw is used to fasten drywall sheets to sheet metal profiles. A universal white self-tapping screw is used for fastening steel, plastic and wood materials. Self-tapping screws are the most widely used fasteners for timber structures.

Washer

The washer is made from cold rolled steel strip. It is a round plate with an internal hole and is used to increase the strength of bolted connections by placing a bolt or nut under the head. Thanks to the rivet, the clamping surface of the parts to be fastened increases, which protects the surfaces to be joined from deformation when tightening the nut.

Hairpin

A hairpin is a fastener that has the shape of a cylindrical rod, with an external thread cut either along its entire length or at the ends. Such a connection is used if none of the materials involved in the connection have threads. Further, the connection is fixed by means of a nut, sometimes supplemented with a washer. The use of studs as a fastener is detrimental to the appearance of the product.

Screw

A screw is a rod-shaped fastener that has an external thread with a tapered point and a head at the other end. It has the ability to create new carvings in plastic or wood products. Screws - hardware, fasteners, which have found the most widespread use in construction and finishing works. They also cannot be replaced during the installation of plasterboard sheets on a metal or wood frame.

Various types of screws are also used in roofing, facade works to connect metal sheets... The roof screw has a hexagonal head and is supplied with a plain washer and a sealing washer, the latter being made of weather-resistant rubber. This type of screw is made painted and comes in 18 colors, helping to give the building an aesthetic appearance.

Each type of fastener is manufactured to perform specific functions. This explains the wide variety that fasteners delight in. The price of hardware is different and can range from 2-3 rubles to several thousand rubles apiece, but they are often sold by kilograms.

Fasteners are designed for specific materials and parts. So, using certain types of fasteners, you can connect metal to drywall, two metal products, or metal to wood parts.