What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty
Vacation home ideally, it should have a level of arrangement no worse than in an urban an ordinary apartment... And in order to equip a country estate with your own hands without the involvement of specialists, you need to carefully plan everything and work hard.
The big challenge is to create a decentralized one. But even when the required water supply system is ready, the problem remains to create automatic movement its work, in particular at the level of the pumping system. Let's consider an example of how automation is created for a submersible pump.
1 Types of modern submersible units
Before proceeding directly to the consideration of automation, you need to understand the popular types of pumps. There are two types in total submersible pumps:
- Centrifugal.
It must be understood that any of the above automatic submersible pump is installed exclusively in the liquid that it pumps. Although the name "submersible" speaks about this, but this simple truth is not clear to everyone.
Among other things, many buyers mistakenly think that surface models are better, but this is by no means the case. The specificity of the operation of these two types of pumps is the same, but the mechanism of operation is different, as are the conditions in which they are used.
Submersible pumps, for example, are used in wells with great depth where it is necessary to achieve an increase in water pressure in the pump for the possibility of pumping it up.
But it must be remembered that submersible pumps are capable of operating at a well depth of up to ten meters, while for deeper values of submersion, more highly specialized pumping systems are needed. Surface models are not capable of pumping water from such relatively great depths.
With regard to exclusively submersible pumps, the most popular and popular vibration pumps used to work on water wells, while centrifugal pumps are used extremely rarely for such purposes or to create water supply in the agricultural sector.
In vibration devices, the main structural element is the membrane. Under the action of a vibration mechanism, it is deformed, which subsequently leads to a pressure difference, the final effect of which is to pump water in the desired direction. Pumps operating on this principle have three brands most popular in the CIS countries:
2 What automation is applicable for submersible pumps?
In total, there are three main types of automation for submersible pumps. They are presented as follows:
- Automation unit in the form of a control panel;
- Press control;
- Control unit with a mechanism for maintaining a stable water pressure in the entire system.
The first option is simplest block automation, which is able to protect the pump from possible voltage surges and short circuits so frequent during the operation of the pumping device. To ensure fully automatic operation, the automation unit of this type must be connected to either a pressure switch or a level switch.
In some cases, it is possible to connect to float switch... The price for such an automation unit does not exceed 4000 rubles on average. But there is a nuance here. The fact is that without a pressure switch and special additional protection of the pump against possible dry running, the automation unit is practically useless.
And this is an additional cost of money, which obviously will not cost 4000 rubles. There is, however, a unit with built-in listed systems, such as "Aquarius 4000", but its cost is more than 4000 rubles and reaches 10 thousand rubles. This unit is easy to install with your own hands, even without consulting a specialist.
The second option, the so-called "press control", has built-in systems for pump automation and passive protection against dry running. Control in such a device is based on several parameters, among which the level of water pressure and water flow is taken into account.
For example, if the water flow rate in the device exceeds the mark of 50 l / min, then the device in the current mode, naturally under the correction of press control, works continuously. In the event of a decrease in water flow or an increase in pressure, the press control after a specified time interval (up to 10 seconds) turns off the pump, which is a dry-running protection system.
In cases of an increase or the flow rate of liquid in the system, which does not exceed the mark of 50 l / min, the device starts up when the pressure in the entire system decreases to 1.5 atmospheres.
This function is most important for conditions of a sharp increase in pressure, where it is necessary to reduce the number of switching off and on of the pump with minimal water flow rates.
This, moreover, has a positive effect on the operation of the accumulator. For conditions of a sharp and powerful increase in the pressure of the water pressure in the device, up to 10 atmospheres, an automatic shutdown of the device is provided.
The most successful examples of press control devices are the BRIO-2000M model, the price of which is not more than 4000 rubles, and the Vodoley brand devices, the price of which is from 4000 rubles to 10 thousand.
The price of a backup accumulator for devices of the "Vodoley" and "BRIO" brands of this type does not exceed 4000 rubles. When purchasing this type of automation (both the Vodoley and BRIO brands), you should take into account that it is somewhat more difficult to install it with your own hands than the previous version.
The third option, and also the last one, is a control unit with a mechanism for maintaining a stable water pressure in the entire system. This mechanism is primarily needed where a sharp increase in pressure cannot be allowed. And this is necessary because in cases of a constant increase in pressure, the power consumption increases and the efficiency of the pump as such decreases.
The absence of a sharp increase in pressure and constancy of the liquid pumping system is achieved due to the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of the device, while the rotation speed is automatically controlled. Control units of this type are represented by the brands "Aquarius" and "".
The relatively low cost of automation for pumps and the ease of installing them with their own hands attracts the buyer, and they immediately undertake to install everything themselves. But few people know that automation installed on deep diving equipment needs an electronic kit.
2.2 How to set up a pressure switch for a pump? (video)
Many owners country houses they are trying to equip them so that living is no less comfortable than in an ordinary apartment and there is centralized heating and water supply. And if you want to establish the operation of all autonomous systems on your own, then you need to prepare for a long and painstaking work. And even when a water supply system is installed, you need to make it work in automatic mode at the level of the pumping system.
Today we will talk about how to create automation for deep pumps.
Features of modern submersible pumps
Before you start creating automation for a submersible pump, you first need to figure out what these types of pumps are.
Submersible pumps fall into two categories:
- vibrating;
- centrifugal.
Submersible and surface pumps have the same specificity of operation, but their mechanism is different, and the conditions of use are also different.
For example, submersible pumps can be used in deep wells where with their help it is necessary to increase the water pressure so that it can be pumped upward. However, the maximum depth of use of submersible pumps is only 10 meters. For deeper wells, professional systems are used. It should be added that surface pumps cannot pump water from deep wells.
Vibration models are more popular than centrifugal ones. They are used in water wells, but centrifugal ones are more suitable for use in the agricultural sector. The principle of operation of a vibration pump is as follows:
- the key structural element is the membrane;
- it is deformed under the action of a vibration mechanism;
- this leads to a difference in pressure, as a result, the water is pumped in the right direction.
The most popular models in our country work according to this principle:
- Gardena;
- "Baby";
- "Aquarius".
When buying a submersible pump, you need to clarify whether it is equipped with a so-called thermal switch. Also, do not forget to check if it has the ability to take water from its bottom.
If you work in conditions where the soil is heavy, then you need to install the vibration device lower so that when the pump is running, the well does not collapse and was not contaminated with foreign bodies from the ground... Vibration models should be installed exclusively in hardened wells to avoid problems. And dismantling the submersible device in conditions of immersion in sludge should be carried out only during operation.
The models listed above are convenient both in terms of installation and dismantling, and both can be done independently.
In centrifugal devices the working mechanism consists of several wheels connected to one shaft. When the wheels rotate, the blades produce a pressure difference on them, due to which the water is pumped in the desired direction.
Popularity centrifugal pumps in our country is due to such factors:
- versatility of application;
- the ability to connect with your own hands;
- savings in the arrangement of the water supply system at the summer cottage.
Automation for submersible pumps and its types
Submersible automation falls into three categories:
- automatic control unit in the form of a remote control;
- press control;
- control unit equipped with a mechanism for maintaining a stable water pressure in the system.
The first option is the simplest control unit in the form of a standard remote control. This the unit protects the pump from voltage surges, as well as short circuits that often accompany the operation of pumping devices. To ensure full automatic mode of the device, the control unit of this type is connected to such devices as:
- pressure switch;
- level switch;
- float switch.
The average cost of such a control unit is about 4,000 rubles, but remember that this control device will not work without additional devices, in particular, the same pressure switch or additional protection of the device against dry running.
Of course, some models of such control units are already equipped with all the necessary systems for full-fledged operation, but their cost will already be about 10 thousand rubles. You can install such a control device yourself without consulting a professional.
Press control
The next version of the automatic control device is press control. It is equipped with built-in systems for automatic pump operation and passively protects against dry running. In this case, the control is determined depending on the orientation to some parameters, in particular, the pressure level and water flow. For example, if its flow rate in the device is more than 50 liters per minute, then it will work continuously. And if the water flow decreases or the pressure increases, then the press control will turn off the pump, and this will be the protection against dry running of the pump.
If the liquid in the system does not reach 50 liters per minute, then the device starts up when the pressure drops to 1.5 atmospheres, this is very important in conditions when the pressure rises sharply and the number of on-off operations must be reduced. It also provides for automatic shutdown of the device in conditions of a sharp and powerful increase in the pressure of the water pressure.
The most common press control devices on the market are:
- BRIO-2000M (cost - up to 4 thousand rubles);
- "Aquarius" (4-10 thousand rubles).
The cost of a backup accumulator for both devices most often ranges from 4 thousand rubles. And remember that purchasing a control unit of this type, it will be more difficult to install it yourself than the previous one.
Pressure support unit
The last option for automation for submersible pumps is a control unit, which includes a mechanism, maintaining a stable water pressure throughout the system... Such a mechanism is indispensable in those places where it is impossible to sharply increase the pressure, because if it constantly increases, it will increase the power consumption and reduce the efficiency of the pump itself.
All this is achieved due to the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of the control unit, but the regulation of the speed is automatic. The most famous models of such control units:
- "Aquarius";
- Grundfos.
It should be noted that the brand "Aquarius" is the most popular in Russia and neighboring countries in the market of control units for pumps. Devices of this brand attract buyers for the following reasons:
- relatively affordable price;
- good quality blocks;
- ease of installation.
The cost of different models can differ significantly, of course, devices equipped with subsystems and additional functionality will cost much cheaper than conventional ones.
What you need to know when installing automation for a pump
If you purchased automation for the device and found out that the selected control unit is easy to install without the help of specialists, do not rush to install it. First make sure is it equipped with an electronic kit, or you need to buy it additionally. So, if you have a vibration pumping system, then in addition to automation, you will need to buy additional expensive equipment, but for centrifugal pumps it will be enough to put a tank with electrical contacts.
Also, when working with a submersible pump, remember that it will work properly only in clean water... If the water contains solid impurities, they will fall into the blades, and this can cause damage to the pump motor.
Now you have an idea of what devices for automatic control for submersible pumps are and, you know how they differ from each other and how to choose them correctly.
The pump is the heart of the system, the automation is its brain. The launch will not happen on its own: either it will have to be done personally, or the care will be transferred to smart devices. As for the installation of the simplest automation with your own hands, there is nothing complicated in this: the components are on sale, instructions are attached to them - it remains to mount the automation for borehole pump according to the scheme, that is, it is corny to connect the parts.
If you can turn on the external pump yourself, water the garden, fill the barrel and turn it off, with the borehole pump it is different: the installation of automation is necessary - this is the stage of arranging the well. The devices are not bought in advance, but chosen together with the pump: you need to know which protective circuits are already integrated into the equipment (protection against dry running, overheating in modern models has already; usually a float is included).
Installation diagram of automation for a borehole pump
Like any electronics, automation can be of several generations (so far three), but the principle of its operation is the same. The generation is chosen based on the tasks. The simplest automation provides timely switching on / off of equipment depending on the pressure in the storage tank and emergency shutdown (in case of lack of water in the source). Modern electronic devices not only protect the pump, control its start-up, but also optimize the operation of the entire system, dispensing with a hydraulic accumulator.
The first generation of automation
The first generation of automation is the simplest devices that automate the water supply and protect the borehole pump:
- dry running blocker,
- float switch,
- pressure switch.
The dry-running interlock is simple: if there is no liquid, it shuts down the equipment. A float that responds to a drop in water level plays almost the same role. The devices are simple, but they protect the pump well.
Dry run protection connected to relay
The pressure switch is installed on the storage tank (without it, the 1st generation automation does not make sense). Relays come with a pressure gauge (if not, then a pressure gauge will also be needed).
Accumulator - component pumping station... It is in it that the required pressure is injected, which is distributed to the entire system. The pressure level is monitored by a relay.
The principle is simple. When opening the tap:
- water leaves the tank,
- the pressure decreases,
- the relay starts the pump,
- water enters the tank and the pressure rises,
- when the set value is reached, the relay turns off the equipment.
When configuring the relay, two threshold values are set - minimum and maximum. As soon as the pressure reaches a minimum, the relay turns on the pump, when it reaches the maximum, it turns off.
The first generation of automation is mainly used in shallow well construction. With great depth, everything is more serious.
Second generation of automation
Generation II control unit is an electronic device that receives signals from sensors and issues appropriate commands. Automation sensors are installed on the borehole pump and in the pipeline, which makes it possible to exclude the storage tank from the system.
The system works in real time. When opening the tap:
- water leaves the pipeline;
- pressure decreases;
- the sensor registers the drop in level, sends information to the microcircuit;
- the control unit turns on the pump;
- water enters the pipeline;
- when the maximum pressure is reached, the sensor gives a signal to the microcircuit;
- the block shuts down the equipment.
Although the system is more perfect, the principle of its operation is the same: reaching the minimum pressure level - turning on the pump, reaching the maximum - turning it off.
In addition to the traditional set of functions, the 2nd generation automation is equipped with the following options:
- temperature control,
- emergency shutdown,
- dry run blocking (not needed if available in the pump),
- liquid level monitoring,
- restart.
If the simplest automation is cheap, then here prices are already rising, and this can be attributed to the disadvantages (more expensive than I, but does not reach III generation, which somewhat reduces the feasibility of acquiring BU due to only one refusal of the accumulator).
Third generation of automation
Generation III devices are used to assemble powerful, reliable, energy-efficient automation systems for borehole pumps. Despite the preservation of the fundamental principle, the difference between traditional simple and modern devices is solid. The cost of the latter is also solid, but they work out the invested funds 100%, including significantly increasing the service life of the pump and creating serious energy savings due to fine tuning.
Downhole pumps are equipped with standard motors. When turned on, they begin to pump water at full power, consuming the specified maximum of electricity. It is unrealistic to adjust the engine with your own hands, since there is a constant difference in values: a different amount of water is required, depending on the intake - it is not possible to reconfigure the borehole pump (located at a depth) each time. Generation III automatics perform this function easily - the engine is supplied with just as much energy as is required to achieve a given pressure: to replenish a small flow, the system turns on the equipment at low speeds.
Installation diagram of the control unit (cut off the watermark)
In addition to fine adjustment of the voltage supplied to the engine, the III generation automatic equipment is equipped with all standard options and advanced protective ones: it protects the device from voltage surges, overheating, dry running, etc. The system can be configured to work in different modes, which allows you to organize water supply according to a non-standard, but optimal scheme for a particular house, replete with nuances. Storage tank not required: sensors are installed directly in the pipeline, equipment and other places. The data received from the sensors is processed by the control unit.
Installation of automation for a borehole pump
The simplest automation for a borehole pump can be installed with your own hands: installation does not cause difficulties. A float, a dry-running interlock is mostly already in the devices (if there is no interlock, it can be installed).
Pressure switch installation diagram
In addition, you only need to purchase a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure switch, a check valve that prevents pressure loss due to the outflow of fluid. The relay is installed on a tank or on a manifold. Cleaning filters are also mounted on the pipe through which water enters the accumulator. Check valve put on the pump (most often).
Connection comes down to simple steps:
- System assembly.
- Installation of a hydraulic accumulator.
- Installation of a pressure switch.
- Power supply (if needed).
- Setting the upper pressure threshold (by turning the nut).
- Setting the lower pressure threshold.
- Commissioning: test and, if necessary, additional adjustment.
The pressure in the accumulator is pumped up with a simple pump. This is the role of a person (nothing else is required - then the system works by itself).
Do-it-yourself installation of II and III generation automation is not recommended. Fine tuning of the control unit, correct placement of sensors is the sphere of activity of specialists. The devices are complex and require specific knowledge and skills. It is better to pay for the installation of automation once, than to disable an expensive electronic control unit with your own hands. As for the choice, either the first or the third generation should be taken: the installation of the second devices as equipment of the well with automatic equipment does not seem advisable.
The choice of automation for the pump
Remote electronic control of various actuators is a promising direction in radio engineering, which does not lose its relevance today. Here's one real situation. It is required to automate the supply of water to the house, bathhouse or other structures of the personal plot using remote control. The house is located at a distance of 100 ... 150 m from the village well. The submersible pump installed in the well is switched on and off via radio. At the heart of the device is a wireless call purchased in a store in St. Petersburg with a symbolic value of 192 rubles.
Industrial-made wireless calls can have a different appearance (photo 1), but they include a transmitter-transmitter and a radio signal receiver as mandatory elements. As a rule, such wireless calls operate at 433 MHz and, due to the very low power of the transmitter, do not interfere and do not affect the operation of other household appliances.
However, the range of such calls stated in the passport data is almost always greatly overestimated, sometimes by 2.5 .3 times. So, if the declared (indicated in the passport) range is, for example, 80 m, then the real distance of confident ringing will most likely be no more than 30 m.With an increase in the passport range, their price always increases proportionally. For example, a wireless call with a range of 100 m (in reality - about 35 m) costs more than 1100 rubles.
In fact, it doesn't matter which call to use, since its real "range" can almost always be increased at least 1.5 ... 2 times by connecting an external antenna. Therefore, we will consider the most "budgetary" and simple options... The receiver antenna should not be touched, since at a radio signal frequency of 433 MHz, an increase in its length does not lead to a significant increase in the distance of reliable operation of the transmitter-receiver bundle.
Photo 2 shows two different appearance models, but call receivers of the same circuitry with the cover removed. They have the same scheme, but the execution is different. In particular, the one on the left in photo 2 is assembled on discrete elements, and the one on the right is assembled on elements in SMD cases for surface mounting.
In fig. 1 shows a diagram of the receiver of one of the simplest and cheapest wireless calls. Pin 10 of U1 is active high level when a radio signal is received from the remote control transmitter (when its button is pressed). Conclusions 11 and 12 of U1, on the contrary, have a high level at rest and a low logic level when a control signal is received from the transmitter. Both of these signals can be used to control various devices if a simple set-top box is connected to the receiver.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE WIRELESS CALL RECEIVER
In order for the pump remote control device to work effectively, for example, when you first press the button of the remote control transmitter, connect the pump to the 220 V network, and when you press it again, disconnect it, you will need to assemble a simple device and connect it to the ready-made wireless call receiver board. In fig. 2 shows a diagram of such a device that allows you to turn on and off the pump without laying additional wires.
The submersible pump is connected in parallel with the EL1 incandescent lamp, which is an indicator light. (Thanks to this, it is possible to make sure from a distance that the command from the transmitter was received, the remote device worked, and the pump turned on.) 4 (or similar). In this case, the common wire of the set-top box is connected to the minus of the power supply of the receiver, and the input of the DD1.1 microcircuit (K1561TM2) to pin 10 of the CD4069BD microcircuit (in some models - D4069UBC). To prevent the melodic bell from turning on during the transmission of the control signal, it is enough to unsolder one of the conductors leading to the dynamic capsule.
The additional device circuit works as follows. When the power is turned on at the first moment of time, due to the discharged capacitor C2, a high logic level enters the R input of the DD1.1 flip-flop, which zeroes the trigger and a low logic level is set at its direct output Q (pin 1 of the DD1.1 microcircuit). Therefore, the transistor VT1 is closed, relay K1 is de-energized, the EL1 lamp does not light, the pump does not work.
Approximately a third of a second after switching on, the capacitor C2 will charge almost to the supply voltage and the level at the R input of the flip-flop (pin 4 of DD1.1) will change to low. Now it is ready to receive signals to clock input C, which, as follows from the circuit, has a low initial level.
When a radio signal is transmitted from the remote control transmitter, it is received by the call receiver and a high logic level appears at pin 10 of the U1 microcircuit, which is fed to the C input of the DD1.1 microcircuit of the additional device. As a result, the trigger is thrown into another stable state - now a high voltage level appears at its direct output Q (pin 1 of DD1.1). Transistor VT1 turns on relay K1, and its contacts, in turn, close the electric power supply circuit of the EL1 lighting lamp and the submersible pump. The trigger can be in this state for an arbitrarily long time, until the next positive edge of the pulse arrives at input C (the next pressing of the key of the transmitter panel), which will switch the trigger to its original state. This will extinguish the EL1 lamp and turn off the pump.
The maximum load (pump) power that can be connected to this remote control device depends on the parameters of the electromagnetic relay K1 and for a RES35 type relay should not exceed 350 W.
All the details of the set-top box are easily placed on a board with dimensions of 30x40 mm, which, together with the connecting wires, is placed in the standard case of the bell receiver in the battery compartment. To reduce electrical noise, it is desirable that the wires connecting the device to the power source and going from the K1 relay to the pump have a cross section of at least 1.5 mm2 and be as short as possible.
Fixed resistors - MLT-0.25 (MF-25) type. Oxide capacitors are of the K50-26 type for an operating voltage of at least 16 V. The remaining non-polar capacitors are of the KM-6B type. Chip DD1 - type К1561ТМ2, it can be replaced by К561ТМ2 without sacrificing work efficiency. You can also use the K561TM1 trigger, but in this case you will have to make the appropriate changes to the circuit. Transistor VT1 - field type KP540A with a large input impedance... This allows you to minimize the load on the trigger output of the DD1 microcircuit. Instead of KP540A, you can use a field-effect transistor of any of the KP540 series or its foreign analogues BUZ11, IRF510, IRF521.
Relay K1 can be replaced by RES43 (version RS4.569.201) or another, designed for the operating voltage
4 ... 4.5 V and current 10 ... 50 mA. It is undesirable to install a relay with an actuation current of more than 100 mA into the device. HL1 LED - any, with its help it is convenient to control the operation of the relay. If necessary, elements HL1 and R3 can be excluded from the circuit. An additional switch SA1 allows you to control the pump manually.
In the basic version, the call receiver is powered by two finger-type elements of 1.5 V. But when using a call as part of a remote control of the pump, it is better to use a network stabilized power supply with a voltage of 5 V. in standby mode and increases to 50 mA when the relay is energized. For other types of relays, the current consumption may have a different value. It is not worth increasing the supply voltage of the receiving node to 12 V or more, since the range of reliable communication with the transmitter panel will not increase. The optimal supply voltage of the receiver is 5 ...
REFINING THE WIRELESS CALL TRANSMITTER
The wireless bell transmitter is housed in a housing the size of a standard Matchbox... His electrical circuit shown in Fig. 3
3. The remote control transmitter does not need to be revised. In order not to change the battery once a year, a TV-182-C adapter with a stabilized output voltage of 12 V and a current of 0.5 A is used to power the transmitter.
To increase the range of operation to the antenna contact on printed circuit board using a piece of MGTF-0.8 wire (or similar), a telescopic whip antenna is connected from any portable radio receiver. As a last resort, you can use a similar one as an external antenna. stranded wire 35 ... 40 cm long, fluffing (like the petals of a flower) at the end of its thin conductors (the diameter of the diverging petals is 6 ... 8 cm). But such an improvised antenna works much worse than a telescopic one. The longest operating range with a telescopic antenna will be when it is extended by about 35 ... 40 cm.
The original and modernized transmitter consoles are shown in photo 3. With a telescopic antenna, it is possible to increase the real "range" of the transmitter console up to 200 m, provided there is a line of sight.
A.Kashkarov, St. Petersburg
Based on materials from the magazine "SAM"