What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

As specified in article 36 of the RF LC, in an apartment building all places are intended for common use all tenants, and they are in their fractional ownership.

The owners of the premises can own and, with some restrictions, dispose of this property.

Common areas in multi-unit residential buildings include:

Premises of a residential building that cannot be classified as apartments and their purpose is maintenance. These are elevator shafts and corridors attics, staircases between floors, technical floor and basement, as well as other premises where engineering communications are located.
Those premises that do not belong to the property of citizens and are used to meet social and domestic needs. These are rooms for leisure or physical education, etc.
Roof, non-supporting and enclosing structures, as well as all equipment (mechanical or plumbing) that is necessary for servicing the premises, if their number is more than 2 pieces.
All objects on adjoining territory, which help to maintain the house and the territory itself, in particular. The area of common areas in an apartment building differs in each case.

Who pays for heating in the entrance and common areas?

The difference between the consumption of the general meter for the house and the individual consumption for all apartments will be divided for each of them, provided that its area is taken into account. This means that the difference in the readings on the receipt is marked as an ODN fee.

Heating of common areas in an apartment building, as can be learned from the Government Decree, is determined by a special formula prescribed in it.

The volume of consumed services is distributed among consumers, which was spent on general household needs. For the billing period, the flow rate cannot be higher than that prescribed in the standards.

Calculation example

For example, if for the year according to the general house counter the indicators were 800 Giga calories, and the area of the whole house (including apartments and common areas) is 6000 square meters, then we need to calculate how much heat goes away for each m2.

In this case, during the year, 0.133 Gcal had to be spent on heating each meter, and 0.011 Gcal was spent monthly. According to tariff plans, citizens pay 1 Gcal at a cost of 943.60 rubles.

Accordingly, every month each tenant of the house needs to pay 943.60 * 0.011 * 1.18 (VAT) = 12.2 rubles for heating a square meter in the house. To find out how much to pay for your apartment, you just need to substitute the footage of your home and multiply by this value.

On average, the owner of an apartment with a total area of 40 square meters needs to pay 488 rubles a month for heating common areas.

Features of the content

If we talk about legislation, then all the rules for using the total area and the obligations of the owners are spelled out in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and the Resolution of August 13, 2016.

According to these two documents, all places of common use must be constantly in good condition, the same applies to all communications. The owners of the premises themselves, through the meeting, must decide how, when and for what funds to conduct renovation work... The terms of these works are not documented.

A number of points regarding the frequency of the planned cosmetic repair facade or entrance can be prescribed in the contract for the maintenance of a residential building. At the meeting, the owners themselves need to decide and approve the timing of the repair work.

The need for their implementation is established and spelled out in the act of examining problem areas of public use. According to the RF LC, the maximum time period that is allotted for performance overhaul entrances, equal to 5 years.

It is logical that replacing windows and others minor works, as well as the replacement of the heating system is carried out mainly in the summer. This also includes cosmetic work such as painting walls and railings. With regard to payment, the entire cost of the repairs carried out is included in the payment for the services provided by the CM.

Residents make small monthly payments for the renovation of the premises. general purpose... The amount of such a fee can be approved for general fees, if the quorum votes for it and the decision is correctly drawn up.

In most cities, residents are faced with just the lack of the notorious lighting in the stairwell and stairwell. Previously, the owners paid out of their own pockets a payment for the consumed kilowatts, which was included in the tariff item "Housing Services".

Lighting of common areas in an apartment building means:

Performing work to ensure the supply of electricity to common areas: maintenance and repair of electrical networks, as well as lamps.
Contain all engineering systems(which are common property) in a proper form so that the owners can be supplied with electricity to the common areas.

On the one hand, it is possible to understand the apartment owners: it is often a surprise for them that they have to pay for the electricity spent on general household needs.

In addition, the lights in the entrances are constantly on, a round-the-clock shop on the ground floor can be "fed" from the house, and so on. And on the other hand, since the tenants live in high-rise apartments that are in their ownership, which means that they will have to pay for the kilowatts spent on lighting this house.

Since the management of the house is transferred to the owners, they are financially responsible for everything that happens in it. Resource supplying companies also do not want to incur losses for an unpaid, but delivered resource, so let's take an example of how and who will pay for the light spent on general household needs:

Calculation example

The owner lives in an apartment of 37 square meters. It is located in a house with a total area of 900 square meters (including all residential and non-residential premises).

The general house meter showed that 1,300 kW of electricity were consumed in a month, while 840 of them were spent on lighting apartments and non-residential premises (office, store, etc.) that are in the house. The meter in the tenant's apartment recorded that he consumed 70 kW of electricity for this month.

To find out how much to pay for electricity, which was spent on the needs of the house, it is necessary to subtract the cost of lighting apartments from the general household consumption. We carry out calculations: 1300-840 = 460 kW was spent on the needs of the house.

Then you need to find out how much of this amount you need to pay to each apartment owner. To do this, we divide the area of the apartment by the common area and multiply by the amount of energy consumed: 37/900 = 0.041 * 460 = 18.91.

Then this value must be multiplied by the tariff set by the regional energy commission. Thus, the owner of the apartment will have to pay 18.91 * 2.57 (local tariff) = 48.59 rubles for electricity, which was spent on general household needs.

Landing cleanliness

Buying a home on the secondary market is a kind of agreement with the already established rules for cleaning the staircase. The buyer has only a couple of options:

Observe the rules and try to influence them in the future.
Immediately enter into a conflict situation.

In this case, at the general meeting of the apartments, the management company should be chosen by voting. In this case, the responsibility for cleaning common areas in an apartment building falls on the shoulders of its employees.

Wet cleaning of window sills, walls and windows, sweeping and washing the floor - these are all responsibilities of the Criminal Code, which must also monitor the condition of garbage chutes and, if necessary, replace broken containers with new ones.

Since all tenants pay for such services, they must be provided regularly and in full. Any problems should be discussed separately and, if the quality of the services provided is far from ideal, write a statement and change the management company.

For any normal person, the sight of dirt causes negative emotions, the more cleanliness directly affects the health of his body.

In their own apartments, people independently maintain order, they can create cleanliness and comfort at least every day.

In the porches, cleaning and maintenance is included in the apartment building.

This requirement is spelled out in Housing Code in article 36... Below is a detailed description of the standards for the maintenance of landings in order.

Definition of concepts and legislative regulation of the issue

The law does not provide for the presence of a cleaner for each separate entrance. She can remove from three to ten objects at once. If the housing and utilities sector does not provide such specialists at all, it means that it violates legal norms.

According to Resolution of the State Construction Committee Russian Federation 170 , approved on September 27, 2003, staff must clean the stairwells management company... It is also allowed to enter into agreements with contractors. In accordance with By Government Decree on Article 290, adopted on April 3, 2013, as well as GOST on housing and communal duties and services, staircases are cleaned by designated persons. Carrying out professional duties, they are guided by the rules from the listed documents.

Mandatory cleaning at the entrances The multi-apartment residential complex is produced in accordance with the legislation of the Government of April 20, 2013. Display graphics a similar process is present in the appendix to the contractual agreement with the housing authority.

Rules for putting things in order

From section 36 of the Housing Code it follows that common property apartment building consists of elevators, corridors, platforms, attics, technical floors, stairs, basements and other premises located in this structure.

According to Government Decree 290 the management company is responsible for performing the minimum number of various actions related to keeping the house clean and providing an acceptable image for each entrance.

In the same paragraph, provisions are noted according to which cleansing and wet cleaning produced for the following areas:

corridors and vestibules;
window sills, elevators, window bars and pits;
cabinets and doors for electrical panels;
boxes for correspondence and landings.

Cleaning of entrances that complies with all legal regulations is a duty. Therefore, the introduced cash tenants for its repair and maintenance are sent to this organization.

Frequency of implementation

General specifications GOST of the Russian Federation 51617-2000 about housing and utilities ah, the cleaning lady must do the following work:

Responsible for maintaining cleanliness

In accordance with the Government Decree, it is the responsibility of all utilities to properly maintain the load-bearing structures of a residential building, equipment, engineering and technical systems.

From the twenty-third point, one can clearly distinguish actions associated with the maintenance of a room located in an apartment building. These include:

implementation of wet and dry cleaning in halls, vestibules, galleries, corridors, elevator cabins and platforms, ramps, stair steps;
wiping off dust that covers window grilles, window sills, stair railings, cabinets electric meters, mailboxes, low-current devices, door leaves, boxes and handles, door closers;
cleaning window panes;
removal of dirt from protective devices. As a rule, these are metal gratings, cell coverings, pits, textile mats.

Conflict situations and methods of their resolution

At the moment, very often apartment residents are faced with poor quality of cleaning in the entrances. Many people complain about the poor condition of the flights of stairs due to a noticeable layer of dirt or dust on them, debris, cobwebs, surrounding inscriptions, including on the walls. Obviously, these situations arise due to the irregular establishment of order in the entrances.

Not everyone can silently react to this state of affairs, so they try to defend their own rights. You can be indignant for a long time, hoping for changes for the better, but the most working method- this is to contact the housing and communal service or the management organization serving the corresponding residential building. These companies are obliged to give advice on maintaining cleanliness in the premises, because the payment of utilities includes cleaning the entrances belonging to a particular house. Dissatisfied residents should be provided with qualified specialist advice.

Residents have the right to direct written claim in the form, about the dirty state of staircases or entrances. Such a document is drawn up in any form indicating the requirements. Employees of the management company or housing and communal services are required to provide a number of necessary clarifications on how to complete the application.

Conflicts can be associated with the work of cleaning women in the entrances. All complaints about non-fulfillment of their tasks, violation of the laws on maintenance of staircases, as well as the absence of an employee at the place of his activity are submitted to the executives of the management company at the place of residence. They, in turn, must take action in relation to a negligent employee, including for further negligence in their work, he will be removed from office.

The residential building management company is obliged to send a special commission, in order to assess how well the work was done to maintain cleanliness in the entrances.

If the service company apartment buildings does not take any measures on the received complaint from the owners, then they have every right to send to the following the organization:

Federal Service Rospotrebnadzor;
the prosecutor's office;
city and district administration.

Consideration period complaints sent is no more than one month from the date of their receipt. If the application is urgent, the processing period is reduced to one or five days.

Thus, maintaining cleanliness in the entrances of buildings with a large number of apartments is a mandatory norm of legislation, approved on April 20, 2013. When concluding a contractual agreement with a management company serving an apartment building, it must be accompanied by a procedure for cleaning. This organization is responsible for the execution of the provision of such a service to the owners of residential premises.

The rules for the provision of cleaning services in apartment buildings by management companies are described in the following video:

Recently, the question of the concept “ non-residential premises»In apartment buildings. Often they confuse it with the premises that are part of the common property, or with common areas. In this regard, questions about calculating the size of utility bills are only increasing.

So, let's figure out what " non-residential premises”, And how utility bills should be calculated for them.

According to the "Rules for the provision of communal services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 06.05.2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), non-residential premises in an apartment building are recognized as premises that are not living quarters (apartments) and common property of owners of premises in an apartment building(entrances, basements, elevators, stairwells, attics, etc.).

Conventionally, non-residential premises can be understood as commercial premises (shops, cafes, hairdressers, pharmacies that are located in the house and, accordingly, are an integral part of it).

A non-residential premises, like a residential one, must have an owner (that is, an appropriate certificate of registration of ownership must be issued for it).

In addition, the owners of non-residential premises have the same rights and obligations as the owners of residential premises, which means that the calculation of the amount of payment for utilities (including for general building needs) is made for them on a general basis, according to the occupied area. , indications individual devices accounting, or according to the volumes identified by the calculation method.

In the formulas for calculating the amount of payment for utilities specified in the Rules, such a concept as total area of all residential and non-residential premises, i.e. it is the area of the premises to which the owners or users of the premises are assigned. It is important to note, what common areas, which are part of the common property, in this area not included.

Today, the correct determination of the area has become relevant due to the need to equip apartment buildings with general house metering devices, since in those houses where these devices are not available, no matter what area the commercial organizations occupy the first floors, the calculation is made for apartments according to standards, for non-residential premises, a certain amount of utilities is calculated by the resource supplying organization, taking into account the area of the premises and other parameters.

If a general house metering device is installed in the house, it is important to take into account all the premises, because if you do not take into account non-residential premises, then these costs will be borne by the owners and tenants of apartments.

Increasingly, there are cases when premises that are part of common property (basements, basements, etc.) acquire the status of non-residential premises. In such cases, the procedure for calculating the amount of payment for utilities may take 2 radically opposite shapes:

1) if the premises that are part of the common property (basement, basement, etc.) are legally registered as non-residential (i.e. a certificate of registration of ownership has been issued for it), then the calculation will be made as for non-residential premises;

2) if this premises is not registered as non-residential, then this premises will refer to premises that are part of the common property of an apartment building, and in this case, the payment for utilities consumed in these premises will be distributed to all owners and tenants of residential and non-residential the premises of this house, in proportion to the occupied area.

Thus, in those apartment buildings where the premises that are part of the common property of the owners of the premises are used for commercial purposes, as well as there are non-residential premises, it is necessary to know exactly on what basis these premises are occupied, and how utility bills are calculated for them.

Note to homeowners :

According to subparagraph p) of paragraph 31 of the Rules, it is the responsibility of the utility contractor to provide any consumer within 3 working days from the date of receipt of the application from him with written information for the billing periods requested by the consumer on the monthly volumes (amount) of utilities consumed according to the indications of collective (common household) appliances accounting (if any), on the total volume (quantity) of the corresponding communal resources consumed in residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building, on the volumes (quantity) of communal resources, calculated using the standards for the consumption of communal services, on the volumes (quantity) of communal resources provided for general house needs.

Therefore, if there are questions about payment for utilities, consumers of utilities should contact the contractor in a timely manner for appropriate explanations.

Only consumer control can force performers to act in good faith in the performance of their duties.

Chief Lawyer of the Malaya Rodina IA V. Shashnov

In accordance with part 9.2. Article 156 of the RF LC "The amount of expenses of citizens as part of the payment for the maintenance of living quarters for payment cold water, hot water, discharge Wastewater, electrical energy consumed when fulfilling the minimum list of services and works necessary to ensure the proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, is determined based on the consumption standards of the corresponding types of communal resources in order to maintain common property in an apartment building, approved by the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation ... ".
Consequently, the procedure for using common areas for the purpose of calculating utility costs for the maintenance of common areas is determined by the rules for calculating consumption standards for the maintenance of the common property of an apartment building, which are approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 N 306 (hereinafter Rules No. 306).
According to clause 7 (1) of Regulation No. 306 "When choosing a unit of measurement for the standards of consumption of communal resources in order to maintain common property in an apartment building, ... 1 square meter of the total area of the premises that are part of the common property in an apartment building are used."
According to paragraph 9, clause 27 of Appendix 1 to Rules No. 306, when calculating the standards for the consumption of cold (hot) water for the maintenance of common property by the calculation method "The total area of the premises included in the common property in an apartment building is determined as the total area of the following premises, not part of the apartments of an apartment building and intended to serve more than one room in an apartment building (according to the information specified in the passport of an apartment building): the area of inter-apartment staircases, staircases, corridors, vestibules, halls, lobbies, wheelchairs, security (concierge) premises in this apartment building not owned by individual owners. "
In clause 37 (formula 34) of Appendix 1 to Regulation No. 306 for the purpose of calculating the standard for the consumption of electrical energy for the maintenance of the common property of an apartment building from the total area of common areas, no exemptions are provided. And, therefore, its size is determined based on all the premises named in clauses 1, 2, part 1 of article 36 of the RF LC and pp. and clause 2 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.2006 N 491.
However, it should be noted that in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, when establishing standards for the consumption of electric energy for general household needs, the area for which such consumption standards were established was indicated. For example, it was indicated that the norms for the consumption of electrical energy for general house needs were approved for the area without taking into account attics and basements. This procedure for establishing consumption standards by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation contradicted Rules No. 306 and could be challenged in court (for example, Determination The Supreme Court RF dated 15.12.2016 N 38-APG16-8). Prior to such a challenge, the normative legal act of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which established the standards for the consumption of electrical energy per single-use house per area excluding attics and basements, shall be applied when calculating the costs of electrical energy when maintaining the common property of an apartment building.

This means that the tenants have the right to use this property and bear the costs of its maintenance,. We will tell you about what is included in common areas in an apartment building in the article.

Dear Readers! Our articles talk about typical ways of solving legal issues, but each case is unique.

If you want to know how to solve exactly your problem - contact the online consultant form on the right or call free consultation:

How to make a claim and statement of claim to the developer about the elimination of deficiencies, you can learn from our.

Concept and composition

What is included in the area of common areas?

Such common areas related to collective property of residents, listed directly in the Housing Code (Art. 36).

These include four types of objects:

The area where the house is located.
Any premises not belonging to apartments: elevator shafts and the elevators themselves, stairs and staircases, corridors, halls, platforms, attics and basements.
Public gyms, game rooms and other cultural and leisure facilities that are not assigned to private owners, available in luxury residential complexes.
Roof and Technical equipment serving to service all apartments.

An even more detailed list is given in the Government Decree N 491 of 13.08.2006, which defines the rules for maintaining common areas.

This document refers to shared objects network engineering, including cold and hot water risers, sewerage system, heating risers, as well as underground parking lots, built at the expense of apartment owners.

Normative base

Utilities are regulated by a large number of by-laws, which are not easy for an ordinary resident to understand.

The most important legal documents on the topic of servicing common objects of an apartment complex are:

Housing Code;
Government Decree N 491 of August 13, 2006;
Government Decree N 290 of April 3, 2013, which defines the minimum list of works and services that the management company must perform to maintain the common facilities of the house in good condition;
Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170;
GOST R 51617-2000 "Housing and communal services".

At the level of the code, only the most general legal norms related to common property rights at home.

Government Decree N 491 establishes the rules for the provision of services for the maintenance of common facilities in the house. In particular, it lists the types of work that must be performed to maintain these facilities in proper sanitary and technical condition.

There are also determined the persons responsible for the performance of these works, with various forms of house management.

The third section talks about ways of incurring maintenance costs common objects of the house in the presence of an HOA in the house and during maintenance.

The Resolution of the State Construction Committee lists specific standards for the performance of work on the maintenance of the housing stock, such as the frequency of cleaning staircases.

GOST brings together requirements for the quality of utilities, contained in numerous SanPiNs, and provides links to them.

It defines clear quantitative and qualitative indicators for each of the services in the field of housing and communal services, such as the volume of garbage containers and the frequency of garbage collection, water temperature, etc.

What if you do not receive receipts for payment of tax on a privatized apartment? find out right now.

Major maintenance work common areas in the house are:

Regular cleaning.
Heating during the cold season.
Lighting.

Cleaning

The minimum list of maintenance work for common facilities in the house includes wet and dry cleaning of premises.

Periodicity, with which these works should be carried out, is established in the Resolution of the Gosstroy N 170.

In those houses that are equipped with a centralized vacuum cleaning system, dry cleaning and mopping should be done every 5 days, and once a year, all surfaces should be washed, including walls, radiators, etc.

Similar norms are fixed for other houses in clause 4.8.14: once every 5 days, windows, batteries and window sills must be swept, walls must be swept 2 times a month, and staircases must be washed at least once a month.

Cleaning of the local area in summer and winter time is also regulated by this regulation. For example, in summer, sidewalks must be watered at least 2 times a day, and in winter, with snowfall, snow removal must be completed no later than 6 hours later.

About what measures can be taken if at the entrance cleaning is performed irregularly or poorly, you can learn from this video:

Heating

In the stairwells, in winter, the temperature must be maintained at least +16 degrees.

This is evidenced by the Resolution of the Gosstroy N 170.

Lighting

Lighting standards for common areas in the house are fixed in GOST R 51617-2000.

There is a table of illumination for different types premises of the house when using fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps.

The brightest room there should be a lobby with an illumination of 30 lux, on stairs an illumination of 10 lux should be maintained, in wheelchairs, halls near apartments and elevators - 20 lux.

The Resolution of the State Construction Committee says that it is allowed to use time-delayed breakers, but in the hall or on the first floor of the stairs, the light should be on all the time of the day. If daylight the entrance is not enough, the light in the lobby near the elevator should be on around the clock.

Content payment rules

Since the owners of the apartments are the owners of the common premises in the house, their maintenance falls on their shoulders.

For the maintenance of common areas, residents pay on the line in receipts "general house needs"... The receipts issue invoices for ONE for the following utilities:

Scope of services calculated by general house counters, and if they are not, then according to the standards based on the area of all common premises in the house.

If there is a general house meter, then the amount consumed by apartments is subtracted from the total consumption divide the resulting volume between all apartments.

If one or another meter is not installed in one of the apartments, the volume of consumption is calculated according to the standard, and the consumed in excess of the standard is added to the total volume of consumption.

To determine the share of the total house costs borne by each apartment owner, the total amount is divided by the area of all apartments in the house and multiplied by the area of each owner's apartment. That's why owners of larger apartments have a higher fee for one person.

Responsibility for self-capture

Common areas in the house should serve all residents, but often one of the neighbors uses them for their personal needs.

Self-occupation of common premises is illegal and often dangerous.

The first place to turn when littering a common corridor with the things of one of the neighbors is a HOA or a management company. They will turn to the culprit with order to eliminate the violation.

But if the neighbor does not react to this, you can contact the fire authorities, since paragraph 23 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390 of 04/25/2012, which establishes the requirements for a fire regime, is violated. For the guilty, it may come administrative responsibility.

As we can see, common areas are another type of property that belongs to residents of apartment buildings.

To make them comfortable for living and pleasing to the eye, it is necessary that their content be carefully monitored.

Knowing the standards for the maintenance of common areas, can be obtained from the management company to keep them clean and tidy.

You can learn about the changes in the order of payment for public spaces from the video: