What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Current and overhaul- not the same thing, however, people often confuse these definitions. Although the legislation quite clearly distinguishes between both concepts. In the Housing and Civil Codes, the nuances of the current and major repairs of an apartment building are described in as much detail as possible.

What is the difference between current repairs and major

Maintenance is an easy process for obtaining permits and the least financially expensive process. Some cases do not require special permission. This view is based on two definitions:

1. Planned.
2. Unscheduled.

The decision to carry out routine maintenance of facades or entrances, stairwells is taken by the residents of the house. At the general meeting, by a simple majority, they can decide on the amount of funding and indicate it in the minutes. The general regulations and the procedure for its implementation are indicated in the norms PP RF No. 491 of 2006... In particular, a decision may be made to conclude a civil law contract (work contract) for the implementation of a range of services or any part of the list approved by the tenants.

The need for unscheduled repairs arises due to unforeseen malfunctions and is carried out in an unplanned event. This is the elimination of leaking drains, pipes, breakdowns door locks common use.

Unlike the current one, these are works related to the repair of the fundamental structures of the building. This type is complex, requiring a permit to conduct.

ATTENTION! Overhaul is carried out with the aim of updating obsolete objects, giving modern look, as well as the creation of living conditions, when it comes to apartment building.

The stock account is formed from an apartment building. To carry out global work, the required amount of financial resources must lie on the personal account of residents, then part of the overhaul will be financed by the state.

The financial statements for the overhaul are monitored by the municipal authorities, which allocate funds and track expenses. Reporting on current repairs is provided to tenants whose authorized person signs an act of completion.

List of works

Ongoing repairs refer to cosmetic repairs (painting, tiling, door repairs, etc.). It is used to update the appearance, maintain performance. Below are the basic requirements for installation and repair activities that are carried out on a planned basis and relate to current repairs:

• Elimination of floor deformations and their strengthening.
• Sealing holes.
• Renovation of the external facade of the building (painting, cladding).
• Restoration of architectural elements.
• Partial replacement of waterproofing and vapor barrier of the building.
• Replacement drainage systems, ventilation.
• Restoration of the operability of elevators, garbage chutes of the object.

The list of overhaul works includes the following items:

• Replacement of walls, floors, stairways.
• Elimination of protruding parts of stone or other floors.
• Laying stone walls, erecting partitions.
• Replacement of insulation.
• Reconstruction of support columns.
• Complete replacement roofing.
• Renovation of the foundation using construction equipment.
• Insulation of the building facade.
• Installation of automated information and measurement systems for accounting for the consumption of utility resources.
• Installation of general house metering devices for the consumption of resources and control units and regulation of their consumption: gas, hot or cold water.

ATTENTION! This list of services may differ in the regions of Russia.

Compulsion

According to article 158 paragraph 6 of the Housing Code, each owner of an apartment building must pay fund contributions for the overhaul of the dwelling . The obligation applies directly to tenants who have acquired ownership of a residential facility.

When selling real estate to other persons, it is necessary to warn buyers in advance about the amount owed or the amount of monthly payments.

Failure to comply with the norms of the legislative act of the Russian Federation will lead to the following consequences:

• Late payments for major repairs nullify the chances of receiving preferential subsidies.
• The debtor is charged interest. Size 1: 300 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Penalty interest is calculated for each day of delay in payment.
• Debt over 5,000 rubles will result in court fines.
• Persons-debtors are sent a pre-trial claim with a proposal to pay off the non-payment before the appeal to the justice authority.

If you ignore notifications of late payment, a physical or legal entity a subpoena is sent. Further, according to the conclusion of the authorities, the question is decided in what order the debt will be paid. The amount of the overpayment after the trial reaches up to 10,000 thousand rubles.

The amount of the fine depends on:

• Interest for non-payment of utility bills.
• State fees.
• The cost of attracting a representative to judicial sitting.
• Monetary collection for non-fulfillment of voluntary payment of debt.

IMPORTANT! With the onset of 2016, claims for the collection of arrears in contributions for overhaul are carried out within the framework of enforcement proceedings (with the involvement of bailiffs).

The order is issued by a judge on the basis of Chapter 11 of Article 122 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation from the moment of filing statement of claim Fund to raise funds for major repairs. Application consideration lasts up to five days. After receiving an order in accordance with the Law "On Enforcement Proceedings", bailiffs have the right to apply the following measures to the debtor:

• Seize property, including deposits in credit institutions.
• Withdraw the debtor's property.
• To impose a ban on travel abroad of the Russian Federation.
• Prohibit banks from issuing loans or credits to this person.

For maintenance, no monthly installments are required. Maintenance and current repairs are paid directly by the owner of the premises without agreeing to work with other owners. For example, renovating your own apartment or garage.

Deadlines

The timing of the repair work is strictly regulated Housing Code... Residents of an apartment building should seek advice on capital work from a regional operator.

The operator is responsible for failure to fulfill obligations to the owners of the house. He also ensures the systematic implementation of actions performed during major repairs, establishes their order and scope at the scheduled time.

If the owners have suffered losses due to the fault of the regional operator, then the latter is obliged to compensate for the damage in the amount established by civil law Russian Federation.

NOTE! The term of capital works can be postponed or extended. The estimate is drawn up before they are carried out.

Schedules

The main regulatory act on issues and regulation of ongoing repair work is Housing Code of the Russian Federation... Capital work schedules depend on the location of the facility, as well as regional affiliation. The timing depends on:

• Dates of building of the object.
• Temporary deterioration of the building.
• The deadline for the last process of reconstruction and repair.
• Climate conditions.

The specific requirement for the number of days to carry out the work. If the object is located in moderate climatic conditions, the reconstruction period reaches 25 years or more.

REFERENCE! The time intervals for the proposed capital works are indicated in GOST. For example, the service life of a garbage chute is 50 years. After its expiration, the old waste disposal system will be replaced with a new one.

In addition to the above document, there are Departmental Building Codes ( VSN 58-88 (R)):

• Current repairs are carried out at intervals that ensure the efficient operation of the building.
• Should be carried out according to five-year or annual work plans.
• Overhaul is carried out after five-year or annual plans have been drawn up.
• Overhaul in cities with a large number of buildings is carried out by a group reconstruction method within the framework of a residential area.
• The financial costs for all types of repair activities are borne by the owners of the premises. In case of insufficient financial investments, payment for the work performed is financed from the resources of the state budget of the country.

In houses included in the overhaul program, problems are eliminated in parts until all the work has been done.

What is the confusion about

Despite the existing and very obvious differences between the current and major types of repairs, there is still confusion in concepts among the population. So that there are no questions about what type of reconstruction work belongs to, it is worth knowing that it is possible to carry out current repairs without obtaining regulatory permits, plus all this is a short-term event.

Planned or unplanned, it does not make global changes to the structure of the facility, keeping the original layout. Subject to change outer cladding... In addition, funds for materials and labor are debited directly from the owner's account. Government agencies do not provide support in monetary terms.

Overhaul, on the contrary, is carried out only by agreement of the owners of the premises. This includes redevelopment of premises, demolition of walls, complete replacement of electrical wiring, drainage and water pipes, replacement of technical equipment. To do this, they receive the appropriate permission if the house was not initially included in the state program for demolition or emergency housing.

Question to the auditor

Budgetary educational institution concludes two contracts for indoor repairs (wall cladding with plasterboard, wall painting). The total amount of contracts is 700 thousand rubles. Is plasterboard wall cladding a major overhaul? What kind of expense to use - 244 or 223?

The concept of overhaul is also given in the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation MDS 81-35.2004, approved. Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 05.03.2004 No. 15/1 (hereinafter - Methodology No. 15/1).

According to part VIII "Internal plastering, facing and painting works" of Appendix 3 of Regulation No. 279, current repairs include:

• repair of plaster walls and ceilings with preliminary plastering (up to 10% of the plastered surface of walls and ceilings);
• change of wall cladding (up to 10% total area lined surface);
• painting of premises and individual structures.

According to part VIII "Internal plastering, facing and painting works" of Appendix 8 of Regulation No. 279, overhaul includes:

• renewal of plaster of all premises and repair of plaster in the amount of more than 10% of the total plastered surface;
• change of wall cladding in the amount of more than 10% of the total area of ​​the faced surfaces;
• continuous anti-corrosion painting of metal structures.

Thus, work on the wall cladding with plasterboard (in the amount of more than 10% of the total area of ​​the faced surfaces) can be qualified as a major overhaul. Wall painting works are carried out as part of the ongoing renovation.

The qualification of work on the repair of non-financial assets is within the competence of officials of the institution, who can evaluate all documents at their disposal ( project documentation, estimated calculations, etc.) and the scale of the repair.

According to clause 5.1.2 section. III instructions, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.07.2013 No. 65n, the expenses of institutions for the overhaul of non-financial assets are reflected in the element of expense types 243, current repairs - in element 244.

From time to time, residential and commercial buildings and apartments need renovation and certain repair procedures. And this is not about the internal cosmetic repair, but about more global actions, such as replacing doors and window blocks. But it is not always clear whether one or the other refers to a simple current repair (planned cosmetic) or major. In the article we will try to understand this and other issues.

What is the difference between current repairs and major repairs

Depending on the degree of complexity and the purpose of carrying out the repair actions, logical questions arise, such as: who should be engaged in this or that type of repair and how serious and labor-intensive a particular type of repair work is.

In order to understand in detail what types of work exist and understand what the difference is between them, as well as to determine where the same replacement of windows with plastic belongs, you just need to familiarize yourself with some regulations, for example, Decree 279 on major and current repairs.

Repair is a set of actions aimed at returning a given object to a healthy state. In our case, we are talking about real estate objects.

Overhaul of the roof.

And, therefore, the repair of premises and residential buildings is a complex of works, the purpose of which is to restore a structure in the event of certain malfunctions, to which premature aging of a building or a malfunction in the pipeline system can be attributed.

The purpose of the repair is to fix faults, and it is used in the event that a complete replacement of faults is impractical and can be repaired.

Building repairs include three main types of repairs: routine repairs, major repairs and scheduled repairs.

Overhaul and current repairs are very similar concepts at first glance. But only at first. Do not confuse these two types of repair, as the difference between them is large. In order to better understand the differences between these repairs, it is necessary to refer to the legislative regulations.

Regulation 279 announces a list of works related to different types repair.

Planned repair

Planned repair(also called planned preventive) is a type of restoration work that is carried out as planned. Its purpose is not so much to fix faults as to identify these very faults in order to identify the problem prematurely.

Maintenance - definition and types of work

Routine repair is an event aimed at maintaining the working condition of the structure and partial replacement of rapidly wearing out elements of buildings.

Current repairs include such types of work as:

• restoration work of the planning of the territory adjacent to the building;
• replacement of individual brick blocks for basement structures;
• sealing of recesses in concrete walls;
• restoration of plaster of the walls of the foundation;
• grouting flaws brick walls;
• renewal of the reinforced concrete layer;
• sealing joints in case of blowing or excessive moisture formation;
• replacement of protective corners of columns made of concrete and bricks;
• installation of wedges in partitions;
• sealing gaps between the partition and parts of the abutment to the walls;
• replacement of broken glass;
• installation of staples in places of weakened joints;
• restoration of the protective concrete layer in places with exposed reinforcement;
• repair attic spaces(communal house);
• darning of a metal roof;
• sealing of recesses in the window sill area;
• insulation of entrance doors.

It was a complete list.

The main differences between current and major repairs are that fewer requirements are directed to the current repair of buildings, it is less costly, both in material terms and economically, and requires less time to carry out.

What types of work relate to overhaul

Overhaul is a type of repair designed to replace or restore faults that have occurred. This is the essence of the concept!

Overhaul includes the following list:

• strengthening the foundation under heavy load;
• elimination of flaws in the insulation of the foundation;
• replacement of pillars;
• dressing the seams of stone and brick walls with sealing cracks;
• alteration of protruding parts of the walls;
• re-laying of entire sections of stone walls, if they do not belong to superstructures;
• the installation of clips on the walls for the purpose of strengthening;
• partial replacement of loaded columns;
• partial replacement of insulation plates;
• roof replacement if replaced construction material roofs;
• replacement of window blocks and door blocks;
• replacement of stairs and individual parts.

Overhaul covers a wide range of problems and solves them in more detail. If in the current repair the flaws are mostly trying to fix, then during a major overhaul, the main way to solve malfunctions is to replace parts and structures, partial or complete

What type of work does the replacement of window blocks and doors belong to?

One of the frequently asked questions is: "Is the replacement of windows maintenance or major repairs?"

Answer: - "Replacing window blocks, as well as replacing windows with plastic ones, refers to major repairs in accordance with Resolution 279".

But replacement is feasible only if the unit is emergency and cannot be repaired. If the problem lies in gaps or slots, then most likely the replacement of blocks will not be carried out and routine repairs with filling the gaps and grooves will be a sufficient measure.

Window replacement process

To install new window structures, the owner of the apartment must provide access to the apartment, since the installation of the block takes place from the inside of the building. Preliminary measurements of the window frame are carried out, since, despite the fact that the dimensions of the opening during the construction of the building were fixed, over time the foundation could shift, with the further occurrence of calculated inaccuracies.

After taking measurements, the repair team carries out the installation of the window structure and sealing. All reporting documentation must be with the chairman of the homeowners' association, which any member of the HOA has the right to view if desired.

What to do if the building needs maintenance or major repairs, and the HOA is inactive

The most effective way to solve the problem with a homeowners' association is to write a complaint to the Housing Inspectorate (a sample complaint is presented below). In the complaint, it is necessary to point out violations of the HOA of the Housing Code, I operate with the facts from the 143rd article. If the Housing Inspectorate does not satisfy your complaint, you can file a lawsuit. To do this, you need to contact the prosecutor's office.

Still have questions? Leave them in the comments or ask our lawyer on duty!

The concepts of current repair and overhaul are included in daily life owners of residential premises. The appearance of buildings and structures, people's awareness of the influence of each owner on the processes taking place in the housing and communal services sector depends on them, it is necessary to clearly distinguish these concepts, to know their purpose and role provided by the legislator.

A number of legislative acts adopted in the Russian Federation help to reveal the term "maintenance". These include the Resolution of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation dated 09/27/2003 No. 170 "On Approval of the Rules and Norms of Technical Operation housing stock", The Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation.

The definition of "current repair" characterizes the systematic work associated with the correction of minor defects and malfunctions.

The goal is to maintain the engineering structures of the building in working order. Activities include lists of work on the replacement or repair of existing equipment, its strengthening in order to prevent further destruction. An example is the strengthening of a roof structure by adding rafters.

Current repair has such signs as:

• planning. The plan is drawn up for several years in advance after inspecting the entire territory, an inventory of the main structural elements;
• systematic. Only the constant maintenance of the building and its engineering structures in working order increases its service life.

Preventive measures are carried out by the Campaign Manager or contractor.

This type of work can be not only preventive, but also urgent, unforeseen. Its goal is to urgently eliminate a newly identified defect in order to restore it. Malfunctions are discovered by the residents of the house personally or are detected during ongoing repairs.

Overhaul has more ambitious tasks than the current one.

Implies restoration or complete replacement:

1. Building construction elements.
2. Engineering systems.
3. Communications.

The goal is to eliminate the deterioration of the building, which affects the functioning of the systems.

Capital work is manifested in a complete redevelopment of the building, the installation of new engineering networks, more durable and reliable, the modernization of existing equipment, but not in the construction of new extensions.

By types it is subdivided into:

• complex overhaul;
• selective overhaul.

In the first case, there is a one-time restoration of worn-out building elements. It is carried out for buildings, the structural elements of which (with the exception of the foundation, walls and support pillars) have become unusable. Selective is suitable in situations where the building is in satisfactory condition, but it is necessary to carry out a deep reconstruction in one or two types of work, for example, replacing the roof or repairing the facade.

The purpose of the overhaul is not to partially maintain the house in good condition, but to restore the characteristics as close as possible to the new building.

Examples of work are:

• complete renovation of the exterior of the house;
• replacement of in-house engineering systems, for example, heating pipes, sewer, power supply networks.

A feature of the work is their implementation in a complex, the simultaneous renewal of all systems of one building.

Walls and foundations are considered not subject to major repairs, as load-bearing supporting structures. Their wear and tear leads to the recognition of the house as subject to demolition or complete reconstruction.

The closeness of the concepts makes it possible to confuse the two types of work.

The difference between a major overhaul and the current one is easy to understand when comparing the criteria:

Current repairs are accompanied by such actions as repair, replace, strengthen, repair, change the appearance. They do not make radical changes, they eliminate the manifestation of a specific problem that has appeared.

Overhaul - more thorough, deep. Affects several interconnected elements of the house at once.

To understand how the current repair of an elevator differs from a major one, one must understand that the elevator belongs to common property. This is defined in the legislation, Law 185-FZ of 21.07.2007. Owners use it residential apartments living in them under employment contracts, owners non-residential premises... In the presence of a document - an act indicating that the elevator shaft, elevator or electric motor cannot be repaired in the current order - major work is carried out. Most often, overhaul is necessary after 5-15 years of operation. Freight and passenger elevators are operated in different ways in terms of intensity and carrying capacity. The repair time also depends on the quality of the current scheduled repair work with the elevator equipment, especially when it comes to the electric motor.

Current and major repairs in the local area have the following goal - to give an aesthetic appearance appearance... But they differ in additional criteria.

Current work will consist of:

• partial restoration of the sidewalk and lawn;
• improvement of driveways for transport, intra-house roads for cars;
• coloring of playgrounds;
• fixing water wells.

At the same time, capital work will consist of a complete restoration of the road, restoration of playgrounds, and repair of fences.

Financing all types of work is not easy. Depends on the type of work performed, type of construction. Private households are repaired only at the expense of the owner. In an apartment building, we are talking about the common property of the owners.

Article 44 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (Housing Code of the Russian Federation) determined that at a general meeting of owners of a residential apartment building, a decision is made to carry out repairs, and issues with financing are resolved. Significant differences characteristic of the material support of capital or current repair of common property in multi-storey building you should know.

Costs for ongoing work are low. They are produced at the expense of Money, listed monthly by each owner of the dwelling in the house, according to the column for the maintenance of the dwelling. The money is accumulated on a special account of the management company, and has a designated purpose - current renovation work... The account is replenished with income received from renting out part of the premises in the house, for example, shops on the first floors.

80% of the money from the fund is spent on scheduled work, the rest is saved in case of unforeseen work.

Overhaul according to clause 2 of Art. 158 of the RF Housing Code is paid based on the decision adopted at the meeting of the owners of the house. The meeting is attended by representatives of the management company, who will outline a complete work plan. The rate for major repairs is determined at the level of the authority of the subject.

The fund is replenished by monthly deductions under the capital repairs column. The accumulated money supply becomes the basis for the formation of estimates for repairs. Government subsidies play an equally important role, although they are not always provided. The place where the fund is formed plays an important role. If this is a Managing Organization, then repairs are carried out only at the expense of the owners of the house, the Criminal Code must be calculated on the accounts. If there is a material and technical base, she can carry out the work on her own. The transfer of funds to a regional operator changes the order. The regional operator enters into a contract with a contractor to carry out the work.

When accounting for funds in Management company they are categorized by source of funding. Accounting differs when transferring money from a budgetary organization or owners / tenants of premises in an apartment building. The tax accounting of the funds received is also different. All accounting transactions can be checked in order to openly discuss the results or progress of the repair work.

Maintenance repairs are carried out frequently, usually every six months. The name itself suggests that it is periodic, even almost constant. At the entrance, it must be held every three to five years. Unscheduled work is urgent.

Works are performed:

• in case of roof leakage - within 1 day;
• repair of sewerage systems - 5 days;
• wall damage - 1 day;
• restoration of window and door blocks depends on the season - up to three days;
• power supply is restored no later than 7 days - in case of a major accident;
• problems with the gas pipeline, water supply, electrical equipment are solved by the resource supplying organization within 24 hours;
• repair of elevator equipment - 1 day.

The presence of owners in a residential building with arrears in payment of money to the fund for current repairs will not be a reason for refusing to carry out the planned types of work.

The frequency of the overhaul work is established in accordance with the departmental building codes 58-88 (r) of the State Committee for Architecture and Maintenance buildings, communal and socio-cultural facilities ”, introduced on 01.07.1989.

It takes into account the fact that each building is a set structural elements, each element has its own period of operation.

For example, the service life is distinguished:

• foundation or load-bearing walls - up to 150 years;
• roofs - from 15 to 80 years;
• floors - from 20-80 years old.

Even shorter service life for external facades, interior decoration premises. Unfavorable climatic environment - a zone of high humidity or constant cold - have a negative role on the building, reduce the operating time. This is taken into account when drawing up a plan for capital repairs.

Major and current repairs have significant differences between themselves. However, their implementation solves one important problem - maintaining the working condition of the building in order to extend the period of its operation.

Polishchuk Vadim Igorevich,

Project manager

Overhaul and renovation: Many people misunderstand these terms as synonyms. In fact, this is not the case. There is a significant difference between renovation and overhaul of any structure. What it is - will be explained in this material.

What is overhaul

Overhaul is carried out in construction if it is necessary to restore the characteristics of the facility to the current standards, with the restoration and (or) replacement of any parts of the construction facility.

Definition of overhaul according to the City Planning Code

Overhaul of capital construction objects(with the exception of linear objects) is a replacement and (or) restoration building structures capital construction objects or elements of such structures, with the exception of load-bearing building structures, replacement and (or) restoration of engineering support systems and networks of engineering support of capital construction objects or their elements, as well as replacement of individual elements of load-bearing building structures with similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) the restoration of these elements (Article 1, Clause 14.2 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation).

Overhaul of linear objects- this is a change in the parameters of linear objects or their sections (parts), which does not entail a change in the class, category and (or) originally established indicators of the functioning of such objects and in which it is not required to change the boundaries of the right-of-way and (or) security zones of such objects ( Art. 1, clause 14.3 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation).

Based on the definition, it is clear that when carrying out major repairs (with the exception of linear objects), the main technical and economic indicators (building area, construction volume, effective area, number of floors).

Capital construction and linear construction definitions

Capital construction projects include buildings, structures, structures and facilities, the construction of which has not been completed (with the exception of temporary structures, sheds, kiosks and other similar facilities). Overhaul objects are, for example, residential buildings and their parts (roofs, walls, etc.), apartment buildings and adjoining territories, structures, premises, etc.

Linear facilities, as defined by the City Planning Code, include power lines, communication lines (including line-cable structures), pipelines, highways, railway lines and other similar structures. Overhaul of linear objects includes, for example, overhaul of a road, repair of a bridge and engineering systems.

What refers to the overhaul of buildings and structures

Overhaul is carried out when they are physically worn out and destroyed. It includes work on the restoration or replacement of components of buildings (structures) or entire structures, parts and engineering equipment.

The purpose of the overhaul

The purpose of the exercise is to eliminate the malfunction of all worn-out elements, including partial replacement or reinforcement of foundations, load-bearing walls, frames, roofs and roofs with more durable, economical and maintainable materials.

Overhaul types

Overhaul according to the principle of the quality of the layout, the degree of internal improvement and the technical condition of buildings is subdivided into complex and selective.

Complex overhaul- this is a repair with the replacement of structural elements and engineering equipment and their modernization. It includes works covering the entire building as a whole or its individual sections, which compensates for their physical and functional wear and tear.

Selective overhaul- is a repair with full or partial replacement of individual structural elements of buildings and structures or equipment, aimed at full reimbursement of their physical and partially functional wear and tear.

Related concepts

In the Town Planning Code modernization buildings are interpreted as improving the technical and economic properties and characteristics of the object, carried out by replacing the systems and structural elements of the object with more efficient ones. During the overhaul of capital construction facilities, the building can be modernized: improving the layout by dismantling old non-bearing partitions and erecting new ones, re-equipping old engineering networks with new and modern ones. The situation is similar with linear objects. For example, during the overhaul of roads and bridges, the number of lanes for traffic does not increase, indicators of external engineering networks, such as power, pressure, voltage, do not change. But at the same time, it is allowed to replace materials with others, with better performance characteristics. For example, replacing cast iron pipes for polypropylene, aluminum cable - for copper, etc.

Technical re-equipment differs from major repairs mainly in the presence of changes technological process.

Redevelopment during major repairs is possible only if the structural scheme of the building changes.

What is reconstruction

There are several meanings of the term "reconstruction" in Russian legislation, incl. in the Tax, Housing and Urban Development Codes.

Definition of reconstruction according to the Town Planning Code

Reconstruction of capital construction facilities(with the exception of linear construction objects) is a change in the parameters of a capital construction object, its parts (height, number of floors, area, volume), including superstructure, reconstruction, expansion of a capital construction object, as well as replacement, redevelopment and (or) restoration bearing building structures of a capital construction object, with the exception of replacing individual elements of such structures with similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) restoration of these elements (Article 1, Clause 14 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation). An example of work with capital construction objects is the reconstruction of residential buildings and premises, public buildings, etc.

Reconstruction of linear objects- this is a change in the parameters of linear objects or their sections (parts), which entails a change in the class, category and (or) initially established indicators of the functioning of such objects (capacity, carrying capacity, etc.) or in which a change in the boundaries of right-of-way and (or) security zones of such objects (Article 1, Clause 14.1 of the RF Urban Planning Code). An example of work with linear objects is the reconstruction of engineering networks (water supply and sewerage systems, electrical, gas, heat communications, etc.).

Interpretation of the concept of reconstruction in various regulatory documents

According to the Tax Code, reconstruction refers to the reorganization of existing fixed assets, associated with improving production and increasing its technical and economic indicators, carried out under the project for the reconstruction of fixed assets in order to increase production capacity, improve quality and change the product range.

Obviously, the definitions of the term "reconstruction" given by the Tax and Urban Development Codes differ significantly. The question arises: which of the definitions should be followed, or does one complement the other? Then it turns out that reconstruction is reconstruction?

However, in the Housing Code there is no definition of reconstruction, while the term "redevelopment" is synonymous with major repairs, in terms of "replacement and (or) restoration of engineering support systems and engineering networks". It turns out that the interpretation of the Tax Code contradicts the Urban Planning and Housing Codes?

Let's try to clarify. In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), the institutions, concepts and terms of civil, family and other branches of the legislation of the Russian Federation used in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are used in the meaning in which they are used in these industries. legislation, unless otherwise provided by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Thus, if products are produced in a building (in other words, if the building in question is for industrial purposes) and this product is taxed, then it is necessary to be guided by the definition from the Tax Code. That is, the reconstruction in this case will be the replacement and (or) installation of equipment with a more advanced one, which will be able to manufacture new products or will increase the volume or improve the quality of products. If it is planned to replace the old, morally and physically obsolete equipment with new, modern, then this will be a technical re-equipment; at the same time, it is allowed to change the production technology, but it is not allowed to increase production capacity and in question on the quantity and quality of products.

Related concepts

During reconstruction, it can also be carried out modernization properties and technical characteristics buildings, systems and elements. However, do not confuse these concepts, as they are complementary.

The renovation of the building is different from technical re-equipment the optional change in the technological process and, on the contrary, the mandatory nature of the replacement (restoration) of load-bearing structures.

Redevelopment during reconstruction is part of the concept of reconstruction of buildings and structures and includes works affecting the position of the load-bearing walls and structures of the building.

Restoration often confused with reconstruction, however, these concepts differ, mainly in that restoration includes work to strengthen and restore buildings and structures that are monuments of history, culture and art.

The reconstruction of houses, abandoned buildings in order to adapt to modern needs is gaining popularity, which is called renovation buildings. For example, the reconstruction and rebuilding of an abandoned factory or factory building with the aim of turning it into an office center.

Differences between reconstruction and overhaul

Overhaul and reconstruction, based on the definitions of the Town Planning Code, differ in the degree of change in the construction object. During the overhaul of buildings and structures, objects return to their original state, suitable for operation; during the reconstruction, changes can be made to the key technical and economic parameters of the construction site.

For example, during the reconstruction of a highway, the category of roads changes, the width of the carriageway, if these are external network engineering- then their power and length change. When reconstructing capital construction facilities, it is necessary not only to eliminate the accumulated physical and moral deterioration, but also to bring the facility to comply with all applicable rules and regulations.

Most of the buildings being renovated do not comply with all applicable standards, and this is understandable, because often the age of a building is calculated in decades, and the standards change almost every year.

Therefore, during major repairs, some deviation from the current standards is allowed. For example, a decision was made to renovate the roof of a building; at the same time, there is no need to improve the adjacent territory, increase the number of parking spaces, insulate facades, etc. And if it is decided to reconstruct the building, for example, to build an extension or to make an attic instead of an unexploited attic, then it is necessary to bring the entire building to the required current standards, starting from modern architectural solutions, layouts, and ending with the requirements for the energy efficiency of the building.

It is not required to obtain a building permit during major repairs, and the procedure for preparing for construction and commissioning of a building will be much easier, faster and cheaper than during reconstruction of the building. Permits for the reconstruction of a building are often required by state and local authorities, and the procedure for obtaining permits is time-consuming and laborious. This is due to the fact that during the reconstruction of a house, new construction can be carried out; a very common practice is to add an attic on the roof of a building.

As for the design of major repairs and reconstruction, when carrying out each of the types of work, planning and drafting of the project is necessary. This is due to the fact that holding construction works in a building or part of a building can somehow affect neighboring buildings in the block. That is why it is important to carry out the work after agreeing with the general plan of the quarter. At the same time, drawing up a project for reconstruction is a more laborious procedure and often requires additional approvals. project assignment and a work organization project.

The difference between a major overhaul and reconstruction is well understood by developers, trying with all their might to "get away" from the reconstruction of the building, since the preparation of documents can take more than a year, and in other cases - more than one year. As a result, controversial issues arise between local governments and stakeholders.

In the next article, we will talk about controversial situations that arose during the overhaul of buildings that we had to deal with in practice.

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