What can be cooked from squid: fast and tasty

In this article, we will talk about how to protect the walls of the loggia from the penetration of cold, and also give advice on what tools and materials will be useful to you for this purpose. But first I would like to dwell on those problems that will have to be overcome in the process of work.

Common Mistakes

A serious problem is created by condensate, which forms from the inside on the cold surface of the walls and ceiling. As a result, damp areas appear, which very quickly become covered with a layer of mold. This happens due to poor ventilation, improper insulation and heating systems.

When the ventilation of the room does not work correctly, the air quickly moves from the warm part of the apartment to the cold, i.e. to the loggia. There, excess moisture settles on the coldest surfaces. Ordinary doors help to avoid such a negative effect, which separate rooms with different temperature conditions and, consequently, with different humidity.

Insulation systems also cause a lot of trouble. If, for example, the insulation of the walls and floor was done incorrectly, then moisture will certainly leave its marks on the problem areas of the loggia.

If you decide to save on foam, and instead sealed the seams between the plates with a putty mixture, then condensation is very likely to settle in these places with all the ensuing consequences. It is better not to make such mistakes at all, since it will be very difficult to eliminate them. Therefore, it is very important to adhere to the technology of all insulation processes.

Often the problem is a poor-quality loggia heating system. If this process occurs only through warm air from the next room, then mold will definitely form in the cold corners of the outdoor room. Therefore, it is advisable to start wall insulation with floor insulation on the loggia.

This is also important in order to comply with building codes, because the installation of water heating on balconies is prohibited. A well-equipped warm floor is sensitive to temperature changes in its various areas and automatically eliminates this imbalance.

Silence

Insulation of walls, in addition to its main purpose, has other positive effects. It becomes much quieter on the loggia, which means that the noise level is significantly reduced in the rest of the room.

After all, it is the loggia that is exposed to numerous noise influences from the outside.

Material selection

The modern market of thermal insulation materials provides customers with a huge choice, which is quite difficult for a beginner to understand, so it is better to seek advice from specialists. Many of them are advised to opt for extruded polystyrene foam or, as it is called in everyday life, penoplex.

This material has excellent heat-saving properties, high strength and low hygroscopicity. In addition, it is easy to process, featuring high environmental standards and chemical neutrality.

Other types of foam are widely used as a heater, however, unlike foam plastic, they have more modest thermal insulation characteristics. Often for and loggias use penofol and mineral wool.

Wall insulation

Insulation of the walls of the balcony consists of several stages. Let's consider each of them in detail.

It is possible to successfully insulate a wall only if the corresponding preparatory work. Do not be too lazy to spend time preparing, this will provide an excellent result.

First of all, thoroughly clean the walls of the old coating. It is good if, before warming, you replace outdated window structures with double-glazed windows, and also remove the old mounting foam from the frames.

For this, it is best to use a clerical knife. If there are significant mold formations on the inside of the walls, they must be eliminated. In this case, a fungicide spray will do.
Then you should carefully mark the lines for fixing the foam sheets.

Laying the insulating layer

At first, warming a loggia may seem like a rather complicated and time-consuming process. However, if you decide to try, you will quickly realize that special difficulties there is no. All operations are quickly mastered and do not require special construction skills.

From the balcony it will also be possible to make a comfortable and useful room. For example, equip it with an office, a workshop, a small sports area or a comfortable rest room.

To turn a loggia into a full-fledged room, you first need to make it warm. It is no secret that there are many options for warming the loggia using a wide variety of materials and technologies. Some owners prefer to hire specialists for finishing and insulation work. The rest, on the contrary, prefer to equip the premises on their own.
In any case, it will not be superfluous to find out how to properly insulate a loggia or balcony, what materials to choose for these purposes and read the instructions for thermal insulation. The video presented in our article will clearly demonstrate the process of warming the loggia.

Preparatory work

Wherever your loggia is, in panel house, Khrushchev or a new building, its insulation implies a certain set of preliminary measures. First, your loggia must be glazed. To arrange an additional room in the apartment, the glazing of the loggia must be warm, consist of plastic profiles with two or three layers of glass.

Secondly, a strong and solid parapet is required for high-quality glazing. If the fence begins to collapse, then the loggia needs repair, which will involve restoring its integrity. If the parapet is metal, it is best to lay out a partition of foam blocks or bricks in front of it.

Partition from foam blocks photo

The third component of success is good waterproofing of loggias and balconies. It is important that precipitation does not enter the room through cracks in the glazing, and moisture from neighbors does not enter through the upper balcony slab. In order for the insulation to subsequently not soak and retain its qualities for as long as possible, careful sealing of the loggia is necessary.

Thus, before you start finishing and insulating the loggia in the apartment, you need to take into account all these nuances and perform the appropriate work.

materials

Before considering the materials used for thermal insulation, let's talk about the existing methods of insulation. The loggia can be insulated both from the inside and outside. For internal insulation it is necessary to sheathe its surfaces - walls, ceiling and floor with thermal insulation, and finish and decorate on top. Warming outside involves sheathing the outer wall of the loggia, its sealing and finishing. In this article we will talk about the materials and methods of thermal insulation of loggias from the inside.

Loggia insulated from the inside photo

So, how to insulate the loggia from the inside? Of course you have to choose suitable material. The rooms are usually insulated with expanded polystyrene, foam plex, technoplex, mineral wool or polyurethane foam. Each of these materials can be used for any surface - walls, ceiling or floor. As a rule, a crate is made along the perimeter of the insulated surface, a layer of insulation is created and the cladding is mounted.

Among the options for insulating the floor on the loggia, there is also thermal insulation using expanded clay or an electric heating system, the so-called "warm floor".

Laying a "warm floor" when insulating a loggia with your own hands photo

Expanded polystyrene or, as it is popularly called, polystyrene is the most economical insulation. It is lightweight and low cost. Foam boards are produced in different forms. They can vary in size and thickness. To insulate the loggia with foam, you should choose a finely granulated dense material that can be easily sanded and leveled. It is also necessary to pay attention that the purchased foam is non-combustible.

An example of the use of foam when insulating a loggia in a panel house photo

Another type of thermal insulation is penoplex, as well as its analogue technoplex. Both of these materials are based on extruded polystyrene foam, which has a dense structure of fully closed cells. As a rule, technoplex and foam plex plates are orange in color.

Using penopelks to warm the loggia photo

This material has been specially developed for use in thermal insulation. It is resistant to moisture and can last up to 40 years. For the price, it is somewhat more expensive than polystyrene. It will clearly demonstrate the process of warming the loggia with penoplex video:

You can also insulate the loggia with glass wool, mineral or stone wool. This non-combustible material, with excellent heat and sound protection properties. However, it should be protected from moisture - when wet, the useful qualities of this insulation deteriorate sharply, it becomes heavier and adds load to the entire structure of the room. Therefore, when installing mineral wool it is necessary to organize its comprehensive vapor barrier.

Stone wool on the floor of the loggia

It will help to familiarize yourself with the use of penofol when insulating balconies and loggias video:

The next insulation material is polyurethane foam (PPU). It is fundamentally different from the others, because initially it is a liquid that is sprayed by means of a specialized apparatus under high pressure. After hardening, it forms a monolithic seamless layer, perfectly fixed on any clean, dry surface.

Walls covered with polyurethane foam

PPU has the lowest thermal conductivity of all the above materials, a small layer of PPU is enough to make the room warm. However, do-it-yourself loggia insulation using polyurethane foam is not possible without the appropriate equipment. To do this, you will have to hire a specialized organization. It will more clearly demonstrate how polyurethane foam is used and how to insulate a loggia video:

How to insulate a loggia with foam

Let us consider in detail the technology of warming the loggia using foam.

1. We prepare the tool, close all doors and windows with a protective film so as not to damage or stain them, and to avoid dust getting into the window mechanisms.
2. We prepare surfaces. To do this, we cut flush the non-constructive protrusions that interfere with the insulation and the old mounting foam. We clean the walls and ceiling from dust, cobwebs. We remove the old flaky paint and putty to the base.
3. We process the bases with a deep penetration waterproofing primer, carefully rubbing it into the surface.
4. To organize air access to the insulation in the concrete parapet, we drill through holes at an angle. If there is a parapet made of aerated concrete or brick, this operation is not performed.

1. We start with the insulation of the ceiling on the loggia. We try on the plate first. If there are relief protrusions and pipes that interfere with the installation, we make recesses in the insulation boards with a hacksaw with a small tooth or a sharp knife, having previously marked them with a marker. Next, we glue the foam with cement-based glue and additionally fix the plates with dowels with spacers in several places (5-6 pieces per 1 sq.m.).

Plates should fit together as tightly as possible. You need to mount them apart, avoiding the coincidence of the longitudinal seams. The resulting gaps are best eliminated with foam adhesive.

1. Then we glue the insulation on the walls, starting with the outer, coldest one. It is important to control all planes with a level. If irregularities are found under the insulation, insert linings.
2. To insulate the floor, we cut sheets of a suitable size, we also fasten them with dowels. We put a metal mesh on top and perform a dry cement screed, which will allow you to organize any coverage.
3. We carry out facing and finishing of surfaces.

It will clearly show how to insulate the loggia with your own hands video:

How to insulate a loggia with mineral wool

Another popular material used for insulation is mineral wool. The technology of its application is as follows.

1. We prepare all the surfaces of the loggia in the same way as it is done with foam insulation (points 1-3).
2. Next, we mount a wooden crate on all surfaces with the help of self-tapping screws in order to place mineral wool boards in its cells in the future.
3. We cut the insulation to the required size with a sharp knife, for convenience, pressing it on top with a wide board. We insert mineral wool into the cells of the crate. It should be fixed there due to springy properties. It is important that there are no gaps between adjacent layers of insulation.
4. After installing the last mineral wool slab, a waterproofing layer is attached to the crate with a construction stapler, and then the surface is finished.

It will help to get acquainted in more detail with the technology of using mineral wool for carrying out work on warming the loggia with your own hands video:

Reading 7 min.

With the help of insulation, you can turn the balcony into a cozy living space, and this stage is mandatory. There are several types of materials for insulating a balcony from the inside. Each of them has its own application features. Knowing the nuances will help you choose the best type of insulation for each specific case.

Criterias of choice

Main specifications, which you need to pay attention to when choosing thermal insulation materials for balconies and loggias:

It is also worth considering the features of installation - the simplicity of the process is especially important if the work is planned to be carried out independently without the involvement of specialists.

Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene)

The most common sheet material for warming balconies. According to its composition, it is a frozen foam, in the closed pores of which air is enclosed. For insulation, foam is usually used with a thickness 5 cm, for more severe climate it is recommended to choose thicker sheets up to 10 cm.

The material has a number of advantages that led to its popularity:

• low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which provides high thermal insulation of the room even without the use of other materials;
• high rate of water absorption, which allows not to lay an additional layer of waterproofing;
• sufficient strength makes it possible to use dense and heavy Decoration Materials;
• environmental friendliness - no dust is generated during operation, no harmful substances are emitted during further operation;
• hygiene - mold and fungus cannot form in the foam;
• ease of use and ease of installation - the sheet can be cut into parts of any size;
• low cost compared to other heaters;
• service life up to 30 years, subject to the installation technology.

The main disadvantages of foam:

• low air permeability - when warming the loggia with this material, it is necessary to provide additional ventilation methods, otherwise it will not be possible to provide a comfortable microclimate in the room;
• poor soundproofing properties;
• insufficient resistance to certain types of drying oils, varnishes and other chemicals based on petroleum products and alcohols - this requires special care when choosing finishing materials;
• high flammability and, accordingly, a fire hazard.

To insulate the balcony, it is necessary to choose a construction foam produced by extrusion, with a density 35-40 kg/m3. Species with less than 25 kg/m3 are packaging materials and are not suitable for construction works. To determine the quality of the material, break off a piece from the sheet and look at the structure. Construction foam has cells in the form of polygons, packaging foam consists of easily detachable balls.

Read also: Overview of liquid wall insulation: characteristics, pros and cons

Penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam)

Penoplex is a close relative of polystyrene, but with much the best properties and characteristics. The special production technology of this material makes it possible to obtain a porous, almost homogeneous structure with a uniform distribution of air in isolated cells. Due to this structure, the material has a lower thermal conductivity compared to conventional foam and other heaters. This is the main advantage of foam, in other respects the material is close to foam.

There are several types of penoplex on the market, which are labeled in accordance with the purpose:

• "Foundation" - designed for warming buried in the ground building structures; characterized by exceptional strength and ability to withstand high pressure soil after backfilling;
• "Wall" - used for insulation of external walls, partitions located above the ground level;
• "Roof" - a special type for attic space; with a high thermal insulation index, it is a rather fragile material, therefore it is not intended for areas with increased load;
• "Comfort" - the optimal variety for insulating the walls of balconies and loggias; differs in the balanced technical indicators for internal use.

Mineral wool

There are several types of this insulating material. For a balcony it is better to choose basalt mineral wool as the most environmentally friendly type with the best technical and operational characteristics.

The material has an impressive list of advantages:

• low coefficient of thermal conductivity (only slightly higher than that of penoplex);
• hydrophobicity - basalt mineral wool does not absorb moisture, other varieties (glass wool and slag wool) get wet and change their characteristics;
• good air and vapor permeability - unlike foam plastic and foam plastic, this insulation does not interfere with the natural movement of air, due to which a comfortable and healthy microclimate is formed on a closed balcony;
• fire resistance - the melting point of basalt mineral wool is about 1100 degrees; such thermal insulation can stop the spread of fire;
• good sound insulation - mineral wool has a chaotic structure, the air between the fibers effectively absorbs sound waves and significantly reduces the penetration of noise into the room;
• sufficient strength of the sheet allows the use of any finishing materials, some types of mineral wool are suitable for floor insulation;
• resistance to chemicals;
• environmental friendliness and hygiene - no harmful substances are emitted during use, no biological life in the form of fungi, mold, insects or rodents is born inside the thermal insulation.

Minvata also has its disadvantages:

• work must be carried out in protective clothing - when cutting sheets, dust is generated that causes skin irritation;
• high material cost.

Penofol

This is a versatile material with moisture, sound and heat insulation properties. It is a thin layer of foamed polyurethane with an aluminum coating, which has the ability to reflect heat. Issued in roll form, is easy to install.

Having completed the insulation of the balcony, you can achieve 2 goals at once: expand the living space and improve the degree of thermal insulation of the apartment. It is most correct to produce external insulation, but here you can not do without the services of industrial climbers and the corresponding costs. Warming the balcony from the inside will be much cheaper, especially if you do it yourself.

How to insulate the balcony inside

A positive result of the work performed is the equally comfortable temperature inside the room and the balcony adjacent to it. It makes no sense to invest effort and money in insulation that does not protect against the penetration of cold onto the balcony and forces you to tightly close the doors leading to the loggia in winter.

As a rule, for internal insulation of balconies is used:

• foamed polystyrene with a density of 25-35 kg / m 3, otherwise - foam;
• based on basalt fiber 80-110 kg / m 3 density;
• extruded polystyrene foam (one of its varieties -).

Note! For additional thermal insulation, thin foil insulation made of polyethylene foam - Izolon or Penofol - is often laid on the main layer.

In addition to the above insulators, there is another insulating material - ecowool, made from cellulose waste. In other words, waste paper. The rules for handling it and the installation technology are used the same as with basalt wool. Ecowool is not very popular due to its high cost.

Brief description of heaters

Styrofoam - the most cheap material for insulation, produced in the form of plates of various thicknesses.

Like all foamed polymers, it repels moisture well and has sufficient strength (at the specified density). It is characterized by high resistance to heat transfer and flammability, which requires protection from accidental sparks.

The thickness of the foam for insulation of the balcony in the northern regions should be at least 100 mm, in the southern regions 50 mm may be enough.

Unlike polystyrene, mineral wool does not burn at all, but it is able to absorb moisture, after which its thermal conductivity rises sharply. The problem is solved with the help of protective layers of special films, which will be discussed later.

The heat transfer resistance of mineral wool is not too high, so it makes no sense to use a material with a thickness of less than 80 mm. Insulation is offered in rolls and plates, and at a price it will cost more than polystyrene.

Advice! Do not insulate the balcony with fiberglass-based wool (glass wool) intended for outdoor or roofing work. The use of such materials inside residential premises is unacceptable.

The best option for internal insulation of a balcony is extruded polystyrene foam, sold in slabs.

Expanded polystyrene is durable, lightweight and has the best thermal insulation properties.

Where it is necessary to lay mineral wool 100 mm thick, 50 mm of foam plastic will suffice.

In addition, the polymer is absolutely impervious to moisture and is so strong that the plate can be screwed on with self-tapping screws if necessary. There is only one drawback - high price material, which is compensated by the long service life of the material - up to 50 years.

Balcony insulation technology from the inside

To carry out thermal insulation on the balcony, you must carefully prepare. This includes not only the purchase of materials and the preparation of tools, but also the implementation of a number of preliminary works:

1. The device of a reliable parapet. 2 types of structures are practiced: a welded metal frame with fastening to the wall or masonry from foam blocks. How to strengthen the parapet -.
2. . Sometimes the balcony is made panoramic by installing metal-plastic blocks to the full height, without a parapet. Then it remains to insulate only the floors and ceiling.
3. Elimination of all cracks and leaks leading to the street, removal of excess mounting foam.
4. pad electrical wiring for lighting, as well as drainage and lines with freon k (if any).

Before insulating the balcony inside, you need to level all surfaces, removing obvious influxes or filling up cavities and cracks with mortar.

Interior wall decoration

The technology of do-it-yourself balcony wall insulation depends on the design of the parapet and the applied thermal insulation material. A metal frame trimmed on the outside with plastic or, it is better to sheathe it with 2 layers of thermal insulation so that the second row of insulation covers everything metal racks, which are cold bridges. Moreover, from the outside, between the cladding and the insulation, a windproof film should be laid.

When insulating a balcony with mineral wool, it is necessary to use not an ordinary film, but a diffusion membrane as a windscreen. It will let the moisture that occurs in the thickness of the cotton wool out, but will not let it get wet from precipitation or fog on the street. For polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, the use of a membrane is not necessary; a regular film is also suitable.

To fix the mineral wool, you will need to assemble with your own hands an additional wooden frame made of bars, whose width is equal to the thickness of the insulation. The step between the bars is selected according to the width of the material, the latter is inserted between them by surprise. At the last stage, the heat-insulating layer is covered with a vapor barrier film, after which the frame is sewn up with clapboard or drywall.

ceiling lining

And the balcony ceiling can be insulated in 3 ways:

1. If you plan to do wallpapering at the end, then the method of gluing the slab insulation with a building mixture is suitable. Warming, accompanied by "wet" processes, is carried out only in the warm season at positive temperatures.
2. For a similar finish, you will have to attach wooden blocks to the walls and ceiling, and lay the rolled or slab material between them.
3. When insulated with polystyrene foam, the plates can be fixed directly to the walls and ceiling with dowels. After that, the surfaces are leveled with putty and painted, or a crate is placed by fixing the bars to the foam blocks or concrete through the insulation. Lining, plastic, drywall and other finishes of your choice are calmly attached to the crate.

Note! To fasten the battens to the concrete ceiling through the expanded polystyrene, you must use special screws for concrete - frame dowels.

When insulating a balcony with mineral wool, a wooden frame is indispensable. Cotton wool can also be glued, but it is quite difficult. The best way- insert it between the beams attached to the wall and ceiling, protect it with a vapor barrier and line it with a suitable material.

The gluing method is convenient when working with foam plastic, but after 2 days it must be additionally fixed with dowel umbrellas and a plaster layer applied over the fiberglass mesh.

Video:

Floor insulation

The technology of thermal insulation of balcony floors differs from walls and ceilings, since the “pie” of insulation must bear certain dynamic loads and have a flat surface. Alignment is carried out by laying wooden logs, between which a heater is laid, and a finishing coating is laid on top. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. cut wooden beam on the crossbars along the width of the balcony and fix them to the floor with anchors or self-tapping screws and dowels using steel corners.
2. Fasten 3 longitudinal logs to the crossbars on self-tapping screws. In the process, they must be aligned horizontally, starting from the highest point. Using the building level, the beams at the intersection with the crossbars should be raised and plastic or wooden wedges should be placed.
3. Between the crossbars and the log, lay the insulation tightly. In the case of mineral wool, a vapor barrier must be laid on top of it.
4. Lay flooring with fastening to the lags.

It is characteristic that the length of the crossbars and the log does not need to be adjusted to the dimensions of the balcony. It would be more correct to make them shorter by 10-20 mm so that the ends do not rest against the walls. Wood has the ability to "breathe" and deform a little; with a tight fit, the floor surface may later arch.

Moreover, walking on such floors will be accompanied by an annoying creak. The resulting gaps near the walls will hide under the floor covering and become invisible.

When using slab insulation, it is worth choosing the step of the crossbars correctly so that you do not have to cut the slabs once again. The standard width is 600 mm, and you need to focus on it. After laying the foam or expanded polystyrene, all joints and cracks must be filled mounting foam.

Useful instructional video:

Mineral wool is protected with a vapor barrier as tightly as possible so that moisture from inside the room cannot seep into it. Here, too, you can use foamed polyethylene such as Penofol, but pay special attention to gluing the joints.

If you seriously and scrupulously approach the procedure for internal insulation of a balcony, then it is not at all necessary to hire craftsmen and pay them money, which is never superfluous. You will spend twice as much time to complete the work, but you will do everything with high quality and in accordance with personal wishes. In addition, save money for the family budget.

There are three main types of work in the process of insulation: wall cladding around the perimeter of the room, thermal insulation of the ceiling and floor surface. In order to understand how to properly insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands, you should study the recommendations of professionals. Useful video links will help you understand the whole range of activities before starting work.

• self-insulation ( personal experience)
• On the example of Moscow

1. Basic concepts for arranging a loggia from the inside

The choice of double-glazed windows and installation tips ("Eco Balcony").

Creation comfortable temperature on the loggia. Glazing tips: selection of double-glazed windows and profiles, proper installation of the window structure, preparation of the base for installing the frame, etc. Appointment and installation of a hydrovisor. Elimination of bridges of cold. Recommendations of a specialist on the insulation of surfaces of walls, floors and ceilings in a room.

2. Thermal insulation with styrofoam

Finishing and insulation of the loggia from the company "Empire Grand".

The video shows the layout of the foam. The sequence of work: installing a window sill, creating a frame of a wooden crate, filling the cells of the structure with foam, laying the base under the floor covering on the logs. A good example proves the ease of installation of insulation. decorative trim walls are made using PVC panels.

3. Self-insulation with penoplex and penofol

Modern methods of creating a warm balcony ("Maxi Windows").

Master class on the device of penoplex and penofol (polyethylene foam). Insulation (extruded polystyrene foam) is mounted on all surfaces of the room; plate-shaped dowels (“fungi”) are used for fastening. The joints in the structure are filled with mounting foam. Vapor barrier is provided by polyethylene foam with foil.

4. The device of extruded polystyrene foam (foam)

An excerpt from the TV show "Housing Problem".

Combining a loggia with a living space. Consistent arrangement of the premises. erection external walls from foam blocks, dismantling of internal glazing and replacement of external frames. Recommendations for creating a comfortable microclimate using extruded polystyrene foam. Installation of the "warm floor" system.

5. Spraying polyurethane foam (PPU)

Insulation of the PPU loggia (Technopena company).

Spray method on a real example. Preliminary preparation of the premises for repair. Creation of a reliable seamless construction using polyurethane foam (50 mm). Trimming excess material. Video review of the application of polyurethane foam by a specialist.

6. Mineral wool as a heat insulator

Instructions for laying mineral wool in the TV show "Clean Job".

Works on the improvement of space with the help of a non-combustible, reliable and durable heat insulator. Correct installation mineral wool, the technology of laying the battens in the frame.

7. Installation of electric floor heating

Guide to the installation of the underfloor heating system ("Housing issue").

Gym in the attached loggia. Video instruction for installing the "Warm floor" system to create a comfortable microclimate in the room. Laying penofol on a leveled base. Installation of system cables, organization of a screed with self-leveling action. Preparing the floor for flooring.