What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Sometimes for a summer resident, the long-awaited rain at the height of the season becomes a real natural disaster. As a result of a prolonged summer downpour, as well as during a spring flood, a real lake can form on the site.

In order to avoid stagnation of water, a system for collecting and removing it from the territory is needed. If a storm sewer is built with your own hands, then the cost of its construction will be minimal.

In the article presented for acquaintance, the principle of the arrangement of the atmospheric water drainage system is described in detail, the constituent structures are described. We will tell you how best to build it and how to maintain it. Taking into account our advice, the organization of the stormwater will not cause the slightest difficulty.

Storm sewage is a specific design. The water discharged through this system contains both small and large debris. Therefore, there must be primary cleaning in the stormwater.

The system may differ in the volume of water that it is able to accept, in its design, and in the duration of effective functioning.

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Storm sewage is a system of canals, water intakes, sand traps, inspection and collector wells arranged in the ground. It is designed to collect and drain rainwater from the territory.

The installation of storm sewers will prevent flooding of the site during the flood period and during heavy rainfall, which is especially important for areas with clay soils

The stormwater drain will protect the underground parts of structures from erosion by water, exclude subsidence of the foundations due to the eroded soil under them

Connection with drainage system

The principle of the device of a point sewerage

Paving the site with storm water

Types of storm water inlets for sewerage

The purpose of the storm water inlet is to collect moisture coming from pipes, yard cover. This element is the first to take over the entire volume of water coming from the drainpipes. When choosing a storm water inlet, they are guided by such data as the average amount of precipitation, their intensity, relief, the area occupied by storm sewers.

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The method of storm sewer installation depends on the type of water intake device selected for its construction

A system with point water intakes located directly under the drainpipes is arranged in the form of pipes laid in the ground

A storm drain with linear water inlets is a network of channels closed by a grating made of steel alloy, plastic or cast iron, depending on the required bearing capacity

Both point and linear water intakes are covered with protective and decorative grilles. They are needed for the convenience of moving around the site, preventing accidents and protecting the system from clogging with foliage, branches, dust

Stormwater drain with linear water intake

Point Rainwater Receiver System

Installation of storm sewer trays

Protective decorative grille

You can purchase a cast-iron or plastic storm water inlet. The former are preferable in case of heavy loads, and the latter are attractive due to their moderate cost, low weight, which simplifies installation. A cheaper option is to make a stormwater well for storm sewers at your dacha with your own hands from bricks.

The walls of the pit are lined with brick, leaving a hole for the pipe, then plastered from the inside. Better yet, leave a gap between the soil wall and the cover and fill it with concrete. The bottom of the storm water inlet must be concreted.

Not a single storm drain is complete without a storm water inlet. It preserves both the foundation of the building and the covering around it. If you try to save money on its installation, then the water falling on the foundation will lead to shrinkage and cracks on the walls of the building

This important element is also made from concrete rings. Then the bottom ring can be purchased with a finished bottom and you do not have to fill the stove. Sometimes factory storm water inlets are sold complete with a basket ‚siphon‚ decorative grill.

Most often used for private construction, storm water inlets made of plastic or composite materials are produced in the form of a cube, each side of which is 30 -40 cm. There are adapters for cutting pipes from below and on all sides of the product.

In order not to clog the pipes with debris falling through the grid cells, storm inlets are equipped with baskets. As soon as they are full, they are taken out and cleaned, then put back in place.

The design of the factory storm water inlet provides for partitions that divide its internal space into compartments and create a water seal. As a result, the unpleasant odor from decomposing organic matter does not penetrate outside.

The efficiency of a point-type storm water inlet depends not only on its volume, but also on the installation site. It should be located under a drain or in a place where moisture constantly collects. If it is installed under the pipe, then the jets must accurately hit the center of the grate, otherwise some of the water will fall on the foundation or the yard covering in the form of splashes.

Why are sand traps needed?

Rainwater and melt water in any case contains a certain percentage of insoluble particles. If you do not include sand traps in the scheme, dirt will settle in the sewage system, and it will cease to function in full. System flushing is expensive.

A sand trap is a camera installed behind point receivers in places where water is discharged into underground pipes. It is designed in such a way that the flow of water, getting into it, reduces the speed.

As a result, under the influence of the force of gravity, the suspended particles sink to the bottom, and the liquid freed from them leaves through a special hole. In shape, the sand trap is a trap with multiple chambers located horizontally or a chamber in vertical design.

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Point storm water inlets are equipped with sand retention and water filtration devices. In fact, such a system does not need additional sand trapping components.

In combined stormwater systems in linear sections and before discharge into the collector / absorber, sand traps are installed

The dimensions and volume of sand traps depend on the volume of collected water and the class of the storm sewer itself

Regardless of size, all types of sand traps are equipped with devices for collecting sand, allowing you to empty the device in a simple and affordable way.

The sand trap is built into the storm water inlet

Sand traps in combined systems

Grit trap for public storm drain

Household system trap device

What are drainage channels?

If the blind area around the house has already been completed, and the drainage system has not been taken care of, as a way out of the situation, you can use drainage gutters, which are also called linear storm water inlets. Channels made of concrete or plastic are laid outside the blind area parallel to the paths and overhangs of the roof with some slope.

Linear drainage channels water gets from both roof gutters and from all over the yard, covered with asphalt or slabs. Such a sewage system can cover many more objects than a point one. When buying ready-made trays, you need to pay attention to such important parameters as the class of permissible load and the tensile strength.

The tray, at first glance, is a very simple product, but if their calculation is done incorrectly, the system will not work fully. It is necessary to take into account both the throughput of the stormwater, and the type of coverage, and the degree of pollution of the discharged water.

The weakest products are labeled A15. This means that their use is permissible at a maximum load of up to 1.5 tons. They are installed around the perimeter of the house, in pedestrian and cyclist areas. Trays of class B125 cope with loads up to 12.5 tons without compromising their integrity. They will not be damaged under the weight of a car, therefore, they are appropriate in the garage area.

For private construction, you should not buy massive concrete gutters ‚plastic trays are quite suitable here. They have strength class A ‚B‚ C. The material for their manufacture is polyethylene or polypropylene.

An important parameter when selecting trays is the hydraulic section, designated by the abbreviation DN. It must correspond to the diameter of the pipes supplied to these elements. For plastic gutters, the DN value ranges from 70 to 300.

The length of a standard tray is 1 m. Products are supplied with locking system‚With its help, gutters can be built in 1 line‚ connect them to pipes or make branches. A rational choice for a summer residence ‚a private house - models from DN100 to DN200.

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Manufacturers of kits for the assembly of storm sewers offer an extensive selection of trays, differing in throughput and material used in the manufacture.

For the arrangement of areas with a pedestrian load, components of the storm sewer system are produced from galvanized steel. This is not the most durable option, attracting mainly by the simplicity of the structure.

Concrete and polymer sand products will last at least 50 years. Hold the transport load without any problems, including the weight of the cargo units. However, due to the weight of trays and the need to use construction equipment in laying, they are rarely used in the private sector.

At correct selection the diameter of the pipes, the storm sewer will cope with the task even during the moments of the most abundant rainfall. If flows from several troughs enter the pipe, they all add up. Practitioners for pipes with a cross section of 110 mm and gutters of the same diameter usually use a slope of 20 mm / linear. M.

If the pipe is connected to a stormwater inlet, the slope value is slightly increased to avoid liquid stagnation, and when entering the sand trap, the slope is reduced. This slows down the movement of the water flow, and suspended particles settle to the bottom in greater quantities.

Water in a sewer system of this type drains by gravity, which is due to the formed. There are no pressure pumps here, so it is not necessary to look for a team of professionals in the country or in a suburban courtyard for a storm sewer.

The owner will be able to do all the work on his own. It is written in detail about the calculations for the organization of storm sewers, with the content of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself.

Where is a well and a collector needed?

As in any system consisting of underground pipes, there must be a well in the storm sewer.

Installing it is advisable in the following circumstances:

• if 2 or more streams converge;
• when it is necessary to radically change the height, direction of the pipeline or its slope;
• when it becomes necessary to switch to a larger pipe diameter.

Wells are also provided on the established intervals of the straight sections of the system. If the diameter of the well does not exceed 150 mm, then the next one is located at a distance of 30 to 35 m. With a diameter of 200 mm, from 45 to 50 m, and if the diameter is 0.5 m, the interval is increased to 70-75 m.

The diameter of the well of a private house does not exceed 1 m. The deeper the well, the larger its diameter should be.

Some owners lay out wells in the old fashioned way from bricks or reinforced concrete rings. Others prefer more advanced materials - plastic and fiberglass. By design, wells are collapsible and solid.

They are in the shape of a cylinder with a fully sealed bottom and a hole at the top. There are nozzles for connecting pipes. Several assembled storm water inlets are also used as wells.

All fluid flows are redirected to the collector after combining them into one whole. The choice of material for this element of the storm sewer is individual and depends on the preferences and capabilities of the owner.

A collector is included in the system to redirect the collected water to a tertiary treatment plant or to a sewer. Sometimes his role is big. It is converted into a storage device by tightly closing the outlet pipes. A submersible pump is used to use water.

Large section pipes are also used for the collector - reinforced concrete or plastic with all pipelines supplied to them. On construction market you can also purchase a ready-made container for underground use. There are multi-chamber tanks where rain and melt water are cleaned according to the same principle as in septic tanks.

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If there are no conditions on the site for the disposal of the collected water into the ground, then storm water redirected to the public system or off-site gutter

If the conditions and size of the site allow, the collected rainwater is disposed of through a absorption well. When constructing a well in sandy loam soils, the walls are assembled from perforated rings to increase the outflow rate

Almost free, but quite suitable for dumping rainwater, an option is a filter well from old tires

We fill the bottom of the trench with mobile concrete to the depth of the tray so that the shelves of the tray are flush with the surface. We give the bottom of the trench a slope of 2 - 3 cm per 1 m, It is necessary to direct the slope towards the collector well

Having beaten off the storm sewer lines with a string stretched between the pegs, we assemble a system from trays with a protective and decorative lattice. We align the channels according to the design slope figure until the concrete begins to harden

In the places indicated in the project, we install sand traps, connect them to the channels laid in trenches

On the side of the trench, we construct a formwork from a board and pour concrete mortar between it and the tray laid in the trench

While filling the free space in the formwork with concrete, we level the poured massif. At the same time, we check the slope, if necessary, adjust the position of the trays

We expect the solution to harden at least 14 days, it is better to wait 28 days. At this time, it must be covered with polyethylene and periodically sprinkled with water.

Any private house exposed to atmospheric precipitation. Sooner or later, any homeowner begins to think about storm sewers on their site. In fact, it efficiently collects and also removes sediment from the site. Many have confidence that this system is a roof drain. In fact, it is a complex mechanism with many elements. We will talk about how to make a storm drain on our site.

Wastewater disposal principles

The best way to get started is to study the main points of wastewater disposal. The whole system should be directed to main principle- drains are collected from the roof into a single stream, and then redirected to the collector. So all the main elements are collected in a common highway, which carries out a spillway.

In general, the procedure for draining rainwater will look like this:

• The water from the roof flows into the roof gutters;
• The effluent enters the storm water inlet and is directed to the collector.

Helpful advice. If there is no centralized sewage system, then the nearest ditch, reservoir or suitable well can play the role of a collector.

If we mention the drainage system, then it also takes up a significant place. She settles down where the greatest amount of water is collected.

How to design and calculate a storm drain

In order to do all the work with your own hands, but not spend extra money, you need to make all the calculations in advance. Otherwise, you can get the following troubles:

• Do not calculate all the nuances. The system will not cope with the required amount of work;
• Do everything with an eye margin. Extra money will be spent.

The most accurate calculation will be obtained if the following data are available:

• Precipitation (volume), which are typical for the area. You can find them if you study SNiP.
• When the removal of melt water is required, then information about the level of snow cover. Here, the frequency of rains will be needed.
• Wastewater collection area.
• Soil parameters on the site.
• Location of communications available in the land.

When you have all the data, then you can perform all the calculations on the number of drains discharged. The calculation uses the following formula:

A correction factor is required for calculations. It will be different for different types surface:

Based on the calculation results, the required pipe diameter should be selected. In the search, you need to use the current SNiP table.

The design should also consider the way the fluid is transported to the reservoir. If there is such a situation that the slope of the storm sewer is insufficient for gravity, then it will be necessary to use a forced method using pumps.

Pay attention! Design must be carried out both for the external roofing system and for elements underground.

System elements

Since rainwater drainage is necessary in order to collect and remove precipitation, the main structural elements will be pipes, trays, storm water inlets. Functionality depends on the correct selection as well as the installation of the components. Next, we will consider the elements of the stormwater drainage structure.

Receiving elements

Storm water inlets... Required to pick up liquid from roofs, concrete surfaces, etc. Structurally, it is a container with a branch to a common sewer line. The material of manufacture is different, but most often they are polyethylene or polypropylene.

A prerequisite is the presence of filters that protect against clogging with debris. They are a kind of basket that you can pull out for cleaning. There are also devices equipped with siphons to trap unpleasant odors.

Door pallets... An analogue of the previous element. However, they are mounted near the entrance. Above it has a protective grill, and at the bottom a branch for connection to the pipeline. The use of such pallets solves 2 problems:

• Collects, removes liquid at the entrance to the building;
• Cleans the shoes of people entering the building. There is a special grille, which, among other things, is a decorative element.

Pipes and trays... Components through which fluid moves. Direct wastewater from storm water inlets to the collector.

Wells... Provide intermediate collection of rainwater, as well as the stable operation of the storm drain.

Storm sewer protection devices

Sand traps... Are a mandatory component. The main task is to retain sand or soil. Protect pipes from clogging and allow optimal operation of the entire system.

The principle of operation is as follows: water enters the sand trap. The flow rate in the device decreases because its size is larger than drain pipe... Soil particles settle to the bottom, and the liquid moves further along the outgoing pipe.

Just like storm water inlets should have filter baskets to remove contamination.

Oil separators and oil separators... Devices that are mandatory for installation in industrial facilities. Especially important point will be where there is a combination of storm sewers with a waste liquid discharge, for example, at car washes.

Filters... Systems for collecting and removing rainwater cannot function without various types of filters. They can clean from mechanical impurities, carry out deep cleaning up to the necessary sanitary requirements. Filtration devices are as follows:

• Mechanical. Simple in design, but very effective. They carry out the main purification - from suspended particles. The first stage of cleaning is performed by grates on gutters, storm water inlets. The second stage is carried out in filter baskets that retain small debris. Provides long life with high performance.
• Sorption. Since rain or melt water contains the presence of harmful chemical substances, then there is a need to cleanse them. Such purification takes place with the help of sorption filter elements. Such devices allow water to pass through themselves, purifying it of harmful substances. Activated carbon, shungite, and special substances are used as sorbents.

Water collection methods

Based on the options for collecting water and the design, storm sewers can be divided into 2 types - point and linear.

Point system

Has storm water inlets installed under roof gutters. Each device has its own line, which is part of a single trunk. As mentioned earlier, they have protective grilles, as well as sand traps.

Linear system

With this design, the storm drain consists of a network of trays and pipelines that are either in the ground or openly laid. Open trays are also equipped with sand catchers and protective grilles. The difference with the point will be that the linear is able to absorb liquid both from the roof and from the entire site. For large perimeters, this is the model that needs to be applied.

Thus, before starting work, you need to decide on the method of collecting water, since at the initial stage preparatory work will be required.

At what depth to lay channels

It is necessary to choose the level of the bookmark taking into account the conditions of your site. So, for example, small pipes have a depth of 30 cm.When the pipelines are already of average dimensions, then it is necessary to deepen to 50 cm.For large dimensions, of course, a different level of deepening will be required - up to 70 cm.

Pay attention! If there is a drainage system, storm sewers should be laid above it..

If you do not want to sink too much into the ground, then you can reduce the depth of the bookmark. So, for example, the collector does not have to be mounted at a level greater than the depth of soil freezing. In this case, it is not necessary to bury the channels. To prevent the collector from freezing, it should be insulated.

It is possible to reduce the depth of the trench, but you do not need to get too carried away. So, the slope of the storm sewer must be sufficient for an independent liquid stack. Based on this, the collector in any situation is located below the level of the storm water inlet. Just for this moment, the development of the project comes in handy. It will allow you to calculate the required bias in advance.

What slope is needed

The slope of the stormwater is regulated by the state standard. Based on this, the level will be as follows:

• Pipes 150 mm - 8 millimeters per 1 meter of the route;
• Pipe 200 mm - 7 mm per 1 meter of track.

True, you can take into account the nuances of the site and slightly change these values.

Pay attention! The rainwater inlet must have a slope of 2 mm. This is due to the fact that if the slope is too small, the storm drain may not cope with the entire volume of work.

The trash box must have an even lower slope level, because the principle of operation must be adhered to so that solid elements have time to be placed on the bottom.

Installation process

The initial stage is the installation of gutters on the roof and bringing them down to the storm water inlet. Further, operations on the site begin.

The entire installation begins with the installation of storm water inlets. They must be installed directly under the roof downpipes. Each receiving device must be connected to a single line. The gutters are connected to the receivers by means of elbows.

Next, you should start preparing trenches. The pipes must be laid on a sand cushion with a thickness of at least 100 mm. It has already been said above that a necessary bias is required, which must be constantly monitored.

To reduce the amount of excavation work, you can place a stormwater pipe with a drainage pipe in one prepared trench. But it is impossible to combine them. The drainage line must be located below, and on top of it there is already a storm one.

If we summarize all the operations, then we can say that all pipelines are put into a single line, heading to the collector.

As for the collector, it is important to note that it must be equipped with elements for monitoring the water level and cleaning it from contamination.

When all pipelines are connected and laid, then all trenches are covered with gratings.

Naturally, after installation, a functional check must be carried out. The storm drain is checked as follows - a bucket of water is poured into all storm inlets, the stack process is observed. You should also look for leaks. If present, remove them immediately. If everything works well, then cover the gratings with cellophane, fill the trench with soil.

Combination of storm and drainage systems

Earlier it was said that it is impossible to combine storm and drainage systems in one line. However, we offer the main points for their correct arrangement.

• Alignment is not allowed.
• Drainage is located at a depth greater than the level of soil freezing.
• For drainage, it is necessary to make a deeper trench, which, among other things, needs to be covered with rubble. The use of crushed stone is explained by the fact that it eliminates the pressure on the underground water pipe and thereby protect the pipe from destruction.
• Drainage installation is also carried out with observance of the slope.

Arrangement country cottage requires the solution of many engineering and construction issues. In addition to creating convenient and comfortable conditions for living inside the house, you will also have to equip a personal plot. One of the important structures on a suburban area is the storm sewer in the country.

Protecting ourselves from atmospheric precipitation

In our country, there are practically no areas where there is no precipitation. V middle lane In Russia, the amount of rain and water from melting snow can be measured in cubic meters... In addition, not a single summer cottage is safe from heavy rain, which in a limited time can oversaturate the soil on your site with moisture and make it a natural swamp.

After pouring rain covers your summer cottage, the dropped water will roll down from roofs and from areas with a hard coating that does not absorb water into the ground, over-saturating it with moisture. This moisture can not only create problems for your crops, but it can also cause the foundation of your home to collapse. If there is a cellar, basement or basement in your summer cottages, water can penetrate these rooms and partially flood them. The same situation with an excessive amount of moisture in the area can also develop during intensive spring melting of the snow cover.

To protect yourself from the adverse effects of moisture, a storm sewer is arranged on personal plots, which removes excess moisture outside your summer cottage, where it cannot damage anything.

The main characteristics of storm sewers

The storm sewer system is a rather specific structure. In contrast to conventional water supply, rain and melt water contains a large amount of both large debris and small suspended particles. This composition of the effluent implies primary treatment and the creation of a channel for the uninterrupted movement of littered water.

The composition of the storm sewer system in the country

The composition of the storm sewer system is not limited exclusively to gutters that collect rain moisture from the floors of structures. Rain pipes are only one of the components of the stormwater.

In the storm country sewage system, the following main components can be distinguished:

• Elements that drain rainwater and moisture from melting from various sections of floors or terrain.
• Elements that collect the diverted melt water away from the beds or houses.
• Elements that allow the accumulation or reuse of accumulated moisture.

It is also worth noting that a storm drainage system can be created using two constructive methods: linear and point, or their combination.

Point storm sewer in the country

When using this method of collecting rain or melt water, runoff is collected from hard, non-absorbent surfaces, for example roofing or paved areas. Further, the drains are directed to the receiving funnels. After collection, the wastewater is transported to the drainage system.

Linear storm sewer in the country

When using a linear drainage system, all drains from non-absorbent surfaces are drained into troughs located along such areas. After collection, rain and melt runoff is directed to the drainage system. If there is a border with a ravine or a pond on your site, it is advisable to direct the wastewater towards the natural flow. As an option, rain and melt runoff can enter the purifier, where it will undergo primary purification.

Recycling rain and melt water seems to be a very profitable measure. By using it, you can achieve substantial savings on water bills for irrigation or cleaning. Rainwater and melt runoffs carry relatively few pollutants and their treatment in a standard septic tank should not be a particular problem.

We independently mount the storm sewer in the country

Despite the fact that storm sewage is quite complex engineering system- you can easily carry out its installation yourself. The situation is facilitated by the fact that there are no pressure pumps in the storm sewer system, and the water in it moves by gravity. Therefore, the installation of storm water in the country or in country house is just a more technically advanced kids igloo with spring streams. In order to competently design and install the drainage of rain or melt water in the country, you need to have only minimal technological skills.

Storm sewer installation technology

1. At the initial stage, the storm sewer system is calculated. The minimum required elements is a water drainage system from buildings, since rainwater if it is too abundant, it can seriously complicate your life. Further, if necessary, the drainage from paths and areas with a hard surface, for example, from an asphalt parking lot, is calculated.
2. Having determined the areas from which water should be diverted, it should be done so that rain moisture does not linger on such surfaces. Everything is clear with the roof - water is collected from it by a standard drainage system. But in order for your paths or parking in the country not to be covered with water after every rain, during their construction it is necessary to provide a slope along which the water, under the influence of gravitational forces, will slide into the water intake funnels or gutters. Similar devices, funnels or gutters, are installed under the ends of the drainpipes that collect moisture from the roof.
3. After the calculation and construction of all funnels or gutters, the collected water should be discharged away from the site, or into the wastewater treatment system.
4. The drainage of water from the inlet crows can be carried out closed or open way... When using the open method, water enters the gutters, which are closed in the upper part with grates. When using a closed system, water enters the collection and drainage point through a system of underground pipes.
5. Both when laying gutters and when placing pipes - building drainage structures should be placed with a slope towards the catchment. The angle of inclination of the drainage pipes and gutters is calculated in the same way as when laying an external sewer system.
6. When laying pipes and gutters after digging in the selected place of trenches, a sand cushion with a thickness of at least 10 centimeters is laid on their bottom.
7. The pipes of the drainage system in the ground do not need to be buried to a significant extent. The storm sewage system works exclusively in the warm season and the problem of freezing does not threaten it.
8. In order for the system not to clog up in it, it is necessary to provide for the installation of filter grids for collecting large debris and sand traps for collecting suspended small particles, such as sand. At the locations of filters and sand traps with underground closed pipe laying, it is necessary to provide for the presence of inspection wells and hatches for routine maintenance and unscheduled wastewater treatment.

Features of the installation of storm sewers

For laying stormwater gutters in an open way, you can use ready-made solutions - concrete and plastic gutters for storm sewers.

Also, storm sewers can be combined with a drainage system. In soils with a large amount of moisture, a constant drainage of excess water is required. For this, pipes with holes are laid in the ground, which collect moisture and soil and take it away from the site. The same pipes can also be used to move rain or melt water outside the area. However, as a rule drainage pipes are laid at a depth deeper than the storm sewer system.

Carefully calculate the slope of the drainage pipes. Use a building level or a special theodolite.

Please note that water is a rather corrosive medium, therefore, carry out the sewer stormwater system exclusively from materials that do not corrode, such as plastic or reinforced concrete. Do not use pipelines with corrugated surfaces, as they are extremely susceptible to clogging.

Water can find a way out everywhere, so when connecting storm sewer pipes, use sealed technologies similar to conventional outdoor sewers.

In order for the water in the storm drain not to freeze in winter - at the beginning of frost, the system must be completely cleaned and freed from water.

All entrances to water collectors and storm gutters should be covered with bars. It is easier to shovel leaves from such gratings than to get them out of the bowels of the sewer system later.

There must be an inspection hatch or well at every turn of the drain pipe.

In order to get acquainted in more detail with the technology of construction of storm sewers in the country, check out the video tutorial.

Storm sewage in the country: video

Your favorite shoes are probably familiar with the delights of a poorly performing city storm. Often, after a "dense" meeting with deep puddles accumulated on the asphalt, adorable shoes and boots leave only pleasant memories and photographs of themselves. For a citizen, the loss of shoes is the maximum damage to the owner country house the damage is more extensive. In order for the atmospheric water not to slowly but persistently destroy the foundation, not flood the basements, or contribute to the rotting of the root system of plants on the site, drainage of water is required. A not too complicated storm sewer system with their own hands can well be organized by a contractor who has nothing to do with construction specialties.

Purpose and specifics of the stormwater device

A storm sewer is a complex of devices and channels that collects, filters and removes atmospheric moisture into filtration fields, special reservoirs, and reservoirs. Its task is to eliminate excess moisture, creating discomfort, destroying structures and reducing life cycle plants.

The storm drain is a linear network that includes such standard elements as:

• storm water inlets, represented by funnels, pallets, linear trays, collecting water;
• gutters, pipes, trays transporting water to sand traps - filtration devices, and further to collectors, ditches, reservoirs, to unloading fields;
• inspection wells required for control storm system;

filters, sand traps, retaining soil particles, plant fibers and debris, protecting the network from contamination.

The storm drain is a complex of channels and devices that collect excess atmospheric moisture, filter them and drain them first into a collector well, then to unloading points

Options for storm water inlets: on the left is the door sump, in the middle there is a funnel receiving water from the drain, on the right is a gutter with a sand trap

All elements are combined into an integral system that works according to linear or point technology. If storm sewer channels are laid in the ground, pipes are used for their construction. In the surface ditches, gutters and trays made of plastic, asbestos or concrete are installed.

Important. To ensure the natural movement of rain and melt water to the places of filtration and unloading, pipes, trays, gutters are laid with a slope towards the catchment devices and unloading places.

Classification according to the method of collection of effluents

Depending on the collection principle, according to which the storm sewer device is performed, all existing storm drains are divided into two types.

Point systems, which include storm water inlets installed under the gutters of internal and external gutters. Each device that receives atmospheric water is connected to a common line. According to the technical conditions, storm water inlets are equipped with special grates and sand traps, preventing the penetration of suspended soil particles, plant residues, and debris into the system.

Point type storm drain: the storm water inlet is installed under the gutter, the funnel receiving water is equipped with a filter mesh and an internal basket for collecting litter

A linear type of storm drain, which is a network of canals laid underground or in slightly buried trenches. Trays that collect and transfer water, laid in an open way, are also equipped with sand traps and equipped with grates. Only grilles are installed along the entire line. Unlike point scheme linear sewerage collects water not only from roof gutters, but also from paths, from areas covered with concrete, paved with sidewalk bricks. This type of sewer "covers" and handles more objects.

A linear storm drainage scheme can cover a large area, drain drains not only from the roof, but also from landscaped areas, from sidewalks, and from those sides of the house where, due to the specifics of the pitched structure, there are no drains

Focusing on the design differences and the degree of coverage of the territory, the type of system is selected. However, these are not fundamental selection criteria. Basically, storm sewers in the country are arranged according to the experience in the organization and operation of storm sewers available in a particular area. Starting from it, they determine both the type of channel laying and the depth of their inception.

Preliminary calculations and design

Implementation of plans without calculations is a waste of money. If the system does not cope with the function assigned to it by the owner, you should not undertake its construction at all, and too powerful storm sewers of a private house will "eat up" a lot of financial resources.

Video: design and installation rules

Information required for calculations

• Data on the average amount of precipitation recorded by meteorologists in a particular area. You can find them in SNiP 2.04.03-85.
• The frequency of rains, the thickness of the snow cover, necessary for those who plan to use the system and to drain melt water.
• The drainage area. For a point variety, this is the roof area. And not the full value, but the value of its projection in the plane. For a linear system, the drainage area will be the sum of the areas of all processed objects.
• Physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils available on the site.
• The presence and location of the communications already existing on the site.

Calculation of the volume of discharged wastewater

The above exact values ​​of the amount and intensity of precipitation are the result of many years of research on physical phenomena in the atmosphere of a given area. They can be found in SNiP or obtained from the local meteorological service. Further calculations are performed using the formula.

The formula for calculating the flow rate of atmospheric water, as well as the constants and variables used in the calculations

The correction factor used in this formula:

• 0.4 for areas covered with gravel;
• 0.85 for concreted areas;
• 0.95 for asphalted areas and paths;
• 1.0 for roofs.

We got the volume value, then the required pipeline diameter is determined according to the tables of the current SNiP.

Channel laying depth

It is necessary to lay trays or channels from pipes at the depth at which they are usually laid in a given region. Exact value you can find out with the construction organization or ask the neighbors who have already equipped their site with a stormwater. In the middle lane, the rainwater drainage system is usually arranged at a depth of 0.3 meters, if the diameter of the pipeline or open trays is not more than 50 cm. Trays and pipes with larger dimensions are buried by 0.7 m.

An important point. If the site has drainage system, storm sewers are laid above the drainage.

If a drainage system has already been laid on the territory, the storm drain is placed above

High cost earthworks usually does not stimulate the desire of professional installation customers to go deep into the ground. Even if it is decided to carry out a storm sewer device with your own hands, there is no point in burying it too deeply. There is no reason to install collectors and inspection wells below the level of seasonal freezing, as instructed by GOSTs. They can be positioned higher, insulating thermal insulation material- geotextile and a layer of rubble that protects the network from freezing. Due to the insignificant deepening, the labor intensity of the work is significantly reduced.

Insulation of storm sewers in case of slight deepening is carried out from a layer of geotextile and a layer of rubble, thanks to the protection of channels from freezing, you can significantly save on earthwork

However, it should not be forgotten that the channels to the collection and cleaning devices must be led at an angle. This means that the level of the place of entry into the collector well must be below the level of the tray or pipe extending from the storm water inlet. To accurately calculate the depth of their installation, you need to draw a site plan and, taking into account the slope of the channels, calculate everything.

The scheme of the storm drainage device, the channels of which are laid below the freezing depth, the insulating geotextile protects in this case from the aggression of groundwater

Slope standards and norms

GOST regulates the minimum slope for pipes with a 150 mm diameter of 0.008 (slope value in mm / m). Pipes with a section of 200 mm are laid at an angle of 0.007. Pipe slopes may vary slightly depending on site conditions. The largest slope is 0.02 in the zone of joining the canal to the storm water inlet, since in this place it is necessary to increase the speed of the gravity of water. In front of the sand traps, the speed of the current must slow down in order for the suspended particles to "settle", the angle of inclination is the smallest there.

Devices for collecting water in envelope-type systems with gully-funnels are installed at the intersection points of the slopes.

The process and specifics of stormwater installation

Rules of conduct installation works on the arrangement of storm drains, they are identical to the principles of laying conventional external sewer pipelines. However, if the house is not equipped with gutters, you need to start with their device.

The rules for installing a stormwater drainage system are similar to the rules for laying a conventional sewage system.

Construction of the roofing component

• In the ceilings of the house, you need to make holes for storm water inlets. After installing the devices and their fastening to the bitumen mastic, the junction points must be sealed.
• Waste pipes and risers are being installed.
• All elements must be attached to the structures of the house with clamps.

Scheme of the roofing part of the storm drain: 1. gutter; 2. the corner of the gutter is external; 3. inner corner of the gutter; 4. gutter plug; 5. gutter connector; 6.hook; 7.hook; 8. funnel; 9. drainage funnel; 10. pipe elbow; 11. drain pipe; 12. connecting pipe; 13. pipe bracket (for brick); 14. pipe bracket (for wood); 15. drain knee; 16.pipe tee

Underground construction

According to the planned plan, drawn up taking into account the slopes and the depth of the canals adopted in this region, it is necessary to dig a trench. If it is supposed to insulate the pipeline by forming a shell of geotextiles and crushed stone around it, or to arrange a cushion of sand, their power should also be taken into account. Here's how to proceed:

• The bottom of the trench is thoroughly rammed before installation. Large stones encountered during digging are removed, the holes formed after their removal are covered with soil.
• A sand cushion is poured onto the bottom, its standard thickness is 20 cm.
• A pit is being formed for the installation of a collection tank. It is easiest to use a ready-made plastic container as a collector, but if you wish, you can make a collector well yourself by pouring concrete into the formwork arranged in advance.

Pipes are laid in tamped ditches and equipped with sand cushions; fittings are used to connect them into a single system.

Connections of underground drainage channels are made using fittings

• It is recommended to include viewing wells in the straight branches of the storm drain, with a length of more than 10 m.
• Sand traps should be installed at the points of joining of collectors and pipelines that receive atmospheric water.
• All devices and devices are connected in one circuit, the joints of the components are sealed.

Before backfilling the trench, it is necessary to carry out tests by pouring water into the water intakes. No testing was found weak points? We fill up the system laid in the trench with soil, and we equip the gutters, trays, pallets with gratings.

Before backfilling the trench, the constructed system must be checked, identified and eliminated all defects and leaks, if any.

Advice. Pitched roof structures are not equipped with gutters on all sides. Where they are not available, it is recommended to install gutters with gratings and include them in the general network.

It is forbidden to unload the city collector well into the general sewerage network due to the presence of chemicals and oil products in the effluent. The owner of a country house can freely connect the storm drain to the sewer that is his property, because there are no dangerous components that require fine cleaning in it.

After cleaning in a sand trap, water enters the sewer collector, from there it can be distributed directly into the ground, unloaded into reservoirs or into the ordinary sewer network of a private house

Improvement of the house and the surrounding area with a surface drainage system will help to extend the service life of structures, relieve owners of puddles and slush, and prevent rotting of plant roots. A simple downpour of the site with your own hands can be mounted by the owner himself, but even if you contact the builders, information about the specifics of its organization will not interfere. The owner himself and will be able to track violations, and repair, and clean.

Water accumulating in the rain or from the melting of snow near the house can lead to flooding and destruction of the foundation. To prevent this from happening, a storm sewer is required in a private house.

In addition, it is required for the accumulation of water resources in regions with arid climates. And also to drain excess moisture from vegetation on adjoining territory... It can be easily assembled by yourself.

Storm sewer in a private house: device

Drainage is a system that collects and filters melt and rainwater that accumulates in a special reservoir. Then they are used as process water.

Trays or storm water inlets for storm sewers, according to drainage methods, are divided into:

• closed type;
• open;
• combined type.

Open and closed storm sewers in a private house are considered part of the path. In the first case (simple point sewerage) from the roof through the drain pipe, water enters the tray. In the second (closed) version, water enters a buried pipe, then into a collector to collect water. Closed trays are directly mounted in them, leaving only gratings on the surface. Through them, moisture goes into the underground pipeline. This type is used for large building perimeters.

For open storm sewers in a private house, external water intakes are used. They are open and surface mounted.

By design, they do not differ from closed ones, but they are flooded more often, so more care is needed. Apply this or a small cottage. There is also a third type of storm drainage system - mixed or combined. The features of internal and external drainage are combined here. In it, one part of the stormwater is carried out with closed drains, the other with open ones.

Drainage elements

Drains and drainage lines come from:

• plastic;
• concrete;
• cast iron;
• alloy steel;
• aluminum.

For the arrangement of storm sewers in a private house, plastic and steel materials are used with their own hands, since they are reliable in operation and easy to install.

The storm sewer system consists of:

• gutters and storm water inlets;
• collectors for collecting water.

Gutters and storm water inlets

This is the initial link in the system through which wastewater enters the drain and pipeline. When choosing a material, preference should be given to concrete or plastic, since metal ones are very noisy under the blows of rain and gusts of wind, if they are not buried in the ground. Moreover, they are susceptible to corrosion. Concrete is more reliable and has a long service life. However, such gutters have strictly regulated dimensions and it is not always possible to install them on the site. Plastic is easily cut and combined, and the stormwater inlet can have different depths of the well. With an existing blind area, they can be easily mounted without dismantling it.

Filters

Designed to trap stones, leaves, sand, branches and other debris that can clog pipes. Lattices allow less frequent cleaning of storm sewers, eliminate the risk of stumbling. Cast iron is reliable as a material for making a grate, but it requires painting every 2 years. Steel rusts quickly. Aluminum can be considered the best option, because it has a long operational life and looks stylish. However, it is somewhat more expensive.

The dimensions of the holes should not be very small, since they must let a lot of water pass at once, but not large, otherwise debris will penetrate into the system and lead to its clogging.

Pipe networks

The pipes transfer the flow to the water collection point. If they are made of PVC, then this perfect solution for the storm sewer device. Their smooth surface eliminates the risk of silting. Their diameter is 100-150 mm.

Collector for collecting water

The collector is part of a closed and mixed stormwater system and is a reservoir for receiving the main stream of water. A similar well can be equipped with a sand and gravel cushion and concrete rings or a concrete ring with a bottom to use the liquid in the future. The plastic well is assembled from PVC molds. It is perfect for those areas where groundwater is superficial. Water disposal takes place using a pipeline system, and moisture can also be used for economic purposes on the site.

Instead of a collector, it is permissible to make drainage from a special perforated plastic container with water discharge into the ground, placing it horizontally and burying it in the sand. Through the holes, moisture will gradually seep into the sand and go into the depths.

In addition, the storm drain device can be supplemented with an under-door tray installed near the porch when front door, pipes for soil catchment, hatch for access to the system.

Operating principle

The main principle of the sewage system is to adhere to gravity, for which it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

1. The location of the building to determine the length of the stormwater pipes around the house.
2. Relief features of the area.
3. Climate and rainfall in order to determine the volume and number of wells and pipes.

With an average annual rainfall of 60-90 cubic meters. m, the pipe diameter should be 11-12 cm.

The installation scheme for storm trays in the courtyard of the house depends on the type of rainfall collection. It can be linear or point.

The layout of the system should be thought out when designing a house so that the drains are discharged in a straight line, and there is less problems with cleaning.

The diagram indicates the location of communications, storage, equipment and drain circuits. When combining drainage and stormwater into the sewer, a more serious approach and a geodetic survey of the territory will be required in order to identify the level of groundwater. This will make it possible to determine the most convenient place for the accumulator and drainage pads.

Mounting

Before installation, the territory is marked in order to determine the location of the trenches. If turns are necessary, then they must be made at right angles and inspection hatches should be made in these places.

Installation of ground channels, trays and gutters should be carried out in open areas of the site. When installing the tray, the soil around it should be compacted to prevent soil subsidence.

Pipes are laid with a slope of 1 cm per 1 m of length.

It is better to use them from PVC, since the material does not corrode. Pipes are laid in a trench, into which crushed stone and sand are first poured, geotextiles are spread.

Then the pipe is completely wrapped with geomaterial and the trench is covered with excavated soil.

The connections are made with couplings that are suitable in size and type.

Finally, the receiver is installed.

Installation is carried out with a bias towards the drive.

If the elements of the system pass under the functional areas (entrance, parking lot), then additional reinforcement in the form of an overlap with further backfilling with soil will be required.

Cleaning function

The storm drainage system, unlike a septic tank, does not need deep cleaning. In this case, water can be discharged into the ground, the nearest stream, ravine, or used for irrigation.

At the same time, without violating sanitary and hygienic standards and soil ecology. But basic filtration is necessary, for which sand traps are used that trap various debris, stones, leaves, etc. Also, the pipes are periodically flushed with a jet pressure using a pump. The stream can eliminate contamination in hard-to-reach places. The drive is cleaned separately using disinfectants.

The construction market offers all kinds of storm sewer options, so any configuration can be applied. The most reliable is the trench system using trays, wells, collectors, filter membranes. But it is provided for a large area; for a small area, an open storm drain around the perimeter of the house is suitable. The drain can be connected to a septic tank with a multi-stage biological treatment Wastewater.

Only rain and melt water does not need fine filtration. For them, it is enough to equip the system with gratings and filters, but they must be cleaned mechanically, otherwise the canals can become clogged, causing a flood of the territory.

Unusual storm sewer do it yourself - video