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Device drainage system

The foundation is the main part of the house. The durability of the building as a whole depends on its quality. The base of the house is affected by ground, rain and capillary waters, which can cause it to sag and deform. Concrete is a hygroscopic material. The moisture that it absorbs rises through the capillaries, penetrating the walls and floors and causing mold and mildew to form. When this water freezes, the foundation can collapse. In order to protect the house from destruction as a result of moisture exposure, it is necessary to timely waterproof the foundation. If you are still thinking about whether to do waterproofing, keep in mind that repairing the foundation in the future will cost more than building a house, and there is no need to talk about the complexity and laboriousness of the work.

Foundation waterproofing scheme.

This is not to say that doing such work is an easy task. Waterproofing technology requires certain skills and understanding of the processes that take place in concrete and soil and in various materials... Experience is also important, therefore, before performing work, it is necessary to consult with a specialist and follow his recommendations.

House base waterproofing technology

First you need to decide on the complex construction works for waterproofing. In this case, the following factors must be taken into account: the level of occurrence of groundwater, the forces of frost heaving, the operating conditions of the house, the heterogeneity of the soil. If the maximum groundwater level is 1 m or more below the base of the foundation, it is enough to make a vertical coating waterproofing and horizontal with the use of roofing material.

The main types of foundation waterproofing.

If the groundwater is close to the foundation, but does not reach the basement level, the work will have to be expanded. Horizontal insulation is performed in 2 layers, each of which must be coated with bituminous mastic. For vertical waterproofing, both gluing and coating methods are used. Depending on the budget planned for the purchase of building materials, all concrete structures can be treated with penetrating materials that stop the movement of water through the capillaries.

If the groundwater is located above the basement base and basement floor, it is necessary to additionally equip a drainage system. The price for waterproofing a foundation depends on its area, the amount and type of materials used. In the simplest case, only bitumen will have to be purchased. In the most difficult part, you will have to spend money on penetrating, roll and coating materials, as well as on the arrangement of the drainage system.

Foundation horizontal waterproofing

For a monolithic and strip base, horizontal waterproofing is carried out in 2 places: at the level of the basement floor and at the junctions of the foundation with the walls.

Horizontal waterproofing can only be carried out during the construction phase of a building, so it must be taken care of on time.

To do this, you will need the following materials and tools:

Horizontal waterproofing scheme.

shovel;
oily clay;
concrete;
bituminous mastic;
roofing material;
cement;
rollers, brushes;
adhesive mastics.

Before erecting the foundation on the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to fill in a layer of oily clay 20-30 cm thick, which must be carefully tamped. After that, a layer of concrete of 5-7 cm is poured. This is necessary for arranging the waterproofing of the foundation. Before placing the material, the concrete must dry and gain the required strength. Then the concrete is coated with bitumen mastic, on top of which roofing material is placed.

The surface is again covered with mastic and a second layer of roofing material is applied. Concrete is poured from above and ironing is performed. It is also included in the complex of works on the insulation of the base. Ironing is done as follows: cement sifted through a sieve is poured on top of the concrete and leveled. The cement will get wet after a while from the moisture contained in the concrete. Then the surface is periodically moistened with water until it gains strength.

After tape or pile foundation will be built, its surface must also be waterproofed to prevent moisture from rising into the walls. The surface is covered with bituminous mastic, on top of which roofing material or any other roll material is laid. The procedure is performed twice to obtain a two-layer waterproofing. The edges of the material are not cut, but brought down and pressed with vertical insulation.

Drainage system

Option with waterproofing and drainage of the foundation wall.

Depending on the depth of occurrence groundwater and the type of soil, it may be necessary to equip a drainage system that serves to collect and drain atmospheric and groundwater into the well. This need mainly arises with poor soil permeability and high groundwater. To build a drainage system, you need to dig trenches around the perimeter of the building at a distance of about 70 cm from it. The depth depends on the water table. Width - 40 cm. The trench should be located with some slope in relation to the pit and well.

Geotextile is laid at the bottom, its edges are wrapped on the sides of the pit by 90 cm.Crushed stone or gravel is poured with a layer of 5 cm along the length of the trench and perforated pipes are laid with a slope of 0.5 cm for each m.Then the previously washed gravel is poured, everything is covered with the remaining edges geotextiles. The pipes are led into a collecting well and the soil is backfilled. The drainage system can be equipped after putting the house into operation.

Vertical waterproofing of the base of the house

Diagram of vertical waterproofing of the foundation.

For this, the most different materials that can be combined. The cheapest is considered bituminous waterproofing foundation. This requires bitumen, sold in bars. A large container is filled with 70% of bitumen resin and 30% of waste oil. Chan needs to be warmed up by making a fire under it. After the bitumen has melted, it can be applied to the pre-leveled surface. With a brush or roller, bitumen is applied to the surface of the base, starting from its sole and ending 15-20 cm before the surface of the soil. Bitumen must be applied in several layers, bringing the total thickness to 3-5 cm. To prevent the bitumen from solidifying in the container, it must be hot all the time.

Bitumen fills the pores in concrete, protecting it from moisture penetration. The service life of such waterproofing is 5 years, after which the coating begins to crack and collapse, letting water into the concrete. To extend the life of the waterproofing, bitumen-polymer compositions are used that do not have the disadvantages of conventional bitumen.

Foundation waterproofing

The scheme of waterproofing the foundation with roofing felt.

Roll materials can be used alone or in combination with coating materials. The most popular pasting material is roofing material. Before fixing it on the surface of the base, it is treated with bituminous mastic. After that, the roofing material canvases are heated with a gas burner and applied to the surface with an overlap of 20 cm. The roofing material can be fixed using adhesive mastics. Before fusing the vertical waterproofing, the edges of the horizontal one must be wrapped and pressed, fusing roofing material on top.

Roofing material can be replaced with more modern materials based on polyester, which increases their strength, wear resistance and elasticity. But even they cannot provide the required strength of the coating without first applying mastic, since they do not fill the pores.

Foundation waterproofing scheme with liquid rubber.

The glued waterproofing can be replaced with liquid rubber that has good adhesion to the surface. The surface will be seamless, which will provide high-quality protection. If the work will be done manually, "Elastomix" or "Elastopaz" - one-component rubber will do. Elastopaz is applied in 2 layers, each of which must dry for at least 24 hours. Sold in containers of 18 kg, if the contents are not completely consumed, the bucket can be hermetically closed and the material left for storage. Elastomix is applied in one layer, it is sold in 10 kg each. If the bucket with the mixture is not used up to the end, it cannot be stored, since after 2 hours it will turn into rubber.

A surface covered with liquid rubber requires protection from external influences if the backfill soil contains inclusions in the form of stones or construction waste... In this case, the foundation is covered with geotextiles and the pressure wall is equipped.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing

The scheme of penetrating waterproofing of the foundation.

Penetrating materials are materials whose substances penetrate into the structure of concrete and crystallize inside. Hydrophobic crystals protect concrete from water penetration into its structure and its rise through capillaries. This prevents the concrete from breaking down and increases its frost resistance. Materials such as "Hydrotex" and "Aquatron" are penetrating waterproofing, most often they are used to treat the inner surfaces of the basement or basement. It is better to apply penetrating materials to damp concrete. To do this, the surface must be cleaned of dust and thoroughly moistened. The material is applied in several layers. Once absorbed, the outer layer can be removed.

For waterproofing and leveling vertical foundation surfaces, plaster mixes with moisture-resistant components can be used. The foundation is plastered in the same way as the walls on the lighthouses. To prevent cracking, the plaster must be applied hot. After drying, the plaster layer must be protected with a clay lock.

The clay lock does not admit pressurized water to the foundation. To do this, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the foundation at a distance of 0.6 m, at the bottom of which rubble is poured. The walls and bottom of the trench are covered with oily clay. The remaining space can be covered with clay or gravel, and a blind area can be made on top. During the spring flood, the clay does not allow water to flow to the base, and excess moisture leaves through the gravel layer.

Foundation waterproofing device: work technology

The foundation waterproofing device starts with horizontal insulation. It can be done with bitumen, roofing material, liquid rubber and other materials. They are also used for vertical insulation.

During construction country houses and cottages at the planning stage to increase the service life and reliability of the foundation, do not forget about carrying out its processing with high-quality layers of waterproofing materials. Currently, there are many ways to perform this procedure, but one of the most effective is penetrating waterproofing of the foundation.

Features of waterproofing materials

Processing the foundation of the house is necessary to ensure the durability of concrete and prevent premature destruction from the harmful effects of moisture.

However, most modern waterproofing materials have a porous structure, which makes them vulnerable to environmental factors.

The most resistant building materials: natural stone or concrete, under prolonged exposure to moisture can crack and collapse, which subsequently negatively affects the entire erected structure.

Possible base protection technologies and their characteristics

Currently, there are many ways to perform waterproofing at home, each of which has its own individual set of advantages and disadvantages. In order not to be mistaken in choosing the best option, one should take into account the functional characteristics of each of them.

By the degree of direction protective properties waterproofing is:

vertical type (installation work is carried out, as a rule, on the ground part of the base to ensure protection vertical walls);
horizontal type (provides for the production of a protective layer around the perimeter of the entire foundation, including the lower elements).

By the type of materials used as a fundamental principle:

bituminous mastic;
liquid rubber filler;
plaster.

In addition, there is a classification of waterproofing according to the direction of action: penetrating, screen and roll.

The choice of this or that option depends on the functional purpose of the building being built, the natural and climatic characteristics of the area, as well as the type and structure of the soil on which the construction is planned.

Installation of a horizontal waterproofing layer

The presented type of waterproofing of the house is planned at the stage of marking the base, since its functional purpose is due to protection from the harmful effects of moisture on the lower structural elements.

Along with this, the arrangement of such waterproofing will perfectly play the role of a high-quality drainage system that will evenly drain excess water.

The construction of the said protective layer takes up a significant amount of time resources, on the order of 10-12 days, however, the use of horizontal waterproofing is the only way to protect the lower side of the foundation.

The question of using this type at high boundaries of groundwater is especially acute, since it is due to the formed drainage cushion that the erected base will function reliably for a long period of time.

The most effective horizontal type when erecting strip foundation with large area contact with the ground, however, it is possible to use it with other types of bases.

Installation technology

Roofing material is one of the best insulating materials

In progress installation works the following sequence of actions should be followed:

At the bottom of the prepared pit, depending on the type of soil, a 30-40 cm layer of sand or fine crushed stone is poured. The equipped platform is compacted with high quality.
On top of the formed substrate, a concrete screed is poured with a layer thickness of 10-15 cm.
After waiting for the period of complete hardening of the concrete, we proceed to the processing of the resulting surface with mastic and the subsequent laying of layers of rolled roofing material.
We carry out the activities described in the previous paragraph, after which we begin to equip the foundation itself.

Waterproofing with plaster

The most popular method of installing waterproofing is based on the filling of the finishing layer. With development modern technologies special additives were added to the putty, which increase the duration of the functioning of such a coating and give it high performance characteristics.

The advantages of plaster waterproofing include:

moderate cost;
simple and quick installation;
no need to use special tools and equipment.

However, like any building material, a limestone and sand-based solution has a number of disadvantages:

low indicators of waterproofing;
short service life;
due to the weakness of the primary principle in front of moisture, soon after placement (1-2 years), cracks and chips appear, which must be regularly lubricated in order to avoid more intense destruction.

Installation of plaster is carried out by preparing a solution and then applying it to the prepared surface with a spatula or a rule.

Screen creation

One of the new ways of arranging waterproofing, involving the installation concrete slabs or clay-filled mats. The installation of the protective material is carried out using dowel nails.

The fundamental difference between the fastening of mats and slabs lies in their fixation. In the first case, the protective material is overlapped with a margin of 10-15 cm, and in the second - butt-to-joint with subsequent coating of the seams.

Due to its high density, the clay material provides high protection against moisture penetration and does not require periodic repairs. The advantages of such insulation are a long period of operation and the possibility of using it on any soil.

Penetrating waterproofing

Penetrating waterproofing of the foundation is a relatively new procedure using cement-based products, the principle of which is based on the spraying of special, already prepared mixtures. Presented group building materials due to the presence of an aqueous component in its composition, it endows the solution with the ability to penetrate into the porous structure of concrete.

Subsequently, when solidifying, excess moisture is removed during chemical reactions, and the capillaries of the processed material are reliably clogged, forming a sparingly soluble film along the perimeter of the entire surface.

Advantages:

durability;
ease of application;
no need to prepare a solution;
the possibility of processing basements and basements.

Before performing work, the surface to be treated should be prepared (cleaned from dirt and dust). Having finished with this procedure and letting the walls dry, we spray the solution. Due to the use of a sprayer, a special composition penetrates 10-15 cm deep into concrete bases, providing a reliable waterproofing effect.

To ensure high-quality waterproofing, it is recommended to apply at least two layers of protective agent.

Liquid rubber filler

Hot rubber - effective remedy when arranging waterproofing of the foundation or basement of the house. Significant disadvantages of this method are excessively high cost and the need to use special equipment for application.

Advantages:

long period of operation;
solid surface;
coverage reliability;
resistance to temperature extremes;
easy installation.

Liquefied rubber, depending on the class and density, is best placed in several layers: the first is rough (its purpose is to fill the voids of the porous base materials) and the second is the finishing one (to form an external monolithic protective layer). The spraying process is carried out using special equipment. The only drawback of such devices is the high consumption of the protective composition.

Watch the video how the base is insulated with liquid rubber.

Waterproofing with mastic

One of the most economical options for protecting the foundations of a house, the features of which include:

the possibility of using in regions with a temperate climate, since at high temperatures this material can melt, and at low temperatures it can crack;
need to maintain high temperature when applied to surfaces;
melting point from 60 ° C.

The defining advantages of mastic are:

ease of application of layers and reliability of the coating due to the elasticity of the composition;
blocking the pores of concrete surfaces from moisture ingress;
low pricing policy.

Before purchasing bitumen mastic, it is advisable to study its composition for the presence of impurities in it that increase resistance to various temperature extremes. In addition, attention should be paid to the duration of operation and the possibility of using it as a waterproofing material.

The named method of protection is recommended to be used when erecting foundations on soils with a low boundary of groundwater. It is better to apply the mastic to the prepared base with a hard brush in several layers. Each subsequent layer should be covered after the previous one has completely dried.

Roll view

The presented type of waterproofing provides for the use roll materials: roofing felt, a combination of fiberglass and polyester, as well as a biostable top coat waterproofing. Arrangement of waterproofing with the presented means allows you to best protect the foundation from moisture penetration due to the integrity and optimal density of raw materials.

Advantages of roll materials:

moderate pricing policy;
high degree of protection;
long period of operation.

In terms of the degree of efficiency, the named materials differ little from each other, therefore, roofing material is widely used due to its cheapness.

Watch the video on modern base insulation materials.

Rolls can be mounted both vertically and horizontally. In most cases, to increase the degree of security support element it is usually pre-coated with a layer of mastic. During installation, the material is heated by a burner, after which it is fixed on the surface. Due to this feature, a reliable connection and a high fit are ensured.

The most rational way to place roofing felt panels is horizontal installation, since the placement of each of the layers with an overlap forms, ultimately, a kind of "ladder" along which the water is withdrawn.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to answer the question of whether foundation waterproofing is needed. A well-made and protected base is the key to the durability and reliable functioning of the entire structure. Moisture has a strong destructive effect and is one of the most active detrimental factors of the external environment, therefore it is better to secure yourself and your home in advance by ensuring reliable protection of the supports of the house.

The destructive action of moisture is prevented by waterproofing the strip foundation during the entire service life of the house. The materials used, the methods of their application, the durability of the protection can be different.

The choice is made taking into account the whole complex of conditions construction site- geology, climate, building density, neighboring buildings.

Protection from natural factors

Engineering-geological study of the site in conjunction with the characteristics climatic zone will set the value of seasonal fluctuations in the groundwater level (GWL).

The depth is conventionally divided into two values:

Above 2 m (high);
Below 2 m (low).

During floods, abundant melting of snow, after heavy rains, the water level in the ground can rise up to 2 meters higher. Seasonal fluctuations should be accounted for in the worst possible values.

The influence of water bodies is felt at a distance of over 1 km from the place where the facility is built. The necessary waterproofing of the strip foundation with your own hands is performed already if the distance from its lower boundary to groundwater does not exceed 1 m.

Prospective account of changes

An important step in choosing waterproofing before starting work is to make an amendment for the future, to look a little further after the house is built. The hydraulic component can be influenced by:

An increase in support pressure due to the dense construction of the site. The water will rise;
Long-term cycle of changes in water saturation of reservoirs;
Changing the drainage system of neighboring areas (including the arrangement of water collectors, dams, wells);
Violation of the movement of high groundwater (creating a monolithic obstacle in front of the flow in the ground on slopes) due to the new construction of houses with buried strip foundations.

Types of waterproofing

Moisture comes to the surface of the poured monolith from above (precipitation), from the sides, from below. It is necessary to make a barrier to absorption in two directions:

Horizontal. Rolled materials cut off the capillary rise from the foundation to the walls, from the pillow to the concrete. The blind area must be made to prevent water seepage from the soil surface to the concrete of the outer part of the foundation. For this purpose, a screed with a slope of 2 ÷ 3 ° should protrude beyond the roof cut by at least 0.3 m.Drainage removes incoming water, prevents it from seeping through the bedding of the monolithic base of the house and serves in tandem with the blind area, but at a deepened level ...
Vertical. Prevents groundwater seepage into the foundation structure. Capillary insulation prevents water from entering the concrete, free-flow insulation protects against seasonal fluctuations in water saturation of layers, anti-pressure insulation prevents the penetration of groundwater.

Doubts about the need for insulation arise at the stage, followed by pouring unburied tapes directly into a trench dug in dry soil. The presence of the cushion ensures a break in front of the rising drops of moisture. If the mortar is placed in a mold covered with foil, the foundation of the built house will stand for a long time.

Horizontal waterproofing should be done in accordance with SNiP 3.04.01-87. The procedure for waterproofing work for the foundation of the house is established by SNiP 3.04.01-87, SNiP 2.03.11-85, SNiP 3.04.03-85

Separation by application method

Depending on the consistency of the material, the application method can be:

coating;
spraying;
pasting;
impregnation;

Methods performed by certified professionals:

injection;
shielding.

If capillary rise of moisture prevails on the surface of the house, located underground, then coating, spraying, bitumen or polymer compounds (liquid rubbers) is made. The mastic is in the hot / cold state - it depends on the composition.

Roll materials (films, geotextiles, roofing felt) are glued with an overlap on the surface prepared before, with heating after a burner, rolling out air bubbles with a roller.

Impregnating compositions penetrate deeply into the structure of monolithic concrete (blocks) and create a water-repellent layer of vertical insulation from water of sufficient thickness.

If a basement, cellar, basement is built in the house, waterproofing of the vertical walls of the tape, after hardening, must be done.

The injection method is used as a repair measure for cracked or hollow bases. The method is expensive, but sometimes the only possible one, if there is no technical access to the surface to be repaired, there is deep damage to the supporting belt of the house after it is built.

Shielding is an expensive, rarely used method. It consists in the installation of a protective casing made of special mats or plates.

Material selection

Qualities polymer material from which the foundation tape is waterproofed:

Water repellency (hydrophobicity);
Water resistant structure;
Elasticity, adhesion after application to a rough surface;
Adhesion to concrete;
Manufacturability (easy enough to undergo processing, installation under construction conditions, the ability to connect into a solid surface after soldering or gluing);
Durability in the ground with multiple temperature fluctuations.

The most common brush coating materials are bituminous mastics. Do-it-yourself application allows you to thoroughly fill all the pores of the surface with a fluid composition.

Cover all parts in 3-4 layers, allowing them to dry for a day at each stage. The advantages include the ability to independently perform work, the maintainability of any individual site, and the availability of material.

With a hot method of application, it is necessary to observe safety measures, use personal protective equipment.

Use of dry plaster mixes with hydrophobic additives for coating is possible if the composition is frost-resistant. However, even under favorable conditions, cracking occurs after 10-15 years, requiring repair. The hydraulic resistance is not high.

Mounting material

If you apply roll materials, then you can't manage it yourself. Assistants are invited to this stage. SNiPs are allowed to use:

fiberglass;
polyvinyl chloride film;
brizol;
hydroisol (hydrostekloizol);
polyisobutylene.

When spraying liquid rubber, you must not only be able to use a spray, but also cover the resulting surface of the lower part of the house with a geo-style to protect the entire area. Can also be applied with a brush.

The materials are glued from top to bottom. The vertical rows must be made with a 0.4 m junction at the seam joints. At the next stage, the corners are armored, after the vertical walls are closed, with the same sheet, with an overlap of 0.2-0.3 m in each direction. Flame burners, bottled propane and protective equipment are used.

Watch the video on how to waterproof a strip base.

Liquid rubber is not stored in the finished state. It is necessary to calculate how much will be used immediately when you open the package or mix the two-component composition. A primer is needed under the rubber.

The service life will be 50-70 years.

Important points

According to GOST 12.3.009, the following rules must be observed:

The maximum moisture content of the poured concrete is not more than 4%;
Waterproofing from sprayed or paint compounds is carried out after the primer has completely dried;
The thickness of the waterproofing layer is between 0.3 cm and 0.6 cm.

If the house is built close to the groundwater level, it is necessary to carry out gumming work (SNiP 3.04.03-85). The protection is made up of rubber sheets and vulcanized at the joints.

How to drain

If there is a high groundwater level, heaving soil, the horizontal waterproofing of a part of the house includes a drainage system.

Watch the video on how to properly install the drainage of the strip base.

Drainage happens:

Annular. Distance 5-8 m from walls in the form of a solid or open circle.
Wall mounted. The distance from the walls is equal to the width of the foundation. The depth is no more than its depth.
Reservoir. The pipes are laid under the building area.

Branch pipes are placed in a water-permeable filler (coarse gravel, sand) and taken out into a drain tank, which must be built outside the site.

Moisture penetrating into the basement and basement creates unfavorable conditions in the living quarters located on these floors. With capillary penetration into the body of a concrete monolith of a strip foundation, moisture in winter, freezing and expanding at the same time, contributes to the destruction of concrete. The humidity of the foundation also leads to corrosion of metal reinforcement, which also does not contribute to the strength and reliability of the building foundation. For the full and long-term functioning of the underground part of the structures, it is necessary to ensure it even when laying the foundation reliable protection from the destructive influence of moisture, underground groundwater and the effects of moisture penetrating from the upper layers of the soil.

Correctly executed waterproofing of the strip foundation is designed to protect it from moisture.

Types of foundation waterproofing

Waterproofing methods 2:

Horizontal is used when groundwater is deep enough and there is no direct contact of the foundation with it. Serves to cut off the capillary rise of moisture from the foundation tape to the foundation wall. Horizontal waterproofing includes different kinds drainage of water from the building - construction of a blind area and drainage.
The vertical one ensures the waterproofing of the strip foundation walls. Non-pressure vertical waterproofing protects against seasonal rise of groundwater and atmospheric precipitation; capillary - from moisture ingress into the concrete monolith; anti-pressure is designed to resist the hydrostatic action of groundwater.

Depending on the method of execution, they are divided into:

coating (mastic) - is performed in the form of coating with hot and cold bitumen or polymer compositions;
pasting - insulation with roll materials (geotextiles, roofing felt, films);
spraying - spray coating;
impregnating - used in the processing of blocks and slabs with various compositions that penetrate into the porous structure of concrete and give them the necessary waterproofing qualities.

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Waterproofing the strip foundation when laying

When waterproofing under a building, it is performed in several stages.
At the initial level, for the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to make a cushion of sand-gravel mixture or a layer of lean concrete.

At the bottom of the trench dug under the foundation, a mixture of sand and gravel is poured, carefully rammed and leveled. The layer thickness can be up to 20-30 cm.
A concrete screed up to 5-8 cm thick is laid on the sand layer.After the screed has dried (up to 2 weeks), its surface is treated with bitumen mastic or molten bitumen and a layer of roofing material is laid, bitumen is again applied and then another layer of roofing material. After that, make another 5-8 cm of concrete screed.
After that, the foundation is erected, its surfaces are insulated using vertical types of waterproofing.

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Waterproofing the foundation after its construction

Vertical insulation is possible both at the stage of foundation construction and after the completion of the construction. The most common method is to completely process the entire foundation strip with molten bitumen or ready-made mastic purchased from a hardware store. Bitumen penetrates into the gaps of the concrete structure and, solidifying, creates a layer that protects the foundation from moisture penetration into the body of the monolith.

Vertical insulation can be done using roll materials or by spraying one- and two-component compounds such as Elastopaz or Elastomix, etc. materials from the category "liquid rubbers".

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Bituminous insulation

In order to make insulation with bitumen, you need:

Break a block of bitumen into smaller pieces and melt them in a refractory container (in a bucket above the fire) to a liquid state. When warming up bitumen, you can add a little used oil (automobile) to it.
Hot bitumen can be easily applied to all surfaces of the foundation in several layers (2-4 is sufficient). Bitumen should not solidify in the container: when reheated, it loses some of its properties.

Among the disadvantages of bitumen can be noted fragility (5-10 years of operation) and low water resistance of bitumen insulation. When backfilling with soil, the insulation can be damaged.

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Roll materials

To protect the foundation of the building from moisture, first of all, it is necessary to make the so-called blind areas. cement mortar; 2 - broken brick, tseben; 3 - clay; 4 - soil; 5 - gutter groove; 6 - foundation.

As a protection of the bituminous layer or as an independent type of waterproofing, it is possible to make pasting insulation with roll materials glued to the surface of the foundation using mastic or bitumen:

Treat foundation surfaces with molten bitumen or mastic. Unlike the coating type of waterproofing, here it is not fundamentally a thorough application of the bitumen layer, since it serves as a layer that ensures the attachment of the roll material to the foundation.
Roofing material is heated by heating with a burner and applied to the hot layer of bitumen coating. The joints are overlapped by 10-15 cm and treated with a torch for joining. Instead of roofing material, modern materials are also used, deposited in several layers on the surface of the foundation. These are polymer films and polyester cloth with bitumen-polymer spraying such as Technoelast, Isoelast, etc.
If it is not possible to use the burner, special mastics with adhesive properties are used.

The durability of such waterproofing reaches 50 years. Waterproofing using roll materials is considered the most reliable today.

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Liquid rubber is a modern material

The composition is a polymer-modified dispersion of bitumen particles in water. Among the merits modern material: odorless, non-flammable, non-toxic. Liquid rubbers can be applied even to damp surfaces and have good adhesion to all substrates. After drying, a waterproofing membrane forms on the treated surface.

The disadvantage of the coating is the same as with bituminous mastic: the surface can be damaged when. Therefore, after applying the composition with a spray gun or manually, it is recommended to additionally fix geotextiles or other material on the foundation (for example, expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation).

Applying a layer of liquid rubber requires preliminary priming with a special compound or diluted with water (1: 1) liquid rubber. After drying for 1 hour, 1-2 layers of liquid rubber are applied to the soil layer.

Waterproofing the strip foundation allows you to prevent the negative impact of moisture on the load-bearing parts of the house. Since the cement base has a high capillarity, the penetration of moisture into the interior will lead to oxidation of the reinforcement, which is fraught with distortions and shrinkage of the entire structure. In the article, we will consider the device of the strip foundation, as well as methods of waterproofing its main parts.

What is a strip foundation?

The device of the strip base is rather complicated, since the structure is a closed concrete contour located on a sand and gravel cushion. To strengthen the base, a reinforcing mesh is used, which consists of metal rods. The structure can be located directly on the ground or on piles, which take on the static load created by the building.

For what purposes is the waterproofing of the strip foundation done by hand? It should be borne in mind that the strength of the concrete base during operation will be destructively affected by sedimentary, ground and capillary waters. To prevent damage to building materials, it is necessary to implement a number of measures to drain water from the building. These include:

drainage system device;
laying a waterproofing pad;
hydraulic protection of the bearing parts of the structure (support piles, basement, formwork).

The main types of waterproofing

After installing the strip base, it is important to take care of "cutting off" moisture from the structure. To do this, various waterproofing materials are used, namely:

Lubricating - insulation is carried out using polymer or bituminous compounds that prevent moisture from penetrating into the foundation;
Roll - materials with good water-repellent properties are suitable for finishing the basement, pile-strip base (bearing supports), as well as waterproofing the foundation for a monolithic slab. The most popular among roll moisture insulators are roofing material, polyethylene film, geotextiles;
Sprayable - waterproofing agents are applied to concrete structures using spray guns. As a spray mixture, liquid solutions based on bitumen and polymer additives are used;
Impregnating - mixtures of a liquid consistency that easily penetrate into the structure of the concrete coating, filling all the pores. Thus, it is possible to prevent the ingress of moisture into the foundation and the destruction of the reinforcing mesh.

Horizontal water protection

Horizontal moisture insulation is a complex of construction work that prevents moisture penetration into concrete structures from underground. Waterproofing of this type is needed in the case of arranging any type of base:

tape;
monolithic;
pile;
pile and tape.

How is horizontal insulation done? To ensure reliable protection of the structure from the negative effects of groundwater, a nominal horizontal water protection is used. It literally "cuts off" moisture, which, due to the capillarity of the soil, rises to the concrete structures. For the high-quality implementation of work, it is necessary to do the following:

Take care of laying a waterproofing pad made of sand and gravel. The layer thickness must be at least 25 cm;
Make a concrete screed with a thickness of about 10 cm, then postpone the work until the cement has completely solidified (at least 12 days);
Then, a calculation is made to dilute the required amount of bituminous mastic, with which you need to process the concreted tape;
After that, the base is covered with roofing material in several layers;
Next, the installation of the formwork is carried out to fill the second layer of the screed;
At the final stage, it is planned to insulate the floor and lay the topcoat.

To understand how the horizontal waterproofing of concrete structures is done, you can watch a video clip, which describes the sequence of performing all the necessary work.

Vertical water protection

Vertical isolation of a structure from moisture involves the processing of exclusively vertical parts of the structure, in particular, the basement, piles, etc. This procedure is recommended if there is a basement in the house. Thus, it is possible to prevent excess moisture from entering the underground room, from where it can penetrate into the basement of the first floor of the building.

How is the vertical waterproofing of concrete structures done? In this case, to ensure the water-repellent properties of the foundation, you can use different methods processing:

plastering;
pasting with roll insulators;
spraying with bituminous compounds.

But before making a calculation of the materials required for insulation, it is worth choosing the best option for waterproofing. Experts recommend using two methods of waterproofing at once: coating and pasting. How to do it? If there is a filed in the building, the progress will be as follows:

First thing work surface it is necessary to coat with bituminous mastic;
After that, paste over the basement floor for the basement with technoelast (a kind of roofing material);
When calculating roll materials, please note that they must overlap with a margin of at least 15 cm;
To seal the seams, melt them with a gas torch, causing adjacent sheets to stick together.

The device and nuances of processing a strip foundation with vertical waterproofing are shown in the video material.

Features of insulation of the foundation and basement with roofing material

Waterproofing of a monolithic foundation is most often done with roofing material. It can be used both independently and in combination with bituminous solutions. When covering a concrete structure with roofing material, several important rules must be observed:

Moisture insulation under the slab begins with the application of a bituminous solution;
The calculation of the amount of roofing material is needed taking into account an overlap of 15 cm;
After that, with the help of a gas burner, the insulator is softened and placed on the working elements of the structure;
When carrying out waterproofing work to finish the foundation under a monolithic slab, you can use special mastics to seal the joints.

Moisture insulation of the structure with roofing material should be made using only high-quality materials. Ezoelast and tezchnoelast insulators are considered optimal for protecting the concrete base. The process of laying materials is clearly demonstrated in the video clip.

Moisture insulation of the pile-strip base

How to make insulation correctly in case of arranging a pile-strip foundation? The absence of a filing suggests additional processing not of the basement floor of the structure, but of the bearing concrete parts themselves - the piles. It is they who take the maximum static load created by the weight of the structure itself.

What is the purpose of protecting the pillars? Under the influence of moisture, the supports begin to collapse over time due to corrosive processes occurring in the reinforcement of the pillars. To prevent skewing and subsidence of the base, additional waterproofing of the bearing parts is required. How to protect a strip pile foundation without a basement?

Bored piles. Bored supports are concrete pillars reinforced with metal reinforcement. As a rule, they are installed in casing pipes, which do not provide the proper level of protection against the influence of moisture. In the process of erecting the structure, it is advisable to insert roofing material into the wells for the racks, which will play the role of formwork and waterproofing;
Screw piles. The elements of the concrete structure are represented by steel screws that are screwed into the ground. To protect them from corrosion, the spiral legs of the piles are treated with hydrophobic anti-corrosion solutions;
Driven piles. Supports in this case are represented by reinforced concrete or wooden pillars. To protect them, you need antiseptic and anti-corrosion treatment. Special impregnation and coating with bitumen will not be superfluous.

Does a sand cushion need moisture protection?

What are the functions of a sand bed foundation? An embankment of sand and gravel, which is often made during the laying of tape bases, performs two tasks at once:

Cuts off water from the structure;
Promotes even load distribution.

Stacking the pillow is a prerequisite when building a basement in a house. As a rule, it is in this room that it is quite damp, which creates all the conditions for the accumulation of condensate under the floor and the growth of the fungus. Is waterproofing of the pillow necessary in this case?

If the building itself is installed on a soil with strong heaving, in the process of laying a sand cushion, it is necessary to calculate the required amount of a waterproofer. It is laid on a layer of sand and gravel, which violates the capillarity and the flow of moisture from the ground into the concrete structure.

Formwork moisture insulation

To answer the question of whether a formwork needs water protection or not, consider its main functions. The design is designed to limit the space into which the concrete solution will be poured to form the foundation. In other words, main function formwork - the design of a liquid solution, which, when solidified, forms the required geometric shape.

For the assembly of the formwork, as a rule, wooden panels are used, which are hygroscopic. Because of this, structural elements can deform, which will lead to distortion of the geometric shapes of the poured concrete base. In this case, the answer to the above question becomes obvious: water protection for the formwork is really necessary.

What types of insulators are used for finishing the formwork? To protect wooden formwork elements, the following can be used:

bituminous solutions;
hydrophobic impregnation;
water-repellent varnishes;
roll insulators.

When calculating the amount of waterproofers consumed, it is worth noting that for processing the formwork the most budget option will be painted with bitumen.

Is insulation necessary for the strip foundation?

Why are concrete structures insulated? There are three main reasons why it is necessary to insulate tape bases.