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2015-02-16, 10:06

Features of Leningrad system Installation of the system

Leningradka is a single pipe scheme, and it has both pros and cons. Let's analyze them in detail, and you will decide whether it suits you or not.

This heating scheme is carried out both horizontally and vertically.

With a vertical design, the coolant is supplied from the top. For this, an upper circuit is made, located either in the attic, or in the wall above the heating radiators, and already from it the risers go down, to which the radiators are connected.

V multi-storey buildings such a scheme justifies itself, but in one thing - two-storey houses it is better to make a horizontal Leningrad, which we will take apart by the bones.

The Leningrad horizontal heating scheme is preferable in cases where the pipe is laid (hidden) in the wall.

It is done, as I said, on one pipe, metal or polypropylene, but not metal-plastic.

A pipe comes out of the Supply section of the collector, the inlet and outlet of the radiator are connected to it, then the next radiator (I made up to 8 pieces), and after passing the last one, it returns to the collector to the Return section.

Features of Leningrad

First, about the pros, since they are much more significant.

1. Cheapness. Radiators are powered from one pipe. Direct savings in the quantity and cost of the pipe and the heat insulator in which it is packed.

2. Profitability. The coolant for such a line needs relatively less, and to maintain a given temperature, less gas is required.

3. Comparatively easier installation... When installing into a wall, the groove is made for only one pipe. This is much easier and again saving on a heat insulator, since in addition to insulating the pipe, the strobe is also insulated along the inner surface.

I know that the insulation of the strobe is often not done, but I also know how the turnip is then scratched: and why it is interesting that the temperature drops in one area.

And it can fall because under the plaster in the masonry of the wall there are through channels or cracks are formed in exterior plaster, or mice will eat through the outer insulation.

And since the chipping violates the internal plaster, cold bridges appear, which form condensation on the pipe and cool it, even if it is in thermal insulation.

Take seriously the insulation of the heating main, whether it is in the wall, in the floor, or under the ceiling in a plasterboard box.

Otherwise, you will get cracks in the parquet or on the ceiling, insufficiently warm radiators, excessive consumption of gas and condensate where it is not needed ..

Now about the cons. The disadvantage of the Leningrad heating scheme is the need and complexity of balancing.

The first radiators, after turning on the heating or after increasing the set temperature, receive more heat than the last, which means they will be hotter.

Gradually, the temperature in the radiators is leveled, but it is better to make sure that they warm up and cool down equally at once.

To do this, after starting the heating, after waiting 10-15 minutes, you need to gradually tighten the valves of the first radiators until the heating becomes uniform.

This case does not tolerate haste, and is often delayed, so I refer balancing to cons of Leningrad.

System installation

For a circuit for 4-5 radiators, the diameter of the line is Ø25, the diameter of the bends and bypass is Ø20, and for the circuit of 6-8 batteries, it is better to take the line Ø32, the bends and the bypass are Ø25, otherwise balancing will be problematic.

The bypass (a narrowed section of the line between the taps to the radiators) ensures the flow of the coolant into the radiators, the removal of a separate battery, without disconnecting the line and carrying out balancing.

The bypass with taps is made separately, after which it is welded into the main line.

The distance between the taps is calculated and made with a tolerance of ± 2 mm so that when corner valves with an American are welded to them, a radiator would fit exactly between these valves.

For pulling up an American woman, you will have an allowable backlash of 1-2 millimeters, exceeding which it will skew and flow.

To get the exact size, take a radiator, screw the angle valves with combined couplings into it, and measure the distance between the centers of the couplings.

Then we weld tees to the branches, and to one tee bypass. The second tee is already made exactly to size, and the size is taken between the centers of the bends, and in addition, we note the size of the bypass fit into the tee.

What are the nuances when welding this unit.

The biggest mistake in this work is the internal influx. Read more about this in the article Welding polypropylene.

Do not rely on a pump built into the heating system. They say we will put a pump, and it will drive everything everywhere.

To drive it out, he, of course, will drive it away, but if half of the bore diameter is closed by an influx, then the coolant, even under pressure, will prefer to slip along another clean line available on the manifold.

And you can't put a pump on each line - it's expensive, and again there are problems with balancing

Likewise, less heat will go into the outlet half, or even a quarter closed by the influx, than into a clean passage.

If the influx closes part of the line after the first or second radiator, then in the third and fourth the temperature will become noticeably lower.

So beware of sagging and test every connection you make.

If an influx has formed, it is better to redo it right away than to pick the wall later.

When the element is ready, we hang the radiator with angle valves and combined couplings in place, put a bypass with outlets in the groove, measure the required length of the outlets, cut off the excess, remove the combined couplings and weld to the outlets.

Then we assemble the assembly, and the radiator and valves and bypass, install it in place and bring the line to this part, make marks for welding on it, after which we disconnect and remove the radiator and valves.

In the pictures, I have not yet installed the couplings, but it is better to weld it right away.

Now we weld the bayas and the main line, but before that we must determine which end to weld first. It happens that, having welded one edge, it is not possible to insert a soldering iron from the second, between the tee and the pipe.

So be sure to figure out which part you will connect first, and how you will connect the second later.

After that, we will deal with thermal insulation and fastening. You can isolate anyone with whatever you like. The main thing is that the line loses as little heat as possible.

There was a lot of 3 mm foam on this object, so I made two layers, one with a reflector inward to the pipe, the other outward. I had to tinker, but I reduced heat loss to a minimum.

Before fastening the pipe, we again hang the radiators, assemble them "live", and fasten the line in the strobe. I wrote about how to fix pipes in the article.

Then the areas adjacent to the batteries are additionally and finally fixed with plaster, after which the radiators are removed before finishing finishing. The valves remain to test the line for leaks.

Perhaps you will have more questions about the heating scheme of Leningrad and not only - ask in the comments.

I wish you success in your work.

The heating system of a private house Leningradka is an independent one-pipe heating system, which is one of the easiest to implement. This allows, with minimal skills, equipment, tools and materials, to install it in a private house by a home craftsman or with your own hands.

With this scheme, you can independently choose temperature regime each heated room. It also has other advantages, which will be discussed below. Below in the photo you can see what a heating battery looks like, connected according to this scheme.

Types and types of one-pipe heating system "Leningradka"

Depending on the installation scheme, heating of Leningradka is of two types:

Horizontal;

Vertical.

By the principle of coolant circulation:

With natural circulation (gravitational,);
With forced circulation (with pump installation).

By type of coolant:

Aquatic;
Antifreeze.

The heating scheme of Leningradka is:

Open;
Closed.

A closed-type heating system with vertical distribution and natural circulation can be implemented in buildings with a height of no more than 30 m, for example, as.

Wiring diagram

The principle by which the wiring is carried out in a one-pipe system is based on the sequential arrangement of heating devices on one main pipeline - a riser.

Components of the circuit

"Leningradka" includes the following constituent elements:

Gas boiler;
Expansion tank;
Heating radiators;
Pipes (of various diameters for the riser and piping).

Additional system elements:

Valves - balancers;
Thermostatic valves;
Ball Valves;
Bypasses.

Horizontal one-pipe heating system

The heating scheme in a private house with horizontal wiring is implemented in different options... The line is laid either in the floor space, or runs directly along the floor slab.

If the line is laid in the floor, then heat loss is possible. To avoid them, it is necessary to insulate the pipes. Naturally, when laying pipes inside the floor, it is necessary to carefully calculate the entire scheme at the project stage.

Important!
The supply pipe must be installed with a slope. This will allow the coolant to circulate unhindered (with a gravitational stacking scheme).
Heating devices (radiators and radiators) are mounted on the same level.
On each of them, a Mayevsky crane should be installed, which will serve to remove air from the heating system.

Vertical one-pipe heating system

A vertical wiring scheme works much more efficiently if a circulation pump is included in it. Forced circulation of the coolant will make it possible to achieve a sufficiently rapid heating even with a smaller diameter of the main pipeline.

When calculating the vertical gravity diagram, larger diameter pipes must be provided in order to ensure sufficient throughput of the entire heating system. In this case, the installation should be carried out at a slight angle so that the circulation of water in the riser is better.

Installation procedure

Do-it-yourself Leningradka is installed quite simply, subject to the installation sequence:

A pipe with a diameter of one and a half to two inches fits around the perimeter of the room from the boiler;
A technological tie-in is made directly at the boiler, where the vertical line will then be welded;
An expansion tank is attached to this segment from the very top;
After that, the batteries and radiators are connected.

A video of the installation of one-pipe heating can be viewed here:

The advantages of "Leningradka"

Simplicity and availability;
Price;
Cheapness and purchase of individual elements;
Repair suitability.

Important! When installing radiators in all rooms, the last heating devices in the chain must have a larger heat transfer area (batteries must have more sections). This will improve the heating of the room.

Disadvantages of "Leningrad"

For self-installation, you need welding machine and the ability to use it (if the main pipeline is made of steel pipes);
It is necessary to provide for the possibility of increasing the pressure inside the system to improve the circulation of the coolant;
The impossibility of using horizontal heated towel rails and systems of the "warm floor" type;
Some non-aesthetics in the interior of the room (due to external large-diameter pipes);

Limitations on the total length of the chain or riser;
The need to check the tightness of the joints at the welding site after installation.
This scheme makes it possible to "upgrade" the system during operation;
When connecting bypasses - bypass pipes with taps or valves - it becomes possible to replace and repair individual batteries without turning off the heating, right during operation;

Modernization of "Leningradka"

The ability to save heat consumption by limiting heat transfer in non-residential or temporarily unused premises;
The ability to heat better those premises where there is a need for this (children's room, etc.);
After modernization, such a scheme makes it possible to regulate and change the heating temperature of each device in it, without consequences for the rest of the elements connected to the system.

conclusions

Heating a private house with your own hands, assembled according to the "Leningrad" scheme, is a good solution from many points of view. First, it is easy to implement and maintain. Secondly, it can be upgraded during operation. Thirdly, Leningradka as a heating system works reliably even in the absence of a sufficiently modern infrastructure.

One-pipe heating system leningradka with diagonal connection.

When planning the construction of a private house, the future owner immediately thinks about what type of heating to choose. Today, there are a great many varieties of heating systems, and the main problem is that the price / quality ratio matches your wishes and capabilities.

If the financial side of the issue is of decisive importance to you, and the house is not higher than two floors, you should pay attention to heating system called Leningrad. There is no unequivocal opinion about the origin of this term, so it remains to assume that the city on the Neva has made a certain contribution to the development of this unpretentious and reliable scheme.

What is a Leningradka heating system?

This is a one-pipe system of the simplest type, in which the heating devices are connected in series with each other. This means that the coolant passes in turn from one radiator to another (from the first to the last) and returns to the boiler along the same pipe along which it began its journey. An analogy with electrical circuit serial connection, where all the elements in a particular section follow one after another, without forming any nodes and branches.

The Leningrad heating system is used exclusively in low-rise construction (no more than 2 low floors). This is due to the fact that with a sequential scheme, an increased hydraulic resistance arises, and the temperature of the coolant steadily decreases from radiator to radiator, which, with a large number of heating devices, inevitably leads to a significant temperature difference between the initial and final sections. This problem is to speed up the passage of the coolant through the heating circuit.

The simplicity of Leningrad does not mean that it should be devoid of regulating equipment and control devices... They, of course, increase the cost of the project, but significantly expand functionality systems in terms of creating the proper level of comfort and safety. In particular, features such as:

temperature control in a separate room;
dismantling of any radiator (for repair or replacement) without shutting down the entire system by laying bypasses with shut-off valves;
automatic control and maintenance of the required pressure in the heating circuit.

Mounting options

The Leningrad heating system in a private house can be either open or of the type, with or circulation (in the latter case, an insert of the circulation pump will be required). Installation of the system is possible in two ways: horizontal and vertical. It is clear that the first is suitable only for one-story buildings, but if there are more floors, then you will have to resort to a more complex vertical scheme.

With horizontal wiring, the main pipeline is laid parallel to the floor plane, either along the walls or under the floor covering. In the case of an open system with natural circulation, it is desirable to provide a slope of the supply line in the direction of the radiators, and place the radiators themselves at the same level.

Vertical wiring assumes forced circulation of the coolant. Otherwise, a very accurate calculation of the slopes and diameters of the pipes will be required - it is easier to install the pump and, as they say, “do not take a steam bath”.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any heating system, the Leningrad heating system has its positive and negative sides. The pluses include:

low cost due to savings in materials and installation costs;
great opportunities for reconstruction and modernization - making constructive changes will not be burdensome either in time or in money.

The Leningrad heating system was developed during the Soviet era, but it is still very popular today. The main reason for the enduring popularity is the ease of installation (even home master). To organize this system, you will need a boiler, an expansion tank, pipes, heating radiators and a circuit.

In individual construction, the Leningradka heating system is considered the most common.

It allows you to:

organize heating of any house;
significantly save on materials and installation works Oh;
regulate the temperature in each room.

In this article:

The principle of wiring the line is as follows: heating devices are sequentially placed on the heating circuit, through which the coolant flows from one to the other.

Scheme of the "Leningrad" heating system

From the boiler, the coolant enters the supply pipe, which passes through all the rooms, and then returns back to the boiler. In other words, the “Leningrad” scheme is a closed loop through which the coolant goes through a full cycle.

Radiators are installed in every room and connected to the supply pipe. The number of radiators will depend on the size of the room.

The Leningradka system can operate both with forced circulation of the coolant and with natural circulation. Forced circulation involves the installation and use of a circulation pump. With natural circulation, you can use a circuit without a pump.

In addition, modern requirements for heating systems imply the use of various valves and the installation of control devices.

Of course, all this leads to an increase in the cost of the "Leningrad" system, but without them, the efficiency of the system is sharply reduced.

Thanks to the installation of modern components and devices, you can get the following benefits:

temperature control in each individual room;
increase or decrease in the temperature of a single radiator without damage to others;
the ability to turn off a separate radiator to repair or replace it (while the rest of the radiators will work as usual).

Video

From this educational video you will learn how the one-pipe heating system "Leningradka" works in apartment building... Why is it important to install a bypass when replacing old radiators with new ones.

Installation features

"Leningradskaya" distribution of the heating system has, as a rule, horizontal layout... With her self-assembly certain nuances should be taken into account, namely:

Laying of main pipes is carried out in the plane of the floor: either above the floor or under the floor. When choosing the last option, it is necessary to additionally insulate the pipes. For an overview of materials for pipe insulation, see.
Pipes should be laid prior to laying the floor covering.
The supply line is installed at a slope towards the radiators, i.e. in the direction of movement of the coolant.
Radiators are installed strictly at the same level. A Mayevsky crane is installed on each radiator to remove air that has entered the system.

Vertical layout requires the installation of a circulation pump (forced circulation of the coolant). As practice has shown, without a pump this scheme practically does not work.

But the vertical scheme has plenty of advantages:

fast warming up of batteries;
the coolant is evenly distributed along the heating circuit, therefore, the temperature in the rooms will be almost the same;
for installation, pipes of a smaller diameter can be used, which saves on materials.

If the vertical scheme "Leningradka" will be mounted in one-story house, then you can use the natural circulation of the coolant, which will make the system completely non-volatile.

The only drawback of vertical wiring is a circulation pump, which requires money to purchase it and pay for electricity. By the way, the energy consumption of the circulation pump is minimal. Trouble can arise only in the event of a power outage in the house, since without it the circulation pump will not work.

When choosing a vertical scheme, it should be remembered that maximum distance from the boiler to the extreme radiator should not exceed 30 meters.

Advantages and disadvantages of "Leningradka"

Among the main advantages of the heating system, experts distinguish:

high efficiency. You can save not only on materials and installation of the system, but also on its subsequent system, since it does not require large labor costs for repairs.
availability of equipment and materials. A large assortment of heating boiler, pipes, regulating, controlling and shut-off valves is available in every specialized store.
simple installation and repair, if the need arises. Installation of the system is so simple that any homeowner can handle it. The main thing is to understand in detail the scheme of Leningrad and take into account certain nuances that were mentioned above.

With the right approach, the disadvantages of the system can be leveled:

In a system with natural circulation, an uneven distribution of the coolant occurs. In this situation, to achieve comfortable temperature in distant rooms, it is necessary to install or build additional sections on heating radiators.
When using horizontal piping, there is no possibility of arranging a warm floor and installing a heated towel rail.
For more effective work system as a whole, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the coolant. As a rule, a circulation pump is installed for this purpose.

Despite such significant shortcomings, the "Leningrad" heating system of a private house is still a huge success. This is due, first of all, to the minimum monetary and time costs for its arrangement.

With a competent approach and installation, "Leningradka" will cope with heating the house no worse than any other heating system.

When is it advisable to install wall-mounted boilers, what are the differences from floor models, rating of manufacturers. Let's figure it out together and make no mistake.

Overview of all available options for connecting heating radiators

Individual house-building is gaining popularity every year. Despite the instability of the economy in the country, people are trying to independently resolve the issue of buying their own home. From practice it became clear that this approach to solving the housing problem is optimal. But the heating issue square meters at home with minimal cost heating system installation is still very hot among happy homeowners.

To date, one of the simplest and most affordable heating system schemes is considered to be the "Leningrad" method meets all the requirements of modern home heating: it is highly efficient and economical with relatively simple installation and further maintenance. Plus, this type of heating has an independent connection, which abstracts it from the central heating main.

What is meant by "Leningrad"?

The heating system acquired this eccentric name thanks to the city of the same name, where it was first used to heat apartment buildings. It was developed during an acute shortage of living space in the former Soviet Union in order to save as much as possible on products of the pipe-rolling industry. However, since that time the heating circuit has been greatly modified and improved, although it retained all the main advantages that to this day attract a lot of homeowners who are trying not to spend much money on organizing heating their own home:

minimum amount of consumables;
ease of installation work, which is quite within the power to do it yourself;
availability of purchase of all components;
simplicity and low cost during operation.

At the heart of the arrangement modern heating"Leningrad" lies simplest principle connecting all heating devices in a sequential way with one pipeline through which the coolant will circulate. At the same time, having passed a full circle and leaving the farthest radiator, the cooled water again returns to the central unit - the boiler for reheating. Due to this, the coolant moves, which is used as hot water in a closed heating circuit. At the same time, in the process of water movement, it gives up its heat to the batteries, which warm the air in the room.

Fundamental features of the functioning of the "Leningrad"

As already mentioned, the Leningrad heating system wiring diagram implies a serial connection of all devices starting from the boiler. Therefore, the temperature readings at the inlet of the return pipe of the coolant return will be much lower than at the outlet of the supply pipeline. It is thanks to this temperature difference that water naturally circulates, according to the laws of physics, along the heating system circuit. At the same time, the one-pipe scheme "Leningrad", despite all the apparent simplicity, can be used even in two-storey buildings.

Since in the envisaged scheme it is possible to lay the pipeline below the level of the floor surface, it is necessary to worry about high-quality thermal insulation. If this issue is neglected, then the efficiency of the Leningrad heating system will significantly decrease and plus to everything, the structural elements of the floor will overheat greatly, since the temperature of the coolant in the pipe is quite high.

Pros and cons of the "Leningradka" heating scheme

The main advantages provided by the "Leningradka" heating system when organizing water heating of a room are: high efficiency, simple installation and maintenance. But unfortunately, such single-pipe heating systems are not without drawbacks:

But such disadvantages are inherent in the traditional one-pipe heating scheme, which does not use elements for regulating the supply of coolant to the radiators. Therefore, installing a bypass with a needle valve on each battery allows you to manually set the temperature of each individual radiator. This made it possible to achieve flexibility and economy in the regulation of the water heating system.

The improved and modified Leningradka heating system is considered an excellent choice for heating various premises. Therefore, its application will help create a simple and at the same time effective and inexpensive heating as country cottage, as well as a city apartment or a private house.

Methods for wiring heating "Leningradka"

When installing the Leningradka heating system, two methods of laying the main heating main are used - vertically or horizontally.

The vertical system is not used in multi-apartment buildings, since it design features do not allow individual accounting of the consumption of heat resources. In the case of private housing construction, it is more preferable for the simple reason that it has a greater heat transfer efficiency and, consequently, economy.

Heating "leningradka" - open wiring diagram

The open circuit of water heating "Leningradka" has an interesting feature - the sequential placement of all structural elements along the outer contour of the walls. The central unit of such a one-pipe system is a heating boiler, which is connected to the first battery through a supply riser. Then from the first radiator hot water enters the next element and so on until it passes through all the heating units throughout the house. After going through all the batteries, the cooled water is returned through the return pipe back to the boiler for reheating and everything is repeated anew, forming a closed cycle.

Due to the heating of water in the heating system, according to the laws of physics, it expands in volume. Therefore, to remove its excess, an expansion tank is installed in the circuit. Moreover, in an open heating system, such structural element connected to the air in the room through a special pipe. After the coolant has cooled down, it enters the system from the expansion tank again.

Very often to improve the efficiency of heating one-pipe system is equipped with circulation pump , which is installed in front of the boiler on the return pipe. Thanks to this addition, the heating rate of a private house, both one-story and two-story, increases significantly, since the coolant begins to circulate according to the forced principle.

To facilitate filling the heating system with water, a cold water supply pipeline is connected at the place where the return pipe passes through the locking mechanism and the purifying filter. Also, at the lowest point of the system, a drain pipe is mounted with a tap at the end. Such a device allows, if necessary, to drain the entire coolant from the system.

In private housing construction usually use standard radiators with the bottom connection diagram. Moreover, each battery for removing air jams is equipped with a Mayevsky crane. In addition, in private homes for the "Leningrad" is often used a sequential diagonal method of connecting batteries.

But, despite the popularity of such heating wiring schemes, they have a common significant drawback - they do not provide for regulation of the level of heat transfer each individual battery. To solve this problem, there is a radically different way to connect radiators.

To improve the operation of the heating system by adjusting the heat of each radiator, a parallel connection of all batteries to the riser is used. In this case, each heating device at the inlet and outlet is equipped with shut-off valves. Also, in the section of the riser parallel to the battery, which in such a situation acts as a bypass, a needle valve is mounted to adjust the intensity of the water flow through the heating battery. This was achieved thanks to the laws of physics, because when the locking mechanism is fully opened, the coolant will not flow up the battery, overcoming the force of gravity. This leads to the fact that with an increase in the valve opening degree, the temperature in the battery decreases.

Closed heating circuit "Leningradka"

The single-pipe wiring diagram of the Leningradka heating system is often performed in a closed version. Such heating of the house provides for the installation of an expansion membrane tank, due to which overpressure is created in the system. In most cases, its level is low, and reaches no more than 1.5 atmospheres. Plus, such a heating system must be equipped with a pressure gauge, an air vent and a safety system in the form of a valve.

The desire of many people to create in their private house a one-pipe heating system "Leningradka" is primarily due to the availability of purchase of all component parts, ease of installation and further maintenance and repair. The main thing is to calculate everything correctly and carry out the installation in accordance with the requirements for modern heating systems.