What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

The rocket furnace is widely known throughout as heating structure long burning on solid fuel. To achieve maximum efficiency I had to work hard. A liquid fuel stove is capable of giving up all its energy, but wood is more difficult to process. To reveal the full potential of wood, a chamber for post-combustion of gases was equipped in jet furnaces.

The Shirokov-Khramtsov rocket or jet furnace got its name not because of its connection with space. The point is in the shape of the device and the noise that is created during operation, reminiscent of the operation of a rocket. But this sound indicates that the oven is not being used correctly.

Types of rocket furnaces long burning:

• Portable (mobile);
• Stationary (for heating).

The most popular rocket model is the Robinson. It is often used on hikes. Thanks to the small portable apparatus, you can understand the principle of operation of the jet furnaces. The shape of the oven resembles the letter "L".

If the stove makes too much noise and hums during operation, then such a mode is ineffective and expensive. Normally, there should be a quiet sound, a little rustling.

The reactive furnace has a receiving hopper. This is the horizontal part of the pipe. In the channel itself, a thrust arises, it is this that affects the intensity of combustion, which heats the body. That is why it is advised to limit the supply of oxygen. Otherwise, the wood will quickly burn out and all the heat will evaporate.

The furnace is powered by a jet draft due to the natural flow of hot air. The higher the temperature of the furnace walls, the better the wood burns. This allows you to quickly heat water in a large container, which is indispensable for a road trip. If you equip the pipe with thermal insulation, then after warming up, thick logs can be burned.

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace: advantages, drawings, disadvantages

If desired conventional design ovens can be improved. So the potbelly stove loses a lot of heat, but by equipping the device with a water circuit or brickwork, you can solve these problems. For all these manipulations, drawings are made.

Advantages of jet furnaces:

1. Simple and budget-friendly design. You can use materials at hand, without significant financial costs. All work can be done by hand, special knowledge and skills are not required.
2. You can independently control the combustion by choosing the desired intensity.
3. High efficiency. In general, it all depends on the quality of the installation. The main thing is to take the maximum energy from the flue gases.

But such a simple and convenient design also has significant drawbacks. So you need to select a special fuel for the stove. Do not use damp wood, otherwise pyrolysis will not occur. The firebox may start to smoke profusely, and all gases will go into the house. In addition, the rocket furnace requires increased safety requirements.

The most popular portable model is the Robinson rocket furnace. It was modified and a grate was added.

Homemade jet furnaces do not use for heating a bath. They are ineffective in infrared light, which plays an important role in the steam room. Surface structures have a small heating area, so they cannot heat the bath.

Drawings of a jet furnace from a gas cylinder and other types

Long burning stoves are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile ovens used in hikes, picnics, in nature for heating and cooking. Stationary ones are used to heat a house, outbuildings, greenhouses, and a garage. At the same time, 4 types of structures are distinguished.

Types of jet furnaces:

• Homemade camping stove made of metal pipes, buckets, cans;
• Reactive design from a gas cylinder;
• Brick oven with a metal container;
• Stove with a stove bench.

The portable structure is equipped with pipe sections. The only difference concerns the installed ash pan. For the lower part, a grate can be used.

A device from a gas cylinder is more difficult to build, but significantly increases the efficiency. For the installation of the structure, a barrel or gas bottle... The firewood in the firebox burns out due to the oxygen inflow by loading through a special window.

Gases burn out in the pipe, which is located inside the structure, due to the supply of secondary air. The effect is enhanced by insulating the inner chamber. Hot air is placed in the hood, and then into the outer chamber. The combustion products are removed through the chimney.

To create a draft, the top of the chimney is placed 4 cm above the loading window.

The combined brick and metal model is a stationary structure. Due to its high heat capacity, the wood-burning stove stores and releases heat for several hours. That is why living quarters are heated with such a design.

The rocket unit with a stove bench is an improved device that is able to retain heat for longer. Since some of the heat comes out through the chimney, its length was increased. Due to the rapid excision of hot gases and a larger chimney, this problem was solved.

This is how massive stoves with a stove bench are obtained, which are similar to a sofa or bed. These are stationary devices made of brick or stone. Thanks to its unique design, the stove is able to retain heat throughout the night.

Diy drawings of the Ognivo stove and other models

It is best to make small portable structures with your own hands: the Ognivo and Robinson rocket. It is easy to perform the calculation, and the work will require trimming shaped pipes and metal welding skills. The dimensions may differ from the drawing, this is not a big deal. It is important to respect the proportions.

To increase the intensity of combustion, it is advised to add improvised nozzles to the structure. Secondary combustion air will be supplied there.

Stationary rocket ovens are made from a gas cylinder or metal barrel. These elements serve as a body. Inside, the stove is equipped with smaller pipes or fireclay bricks. From a cylinder, you can make both a stationary unit and a mobile one.

Continuous combustion furnace diagram:

• Chimney;
• Cap;
• Insulation;
• Loading hopper;
• Combustion zone;
• Afterburning zone.

It can be difficult to calculate a rocket furnace, because there is no exact method. You should pay attention to checked ready-made drawings. It is necessary to determine the size of the heating equipment for a particular room.

Assembling a jet furnace with your own hands for heating

Furnace construction starts with preparatory work... First you need to decide on the place of construction. It is chosen based on the requirements that relate to solid fuel structures: wood or coal.

When the place has been decided, it is necessary to properly prepare it for construction. The wooden floor under the stove is being dismantled. They dig a small pit and tamp the bottom.

In a small room, a jet oven is placed in the corner. The loading hopper occupies one side and the lounger the other.

The barrel or cylinder must also be prepared for installation. To do this, the lid and the tap are cut off from them. Then the structure is cleaned. Next, a solution is prepared.

Stages of construction of a jet furnace with a stove bench:

1. The bottom of the dug hole is laid out with fireclay bricks. Formwork is made along the contour of the recess. Reinforcement is performed.
2. The base is laid out and poured with concrete. A day later, when the concrete hardens, further work begins.
3. The base of the stove is laid out of fireclay bricks. Raise the side walls, make the lower channel.
4. The combustion chamber is covered with bricks. There are two holes on the sides. One is for the firebox, the second is for the vertical pipe (riser).
5. The metal body is equipped with a flange into which the horizontal channel of the stove will flow. All cables must be airtight and well sealed.
6. A side outlet is attached to the horizontal pipe, which serves as an ash pan.
7. A fire tube is made of bricks. As a rule, it is square.
8. The flame tube is equipped with a casing. The gaps are covered with perlite.
9. The assembly of the cap is done from the cut off part of the barrel or cylinder. It is equipped with a handle.
10. Equip the furnace body with brick or stone.
11. Equip the front of the oven. Lay out the required contour.
12. A prepared barrel is placed on the base. The lower part must be sealed with clay.
13. By using corrugated pipe form a channel connecting the firebox with the street.
14. The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe.
15. Install a chimney. All elements must be sealed using asbestos cord and refractory coating.

Improved rocket furnace with water circuit

A long burning boiler can be obtained by equipping the stove with a water jacket. Heating water may not be effective enough. The fact is that the bulk of the warm air enters the room and containers on the hobs. To create a rocket cauldron, you must give up the possibility of cooking on the stove.

Materials required for equipping a stove with a water circuit:

1. Fireclay bricks and mortar;
2. Steel pipe (diameter 7 cm);
3. Barrel or cylinder;
4. Insulation;
5. Sheet steel and a barrel with a smaller diameter than the hull to create a water jacket;
6. Chimney (diameter 10 cm);
7. Details for the heat accumulator (tank, pipes, connecting pipe).

A characteristic feature of rocket furnaces with a water circuit is the insulation of the vertical part ensures the combustion of pyrolysis gases. In this case, warm air is directed into a coil with a water circuit and gives off heat to the stove. Even when all the fuel has burned out, warm air will still be supplied to the heating circuit.

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings (video)

Reactive stove stoves are widely known among the people. They were used even by Korea, China, England and the population of Japan. The Chinese stove differed from the others in the ability to heat the entire floor. But the Russian analogue is in no way inferior. Thanks to useful innovations, the stove is able to keep warm for a long time.

Examples of a rocket furnace (photo ideas)

A rocket stove is a type of wood-fired cooking stove. Stationary models of stoves are also used for heating.

It got its name from the hum that is heard at the beginning of the fire. At correct mode burning it dies down. The shape of the structure also resembles a rocket - vertical cylinder... The oven is also called reactive.

A similar principle was used in Korea and China for heating homes in winter. Travelers in the old days noted that much less firewood was spent than in a traditional Russian village.

Reactive furnaces, product drawings

Rocket stoves are subdivided into portable and stationary... The first devices are smaller and simpler in design. She reminds inverted letter "G"... Fuel is placed in the lower bar. Thanks to the vertical shape of the main body, natural draft occurs.

Photo 1. A drawing and a finished version of a metal rocket furnace with dimensions, left and top view.

As the temperature rises, the device works more efficiently. It has enough power to quickly heat water for cooking for several people. To prevent the wood from burning out too quickly, you need to regulate the draft in the stove. To do this, cover or close completely the fuel door.

Portable jet furnaces serially produced... Most popular models "Robinson" and "Ognivo"... Due to the simplicity of the design, you can make them yourself.

Stationary devices are somewhat more complicated. In the hood, the air ducts are made in such a way that the heated air first rises upwards. Transferring heat to the inner walls, it gradually goes down. Then it goes into the chimney located at the bottom.

Photo 2. Drawing rocket furnace made of bricks and metal barrels. Arrows indicate parts of the device.

Such an oven is quite economical to use, since it burns not only firewood, but also pyrolysis gases. The chimney channel of the furnace is sometimes not taken out of the room immediately, but is carried out inside a bed made of brick and / or clay. This bed heats the room up to comfortable temperature... The design itself is made from large diameter pipes, barrels or bricks.

Important! The device needs in preheating before the firebox... First, they light paper, newspaper, or something else that quickly ignites. And only in a warmed-up firebox firewood is stacked.

Long burning brick rocket stove

Since bricks accumulate heat, such devices are well suited for space heating. Taking into account the duration of burning, one tab of fuel is enough to maintain a comfortable temperature for 6-8 hours.

Sometimes the stove is made entirely of brick. Only fittings (doors) need steel or cast iron. In other cases, the outer part of the furnace hood is made from a barrel or wide tube.

Attention! Brick oven requires a separate foundation not related to the one being built for the building itself. It is advisable to plan its location before construction begins.

Device from a pipe with a water circuit, diagram

The furnace structure is welded from iron pipes of different diameters.

If it is supposed to heat a small room, the stove cover can be made from waste gas bottle.

In a house of a more impressive size, for these purposes, it is suitable iron barrel.

If you install a water circuit on the chimney of the stove, you can get a long-burning boiler that will heat the room well.

The water circuit is usually made from gas cylinders.

"Robinson"

This is a simple and reliable camping stove. She is capable of quite quickly (in 10 minutes) boil a liter water. In this case, you do not need to add firewood.

The design was developed in the last century, but due to its advantages it is still used today. "Robinson" is mass-produced, but it is easy to assemble it yourself.

You will also be interested in:

"Flint"

This oven is similar to the previous version. But the combustion chamber in it shorter and more obtuse in relation to the chimney. Such a stove resembles an inverted letter "G" in shape.

How to make a rocket stove with your own hands

He has several stages- selection of a suitable design; selection of materials and tools; directly manufacturing.

Project selection

When choosing a suitable project, consider the following factors:

1. The purpose of the oven is whether it only requires cooking or also heating the room.
2. Available materials.
3. Approximate capacity. It depends on it how many servings of food or how much of the room the device is enough for.

Materials (edit)

For a brick structure you will need:

• fireclay (refractory) brick;
• refractory mortar for masonry;
• concrete mortar (for the base);
• mineral wool;
• asbestos;
• a whole barrel or an empty gas cylinder for the cap (optional);
• oven doors - combustion chamber and ash pan;
• if the hood is brick - thick stainless steel sheet according to the size of its cross-section.

For finishing the furnace are used:

• refractory paint;
• clay;
• stones;
• etc.

For metal, take:

1. Round metal pipe diameter about 150 mm and length no more than 90 mm(better about 60 mm).
2. Profiled (rectangular) pipe with a cross section 100-120 mm and length about a third round.
3. Instead of a rectangular pipe, you can take a sheet of steel with a thickness 3 mm.
4. 3 nuts.
5. Steel rods, plates or long leg bolts.

Reference. For better traction, take the profiled pipe with the side no more than the diameter of the round.

Instrument preparation

Useful for manufacturing:

• Master OK;
• level;
• welding machine;
• bayonet shovel;
• metal brush;
• level;
• Bulgarian.

Manufacturing, dimensions of devices

There are many variations on this theme. Consider making two fundamentally different types reactive stove. This is a brick stove with a stove bench, which is used indoors, and a camp stove, assembled from metal. Changes are made if necessary, combinations of methods are possible (for example, a heating and cooking device, but made of pipes covered with clay or stones).

How to make a brick stove with a stove bench

First step- foundation device. A rectangular depression is dug under it, which is then filled with concrete.

For strength, it is better to pre-install the reinforcement. The base must be strictly horizontal.

After the concrete solution has hardened brick laying begins... The outer walls are located around the perimeter of the concrete site. A combustion chamber is formed. On one side of it there is a combustion chamber with an opening for loading firewood. On the other hand, there are air ducts.

Important! Each row of bricks is also level tested. This is done in both planes - horizontal and vertical.

The combustion chamber also leave a hole for ash cleaning, which is closed by a door. When this camera is ready, a metal barrel is put on it. The gaps are filled with insulation, for example, mineral wool.

If the barrel is not used, the top is installed cooking stove... An asbestos insulation is placed under it.

The chimney is connected to the air duct and led out into the street.

Then finished the device is decorated. For example, it is coated with clay and covered with paint. Another option is to leave brickwork.

Reactive Hiking Stove

It consists of two compartments connected to each other. To assemble it, first cut the pipes at an angle of 45 °... If instead of the second pipe they took a metal sheet, cut it into pieces like this:

• two with sides 300 mm vs 150 mm;
• two - 300 mm vs 100 mm;
• and one 150 and 100 mm.

Photo 3. Ready-made jet stove for hiking. The device is made of metal pipes.

Then weld them together. You will also need one more plate for dividing the fuel compartment, its dimensions 200 mm and 100 mm.

All fragments are welded together according to the diagram. The round pipe is fixed at the bottom of the rectangular and in the middle with respect to the lateral sides.

From rebar scraps are welded grate... It is convenient to make it retractable in order to lay firewood and then push it inside the firebox.

Saw off from the pipe 4 rings. They are attached from the top so that the dishes do not block the draft hole.

Collapsible legs are installed... Nuts are welded from below, into which long bolts are then screwed. There is also another way. The rods or cuttings of the steel sheet are welded to the bottom. It is less convenient to transport, but there is no need for assembly.

When the structure is ready, it needs to be painted... Only refractory paint is used. This will protect against corrosion and also cover the traces of soldering.

Possible difficulties

When laying bricks, it is not easy to accurately calculate the size of the holes for the furnace and ash doors. That's why you can lay out a row with a door without mortar, "Dry", and figure out how best to arrange it. And then lay out the bricks, fastening with mortar.

When making a furnace from pipes, it is difficult to calculate the place of their connection. Therefore, first, a round fragment is sawed off and attached to a rectangular one in the right place. Around a line is drawn with a marker, along which the cut is made. If the fuel part is assembled from separate plates, it will be more convenient to cut a hole before welding them between themselves.

Useful video

Watch the video, which demonstrates the process of kindling a camp rocket furnace, tells about the characteristics of the device.

Pros of using a rocket oven

Reactive furnaces quite economical to use. But for over effective work it is important that the fuel is dry, otherwise secondary combustion of gases will not occur.

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Rocket oven not suitable for installation in a bath. The fact is that for the desired effect, it is required that the walls of the room first heat up. And with the mode created by this furnace, it is the air that heats up.

As a heating device in a house for permanent residence, such a device is not always convenient.

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can be made, in principle, even within one day, since its design is not complicated at all. If you have the skills to work with tools, read drawings, have in store necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from the most different materials, which are on hand, but much will depend on where the oven is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on the area designated for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, then it is capable of heating a room with an area of ​​up to 50 sq. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually quite small and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when traveling, for example, to a picnic or to a summer cottage, such a stove will help both boil water and cook dinner. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket furnace is very low; even dry branches, splinters or bunches of grass can be used as it.

The principle of operation of the rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket furnace device, its design uses two principles of operation, which the developers borrowed from other types of furnaces operating on. So, for its effective work, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from the fuel through the created furnace channels, without the forced creation of a chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning of pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket ovens, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is rather difficult to create in them the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of gas afterburning.

To understand the structures and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest device of a direct combustion rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively on outdoors... As you can see from the figure below, these are two pipe segments connected by a right-angle bend.

The firebox for such a furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and the fuel is put into it. Often, the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. For the manufacture of a stationary version of the simplest design scheme, it is often used installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, a pipe was installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

1 - outer metal body of the furnace.

2 - pipe - combustion chamber.

3 - a channel formed by a bridge under the fuel chamber and intended for free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 - the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating compound, for example, ash.

The heating of the stove is as follows. First, light is put into the firebox. combustible material such as paper, and when it burns, chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intensive combustion process, incandescent gases are formed that rise along the vertical channel of the pipe and go outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its opening is completely closed, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft, which provides air supply to the combustion area and raises the heated gases up. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary support for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple structure, on the loading opening of which a door is installed. And to create thrust, a special channel is provided, which forms the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7 ÷ 10 mm from it. Even when the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already starting to work - without active access of oxygen to the burning ones, the pyrolysis process can begin, and the continuous supply of "secondary" air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more important condition is still lacking - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary afterburner, since certain temperature conditions are required for the combustion of gases.

1 - air channel in the combustion chamber, through which blowing is carried out when the furnace door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 - ascending stream of incandescent gases.

Video: a variant of the simplest rocket furnace from an old cylinder

Advanced rocket furnace design

The design, designed for both cooking and heating the room, is equipped not only with a fire door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the premises of the house, and the chimney from it is brought out into the street. After carrying out such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and heat-resistant heat-insulating materials, which thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically close the upper part of the structure, the heated air retains the high temperature for much longer.

• In the lower part of the body, a channel for the supply of secondary air began to be mounted, successfully carrying out the necessary blowing, for which in simplest design an open firebox was used.
• The chimney in a closed structure is not located on top, as in a simple rocket furnace, but in the lower rear of the body. Due to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but gets the opportunity to circulate through the internal channels of the appliance, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the body, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the surrounding air.

This diagram clearly shows the whole process of the furnace operation: in the fuel hopper (pos. 1) the fuel is pre-burned (pos. 2) in the mode of insufficient air supply "A" - this is regulated by the damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal firing channel (pos. 5), where they are burned out. This process takes place due to good thermal insulation and the implementation of a continuous supply of "secondary" air "B" through a specially provided channel (item 4).

Further, hot air rushes into inner tube the structure, called a riser (pos. 7), rises along it to the "ceiling" of the body, which is a hob (pos. 10), providing it with high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer casing-drum (item 6), providing heating of the casing for further heat exchange with air in the room. Then the gases go down and only then go into the chimney (pos. 11).

To achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and to provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and stable temperature in the riser channel (pos. 7) For this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - a shell (pos. 8 ), and the space between them is tightly clogged with heat-resistant mineral composition(pos. 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with chamotte sand (in a 1: 1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

The design of this version of the rocket furnace consists of the following units and elements:

• A top-loading firebox with a lid with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace passes into a horizontally located firing channel, at the end of which pyrolysis gas is burned out.
• An incandescent gas flow rises along a vertical channel (riser) to a hermetically sealed "ceiling" of the body, where it gives off part of the thermal energy to the horizontal plate - hob... Then, under the pressure of hotter gases that follow, it diverges into the heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and goes down.
• In the lower part of the furnace, there is an entrance to the horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the bed. Moreover, in this space one, two or more turns of a corrugated pipe can be laid, in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the bed. This heat exchanger pipe is connected at the end to a chimney that is led out through the wall of the house.

• It should be noted that in the case of making a bed of bricks, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and stove bench, giving off heat to the room, will themselves serve as a kind of "battery" capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the kiln can be made from a barrel, a gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of bricks. Usually, the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves, as far as financially possible and convenience of work.

A rocket stove with a brick stove bench looks more neat, and it is somewhat easier to install than the clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the efficiency of heating a rocket furnace

We add upbrickrocket furnacewith a couch

What do you need to work?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed according to the principle of a rocket furnace. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to make such an original rocket stove with a warm stove bench out of bricks.

It should be noted that the structure is, as it were, divided into three parts:

• The furnace itself - its size is 505 × 1620 × 580 mm;
• Furnace compartment - 390 × 250 × 400 mm;
• Lounger 1905 × 755 × 620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

The following materials are required for laying the stove:

• Red bricks - 435 pcs.;
• Blowing door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc .;
• Cleaning door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc .;
• The furnace door is desirable (250 × 120 mm - 1 pc.), Otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Cooking plate 505 × 580 mm - 1 pc .;
• Rear metal panel-shelf 370 × 365 mm - 1 pc .;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5 ÷ 3 mm thick to create a spacer between metal elements and bricks.
• Chimney with a diameter of 150 mm, with a 90˚ bend.
• Clay and sand for mortar or ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this top-loading rocket furnace is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its laying is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

In the absence of experience in the work of a bricklayer and stove-maker, but a great desire to independently install such a heating device, it is worthwhile to play it safe, and to begin with, fold the structure "dry", without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each of the rows.

In addition, in order for the seams to be of the same width, it is recommended to prepare calibration wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. After the mortar has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a furnace, it is necessary to have an even and solid base. Despite the fact that the structure is quite compact, and its weight is not as great as, for example, in the Russian stove, a floor made of thin boards is not suitable for its installation. In the case when the floor, although it is wooden, is very durable, before starting the laying under the future stove, it is imperative to lay and fix heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Ordering a brick rocket oven with a stove bench:

Illustration	Brief description of the performed operation
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick should lie in exact accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give the whole base strength. For masonry, 62 red bricks are required. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the front of the firebox are cut or rounded off - so the structure will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of the work, internal chimney channels are laid through which gases heated in the firebox will pass, giving off heat to the bricks of the stove bench. The channels are connected to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall dividing the two channels under the stove bench is cut obliquely - this "nook" will collect non-burnt combustion products, and a cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow you to easily clean it. For laying a row, 44 bricks are required.
	On the second row, the doors of the blowing and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically putting the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels in order. The doors are secured with wire, which is twisted on the ears of the cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in a bandage, and therefore it also requires 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels passing inside the bed are overlapped with a continuous layer of brick. The opening of the furnace is left, and a channel is formed, which will heat the hob and discharge the combustion products into the chimney. In addition, a rotary horizontal channel is blocked from above, which removes the heated air under the bed. For laying a row, you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next step is to overlap the bed with a second cross layer of brick. The chimney ducts and the firebox also continue to be removed. 60 bricks are being prepared for the row.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the bench is laid out, and the part of the oven, on which the hob will be installed, begins to rise. The chimney ducts are still led out in it. For a row, 17 bricks are needed.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is being completed, for which bricks cut obliquely are used. The second row of the base rises under the hob. For masonry, 18 bricks are required.
	Eighth row. The furnace structure is being laid with three channels. It takes 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out according to the same pattern, alternately, in a bandage. Each row uses 14 bricks.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney. The hole fed under the slab is supplied with bricks cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the bed. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. The base under the slab is formed, and the central and lateral channels are combined. It is through it that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into a vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. On the same row, the base is being prepared for styling. hob. For this, a heat-resistant material, asbestos, is laid along the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on top of the asbestos gasket. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they are opened, smoke can enter the room.
	14th row. The opening for the chimney is blocked and the wall that separates the hob from the stove area rises. Only 5 bricks are used for the row.
	15th row. This row lifting the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation of the back wall, next to the hob, a metal shelf is fixed, which can be used as a cutting board. It attaches to brackets.
	15th row. The schematic picture well simulates how the hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on the part of the stove that will warm up first, since a hot air stream will pass under it.
	After completing all the works described in the order, a chimney is embedded in the hole from the back of the stove, which is led out into the street.
	From the back, the structure also looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room. Such a stove is perfect for heating in a country house. If the stove and chimney are decorated finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house. As you can see, the corner under the chopping shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully consider the structure, you need to see its projection from the front side.
	And the last picture shows well what should be the result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the stove bench.

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of the rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and most affordable for self-made, compared to other heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal is set - to acquire a stove in the house, but experience in such work is clearly not enough, then it is best to choose this particular option, since, when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

A simple heating device, which is not much inferior in popularity to a potbelly stove, is a rocket stove. It runs on wood, and the design scheme is so simple that manufacturing is possible on your own. The stove can also be made economical - many think that looking like a potbelly stove means the gluttony of the combustion chamber, but no. There are schemes that work on smoldering wood (pyrolysis), which means they are economical with the same efficiency.

Why a rocket and why a jet

Such a stove is often called a "rocket", but not because the wood burns in it at high speed, but because of the shape of the structure - the traditional version of the rocket stove is made of two pieces of iron pipes welded together. The unit resembles a rocket in a child's drawing. The use of a simplified form allows you to make it in less than a day. The adjective “reactive” is also applied to the stove, but also not because of the rate of fuel combustion, but because of the peculiarities of combustion - at a certain stage of air supply to the firebox, it begins to hum strongly, as if the turbocharging of the injectors in the engine is turned on.

The humming of the furnace is an ineffective and wasteful combustion mode. During normal operation, it emits a quiet rustle.

Any owner of a country or country house has in the workshop at least a minimum set of carpentry, locksmith and automotive repair tools. So they will help in the manufacture of a miracle rocket, plus drawings and a minimum supply of materials: pipes or metal boxes, a sheet of iron and - during the construction of a stationary version - brick and mortar on clay. Now it becomes clear that the jet furnace is made portable or stationary, for example, for heating a house or a bath.

If a stationary jet furnace will heat the house, then it is placed along outer wall... Correctly designed and equipped, it can heat a house up to 50m 2. Also, the stove is installed in an open area - on a personal plot, and is used as a summer option for cooking.

How does a rocket-type stove work

The device is the simplest - two principles of fuel combustion, borrowed from other stoves:

1. Natural circulation of hot gases and smoke through the channels of the stove is a standard solution, as in a stove.
2. Afterburning of unburned gases (pyrolysis) with limited access of oxygen to the combustion chamber.

The scheme of the simplest jet stove, which is intended only for cooking, uses the natural combustion of firewood - in an open chamber it is impossible to create conditions for maintaining the pyrolysis reaction and afterburning unburned gases.

Consider a simple design of a direct combustion rocket rocket furnace, which is traditionally installed in the yard on open area... It can be used to quickly heat water or prepare a meal for a family on vacation. From the figure below it becomes clear that such a sample will require two segments of a cylindrical or rectangular iron pipe, which are connected to each other by welding at an angle of 90 0.

A horizontal section of a metal box acts as a combustion chamber - firewood is laid there. Also, fuel loading can be organized vertically - add a vertical iron cylinder on top of the horizontal pipe for loading firewood. Thus, you get a structure of three pipes or boxes, the lowest of which (horizontal) will work as a firebox. In a stationary scheme, the simplest stove design often uses red brick, which is placed on a clay mortar.

The efficiency of the structure cannot be called satisfactory, so the craftsmen figured out how to increase the efficiency of its work. An additional element is another pipe of a larger diameter (as you can see, all materials are available and cheap), into which the main pipe of the riser stove (primary chimney) is installed. This increases the overall heating and the duration of heat retention.

In the diagram:

1. Outer casing.
2. A pipe that serves as a firebox.
3. A duct for air outlet to the combustion chamber.
4. Insulated area between the body and the riser. The same ash can serve as a heater.

How to heat

The Robinson reactive furnace is heated according to the principle of kindling a fire - paper, hay, straw or other rapidly combustible material is laid first, then small chips or large shavings. The last logs are laid in the size of the firebox. Hot combustion products rise along the vertical pipe (2) and go out. A pot or water tank can be placed on the open end of the pipe (2).

In order for the fuel to burn continuously and actively, it is necessary to provide a gap between the outlet pipe (2) and the pan with water using a special lattice metal support.

The diagram below shows a simple device with a door on the fuel loading hole. Air draft is formed due to the presence of a special channel formed by the lower surface of the furnace and an iron plate welded 8-10 mm from the combustion chamber. Such a design will forcibly pump air, even if the door is closed completely. It can be seen from the diagram that the design is also designed to operate in the pyrolysis mode, while a constant flow of a "secondary" air stream will burn the exhaust gases. But in order for the afterburning to be 100%, it is necessary to equip the thermal insulation of the secondary chamber in which the gas burns out in order to provide the required temperature indicators for pyrolysis.

In the diagram:

1. Forced channel for blowing air when the fire door is closed.
2. Active combustion area.
3. Burnt gases.

The improved scheme provides not only the possibility of heating the surrounding space, but also cooking, for which the upper hob is designed. Total: to the most simple option"Rockets", you can add an outer casing, which will additionally heat the room, the furnace door, blowing air to maintain the pyrolysis mode and the stove for cooking food. This scheme can already be implemented in the house itself, and not in the yard, since the chimney pipe is brought out. This minor upgrade greatly improves the efficiency of the model. So, a do-it-yourself rocket furnace, the drawings of which are presented below, has the following capabilities:

1. Due to the embedding of the outer casing from a pipe of a larger diameter and its insulation, which creates a thermal insulating layer for the riser, as well as due to the possibility of hermetically closing the upper pipe, hot air cools down much longer.
2. In the lower section of the stove, a separate blowing channel has been added, which makes it possible to organize pyrolysis combustion.
3. The chimney in such a scheme is recommended to be placed not vertically at the top, but at the bottom behind on the body, which will allow organizing additional circulation of hot streams through the internal channels of the stove, ensuring rapid heating of the hob and the entire insulated body.

In the firebox (1), the fuel does not burn completely (2), since the air supply is not carried out in full, this is the "A" mode, which can be controlled using the damper (3). Hot, but not burned out from pyrolysis gases are supplied to the end section of the firing channel (5), in which they are burned out. Afterburning provides high-quality thermal insulation and a constant flow of "secondary" air in the "B" mode through channel (4).

Then the hot stream enters the inner riser (7), rises up to the cooker (10) and heats it. Then hot air enters the volume (6) between the outer and inner pipes, insulated with a layer of ash (4, 9), heats the furnace body, which gives off heat to the room. Finally, the cooled air goes down to enter the chimney (11) and out.

A stable high temperature in the riser (7) ensures maximum heat transfer and creates conditions for complete combustion of gases by placing the riser in a larger pipe - shell (8). The free space is filled with ash or other refractory substance (9) for lining - it can also be a solution of ordinary clay with sand in a ratio of 1: 3.

The palm of popularity belongs to the industrial model "Robinson" - it is simple, but robust design... Having such a mobile stove, you can quickly cook food or heat water in the country or on a hike. Structurally, this is an inverted L-shaped pipe, as shown in the diagrams below.

Firewood is laid in the horizontal section of the fuel receiver, and ignition is carried out from the side from which the vertical pipe enters. In the L-shaped pipe, due to the pressure difference between hot and cold air, thrust arises, and the combustion intensity will only increase as the furnace body heats up. The air supply is regulated by a slide damper.

The furnace works on the principle of energy consumption of the natural flow of hot gases. It turns out a closed cycle: when the temperature rises, the fuel starts to burn more actively and the chamber and the hob heat up faster. As a result, "Robinson" is able to heat 10 liters of water in 10 minutes, if you put the tank on an already warm surface. The diagram shows that the hob in "Robinson" has a thick heat-insulating layer, which makes it possible to put large diameter chocks in the firebox.

Stationary oven

Stationary models have a hood to keep the heat in the room longer. In such a stove, fuel combustion takes place according to a different scenario. The beginning of the firewood combustion process is the same - the air supply is limited. This causes the release of pyrolysis gases, which are afterburned in the lower section of a vertical pipe or duct, where the secondary air is supplied separately.

The hot gas, once at the top, begins to cool down and sinks into the free interchamber volume, and then into the chimney. It goes like this:

1. The forces of gravity cause colder, and therefore, heavier burnt gases to rush down, where they enter the chimney.
2. This is facilitated by the constantly maintained pressure from the placed firewood and the consistently high temperature of the gases.
3. Natural draft in the chimney.

It all creates effective conditions for burning firewood and it becomes possible to attach a smoke channel with arbitrary geometry to the "rocket". Basically, long and complex chimneys are needed in order to better heat the room.

The main disadvantage of all solid fuel stoves is the inability to retain most of the heat in the house. But the positive qualities make it possible to neutralize the negative aspects - the high speed of the gas outlet makes it possible to organize complex vertical or horizontal chimneys with several channels. The implementation of this principle in practice is the Russian stove. In a jet furnace with a horizontal multi-channel chimney, you can also equip a warm stove bench, as shown in the diagram below.

A rocket-rocket stove is an option for home heating, cheaper than which is only a gift. A person familiar with the basics of construction can fold a brick combination stove in a design suitable for any home interior. The main task of upgrading appearance there will be decoration of the iron cap and the firebox lid - everything else will not be in sight.

Combined brick-metal barrel oven

It is stationary, because the structure cannot be moved. The fuel chamber and chimney are laid out of fireclay bricks, valves and doors are made of metal. Brick gives off heat very slowly, so the room will be warm for a long time.

High efficiency is not the strong point of such models, but good heat transfer can be achieved by adjusting the air supply to the chamber, without seeking to enter the combustion mode, in which the stove begins to "roar" and "hum".

To somehow minimize heat losses when operating this simplest design, many craftsmen build a water circuit into the furnace and connect a reservoir for hot water... Also, the construction of a bed with a multi-channel horizontal chimney contributes to the preservation of heat in the room. Negative qualities of "missile" models that cannot be minimized or removed:

1. Constant monitoring and adjustment of traction is necessary - no automation devices are provided.
2. Every 2-3 hours you need to load a new batch of firewood.
3. The iron hood is heated to dangerous temperatures.

The simplest and cheapest option is the Robinson model, which is shown in the drawing below. For its manufacture, you need cuttings of pipes or a rectangular profile box, metal corners for legs, a welding machine. Its dimensions are selected based on the dimensions of the blanks. The main thing is to adhere to the observance of the principle of action, and not the size.

For a home-made design, they often take gas cylinders or barrels of 200 liters - thick walls and a suitable size are as close as possible to what was intended. Both are used for the manufacture of the outer case, and the internal elements are made from pipes of a smaller diameter or brought out in bricks - halves, quarters or whole.

There is no general formula for calculating heat transfer for all models of a rocket stove, so the option of using ready-made calculations based on the principle of similarity of schemes is quite suitable. The main thing is that the size of the future "rocket" should at least approximately correspond to the volume of the heated room. For example, a gas cylinder will do for a garage, a two-hundred-liter barrel for a country house. An approximate selection of internal elements is shown in the diagram below.

Iron cylinder furnace

1. Cylinder - gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
2. Pipe ≥ 150 mm for fuel and loading chambers.
3. Pipes 70 and 150 mm - for internal vertical chimney.
4. Pipes 150 mm - for the outlet chimney.
5. Insulation of any type, necessarily non-flammable.
6. Sheet metal blanks H = 3 mm.

The top of the cylinder is cut by welding. For safety reasons, it is best to open the stopcock on it and fill it with water before cutting. On the sides, you need to cut openings for the fuel chamber and chimney. The pipe for the firebox is connected to the vertical pipe of the chimney from the bottom of the cylinder.

After installing the internal elements, the cut top is welded back. The seams are checked visually, the main chimney is connected. If there is a water circuit, it also joins. After that, the rocket furnace can be tested.

Sufficient draft is ensured by the height of the chimney - it must be raised above the firebox by at least 4 meters.

How to lay out a brick firebox

Such a model requires the use of only fireclay (clay) bricks - ceramic or silicate bricks will immediately crack. The laying is carried out on clay mortar, the proportions of the composition are indicated above. A pit is dug under the base of the stove, the soil at the bottom is rammed and poured with concrete mortar. The size of the foundation is 1200x400x100 mm.

After the base has hardened, it is protected with a sheet of basalt cardboard, then they begin to lay out the firebox, vertical chimney and loading chamber. From the front of the firebox, a door for ash removal is attached. After the clay solution has dried, the trench is filled up, a pipe of the required diameter is inserted into the vertical chimney. The cavities between the brick and the pipe should be filled with insulation - basalt wool, ash or other non-combustible material, for example, asbestos.

Now a 600 mm diameter cap is placed on the masonry - a cut-out cover from a metal barrel will do. Before installation, a hole is cut in it, into which a branch pipe is inserted under the chimney. Putting on this cap, the barrel should be turned over, and the branch pipe will be where it is needed. Then the chimney is brought out - either directly to the street, or through the arrangement of a lounger with horizontal chimney channels. The lounger can be laid out with ordinary silicate bricks, since the temperature of the gases will already be low.

Content

Portable and stationary rocket furnaces (jet) have proven to be practical, energy efficient devices. The heating and cooking units got their name due to the characteristic roar, reminiscent of the sound jet engine- it is distributed when an excess amount of air enters the furnace. Operating in standard operating mode, the stove does not interfere with the acoustic comfort in the room.

Homemade rocket furnaces

Features of the jet furnace

First oven of this type was created for use in the field - a unit was needed for quick cooking and heating, moreover, designed for operation in conditions of fuel shortage. The developers managed to find a solution that made it possible to manufacture a compact solid fuel stove with high efficiency.

Further modifications of the unit led to the invention of a stationary stove with a heated bed. Unlike the usual Russian stove, rocket stoves are not bulky and easier to make on their own. The heat generator is able to work on one fuel tab for about 6 hours, while the stationary structure, for the construction of which adobe plaster is used, gives off the accumulated heat within half a day after the firewood burns out.

Design advantages

The jet furnace is in increasing demand as it is a non-volatile heat source that:

• easy to install - a primitive version of a rocket stove is assembled from scrap materials in half an hour;
• works effectively even on fuel with a low calorific value - damp wood, thin branches, chips, bark, etc.;
• provides heating and allows food to be cooked;
• completely burns fuel with afterburning wood gas, which minimizes the risk of carbon monoxide entering the room.

The design of the stove makes it possible to use it in the house without fear of causing damage to the well-thought-out interior - the body of a stationary unit can be almost completely hidden in an attractive "shell" that will act as a heat accumulator.

To understand how good efficiency is achieved when operating on low-quality fuel, it is necessary to understand the principles of operation of a jet stove.

During thermal decomposition, solid fossil fuels release gaseous substances, which also decompose and eventually turn into wood gas (a mixture of combustible and inert gases), which burns with high heat transfer.

In an ordinary solid fuel furnace, the thermal efficiency of wood gas is practically not used, since the gaseous intermediate phase leaves with smoke into the pipe, where it cools and settles on the walls in the form of carbon deposits, which are heavy hydrocarbon compounds. The higher the humidity solid fuel, the less wood gas is formed and the more soot on the walls chimney... Accordingly, the worse the stove heats up.

A rocket-type furnace differs from conventional solid-fuel units in that its design makes it possible to provide conditions under which a significant part of the intermediate gases does not volatilize, but turns into wood and is burned out. This is achieved through a horizontal heat-insulated channel, where gases move more slowly than in a vertical pipe, and a thermal insulator prevents cooling and turning into carbon deposits. As a result, significantly more thermal energy is recovered even from raw fuel compared to combustion in a conventional furnace.

In complex models of reactive heating units, the principle of operation of a long-burning furnace, where the afterburning of pyrolysis gases is provided, is combined with the design features of classic brick ovens, in which heated air and gas circulate through the internal channels. At the same time, such a rocket does not need to organize additional blowing - the chimney creates thrust in it, and the higher it is, the more intense the ascending flow.

Despite the fact that rocket furnaces are able to squeeze out the maximum thermal energy from low-quality fuel, they demonstrate optimal efficiency when using dry wood.

Difficulties and disadvantages

The disadvantages include:

• manual control of the stove - the fuel has to be regularly added (the burnout time of the bookmark depends on the heater configuration);
• some structural elements heat up to high temperatures and threaten to burn if accidentally contacting the skin;
• It is not rational to use the rocket as a sauna stove, since it heats up the room for a long time.

The design of a jet stove looks extremely simple, but it took a lot of time to invent such a unit, since the key to effective operation is an accurate calculation so that the fuel combustion mode is optimally correlated with the thrust force, etc.

Important! Rocket furnaces are a heat engineering system that requires fine balancing. Failure to comply with the dimensions of the structure or inaccuracies in the assembly, incorrect operation of the unit turn into the fact that the stove roars loudly during operation due to an unstable gas vortex in the chimney, requires more fuel with low heat transfer and quickly overgrows with soot.

The jet furnace was invented in the USA, and the subtleties of its construction have not been disclosed - only corrected drawings are publicly available, based on which it is difficult to build a truly effective heater.

Outdoor and Camping Models

For heating water and cooking food, jet ovens of the simplest modification, made of metal pipe or brick. They are easily made with their own hands for household needs.

For the manufacture of a metal cooking street stove, two pipes connected by a knee at a right angle are enough. Legs made of reinforcing rods and a stand for dishes are welded to the structure (so that there is a gap between the bottom of the container and the cut of the pipe for smoke to escape).

This design is improved by inserting another elbow with a pipe into the horizontal pipe, the height of which should be less than the chimney part - it will serve as a vertical firebox.

An even more functional modification is a camping stove made of a rectangular pipe with a firebox welded at an angle (it also serves as an ash pan). It is quite simple to make such a rocket furnace with your own hands according to the drawings.

It will take 5 minutes of time, 20 whole bricks and two more halves to make the simplest street reactive brick stove. Plus a metal support for dishes.

First, such a stove needs to be brought into operating mode - to warm up the pipe, burning paper and chips, since gas stagnates in the cold pipe, preventing the fuel from igniting well. When the pipe warms up, a powerful draft will appear when the firewood is fired.

Attention! A reactive stove with a horizontal firebox has a significant drawback - it is required to constantly push the burning wood. An inclined or vertical loading hopper, along the walls of which firewood slides down under its own weight, makes the unit more convenient to use.

Heating and cooking ovens for premises

For heating a greenhouse, garage or workshop, you can also use jet units, which are easily and quickly assembled with your own hands.

An analogue of a primitive furnace made of a metal pipe is erected from bricks on an earthen floor or a specially prepared foundation. A brick rocket furnace is assembled from solid ceramic or fireclay bricks using a heat-resistant mortar.

A more efficient version of the rocket heating stove is made using a metal barrel, which serves as a casing and allows you to insulate the riser (an inner pipe that serves as a combustion chamber and chimney). Ash, sifted sand, a mixture of sand with chamotte clay are used as insulation. Thermal insulation helps create the conditions for efficient production of wood gas, and the more it is released from the fuel, the higher the heat output of the wood-burning stove. Moreover, this thermal insulation material(it needs to be well sealed when laying) plays the role of a heat accumulator, capable of heating the air in the room for several hours after the firewood burns out.

Advanced heaters

A jet stove with a free gas outlet is not suitable for use as a heating one; therefore, it is supplemented with smoke exhaust ducts and a heat exchanger. Rocket furnace drawings of various designs help you to clearly see the difference.

The principle of operation of the improved unit is as follows:

• so that a high temperature is maintained in the vertical channel, which contributes to the production of wood gas, it is thermally insulated with a fire-resistant material, while a casing (from a barrel or pipe of a larger diameter) with a hermetically sealed top is installed on top;
• the combustion chamber is equipped with a door, in the lower part a special channel is provided for supplying secondary air - this blowing is required for the afterburning of wood gas (in simple models, air enters only through the firebox without a door);
• due to the installation of a chimney in the lower part of the casing, the heated air does not go directly to the atmosphere, but circulates through the channels inside the furnace casing, actively giving off heat;
• flue gases with the highest temperature enter the upper part of the body, directly under the flat lid, which makes it possible to use it as a hob, and the already cooled stream rushes into the chimney;
• The efficiency of the stove is increased due to the suction of secondary air for combustion of pyrolysis gases, and the intensity of its supply is regulated by the system itself, since it depends on how quickly the flue gases cool in the upper part of the housing.

Improved reactive heating units include a long-burning rocket furnace, which can be made from a gas cylinder, as well as a water-jacketed stove.

Propane cylinder jet heating unit

A rocket stove from a gas cylinder is an easy-to-manufacture wood-burning stove that economically consumes fuel and effectively heats the room.

To assemble it, use:

• empty propane cylinder (unit body);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm (for arranging a chimney and a vertical channel);
• profile steel pipe 150x150 mm (a firebox and a loading hopper are manufactured);
• sheet steel with a thickness of 3 mm.

Making a furnace from a gas cylinder requires the use of welding machine... If you plan to assemble such a rocket furnace with your own hands, the drawings will help you accurately observe optimal sizes all structural elements.

At the preliminary stage of work, a gas cylinder should be prepared - unscrew the valve, fill the container to the top with water in order to ensure that gas vapors that can explode from a spark are removed from the container. Then the upper part is cut along the seam. A hole is cut in the lower part of the resulting cylinder for the chimney, and in the bottom - for the combustion chamber with an attached firebox. The vertical channel is led out through a hole in the bottom, a structure made of shaped pipe, according to the rocket blueprint.

Attention! The sheet metal cover should be made removable and a non-combustible sealant (asbestos cord) should be provided for a reliable seal. The flat lid is used as a hob.

If a rocket furnace is mounted from a gas cylinder on its own, you should carefully consider the quality of the welds and check their tightness - air should not flow uncontrollably into the operating furnace. If everything is in order, you can install a chimney.

Important! The top of the chimney must be raised to a height of 4 meters relative to the level of the firebox in order to provide the required draft intensity.

Such a stove for a home is power-controlled by the volume of fuel loading. The reactive stove is introduced into the mode by supplying air through the combustion chamber, this is regulated by the bunker lid. Further, the unit is constantly supplied with secondary air. At the end of the combustion process, this stove for heating explodes, since it is impossible to shut off the supply of secondary air, and carbon deposits settle on the inner walls of the vertical channel. The cover of the casing is made removable so that it can be periodically removed.

Boiler unit

A long-burning boiler can be obtained by installing a water circuit on the chimney of a stove made from a gas cylinder or other materials, but according to the same scheme indicated above. However, the heating of water in the circuit of such a unit will be ineffective, since the bulk of the thermal energy is released into the room air and containers on the hob.

If you want to create a rocket boiler for water heating with high efficiency, you will have to sacrifice the cooking function. A do-it-yourself rocket furnace according to the drawing below can be mounted in a short time.

This will require:

• fireclay bricks and refractory masonry composition (for mounting the base of the stove with a firebox);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 70 mm (for a vertical channel);
• steel barrel (for the casing);
• refractory heat insulator;
• sheet steel with a thickness of 3 mm and metal barrel(or pipe) of a smaller diameter than the casing (for arranging a water jacket and smoke channels for heating the water circuit);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
• container, pipes and connecting pipes for arranging a heat accumulator.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation of the vertical channel provides an optimal mode of combustion of pyrolysis gases, while all the heated air enters the "coil" with a water jacket and gives off the bulk of the thermal energy there, heating the coolant.

The heat accumulator will continue to supply the heated coolant to the heating circuit even after the furnace itself has cooled down. A container with water is supplied with a thick layer of insulation.

Heating unit with a stove bench

A rocket stove with a stove bench is a device that can create a comfortable environment in one room. Such a unit cannot be used to heat several rooms, let alone the whole house.

Arranging such a long-term burning unit with your own hands requires accurate calculations - its power and the maximum permissible length of the hog on which the bed is arranged depend on the size of the stove body. It is also important to choose the right pipe cross-section for the installation of the structure. Errors will result in the fact that the jet furnace in a short time will be tightly overgrown with carbon deposits or will roar loudly during operation due to turbulence of gas flows.

Dimensions and proportions of the structure

To build a do-it-yourself rocket furnace, detailed drawings must be prepared, indicating the dimensions of all elements. At the stage of project preparation, calculations are made based on the base values, to which all the rest are tied.

The basic calculated values ​​are:

• D is the diameter of the drum (furnace body);
• S - the area of ​​the internal cross section drum.

Calculations of the design parameters are carried out taking into account that:

1. The drum height (H) is between 1.5 and 2 D.
2. The drum is coated with 2/3 N (if it is planned to cut it curly, then 2/3 of the height should be an average).
3. The thickness of the coating layer on the drum is 1/3 D.
4. The internal cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical channel (riser) is 4.5-6.5% of S, the optimal value is in the range of 5-6%.
5. The height of the vertical channel is the maximum, as far as the design of the furnace allows, but the gap between the upper edge of the riser and the drum cover must be at least 70 mm for normal circulation of flue gases.
6. The length of the flame tube (fire conduit) must be equal to the height of the vertical channel.
7. The cross-sectional area of ​​the fire conduit is equal to the corresponding indicator of the riser. Moreover, for the fire conduit, it is recommended to use a profile pipe of square section, in this case the furnace works more stable.
8. The sectional area of ​​the blower is ½ of the sectional area of ​​the furnace and riser. For stability and smooth adjustment of the furnace mode, a rectangular profile pipe with an aspect ratio of 2: 1 is used, which is laid flat.
9. The volume of the secondary ash pan depends on the volume of the drum minus the volume of the riser. For a stove from a barrel - 5%, for a stove from a gas cylinder - 10%. For containers of an intermediate volume, it is calculated according to linear interpolation.
10. The cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney is 1.5-2 S.
11. The adobe cushion under the external chimney should be 50-70 mm thick - if the duct is made of a round pipe, the count is taken from the lowest point. The thickness of the pillow under the chimney is halved if the bed is mounted on wooden planks.
12. The thickness of the coating layer of the stove bench above the chimney channel is 0.25 D if the drum is from a barrel of 600 mm, and 0.5 D if the drum is from a cylinder of 300 mm. If you reduce the coating layer, the structure will cool faster after heating.
13. The height of the outer chimney must be at least 4 meters.
14. The length of the gas duct, on which the length of the stove depends: for a barrel oven - up to 6 m, for a cylinder oven - up to 4 m.

A long-burning rocket furnace made of a barrel of 600 mm in diameter achieves a power of about 25 kW, and a rocket for heating, made of a 300 mm cylinder, up to 15 kW. The power can be adjusted only due to the volume of the fuel loading, such a stove does not have air regulation, since the additional flow violates the furnace mode and provokes the release of gases into the room. By changing the position of the blower door, not the power is regulated, but the operating mode of the furnace.

Features of the lining

The quality of the riser insulation directly affects the efficiency of the heating unit. In our area, light fireclay bricks SHL and river sand with an admixture of alumina are available for lining. An outer metal casing should be provided for the lining, otherwise the materials will quickly absorb carbon deposits and the furnace will roar during operation. The end of the lining is densely covered with oven clay.

When using suspended fireclay bricks, the remaining cavities are filled with sand. If only sand is used for lining, it is sieved from coarse debris and covered in layers - each about 1/7 of the pipe height. Each layer is tamped tightly and sprayed with water to form a crust. The backfill must be dried within a week, and then cover the end with a layer of oven clay. Then the construction of the rocket furnace continues with their own hands according to the drawings.

Heating unit options

Arrangement of a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder can also be performed in the case of a heater with a stove bench. The design is somewhat different from the one discussed above.

Changes concern:

• flame tube length;
• the presence of thermal insulation of the vertical channel;
• connecting a horizontal, not vertical, external chimney.

Note! The extended part of the external chimney is an ash pan, which must be accessible for cleaning - a metal door sealed with non-combustible material.

Due to the fact that the chimney channel can be made long and curved, it is easy to give the stove an original shape.

The adobe coating, which serves as a heat accumulator, is made from a mixture of oily clay with sand and chopped straw.

The principles of starting the stove

Important! Continuous combustion reactive furnaces are launched exclusively "on a warm pipe".

Before loading the standard fuel, kindling is performed with paper, shavings, straw and other dry light materials, which are placed in an open blower. When the vertical channel warms up enough, the hum of the stove dies down or changes its tone. This is a signal that you can put the main fuel, it will ignite from the acceleration.

The jet furnace will not adjust itself, so the lid of the small furnace bunker or the blower door of a stationary unit should be kept open until the standard fuel ignites and the furnace hums. The door is closed, trying to reduce the sound to a "whisper". When the sound of the stove increases again, the door is closed again a little tighter. If the door has slammed shut, then by lifting it, you can allow the fuel to ignite normally.

A mobile rocket stove is a convenient travel option, undemanding to fuel and economical. Stationary units, depending on their design and dimensions, are used for heating residential and auxiliary premises.