What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Evgeny Sedov

When hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)

It is impossible to understand how efficiently infrared heating works in the form of film heaters and all kinds of heating panels without understanding the pros and cons of each system. Familiarize yourself with the main characteristics of infrared emitters, their area of ​​application, consider which of them only help the stationary heating system, and which can completely replace it and become the main heating element in the house.

What is infrared heating

This type of heating includes quartz tubes, panels, plates, heating films - in general, all devices that emit infrared heat... Infrared heaters have a number of advantages over conventional heating radiators:

• have high efficiency;
• practical to operate;
• heat a room of any size with minimal electricity consumption.

Infrared heaters

The principle of operation of the IR system is almost completely identical to the thermal effect of the sun's rays. Heating with infrared heaters is due to long infrared waves, which, importantly, are safe for the health of any living organism. Effectively affecting the objects in the room, walls, floor, the rays are absorbed by any hard surface, then converted into heat energy.

Film

If we consider a film beam electric heater (PLH) from the point of design, then it is a two-layer polymer with a carbon heating element inside. After connecting the device to the mains, when the current passes through the heating element, it begins to emit IR rays, with which you can absolutely heat different rooms... Film heating is more in demand when installation of additional heating devices is required.

Infrared heating systems

Today, rooms are heated in a variety of ways. For example, an infrared heating system is very popular, which is divided into two main types of devices: heating panels and film heaters. The separation is determined by the area of ​​application of each of the systems. So, devices of any type can be installed on the ceiling, and only film heaters can be used for underfloor heating.

Pros and cons

Like any other heating system, infrared has its own advantages and disadvantages. So, if we consider the pros and cons of infrared heating, then it can be noted that IR emitters:

• are able to warm up the room in the shortest possible time;
• do not dry the air, do not burn oxygen, do not produce harmful ultraviolet radiation;
• they work silently, and they begin to emit heat immediately after switching on;
• are easy to install.

Regarding the negative qualities of such a heating system, the following can be distinguished:

• It is not always possible to organize an infrared heating system with your own hands so that it saves the declared 70% of electricity;
• heating devices heat only those surfaces to which their infrared rays are directed, that is, for example, if you stand facing them, your back will be cold; the problem is solved only after the air heats up from objects in the room;
• surfaces that are too close to the appliance become very hot, which can damage the tabletop, furniture, etc.

Calculation of infrared heating

Before purchasing infrared heaters for heating rooms, many are trying to make a calculation to find out the advantages of this system. So, in order to calculate infrared heating, you need:

• determine the characteristics and parameters of the room;
• calculate the thermal load on the heated surfaces;
• determine heat energy losses;
• calculate the air temperature in the room;
• determine the temperature of the enclosing structures;
• calculate the number and build a diagram of the arrangement of devices;
• determine the required air exchange and select supply and exhaust ventilation.

Infrared heater efficiency

Coefficient useful action infrared heater is the ratio of the heat energy used to the total amount of energy received by the system. So, the efficiency of an infrared heater reaches more than 90%, because each infrared heating Atel, like any electrical appliance, converts the lion's share of energy into heat. Heating devices with increased efficiency do not exist, this is a myth, because they all have an efficiency of almost 100%.

Infrared heating panels

Installing this kind of equipment is a great alternative to traditional radiators. Infrared heating panels have a small thickness and are different types... For example, an interesting wall-mounted version from Step:

• Eint 250-1.8-0.28.
• Price: 2750 rubles.
• Characteristics: power 250 W, power supply 220 V, dimensions (HxWxL) 180x28x2 cm, weight 6.5 kg.
• Pros: the metal case is protected by an anti-corrosion coating, it is grounded, the heat-dissipating element is moisture-resistant.
• Cons: high power.

For those who want to make a mobile and durable warm floor in their home, the floor model from Step is suitable:

• Eint 200 / 1.2x0.4.
• Price: 3500 rubles.
• Characteristics: degree of protection IP 66, power 200 W, power supply 220 V, dimensions 120x40 cm.
• Pros: the metal case is protected by a powder anti-corrosion coating, a moisture-resistant heating element, a long service life.
• Cons: only suitable as an additional heat source.

Ceiling

When equipment emitting infrared rays is suspended from the ceiling, and its heat flows are directed downward and slightly to the side, this is ceiling heating. One of the most successful examples of such a technique is the Resant IR panel heater:

• IKO-1500.
• Price: 3310 rubles.
• Features: infrared heater, heating power 1500 W, ceiling view installation, heating area 15 sq. m, voltage 220-230 V, rated frequency 50 Hz.
• Pros: if you fix the device motionlessly on the ceiling, then it will warm up a room with an area of ​​15 sq. m, and with zonal operation, the equipment will maintain a comfortable temperature of 25 sq. m.
• Cons: in a residential building it is more often used as an additional source of heating.

If you need a mobile device that can also be attached to the curtain, then consider the option from Timberk:

• TIR HP 1 1500.
• Price: 3949 rubles.
• Characteristics: heated area 16 sq. m, power 1500 W, voltage 220-230 V, wall and ceiling mounting, mechanical control, waterproof case.
• Pros: convenient for small rooms, the device has a high heating rate, there is a possibility of temperature adjustment.
• Cons: difficult to connect without the help of a specialist.

Batteries

An infrared heating system is practically indistinguishable from traditional batteries. They can also be “hidden” under the original image. Infrared radiators are devices that in most cases are located on the walls. A good example is the Jarkoff IR film heater:

• Jk-9005.
• Price: 950 rubles.
• Characteristics: wall mounting type, power 500 W, weight 0.5 kg, surface temperature 65 degrees, voltage 220 V.
• Pros: long-term operation.
• Cons: not found.

There is also an option for portable heating equipment from Electrolux, if you want the device to look more like a real battery:

• EIH / AG 2 - 1000 E.
• Price: 3994 rubles.
• Features: infrared convection type, power 500-1000 W, electronic control, overheat shutdown function.
• Pros: there is a thermostat, timer, temperature control, frost protection.
• Minuses: high price.

Film

Film mats with sealed flat heating elements connected in series with each other are used as underfloor heating. One of the most popular in its class is Stem Energy Profy infrared heating film:

• KXM 305.
• Price: from 265 rubles.
• Characteristics: maximum power 220 W / sq. m, width 500 mm, thickness 0.338 mm, wavelength 5-20 microns, average power consumption 30 W / sq. m per hour, IR radiation 90.4%.
• Pros: a film based on transparent thermoplastic has excellent wear resistance, meets all quality standards.
• Cons: cannot be installed in places where furniture will stand on the floor surface.

Another great example of frequently installed equipment that helps the centralized heating system do its job is the Caleo infrared heating film:

• Gold 230-0.5-1.5.
• Price: 3130 rubles.
• Characteristics: Comes with electrical wiring, bituminous insulation for each sq. m, is installed "dry" installation under the laminate, carpet, linoleum, consists of 2 layers.
• Pros: provides energy savings by 20%, the film is safe to use, which is proven by the presence of anti-spark GRIDIRON-S technology, is completed with color instructions.
• Cons: Not recommended to be installed on the floor under furniture.

Water heaters

Thermal comfort can be provided by infrared panels operating on hot water. Infrared water heaters have a significant advantage over similar equipment - they are fireproof. Euterm AVL works with steam or hot water supply:

• 300/2/2000.
• Price on request.
• Characteristics: 2 pipes, weight excluding coolant 4.9 kg / m, water consumption 0.5 l / m, dimensions 2000x300 mm, maximum water temperature 120 degrees.
• Pros: compact size, fast heating of the room.
• Cons: not sold in every store.

Those who want to cooperate with Euterm should also consider the AVH series device:

• 300/3/2000.
• Price on request.
• Characteristics: three pipes, pipe thickness 1.5 mm, water consumption 0.8 l / m.
• Pros: fire safety, rapid heating of the room.
• Cons: not sold in every store.

Gas infrared heating

• GII-4.6.
• Price: 1340 rubles.
• Characteristics: gas principle of operation, power 4.62 kW, gas consumption 0.85 l / h, heating area 40 sq. m.
• Pros: light weight, fast and efficient heating.
• Cons: expensive to maintain.

Among the models that run on gas, you can also highlight the Kovea stove:

• Fire Ball.
• Price: 7084 rubles.
• Characteristics: power 900 W, dimensions 190x180x190 mm, piezo ignition.
• Pros: two positions of the reflector: horizontal - for cooking, inclined - for heating.
• Cons: Cannot be used indoors.

Skirting heaters

The essence of the action of such heating equipment is to uniformly heat any wall in the house, which significantly reduces heat loss and creates a stable air temperature. Considering skirting boards infrared heaters, pay special attention to the models from the Megador company:

• Light 200.
• Price: 4100 rubles.
• Characteristics: power regulation for 300 and 600 W, heated area 3-16 sq. m, enclosure protection IP 20.
• Pros: evenly warms up the walls, you can use both an independent heating device and to help the main source of heat.
• Cons: there is no smooth power control, the devices are designed to operate at maximum power.

It should be noted that the Standard series models are easier to operate than the Lite series devices, and they also have a huge advantage: they can be installed in rooms with high humidity... Consider a model like this:

• Standard 200.
• Price: 4400 rubles.
• Characteristics: power 600 W, heated area 6-12 sq. m, smooth power regulation, degree of protection of the case IP 20.
• Pros: smooth power control, minimum power consumption, the ability to install in private houses or any premises with a high probability of water ingress, the switch and the cable from the outlet can be on the left or right side.
• Cons: high price.

How to choose infrared heating

Having analyzed the main pros and cons of infrared heaters, you can seriously think about buying this kind of equipment. Take your time to buy infrared heating immediately, because when choosing suitable model you need to consider:

1. What is the area of ​​the room if the device serves as the main heating system, or the area of ​​the heated zone, in the case when the IR device is required as an additional heating element. The power of the purchased equipment depends on this.
2. The place where the installation of the IR heating system will be carried out. For example, for industrial premises, the power should be much higher, and in other cases, you can choose devices of low or medium power.
3. The height of the ceiling in the room. This factor should be taken into account when choosing ceiling infrared heaters. If you buy a device with insufficient power, then the infrared rays will scatter, not heating the floor, or everything can happen the other way around, then people in the heated room will experience discomfort.
4. View floor covering... It must be taken into account when installing a "warm floor". The type of infrared film directly depends on whether you will pour the screed.
5. Whether the infrared heater will be installed on stairs or in rooms with unusual geometry. In such a situation, you need to choose a film that can change its shape.

Video

The use of infrared radiation sources for space heating is new, modern technology, but still insufficiently studied in terms of its use for heating housing and the consequences of long-term exposure to it on humans. On the one hand, all life on Earth arose and exists thanks to the Sun - the most powerful source of infrared radiation, but on the other hand, a person's stay in direct sunlight leads to overheating and to a "solar" stroke. Infrared heating is widely discussed on the network, reviews of which are very different. Often there are reviews written to order. They often use information that has nothing to do with reality.

Infrared radiation is absorbed by the surface of the Earth, from which the air masses are heated. This principle is used to heat homes, only instead of the sun, special devices are used that convert the energy of gas or electricity into infrared radiation. Infrared heating, which is still rare, is gaining popularity.

Classic heating devices - batteries, radiators, convectors of various types, in one way or another, are also sources of infrared radiation. But the room is heated with the help of air heated by the device, which is distributed throughout the room by convection flows. Infrared heating appliances such as an infrared convector work differently. They emit infrared rays that heat the surrounding objects, ceiling, walls and furniture, and then they heat the air. This heating method creates a very uniform heating of the room, in contrast to heating by convection currents.

Infrared heating devices

In the market of climatic technology, a special niche is occupied by devices with which you can easily organize additional or complete heating of your home. Among them is the popular infrared ceiling heating, which is often used as additional heating. Infrared heating devices integrate general principle- they all create an infrared flow of energy, but there are some differences between them.

To organize heating, you can use infrared:

Infrared convectors

Heating devices of this type provide heating of the air by convection and create a flow of infrared radiation. Popular infrared heating convectors can be used as additional heat sources. The design of the convector is simple - housing, heating elements, profiled heat exchanger and a ceramic plate on the front of the device. This ceramic plate is a heat energy emitter.

A thin and neat infrared wall-mounted convector is installed under windows or by the door to cut off cold air by convective flow.

There are very different reviews for any infrared convector, there are many hidden advertisements from sellers who order them. If there are links to the site, firms, brands are named, then with a probability of up to 90% we can say - a customized review.

Infrared panels

Unlike infrared convectors, infrared panels can be installed horizontally on any surface. The demand for them is constantly growing due to the unique technical data and consumer characteristics. Today they are the best in terms of efficiency, economy and safety. The design of the panel is a housing, inside of which a heating element made of carbon black is applied to the dielectric base, which heats up when voltage is applied. On the front side, the panel is closed with a ceramic plate - an emitter of infrared heat flux.

Online stores offer infrared heating panels, the price of which is much lower than that of oil and. It depends on the panel size, power and manufacturer. On the Internet, they write and advertise a lot of infrared heating panels, reviews of which are different, you need to focus on them extremely carefully.

Infrared heaters

The main structural elements of infrared heaters are a reflector and a radiator. Emitters can be carbon, quartz and halogen lamps. The reflector focuses and directs the infrared beam in the desired direction. Owners who have tried heating with infrared heaters have different reviews, but no one has yet ventured to make heating completely on infrared heaters. They are usually used as an additional heat source. The warmth is felt instantly, and the room heats up slowly and for a long time.

Infrared films

Heaters of this type are flexible foils that are easy to install. There are two types of film - low-temperature (+27 degrees) and high-temperature, which heats up above 27 degrees. Low temperature films can be installed under the laminate to create a warm floor.

An infrared film heater consists of the following components:

From the owners who applied heating with infrared film, the reviews are different, good and bad. You can read them on the forums, but the recommendations need to be approached critically. If you are interested in the question of how much infrared film heating will cost, the price of heating is easily calculated if you know the technical data. Take for example infrared heating film production South Korea and consider its technical data for calculations:

An elementary calculation shows that for a house with an area of ​​100 m2, electricity consumption per day, even if we take the minimum average value - 30 W / m2 x 24 x 100 m2 = 72000 W / hour = 72 kW / hour. Whether it is beneficial or not is up to the owner to decide.

Heating PLEN

There are several alternative heating systems that are exotic for the majority of the population. This cohort also includes the modern high-tech system of infrared radiation PLEN. The recently introduced heating plan has the highest performance in almost all criteria. What is behind the abbreviation PLAN? This is an abbreviated name, and in its entirety it is displayed as "film radiant electric heater".

For the heating system, several Russian companies located in the Urals, Siberia, Moscow and St. Petersburg produce film heaters. The cost of Russian film heaters is much lower than foreign counterparts.

During installation, they are installed on ceilings and heat the floor and interior details.

All heated surfaces, in turn, heat the air and create an even, comfortable indoor climate. For automatic temperature control. The efficiency of the system does not depend on the height of the ceilings. The mass introduction of such a modern, convenient and comfortable system as heating is limited by the price of electricity, which determines the cost of heating. These costs are currently significantly higher than the costs of gas or solid fuel heating.

The network is actively discussing infrared film heating of a private house, reviews are mostly cautious, because this is a new, unknown business. Few people have embodied the system in reality. Some users refer to the experience of Finland, in which they personally saw the operation of the film heating system. Praise, but whether this system will take root in our country, that is the main question. Electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, which is one of the obstacles to the introduction of the PLEN heating system. Infrared reviews are not bad for the applied ceiling heating, if this heating is additional, and it is turned on occasionally, for quick warming up or in severe frosts.

Gas infrared heating

For large rooms in which it is difficult to heat a huge volume of air, infrared heating is used. Gas equipment is a mixing chamber with a ceramic plate. The gas-air mixture burns in numerous channels of the ceramic plate and heats it up to 900 degrees. The ceramic plate becomes an emitter of infrared energy flux. Such systems have found application in industrial premises.

In the home, gas infrared heating is usually used as an addition to existing heating to heat up a room quickly and efficiently. There are numerous and good reviews on gas infrared heating at home. Of the shortcomings, noise is noted, but such a drawback is considered insignificant. The main thing is that it heats up quickly, and in severe frosts it is better to use it as an additional source of heat. Often used in small shops and cafes, but requires compliance with fire safety regulations.

Infrared heating of a residential building: pros and cons

The use of various systems and infrared heaters is actively discussed by the owners of houses, summer cottages and cottages. Many people on the Internet are interested in infrared heating, reviews of owners and their questions revolve mainly around one topic - is it profitable or not profitable. Another topic is whether such heating can provide good heating at an affordable cost.

An infrared heating system has a number of undoubted advantages:

Disadvantages of infrared heating systems. If we take at a minimum and calculate the cost of electricity for a house of 100 m2 and the required power of 0.03 kW / m2, then we get 72 kW / hour per day. And if in a month? And multiply all this by the price of electricity? But if there are no other alternatives, for example, there is no natural gas, then you need to carefully calculate what is more profitable for infrared heating or a solid fuel boiler and in what time frame this equipment will pay off.

Before choosing an infrared heater and installing it in the house, each owner needs to understand the principle of operation of this type of equipment, to familiarize himself in detail with the main manufacturers. This article provides a classification of IR devices according to the method of arrangement of elements, and also offers a number of recommendations that will help users to correctly install heating equipment of this type of action.

What is infrared home heating? The principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of the project

Infrared heating every year it is spreading more and more in the world and takes the position of a worthy alternative to conventional heaters. All IR devices operate according to the standard scheme:

• the equipment is connected to the network (220 W);
• heating element heats up;
• from the heating element, heat is redirected to a specially installed heat-emitting plate;
• infrared radiation is generated from the plate.

Wherein, this system heating, from the traditional one differs in that first the objects that are in the room are heated, and the air receives heat from them. This process of space heating is effective in that the air, as it heats up, rises, and the heat dissipates evenly throughout the room space.

Living organisms, including humans, react to infrared heat a little differently than to ordinary heat. Due to the fact that the former actively affects the peripheral circulatory system, the feeling of comfort with such heating comes 2-3 degrees lower than when the latter is exposed. This allows you not to turn on the devices at full power, and significantly save their energy.

The advantages and disadvantages of the infrared heating system project can be displayed as follows. Advantages:

• installation of equipment does not require a separate room;
• compactness of equipment;
• the ability to fit devices into any interior;
• the system is absolutely safe for human health;
• IR devices are intended for use both indoors and outdoors. outdoors, the main thing is that there is an electrical network;
• the equipment is actively used on farms, as well as in greenhouses.

With the above advantages, the most important drawback of the infrared heating system project can be identified - it is high price indicators for equipment.

Varieties of infrared heaters. Panel, film

Infrared heaters are manufactured in two designs: film and panel. The first type is used to create a specific recreation area, as a thermal arrangement of a loggia, etc. They are intended for both ceiling, wall and floor coverings. For data heating structures absolutely do not fit stretch ceiling... Film heaters can be based on a thin layer of graphite or carbonate threads, which are parallel to one another. This view fits perfectly into the interior and is used as a local heat appliance in a specially designated area of ​​the room.

The principle of operation of heaters of the second type is to receive heat from the heating element, a specially installed panel, the design of which can be made of materials such as drywall (supplemented with a heat-insulating layer and graphite thread), as well as glass or plastic (supplemented with ceramics or anodized aluminum). This technique is marketed in a variety of decorated, sophisticated designs.

The main classification is by the way the elements are arranged. Floor, wall and ceiling appliances

The modern market presents a large assortment of infrared heating devices, which, in terms of the way the elements are arranged, are usually divided into floor, wall and ceiling. More detailed information is given in the table.

Main manufacturers of IR heaters

Popular among consumers are models of IR heaters from such manufacturers as:

• Ekostar;
• Teplov;
• Thermoplase;
• Bilux;
• Timberk;
• Ballu.

Infrared systems from the Ecostar company are intended for use in large and small rooms. Models for industrial premises are capable of heating the dimensional departments of factories and plants, workshops and technical centers. The advantages of using such products can be called efficiency and reliability, the operating life of the devices is designed for 25 years.

The Teplov manufacturer specializes in the sale of ceiling, wall and floor type heaters, which differ in such features as: ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, absence of harmful radiation, etc. Modern devices on the market from this company are equipped with an innovative mechanism for adjusting thermal conditions.

IR heaters UFO are popular in 27 countries of the world. Thanks to a special waterproof case, this type of equipment can easily function even in rooms with high humidity. When the UFO overheats, the devices automatically turn off, which significantly reduces the electrical load and allows you to insure against ignition.

Devices from the manufacturer Thermoplaza do not emit any noises and sounds during operation, while functioning on the basis of two principles of room heating: infrared and natural convection heat. Installation of equipment from Thermoplaz can be done at home, with your own hands.

IR - heaters from the Ukrainian manufacturer Bilyuks are supplemented with high-quality thermal insulation, which is characterized by non-flammability even at a maximum temperature of 1500 degrees. Therefore, heaters of this production are considered absolutely safe. Radiation of these heating devices gently affects the human body and does not bring discomfort.

The import manufacturer of infrared equipment is the Swiss company Timberk, which specializes in the production of high-quality heaters for this purpose. The products of this brand is characterized by great popularity and meets international quality standards.

Ballu International Holding is engaged in the production and sale of household and heating equipment, including infrared heaters. The products from the manufacturer are intended for industrial use and to provide heat in small, cozy apartments... The main focus of the company is on the implementation of ceiling and wall structures, regularly replenishing the range with mobile, modern innovations.

How to choose the right heater for a house or apartment

The choice of an infrared heater for a house or apartment, first of all, depends on the size of the room. Before buying, the user needs to decide which device he needs, stationary or portable. The second type of heating equipment is characterized by a relatively small power and size, they are practical and mobile. Stationary models are mounted directly into walls, ceilings and floors.

The second point that requires attention is the type of heating element. They are metal, ceramic and quartz, due to which they affect the surrounding world in different ways. For example, a quartz heater is not suitable for people suffering from allergies and asthma; moreover, due to the red color, such devices are highly irritating to the eyes. Heaters with a ceramic heating element are characterized by good performance. During the operation of the device, there is no light, while it is as economical as possible and can serve for more than 3 years. The disadvantage of this technique is considered high cost.

When buying an infrared heater, it is worth asking about the thickness of the anodizing layer that covers the plate and is responsible for the emission of infrared waves. A quality indicator is considered to be a thickness of more than 25 microcones. This suggests that the service life of the device can reach and exceed 20 years.

Experts recommend asking about the thickness of the emitter foil. In high-quality, high-end devices, this figure exceeds 120 microns. It is also worth paying attention to the power of the heating equipment. This figure should be equated to 1 to 10 (for 10 sq.m. power is 1 kW).

The modern market represents not only infrared heaters that operate under the influence of electricity, but also models that operate on liquefied gas. Gas installations are intended for heating large areas such as country houses, summer cottages, cottages. In addition to this nuance, the choice of the device according to the type of heating is considered important. With respect to this criterion, the technique of direct and indirect action is distinguished. In the second case, the presence of a gas exhaust system is provided, in the first it is absent, therefore combustion products are returned to the room, and this suggests that the owner needs to take care of a high-quality, efficient ventilation system.

How to properly install infrared heaters in your home

Over the past years, infrared electric heaters have earned great confidence among consumers and are very popular. As practice shows, practically everyone can cope with the installation of this type of heating system in small rooms. The installation process itself does not take much time and is considered quite simple.

At the initial stage, the owner needs to choose the right place for installing the device. It should be noted that infrared heaters are not recommended to be installed in places:

• close to other electrical equipment;
• not far from the placement of dimensional furniture;
• not far from doors, windows, etc.

The installation of the IR device takes place in several steps, which consist in attaching the brackets with self-tapping screws, and further installing the panel. In the process, the master will need tools such as a tape measure, a simple pencil, screwdrivers, a screwdriver and pliers. Having installed infrared equipment, it must also be correctly brought to the thermostat, and then connected to the network. To do this, use a three-core cable and follow the ground-phase-zero system. The ends of the cable are connected to the terminals according to the indicated polarity at the ends of the wires. Before turning on, experts recommend wiping the panel of the device with an alcohol solution.

Infrared heaters, with their strengths and weaknesses, occupy a significant place among the perfect heating systems, allowing a person to create an acceptable thermal regime in the house.

In addition to the article, see the thematic video infrared heating of the home:

Infrared heating is one of the home heating systems. Used by both the main and auxiliary heating of the home.

Since thermal energy is not dissipated in the surrounding space and reaches directly to people and objects. Infrared heaters are called "direct heaters".

Infrared home heating

Infrared heating is gaining more and more popularity nowadays.

Operating principle

Infrared radiation is based on electromagnetic radiation, on physical properties and qualities similar to the sun.

The device consists from two layers:

• metal, carbon or quartz layer acting as a heating element, the material affects the heating power;
• aluminum foil that heats up from metal and gives off heat to the surrounding space.

Both layers are hermetically sealed into a dielectric that emits waves.

Infrared heaters modifications:

• Film- underfloor heating is mounted only with foil.
• Panel- installation of the ceiling, floor and walls.

Electric current passing through the heating device is converted into heat waves with a frequency 9 μm, which on their way heats the surrounding objects and planes. At this time, there is no displacement of cold air and concentration of warm air at the top: the whole room warms up evenly.

Pros:

• profitability - compared to other types of electric heating, it is saved up to 50% electricity, service life up to 25 years old;
• fast warming up of the room;
• preservation of the area;
• easy installation;
• Ease of controls;
• noiselessness of work;
• environmental friendliness - contributes to the disappearance of fungus, dust, does not dry the air;
• safety - heaters are installed in damp rooms;
• allowed even when heating verandas, summer verandas.

Minuses:

• high price of equipment;
• the duration of the heating of large rooms;
• ban on use in rooms with ceilings below 2.5 m;
• high cost of creating key conditions for effective work: house insulation and waterproofing, creation of heat shields;
• low mobility;
• compliance with the required distance to objects;
• the likelihood of getting burned if too close to the heater;
• low temperature adjustment range;
• smell from heated objects.

Varieties of IR heating

Differ in:

1. Energy source:

• electrical;
• gas;
• electro-gas.

1. At the place of installation:

• ceiling;
• wall-mounted;
• floor.

1. By wavelength:

• Shortwave- for small rooms, with ceilings up to 3 meters, temperature up to 600 ° C.
• Medium wave- medium area, ceiling height from 3 to 6 meters, temperature 600-1000 ° C.
• Longwave- for large spaces with ceiling height from 6 to 8 meters, heating temperature 1 thousand ° C.

Ceiling heaters

Heating devices are mounted on the ceiling - infrared radiation diverges slightly to the sides and goes to the floor, the main heating surface. Because of this the temperature at the floor is higher than at the walls or ceiling.

Photo 1. Infrared ceiling heater for home heating. The device looks like an ordinary lamp.

Peculiarities

• radiation diverges in a cone, capturing maximum space;
• fasteners allow you to choose optimal direction of radiation;
• can act as a "heat gun" when installed near windows or doors;
• ceiling panels imitate designer coatings.

Attention! When connecting several devices, observe the parallel connection, and install a separate machine in the dashboard, to avoid overload.

Distance from the heater to the ceiling at least ten centimeters.

Heating with infrared foil

Warm floor mounted only with foil mats... Flat heating elements connected in series with each other are sealed into the dielectric.

Mats the floor is laid under the topcoat or mounted on the ceiling. The emitted waves heat the opposite surface and objects.

Film heaters differ several advantageous features:

• the minimum thickness of the film mat does not eat up a single centimeter of the area;
• any topcoat is laid on it;
• installation can be done independently without special tools;
• safe.

You will also be interested in:

Installation

Installation of film coatings requires the fulfillment of several conditions:

• Perfectly flat base. Before installation, it is necessary to carry out work to level the hydro and thermal insulation of the base.
• Infrared stripes laid with a gap of 0.5-1 cm to a space free from furniture and interconnect with thermal insulation tape. From the wall mats retreat not less than ten centimeters.

Important! Heating strips can only be cut by special markup. These places are covered with bitumen insulation, which comes with the floor.

• bend heating elements more than 90 degrees is impossible;
• connect infrared bands in parallel copper stranded cables not less than 1.5 mm. sq. sections;
• on the wall for temperature control the thermostat is hung, and a heat sensor is placed under the mat in a special recess;
• after installation, start-up work is carried out in order to check serviceability mats.

The sensor is placed on thermal insulation, otherwise it will not show the real temperature of the base.

Reference. The area with foil mats should be not less than 70% for heating efficiency.

Wall Mounted Thermal IR Panels

Infrared panels mounted on the wall with special brackets and heat the opposite wall and objects located in the path of heat waves.

Photo 2. Infrared thermal panels installed around the perimeter of the room. The devices serve as the main source of heating.

Peculiarities

• Panels combine the properties of radiators and convectors.
• The heater is made of cermet... In this case, the device is a solid panel with a lead-in cable.
• Wall Panel Models equipped with thermostats.
• Quartz panels after shutdown keep warm for a long time.
• Quartz heaters replace centralized heating in garages.

Infrared heating with skirting boards

Infrared skirting boards or "warm skirting boards" - a kind of wall mounted infrared heaters.

Photo 3. Infrared skirting boards for additional room heating. Appliances warm floors well.

Behind a special aluminum profile imitating a skirting board is laid carbon-based ribbed heating element. Heat rises by natural convection.

Peculiarities

• warm skirting board is a low-power device, therefore it is used only as an additional tool;
• skirting boards heat the floors and part of the walls;
• dries the walls removes mold and mildew;
• when placed on walls in special boxes - injury from furniture is excluded, the gasket area is not limited by the free space.

Gas infrared heaters

An autonomous type of equipment that does not require electricity. This feature makes infrared gas heaters in places where there is no electrical connection or there is a possibility of power surges. Heats up up to 800 ° C, and quickly heats up the area up to 60 squares... For work propane or natural gas required in cylinders.

Gas infrared heaters are not designed to continuously heat a home.

Views:

• Ceramic- a ceramic plate is used as a heating element. The gas cylinder is located in the metal base of the device. It is more often used in summer cottages, gazebos and outdoor establishments.
• Catalytic- uses both gas and electricity for work. It is based on the principle of oxidation of substances. It is used for heating residential and industrial premises. This is a safe view.
• Street- designed for heating terraces, sports and playgrounds, a cafe in the form of an open umbrella with a heating radius of six meters. Gas cylinders are located inside the heater.

Operating principle

Such, as with electric ones, only gas is used:

• in the heater chamber gas mixes with air;
• the mixture passes into the holes of the ceramic plates and burns out, heating the ceramics;
• heated plates emit heat waves.

Peculiarities:

• The presence of a built-in sensor for monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. When the level is in 1.5% is exceeded, the sensor will turn off the heater.
• The room is periodically ventilated.
• If large-sized heaters are used, then it is necessary to additionally equip the room with a chimney.

A new type of heating that has a number of advantages over conventional methods is infrared radiation. Infrared heaters are gaining popularity due to their high efficiency and practicality in operation, as well as a variety of types. These can be glass or ceramic panels, quartz tubes, or infrared heating films.

Economical home heating is becoming more and more in demand, given the constant rise in prices. It is especially effective for maintaining normal temperatures in large rooms: trade pavilions, gyms, production halls. Therefore, infrared heating is increasingly being chosen. An additional plus of such a system in the private sector is the absence of the need for any approvals.

Principle of operation

Unlike traditional heating systems, in which heaters cause convection of air currents, infrared heating uses radiation energy to a greater extent. Therefore, the floor and furniture surfaces that are directly under the radiator or in front of it, if the panels are installed on the wall, are exposed to heating. With this method of heat transfer, the air in the room practically does not heat up.

Radiators from infrared heating systems can be very hot. For industrial heaters, it can reach 650 ° C, which, of course, is a disadvantage of these devices. Compliance with the comfortable parameters of heating the room is controlled by a special automatic device - a thermostat. For correct operation of the system, it is installed away from heating devices and local heat sources, in a place where there is no direct sunlight.

Infrared heaters can operate on different energy sources. Home emitters are usually electric. For heating open areas and local heating in large rooms, gas emitters and installations on liquid fuel can be used. The infrared ceiling in its design can even have tubular heaters with superheated water up to 120 ° C fixed to the reflector. Such systems, called long-wave systems, warm up the room for a long time, but they have a big plus because they do not harm health.

DIY heating

The simplicity of the device of household heaters and the use of conventional electrical components allows you to mount infrared heating yourself. Certain types of ceiling heating panels have standard plate sizes. false ceiling type "Armstrong" and their installation consists only in connection to the electrical wiring.

Ready-made solution, convenient for self-assembly.

Installing wall or ceiling panels requires minimal tooling skills. Manufacturers, as a rule, complete their heaters with all installation products and detailed instructions... When installing an infrared ceiling, only take into account the recommendations for the installation height from the floor level and the distance to the ceiling covering.

Peculiarities

The working principle, which uses infrared heating, is completely different from traditional heating, where heat energy is transferred through heated air.

Here, the opposite is true - thermal energy is converted on surfaces exposed to infrared radiation, which significantly reduces losses by excluding air from heating.

It is a direct heating system as opposed to convection heating systems.

Installation of heaters under the ceiling

To choose a heat source suitable for an infrared ceiling in a room, you need to decide on its power. The supply voltage and the switching circuit of the device depend on it. For a power of more than 1.5 kW, as a rule, three-phase wiring with a voltage of 380 volts is required, and it is not available in every home. Instead of one radiator, it often makes sense to install two or three local heaters of lower capacity.

It should be remembered that the manufacturer in the documentation usually underestimates the amount of power consumption and, on the contrary, overestimates the size of the heated room. This is expressed in the fact that both the power and the area of ​​the room are indicated for the off-season operation mode, that is, when the ceiling heating is turned on only to maintain comfortable temperature... The big disadvantage of such a system is that to work in winter period electricity consumption will be several times higher, and the heated area will be at least two times less than indicated in the documentation.

A much more uniform and economical consumption of electricity has a film heating intended for the floor.

Heated floor

The best way positive properties infrared heat sources appear if an infrared heating film is laid under the floor covering in a private house. Such heating is considered infrared because heat from a heating element integrated into an elastic film is reflected from a metallized heat-insulating substrate and penetrates the room through the floor covering.

Film heating is used in rooms with a soft or thin-layer coating that does not require a rigid connection with the base. For example, linoleum, carpet, laminate, or parquet.

Influence on a person

Like any other radiation, infrared waves can be harmful to health. The degree of influence depends on the wavelength. Short-wave "luminous" heaters with a wavelength of up to 3 microns provide rapid heating of open areas of the floor and surfaces of objects, but can lead to overheating of the upper layers of the skin, overdrying it and even burns. Such emitters are used in tanning salons.

The most comfortable for humans are heaters with an operating wavelength of more than 7 microns. Such waves penetrate deeper into the body, but do not have a scalding effect and are not harmful to health.

Expenses

Such heating requires less power to heat the same volume of premises. According to average calculations, a kilowatt is required to warm up a small area, but an infrared heating system is capable of heating it all for half the declared power.

How is this possible? The main heating losses are due to air, in fact, they go into the chimney. Warming up from contact, passing through the surface of heating devices, the air begins to move. When moving, it heats the room, but also through cracks, loose joints, joints, roof, windows, doors - it goes outside. Losses in a separate building are greater than in a house with several apartments where there are neighbors, so there can be one cold, sometimes several walls, just not combined with neighbors.

Efficiency

There are a number of reasons that make infrared systems more efficient.

The first reason is the presence of radiant energy emitted by infrared heating. A person constantly loses warmth. These are excretions, respiration, and heat radiation. Most of the losses are due to heat radiation through the surface of our body; heat can be replenished in the opposite way.

An interesting experiment was carried out by scientists when they created special conditions for the tested people. When they were initially placed inside a room with well-heated air, but the walls were specially cooled, people were freezing. With chilled air, but warmed up to high temperatures on the walls, the effect was the opposite - they were warm, comfortable, some noted the appearance of perspiration.

The reason for this reaction, the sensations of the subjects lay in the radiant energy falling on the person, then converted into heat energy by him. Therefore, maintaining comfortable room conditions is possible at lower air temperatures than with conventional convection heating, but the comfort is no less, therefore, electricity is saved.

The second reason is the coefficient of air flow exchange, an indicator of how much air is lost through loose joints and cracks, doors, and how much it is replenished with fresh, cool. The absence of circulation created by convection flows made it possible to obtain a coefficient of 0.2-0.6, and in its presence it exceeded 4.5. This is the maximum figure for rooms with frequently opening doors, for example, in a shop.

Besides, Construction Materials able to be saturated with moisture. In cold weather, the presence of moisture increases the thermal conductivity of the walls, and if they are frozen, then even more. Infrared heating allows you to prevent this by starting heating the room from the walls. They are dried, moisture is removed from them, the air trapped in its place improves thermal insulation. As a result, energy consumption is reduced.

The third reason is the lower temperature differences inside the room in height. If infrared radiation allows you to reduce the temperature difference to a degree, two, for example, at the floor - 19 °, under the ceiling - 20 °, then with conventional heating this can be 19 ° and 23 °, respectively.

Additional benefits

Infrared heaters allow you to warm up the room quickly, because the transfer of energy when it hits the surface is instantaneous, so it immediately becomes more comfortable, no pre-heating of the working room is required. This reduces heating costs by lowering the set temperature on non-working days, at night.

The heat from the radiation creates a feeling of normal temperature, in reality it is several degrees lower, but the person is still comfortable. And only one degree of temperature allows you to save up to 5% of energy.

Heating with infrared radiation does not increase the dryness of the air, oxygen is not burned, there is practically no noise or dust. The design of infrared ceramic heaters is modern.

Another advantage of infrared heating is simple, quick installation, no expensive boiler equipment or heating networks are required.

It is distinguished by simplicity of operation and management. In addition, damage to the system from defrosting, which is possible when using hot water heating, is excluded.

The absence of moving parts, air filters in heaters does not entail constant maintenance, replacement of parts, their lubrication, therefore round-the-clock operation is allowed. Mounting is done on the ceiling, walls. If it is necessary to heat another room, move to a new one, then the emitters can be easily removed.

The possibilities offered by infrared heating are great. In addition to household, industrial premises, their use is permitted in agriculture for heating greenhouses, livestock farms, when the air does not require special humidification and ventilation.