What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

It cannot be said that at home with flat roof so often found in our area. Still, we are more accustomed to seeing classic gable or multi-pitched roofs. It is believed that houses with a flat roof look exclusive, even eccentric, and speak of their owner as a great original, a modern person who thinks outside the box.

By and large, “flat roof” is a rather arbitrary name. There should always be a slight but mandatory bias. Otherwise rainwater or water after melting snow will accumulate on the roof, which, in the end, will lead to serious troubles and costs for repairing not only the roof, but also the interior.

In addition to its direct functions - thermal insulation and protection of the house from atmospheric precipitation - a flat roof can be used as an additional recreational area.

Let's try to figure out how expedient it is to choose a project for a house with a flat roof in our area. To do this, you need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of this type of roof.

The advantages of a flat roof

• The flat roof allows you to optimize costs. It is smaller in area than any pitched roof... This allows the developer to save significant amounts on materials.
• Simple form roofing significantly reduces the time spent on installation.
• For the same reasons, repair and maintenance flat roof an already constructed building is incomparably simpler than in houses with pitched roofs.
• But the most important advantage of flat roof house projects is the additional usable area, which the owners of the house can use at their own discretion. Some elements can be taken out on the roof of such a house. engineering systems, for example, ventilation and air conditioning systems. And you can install solar panels.
• But most often the flat roof space is used as an additional comfort zone. Here you can equip a solarium or a place for sports. By the way, there are even projects that make it possible to equip a pool. The roof garden looks very impressive. Modern technologies make it possible to pave the roof with paving stones. And in combination with a lawn and decorative trees, comfortable wicker furniture, a garden gazebo with a fireplace, this place will become the center of family recreation.

Naturally, like any roofing system, a flat roof has its drawbacks.

• A more thorough design and installation of the roof will be required, otherwise the reckoning in the form of expensive repairs to the interior is inevitable.
• You will also have to provide additional costs for the organization of internal drains.
• There are certain inconveniences associated with flat roof maintenance. First, it is necessary to constantly monitor the moisture content of the insulation and the tightness of the roof. Secondly, there is always the possibility of clogging or freezing of internal drains. Thirdly, in snowy winters there is a risk of leaks due to the large accumulation of snow. But this disadvantage can be easily circumvented by installing the Anti-Ice system on the roof. True, this leads to additional costs.

Flat roof house project: is it worth doing

It can be said absolutely definitely that with a careful design study and competent work builders, it is worth building a house with a flat roof. Ultimately, you get original housing with additional square meters. useful area and save money on construction works ah and materials. And Dom4M hopes that you will live in a cozy place for many years. comfortable home built according to our project.

If earlier flat roofs were made only on urban multi-storey buildings and were associated with constant leaks, today the situation has changed radically. These structures are used not only during the construction of multi-storey buildings, but also in the construction of prestigious private houses on exclusive projects. Such changes were made possible by the emergence of completely new building materials and technology.

Flat roofs - one of the many types of roofing arrangements, has both positive and negative sides. The advantages of such roofs include the following characteristics.

1. Saving building materials and speed of construction. The effect is achieved due to physical savings - the area of ​​a flat roof is much less than a gable roof. In addition, for this structure, there is no need to manufacture a complex rafter system with various girders, supports, crossbars, Mauerlats, etc. A small number of roof elements makes it possible to construct flat roofs on their own without the involvement of expensive professional specialists.
   True, for this you need to have the initial skills in performing roofing work, to understand modern technologies and materials. Otherwise, attempts to reduce the estimated cost of the structure may result in large additional costs for unplanned repairs. And not only the roof itself, but also the interior of buildings.

   

2. The ability to use the roof as an exploited one. On flat roofs, you can equip winter gardens, places for recreation, flower beds, small playgrounds for sports, etc. But in these cases, the roofs have a very complex structure and require a professional approach to the implementation of all construction work.

   

3. Flat roofs facilitate installation and periodic Maintenance various engineering equipment: air conditioning and ventilation systems, solar panels, antennas, etc.

   

Unfortunately, such architectural designs also have disadvantages.

We have listed the real advantages and disadvantages, each developer must carefully analyze them before making a final decision.

Varieties of flat roofs in private houses

Thanks to new materials and technologies, the designers have managed to create several types of flat roofs with unique performance characteristics.

Important. The cost of flat roofs varies widely, some options for a price can be several times higher than gable structures.

Roofing cake device

All flat roofs in residential buildings must be insulated, structures consist of several layers. Each of them fulfills its function and is critical for the roof.

Base

It can be reinforced concrete or wooden.

Reinforced concrete slabs are preferred by professional builders, but not all homes can use them. Slabs are mounted only on brick or concrete facade walls; such elements are not used for wooden or frame buildings.

Vapor barrier

Prices for material for vapor barrier

Vapor barrier material

It is used only in two cases: the base of a flat roof is wooden and is used as insulation mineral wool.

But such options are rare, most often the base is made from concrete slab, and durable extruded polystyrene is used for insulation. Both of these materials are not only not afraid of exposure to steam, but also do not react to direct contact with water. Accordingly, when arranging roofs made of such materials, vapor protection is not required.

Insulation

There are two types of insulation that can be used in flat roof construction.

Heaters can be installed in two ways.

Currently, architects in most cases prefer the second option for insulating a flat roof, keep this in mind. But practitioners advise installing insulation from inside the premises. Each developer must make a decision independently.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Heat insulating materials

Practical recommendations for arranging a flat roof on a frame house

For example, we will take the option of arranging a flat roof on a wooden frame house. These buildings are very popular with many developers, they are quickly assembled, relatively inexpensive and provide residents with a modern level of comfort.

How to make slabs

For the ceiling, you need to use I-beams, ordinary ones will not work due to very high loads. If the linear dimensions of ordinary beams are significantly increased, then their own weight will play a significant role in calculating the acting forces, and this is extremely undesirable for all structurally loaded elements.

Important. If the size of the house is large, then it is much more profitable to order short beams and splic them on site. Due to this method, the process of transportation and installation of structures is simplified. During installation ceiling beams you need to make a slight slope for water to drain.

Video - Wooden floor

What to make waterproofing

Prices for PVC membranes for roofing

PVC membrane for roofing

For sealing, it is recommended to use a modern high-quality membrane that is protected from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The membrane thickness is not less than 1.5 mm, the service life of such coatings is more than thirty years. Membranes should retain their original properties at temperatures of -30 ° and below. It must be borne in mind that situations may arise when in winter it is necessary to remove snow from the roof, the waterproofing must withstand mechanical forces and not be damaged.

How to install a funnel for receiving water

The diameter of the funnel must correspond to the roof area and the maximum water debit. The data are available in comparison tables and are attached to the instructions for use of the elements. If for some reason there is no such instruction, then you should consult with the seller.

The funnel is installed at the lowest point on the roof. The roof plane is divided into several sectors and each has a slight slope towards the drain. To prevent ice from accumulating in the funnel in winter, it is recommended to connect an electric heating system. Heating functions temporarily and only during the period when the temperature changes from positive to negative several times a day.

How to properly lay a waterproof membrane

The joints are boiled with a construction hair dryer and additionally filled with special two-component glue. You should start from the very bottom edge, the width of the overlaps is at least 10 cm. To increase the strength of the fastening, each strip of the membrane is separately fixed with special fasteners, the wide washers are then closed.

Along the perimeter of the parapet, the membrane is also screwed with washers of a large diameter, the distance between them is about 20-30 cm.

How to drain water from the roof

Experienced builders do not recommend trying to install external gutters and pipes on flat roofs to drain water to the ground. The best option- to start up plastic pipes through the interiors. Installation of the system should be done immediately after assembling the frame of the house, during sheathing interior walls the pipes are hiding. Due to such a place of installation, the likelihood of freezing is completely excluded, the reliability of the system's functioning is significantly increased.

The better to process OSB boards

There are many options, the effectiveness depends not only on the materials used, but also on the professionalism of the master. But practice shows that, all things being equal, bituminous mastics have the greatest reliability. The surfaces must be coated at least two times, this guarantees the tightness of the coating for a long period of time. Of course, the upper membrane also needs to be of good quality and correctly applied.

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In European countries, houses with a flat roof, which can be seen in the photo, are not uncommon; they are often built in the resort towns of the Mediterranean, since precipitation is an infrequent phenomenon there. In the domestic open spaces, buildings with such a roof are still rare, mainly they have a production or economic purpose - workshops, garages, repair shops, etc. The reason is that property owners prefer classic projects construction of private cottages.

Houses with flat roofs

The most common form of their construction is considered square houses with a flat roof, they are luxurious penthouses that attract the eyes of passers-by with their appearance.

Disadvantages and advantages of flat roofs

The advantages of flat roofs are obvious:

• it is possible to use the roof surface for your own needs, there you can arrange a place for recreation or sports, plant decorative garden, green lawn;
• building a house with a flat roof is beneficial as it saves a significant amount of money needed to build truss structure;
• snow that accumulates on the roof surface in winter serves as an additional insulation layer (experts call this circumstance controversial);
• for the operation of the top coating in the winter, a heating system can be installed;
• if inexpensive roofing materials were used to create the roof, then the repair will not require a significant amount and it will be possible to complete it on their own... Besides renovation work, if the roof is made, for example, of roofing material, it is not done on the entire surface, but only partially in case of defects in the overlap.

The disadvantages include the following points:

• in case of negligence or unprofessional execution of construction work when creating a house with a flat roof, it may be necessary to repair the interior of the building, which will cost a lot of money. To reduce the likelihood of leaks, you need to remember to observe a slight slope of the roof, otherwise the precipitation will not drain, but will remain on it.

Taking into account the disadvantages and advantages of choosing flat roofs, we can conclude that this type of roofing is currently relevant and is a promising and reasonable solution, since it becomes possible not only to build an original building, but also to save a significant amount of money.

Features of the device of a flat roof

The construction of houses with a flat roof has a number of nuances that should not be forgotten at the design stage. Most often, the basis for is corrugated board and reinforced concrete slabs, less often lumber is used.

The most economical and profitable from a financial point of view is the installation of corrugated board, but it can be used when the upper surface of the roof will not be used, in addition, it will be required additional insulation... Concrete is considered reliable and durable, since on top it is not possible to install not only a gazebo for relaxation, but also a small swimming pool, which is used in summer.

A natural wood base is usually built when it is being built frame houses with a flat roof.

Flat roof made of corrugated board

If a house with a flat roof is being built using corrugated board, then after installation, the support is laid on top of it vapor barrier... It is necessary to prevent heat loss from the interior of the building. Vapor barrier material is produced in rolls with a certain width and length. Places of overlap of the vapor barrier, which can be used as a polyethylene film, must be carefully connected.

Then the heat-insulating layer is mounted using insulation boards, which are joined together. For reliability, a two-layer stacking system is often used. There are bulges on the sheets of corrugated board, which must be tightly filled with heat-insulating material.

After that comes the stage of creation using a polymer film. When all the insulating layers are laid, reinforced concrete slabs are mounted or a sand-concrete screed is poured.

When is being built Vacation home with a flat roof, regardless of what the base is made of, it is always necessary to make a slight slope - at least 5 degrees, otherwise the water will remain on its surface.

Even a minor oversight made in the construction of a house with a flat roof can cause a major overhaul in the very near future.

Waterproofing and insulation of a flat roof

Brick or wooden houses with a flat roof require high-quality roof waterproofing, which is performed using:

• films for creating a protective waterproofing barrier against moisture;
• EPDM membranes, PVC membranes;
• hydrophilic rubber;
• liquid rubber - sprayed waterproofing;
• injection materials (silicone resins);
• lubricants used to join waterproofing sheets;
• penetrating materials.

Membrane insulation. It is considered an advanced technology to provide high quality waterproofing when a flat roof frame house is being built.

Diffusion membranes are in the greatest demand, they are:

• with microperforation;
• superdiffusion;
• anti-condensation.

Environmentally friendly and fireproof superdiffusion materials are especially in demand, since during their installation it is not necessary to leave a gap between the layers of waterproofing and thermal insulation, they repel moisture, preventing it from penetrating into the thermal insulation layer. The service life of such membranes is about 25 years. They are often used when building wooden house with a flat roof.

There is another way - old and well-tested - this is adhesive waterproofing. It involves the use of roofing material, which is glued to the surface by heating.

Insulation of a flat roof

Insulation of flat roofs is a very important type of work associated with. You can do it from the outside or from the inside in one or two layers. The easiest and cheapest way to insulate the roof is from the outside. A two-layer thermal insulation system makes it possible to reduce the load on the floors. The first layer is a heat insulator. The second layer is denser, it has a distribution function.

It is not difficult to create a flat roof with your own hands - the main thing is to follow the technology.

A few decades ago, all developers on a large scale remodeled their houses with flat roofs into pitched ones. This is due to the fact that the materials used when laying flat roofs did not correspond to the quality and did not allow adequately protecting the base from moisture. Today, roofing on flat roofs even has some advantages over slopes. You will learn how to build a house with a flat roof, and at the same time take into account all the pros and cons, in this article.

Positive and negative sides of flat roofs

In European countries, it has long been practiced to create sports grounds, lawns or flower beds right on the roof. country house... This saves usable living space. As for the CIS countries, they are not used to such things, until now the arrangement of something higher overhead is considered a curiosity, but often there are people who have already adopted the experience of construction from abroad and their houses are popular.

Of course, appearance a building with a flat roof is very primitive, but with a certain imagination, you can make it unique. Fortunately, the low cost of construction, durability, ease of installation and reliability of all structural elements allows you to come up with crazy projects... As an example, this article offers photo materials for flat roofs, I hope thanks to them you will get some ideas for yourself for future construction. But first, you should find out what are the pros and cons of this type of roof.

Benefits of flat roofs:

• Low windage... In simple terms, your roof cannot be demolished strong wind not even a hurricane
• Low construction cost... This advantage is due to the fact that in construction you do not need bulky rafter systems hence saving on materials
• Ease of installation... All work is carried out on the same plane, and you will agree that it is convenient
• Snow cover is not negative, on the contrary, it performs the function of a kind of thermal insulation
• Appears additional area, which can be equipped according to your own needs

Disadvantages of a flat roof:

• The need to design a high-quality gutter system
• In cases where certain roof coverings are used, a heating device will be required.
• Clogging of drainpipes can lead to a large accumulation of water on the surface of the roof, therefore it is advisable to check this moment every time after atmospheric precipitation.

Types and classification of flat roofs for a frame house

Everything building construction are divided into types and subspecies. For example, a flat roof country house may or may not have attic space.

Such moments are selected purely individually, so let's talk about them and tell you about them.

By the purpose of the roof:

• Operated... The formed area as a result of construction is occupied by some equipment
• Not exploited... The opposite of the first point. Nothing is foreseen on the surface, and in the winter season only snow lies on them. By the way, in some regions of the country, it is because of the snow that the construction of flat roofs is impossible, since there is a very large amount of precipitation.

By construction type:

• With attic space... I hope you understand this very well and you know what an attic is. As a rule, these roofs are laid without an insulating layer and do not require maintenance. winter period
• No attic... They also do not require any maintenance, but you will need to ensure maximum waterproofing of the surface. This is due to the fact that the snow will melt due to the heating of the house, therefore, there will always be some moisture on the roof.

By completing the protective layers:

• Traditional... The roofing cake is arranged so that a waterproofing layer is placed behind the insulation plates
• Inversion... Here everything is somewhat different, and the waterproofing is protected by insulation

Paying attention to all the points described above, developers receive the highest quality and purposefully created roof.

Building houses in construction can never look the same. It looks like this is exactly what happens, but the materials are always slightly different from each other, and such differences can play a rather strong role in the construction of your comfort.

Some developers will think that the use of these materials is acceptable in this case, while for others the same work will be a mistake.

That is why the construction of houses with a flat roof is an individual lesson and the observance of the following rules will help you avoid embarrassment:

1. Design. At this stage, all the smallest details are worked out. It is worth noting, despite the fact that the roof is flat, it must have some slope so that moisture does not accumulate on the surface, but gradually goes into downpipes... This slope, as a rule, is formed from the facade of the building.
2. There are two ways to build such roofs. The first one implies the installation of the ceiling and the roof with a single monolithic slab, and in the second method, a gap is made between them to improve the heat-insulating layer, but at the same time complicates the diagnosis and repair of the roof in the future, and the use of the roof as an additional usable area becomes impossible
3. Foundation. If you are a little versed in construction, then you probably understand that the construction of powerful foundations with frame construction not required. Here you can save money and set the required parameters. It is better to work out the rafter system in more detail, because it will not be sweet for them in a frame building with a flat roof
4. Construction of walls. Ease of installation will allow you to finish the job very quickly. To do this, you will need to lay the harness on the foundation for future fastening to the floor. After that, the bearing supports are mounted, which will transmit the load of the roof. And this process ends with sheathing and filling the voids with insulation material
5. Finishing. Correctly selected decorative cladding will help distinguish your home from an outbuilding. Here it is best to consult with experienced designers in order to give the cosiness a decent appearance.
6. Flat roof decking. Almost any material is suitable as a roof covering, but it is worth considering the design concept and high loads. From the article, you learned that a flat roof still has a certain slope, despite this, the laid material must withstand colossal loads, because in the winter season on rafter elements pressure will act not only from the coating, but also from the snow. The slope is set insignificant, but in the rainy regions of the country it can be more than 10 degrees, as for more arid places, an angle of 5 degrees will be enough

A flat roof of a country house is assembled in just a few days, this is due to the fact that you do not have to work at different heights, everything happens in one plane, therefore, everything is simple and safe.

Lightweight flat roof. Features during its installation

In some regions of the country, there is an option for installing a lightweight flat roof. Such places, as a rule, have a very dry climate and precipitation is rare for them.

• The construction of a building with a lightweight roofing option is no different from the standard one until the moment when the supports are installed. Their selection requires a very careful approach. All loads should be taken into account here, and the higher they are, the larger the cross-section of the beams should be used. As a rule, material with a cross section from 10x10cm to 15x15cm with a step of 0.5 - 1m is ideal for such construction.
• The load-bearing beams are covered with boards, plywood or drywall. On top of them, layers of waterproofing and vapor barrier are laid, and special construction tape is used at the junction of the strips of material. After that, the insulation boards are laid. The most suitable materials for this are mineral wool or expanded polystyrene (foam). All joints and cavities are filled polyurethane foam... In cases where cotton wool is used, it is worth laying additional vapor barrier so that moisture cannot penetrate inside the insulation, but always has a way out of it. This will make a one-sided membrane
• As a roofing, bituminous tiles or euroruberoid are most suitable.

The nuances of roofing with heavy materials

The use of hard types of coatings will lead to the fact that the mass of the entire building will have a decent value, but thanks to them, it will also allow it to withstand the high pressure of precipitation and natural phenomena.

In this case, it is advisable to use metal, not wood, as the material for the overlap. As for the walls, their strength should also be increased. The concrete screed must have a reinforced body.

As a positive effect, you will gain greater safety and a longer service life of the entire building compared to soft coatings.

As a conclusion, I want to say that a flat roof is very rare, but it has undoubted advantages over pitched roofs. On their surface, you can arrange a sports field or dot the lawn.

Also in the countries of Europe, whole greenhouses for rare plants are arranged on them, and you must admit it is already quite fascinating when you have one of the wonders of the world over your head - the hanging garden.

A flat roof in a private house offers many different possibilities. With such a simple design, you can save on roofing materials and works, and the installation is carried out in a shorter time. It is also easier to place various systems on its surface: antennas, hoods, solar panels and others. In addition to all this, additional space can be used by arranging a garden, a recreation area or a greenhouse on it.

However, despite the cheaper installation, many nuances must be taken into account so that such a roof does not become a "headache" for the owner of the house.

Flat roof construction

A flat roof, like any other, must fully fulfill all its functions: protection from water and its drainage and thermal insulation. In addition, it must be strong enough to withstand external loads.

This is what determines the structure of the roofing cake, which consists of the following mandatory elements.

1. Base. All the main loads fall on this part. The overlap should be very strong, but it all depends on whether the roof is being used or not. Most often, the base is a reinforced concrete slab laid on load-bearing walls, less often on non-residential buildings - a layer of profiled sheet.
2. Vapor barrier layer. Performs a protective function, which consists in preserving materials from steam penetrating from inside the room.
3. Thermal insulation. Reduces heat consumption from the house.
4. Waterproofing. A flat roof does not completely drain all the water, like gable counterparts, as a result, high-quality protection against moisture penetration is needed.

A ramp is used for normal moisture removal. Most often, it is a screed that forms slope angles along which water can flow into the prepared system of trays to remove it from the roof plane.

Saving on any details of a flat roof is unacceptable, otherwise it will lead to leaks, freezing and other negative phenomena of a poorly mounted roof pie.

Types of flat roofs

The presence, order and sequence of the individual elements of the roofing cake determine the type of roof. There are such designs of flat floors:

• Unexploited. These structures can be seen on multi-storey buildings. It is believed that their surface is not intended for use and is designed for a short-term stay of people. In this version, on non-residential buildings, a profiled sheet can be used as a base.
• Exploited. In this case, it is necessary to have a concrete base capable of withstanding heavy loads. The surfaces can be used as a garden, recreation area or even a car park. In addition to a solid foundation, it is important to observe the angle of inclination, which should not exceed 3 degrees.

• Inversion. The design provides for a change in the order of the layers of the cake. The waterproofing is placed under the insulation, which helps to keep it from damage. Quite often, this type of roof is used in the construction of private residential buildings.
• Ventilated. These types of roofs have a ventilation system (built-in aerators) that evaporate excess moisture from the thickness of the roofing cake. Can be combined with other types of roofs.

In addition, the type of roof depends on other factors, for example, whether the room is heated or not.

Installation of a flat roof on different types of buildings

Depending on whether the room will have a heating system or not, the roof assembly technology may differ during installation.

Roofs in unheated rooms

Usually, garages, sheds, gazebos, and various pavilions are used as unheated buildings.

• The required slope of 3 degrees, on such structures, is formed due to the load-bearing roof beams. The difference in height is about 30 millimeters, per 1 meter of the length of the bar.
• After laying the beams, a flooring is made, which will serve as a base. It can be boards or profiled sheet. They are fastened with self-tapping screws or other suitable fasteners.
• If the room is not heated, such a layer as thermal insulation can be missed. A waterproofing material is laid on the base. Roofing material is used as a waterproof coating. It is spread in overlapping strips (about 150 mm) and additionally fixed with slats, which are placed along the slope of the roof.

This is the simplest version of a flat roof that can be mounted on a utility unheated room do it yourself with minimum costs money and time.

Assembling a flat roof on heated buildings

In residential buildings with a heating system roofing cake a flat roof will be different. Here you will definitely need a thermal insulation layer, high-quality hydro and vapor barrier. The presence of the latter is equally important, as water vapor can gradually ruin the entire roofing cake.

• The overlap under the base is collected from wooden beams, which are located every 900-1000 mm.
• They are covered with a flooring of planks with a cross section of 40-50 millimeters. The thickness of the lumber is selected depending on the distance between the beams. The larger it is, the thicker the boards are needed.
• Roofing material is laid on the flooring, it is cut and straightened in advance. Waterproofing sheets are laid with an overlap of about 100-150 mm.
• The thermal insulation layer can be made using the bulk method. For this, expanded clay is poured onto the resulting base with a layer of up to 300 mm and it is leveled.
• Next, a layer of thermal insulation backfill is poured cement-sand screed(at least 30 mm thick).
• After the cement has set, the surface is covered with bituminous soil and covered with a layer of roofing material.

It is also possible to install a more solid monolithic concrete roof.

Monolithic concrete flat roof

In this version, a solid concrete base is made by hand.

• An I-beam is used as support beams, which is laid at the level without forming a slope.
• For pouring, it will be necessary to prepare concrete of a grade not lower than M250, it is prepared in a concrete mixer, maintaining a ratio of 4: 1.5: 1: 1, where the ingredients are crushed stone (20-25mm), cement (M400), water and sand, respectively.
• For pouring, a base is made of boards, which are mounted on the lower shelves of I-beams and covered with roofing material.
• On top of the waterproofing, fine gravel is poured, which is poured with the resulting concrete. The fill must be done in one go, otherwise the structure of the roof will not be the same.
• Next, expanded clay is poured and a slope is made.

Unveiling

Slope is the formation of slight slopes on the surface of a flat roof, which allows water to be removed from its surface. The drainage system is assembled in two versions: external and internal. That is, the trays can be fixed to the end of the roof or on its surface.

With the internal arrangement of the drainage gutters, the presence of water collectors is planned in advance, the number of which is calculated as follows - 1 funnel per 25 square meters roof area.

The deflection can be formed in the following ways.

• When backfilling expanded clay, the required slope is planned. Then the bulk material is poured with a cement screed.
• If a heat insulator is used in the form of cotton wool or foam, its sheets are positioned so that they form the required slope of the plane.
• With a monolithic concrete roof, pouring is carried out in such a way as to form the required slope of 3 degrees.

The entire unfolding process should be planned in advance and made a preliminary drawing diagram. If the required slope is not maintained, the accumulated water will gradually ruin the entire roofing cake, nullifying its protective function.