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Beautiful roofs are one of the elements of modern suburban real estate decor. Before you do right choice the shape of the roof, it is necessary to understand what types of roofs are currently available.

The roof belongs to the category of the most important elements of home ownership that perform a protective function. The element prevents negative external influences that can cause rain, snow mass, gusts of wind, and other adverse natural phenomena to the house. It is not at all difficult to make the roof correctly, if you know the features of such a design and pay enough attention to the choice of roofing material. When choosing a roof, it is also important to consider whether a design is chosen for one-story buildings or structures with an exit
to the second floor.

The roof must necessarily comply with several, the most basic requirements, which are represented not only by sufficient indicators of resistance to impacts external factors, but also high level strength. Correctly chosen construction provides good thermal insulation and waterproofing performance. Attractive appearance roofs, as well as resistance to fire, which is especially important on wooden and flammable households.

Types of roofs (video)

Types of roofs for a private house by frame design

Modern varieties, depending on frame features and geometric shapes, can be represented by flat and pitched roofs. The first option is most often settled on buildings for household and utility purposes, including garages, sheds and tracks. The main disadvantage is represented by the inability to arrange the attic space. Pitched structures are installed on standard residential buildings, and are distinguished by the presence or absence of an equipped attic space. The pitched roof can be insulated or cold.

Single slope option

The simplest and most affordable system to build, based on walls of varying heights. As a rule, it is used in the construction of ancillary buildings and other ancillary buildings, as well as on country buildings... In addition to the obvious advantages, the choice of such a design is carried out taking into account the disadvantages presented by the lack of an attic and not very attractive appearance.

Shed roof

Diamonds option

The tambourine roof is characterized by diamond-shaped bevels, and has an external resemblance to the Sudeikin roof. The main difference is represented by the absence of kinks, and a simpler construction of the rafter system. It is used for the arrangement of households with a square base, mainly in one-story private housing construction.

Gable version

The most common and highly practical roofing system, consisting of a pair of ramps connected by a ridge element and having both a symmetrical and almost asymmetrical appearance. Slopes may vary in length and angle. Under such a frame, an attic or an attic room can be easily equipped. Wall pieces, called gables, serve as a boundary to the attic space.

Gable roof

Hip option

Replacing the gables with two triangular slopes allows you to get a hip roof structure. In this case, the slopes are called hips, and their upper part is represented by dormers. Complex structures of this type are erected by professionals, but their specifications several orders of magnitude higher than simple roofs.

Half-hip option

A construction that occupies an intermediate position between a gable and a hip roof, characterized by trapezoidal end gables and the presence of a half-hip-shaped upper part. Correctly designed gables allow you to equip full-fledged ok on, and thanks to its attractive appearance, the half-hip roof becomes a real decoration of home ownership.

Hip version

One of the varieties of the hip type, represented by three or more slopes, which converge at one point at the top. The design does not have a ridge element and is characterized by the symmetry of the slopes... The option is most often used for home ownership that has a regular polygonal or square shape.

Multi-pliers option

If it is necessary to equip buildings that have the appearance of a complex polygon, as a rule, multi-gable roofs are used, characterized by very complex structural elements and a complex rafter system.

Broken variant

A mansard roof on a private household is quite often represented by a broken type of construction. A characteristic feature of such a rafter system is a rather large angle of inclination or break, which positively affects the ability to fully use the entire usable area of ​​the attic space.

Dome and conical version

Varieties of this type are quite rare on private residential households. Such a spherical roof, most often, covers only part of the usable area of ​​home ownership, therefore it is one of the elements in the form of a veranda roof or decorative turrets.

Combined option

The most complex design, which is a combination of types such as hip-roof, multi-gable and half-hip. Differs in an unusual appearance and is distinguished by a large number of dormer windows, closed small balconies and verandas.

Gallery: types of roofs by design (57 photos)

Varieties of roofs for a private house on a slope

An important criterion for the construction of a roof is the slope relative to the horizontal level. The roof can be low-slope or flat, with a medium slope level, as well as steep, made on the basis of strongly-sloped slopes. It should be remembered that different types of roofing materials imply the implementation of a different pitched slope.

Slate covering

Mounting of asbestos-cement corrugated sheets is used exclusively with a roof slope within the range of 13-60 °. Smaller values ​​cause infiltration of water and snow mass, which causes a significant reduction in service life.

Requires an optimal slope in the range of 30-60 °. If the laying of such a tile covering is carried out on roofs with a slope of less than 25 °, then it will be necessary to improve the ventilation system and waterproofing.

Metal roofing

A very popular and widespread option in suburban construction the roofing material does not have a standardized maximum slope, and the minimum roof slope is only 15 °.

Covering on the basis of profiled decking

This option is used mainly when arranging a roof on all kinds of outbuildings. It is necessary to equip a coating of this type with a minimum slope of 10 °.

Bituminous tile covering

One of the most convenient roofing materials in work and operation is used on structures with a slope level of at least 12 °. The maximum tilt angle is not limited. The material is perfect for complex structures with any curvature.

Bituminous tile covering

Bituminous slate coating

Roofing corrugated sheet material is used when arranging structures with a slope angle of at least 5 °. There is no maximum limit for such material, but at the same time, the step of the installed lathing frame base must be taken into account.

Seam cover

Quite expensive, but the most durable and attractive outwardly roofing material should be laid with a slope of at least 20 °. There are no maximum restrictions at all.

How the roof works (video)

Types of roofing materials for roofs for private

Even though currently domestic and foreign manufacturers produce a large number of all kinds roofing,all materials for arranging a roof can be conditionally divided into three main types:

• economy class and differing in a not too pronounced attractive appearance, but having consistently good quality characteristics. The category of the most popular types is represented by slate, profiled flooring and ondulin;
• business class and presented by modern soft roofing, as well as metal tiles. Due to the sufficiently high quality characteristics, such coatings are distinguished by good waterproofing data and are able to give the equipped home ownership an attractive appearance;
• related to the premium class, and includes the most expensive options, which include high quality ceramic tiles, as well as beautiful and very durable copper.

If necessary, the homeowner can always replace the inaccessible material with less expensive, but quite high quality roofing material.

Features of drawing up a project for the roof of a private house with your own hands

When compiled by yourself project documentation on the roof being erected over a private household, several factors must be taken into account at once. One of the most important is the sloping slope of the structure. For a pitched roof, it usually does not exceed 20-30o. Plane on mansard roofs ah are installed with an angle of 45-60⁰ at the bottom and about 25-35⁰ at the top of the structure. Traditional gable structures are designed with an indicator at the level of 25-45⁰.

When designing a roof, you need to know that in areas with strong and gusty winds, when choosing, the force of the wind load must be taken into account and correctly calculated. If it is supposed to equip a useful attic space, then it is advisable to give preference to a hipped or gable model. Broken roofs are characterized by an excellent appearance, but such varieties should be combined with the layout of home ownership. Among other things, due to the structural complexity, it will be quite difficult to build this type of roofing structure with your own hands.

The project must necessarily display all the main elements represented by the supporting structure in the form of inclined or hanging rafters, the base for the coating, heat and waterproofing, the type of roofing and the location of the ventilation gap.

How to choose a roof (video)

Design of original roofs for the house

V last years the hipped roof is gaining momentum, suggesting the presence of four to eight planes, which not only contributes to the best removal of rainwater and snow mass, but also allows you to get a beautiful coating. A beautiful roof structure is also obtained by combining several gable elements or two or three types of slopes at once. However, when choosing this option, you need to remember that it can be very difficult to maintain such a structure in good condition, as well as to install it, so most often homeowners resort to the help of specialists in the field of roofing and construction.

Attention, only TODAY!

The roof is a structure that serves as the end of the house at the top of it

Roof construction is one of the most important moments in the process of building a house. When constructing a roof, it is very important to follow the roof installation technology, the violation of which can lead to troubles: loss of heat, leakage or even distortion and destruction of the entire roof frame. In order for the roof to cope with its protective functions, it must be properly built.

The roof is an essential element of any building. Regardless of the type of roof and the materials from which it is made, this structure must be durable and fulfill its main functions. The main purpose of each roof is to protect the building from any bad weather, and in the case of the attic floor - to serve as a high-quality hydro and heat insulator.

The roof structure, designed in accordance with the expected loads and architectural features of the building, will not only decorate the structure, but also provide it with reliable protection. The more carefully the structure of the roof is thought out and the more accurate the calculations of the parameters of the constituent elements of its structure are, the more practical it will be in the course of further operation.

Based on the slope of the roofing system, they can be pitched or flat. The latter are installed horizontally or with a slope not exceeding 3%. Pitched roofs consist of inclined planes intersecting with their tops - slopes.

The slope of such roofs is calculated based on the used roofing material. So, when covering the roof with ceramic tiles, the slope is determined by the ratio 1: 2, and if with sheets of metal tiles - 1: 3 (L = 16). Roofs with a slope of 15% or more are classified as steep, up to 15% - flat.

What parts does the roofing system of buildings consist of?

Regardless of the features of the structure on which the installation of the roof is planned, its structure is assembled from the following main elements:

• mauerlat;
• rafter system;
• lathing;
• waterproofing;
• thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier;
• roofing material.

Mauerlat acts as a solid foundation for roof structures. it top harness from beams made of wood or reinforced concrete. The bars must be firmly attached to the walls of the structure. The upper surface of beams or wooden logs should be horizontal, since the rest of the structural elements will be mounted on it in the future. To protect the wood of the beams from moisture, several layers of roofing material can be laid on them.

The rafter system is the most important part of the roof structure, defining its shape and providing the necessary protection and stability to the entire building. Often, the characteristics of a given roof element determine its type and shape and allow the creation of unique roofing systems. The rafters must withstand not only the effects of weather conditions, but also the total weight of the roof. Usually, the size of the timber for the frames of the truss systems is 5x15 cm.

Important!

To evenly distribute the load, the rafter beams are reinforced with additional supports: spacers laid on the Mauerlat parallel to the rafters, vertical uprights, inclined struts, as well as ridge and side girders located across the rafters.

To fasten the roofing material, a crate of small strips or boards is laid on the rafters. Wood planks are located at a certain distance from each other, depending on the type of roofing material. If the roofing is of a roll type, the pitch of the lathing should be no more than 1 cm.Under metal tiles or polycarbonate sheets, a pitch of about 60 cm is optimal.

For waterproofing, namely protecting the roof from moisture penetration from the outside, a layer of a special film is used. It can be positioned under or on top of the batten, avoiding excessive tension and sagging of the layer. At the joints of the canvas, the films are laid with an overlap of 20 cm in size and firmly fixed with construction tape.

There is a large selection of thermal insulation materials for roof insulation. They can be stacked or sprayed between the rafter joists without leaving gaps. Uneven distribution of insulation can adversely affect the quality of the thermal insulation layer and lead to a decrease in its performance.

Important!

To prevent the accumulation of excess moisture in the roofing system, it is necessary to arrange special gaps to ensure sufficient ventilation.

To protect against moisture penetration into the roof from the inside of the structure, the insulation is covered with another layer of film. Special membrane films are designed in such a way as to absorb water vapor without letting it inside the roof. In the future, the absorbed moisture gradually evaporates.

The uppermost part and face of the roof is the roofing material. To cover the roof, metal sheets, slate, corrugated board, roofing steel are mainly used. Less commonly, roofs are made of polycarbonate, ceramic tiles, glass.

Types of roof structures depending on the shape

In terms of shape, there are a wide variety of roofing options. V modern construction mainly carried out by the device pitched roofs... Horizontal structures cannot fully protect the building from adverse weather conditions. A lot of snow is retained on their surface, and during rain, moisture can seep into the building.

Pitched roofs differ in the number of sloped roofs. The simplest and most economical single slope roof structure. The frame system of such a roof is mounted on the walls of the house with a certain slope, due to the fact that they have different heights. On attic floor with such a roof it will not be possible to equip a residential attic. And the building looks rustic with such a roof. Such polycarbonate roofs are often built on terraces, balconies, verandas.

Gable

Gable (gable) roofs are widely used in construction wooden house in the suburbs or private buildings in small towns. Often it can be found in country buildings. 2 slopes of such a roof are interconnected by means of a ridge - a horizontally located rib. This type of roofing is the most common and most practical. The space under such a roof, bounded on the sides by parts of the walls of the structure, can be used as an attic or attic. The original look of the building can be given by installing ramps that differ in width or slope angle.

Varieties of hip roofs

A very reliable and durable design made in European style is hip roof(Dutch). Its frame consists of 4 slopes: 2 triangular, located instead of pediments, and 2 trapezoidal slopes. The construction of such a roof is a rather complicated and time-consuming process, but the result justifies the efforts made.

Advice!

Sometimes, in order to achieve a triangle shape on the unused part of the pediment, its lower part is covered with a slope. In this part, a window is usually mounted.

Even more complex in execution is the half-hip type of roofs. Such a roof has truncated triangular slopes located above the trapezoidal ones. In addition to additional attractiveness, it is characterized by high functional qualities. In addition, the half-hip design allows you to arrange a rather large window on the pediment.

Hip frame roofing is also a type of hip type. It is formed by three or more slopes, with their tops connected at the top at one point. The peculiarity of this roof is the absence of a ridge. Symmetrical triangular slopes create an impressive design. This type of roof is usually used in houses with a polygonal or square shape.

Multi-gable design

For installation in structures of a polygonal shape, a multi-gable frame roof is suitable. This type of roof is a rather complex structure and requires a carefully thought out, precisely drawn up plan.

For the construction of a residential attic, a broken roof is installed on the attic floor. The fractures of its slopes have a significant angle of inclination, which ensures the formation of a large free space under the roof.

Dome roof structure

Rounded roofs in the form of a cone or dome are not installed along the entire perimeter of the building. They cover such building elements as decorative turrets or rounded terraces.

Combined roof options

Combined roof structures can combine a wide variety of frame types.

The combined roof can include various elements of hip roofs. The multi-gable design can be equipped with a large number of compact glass windows, small balconies, as well as polycarbonate verandas or terraces. Thus, they allow you to embody the most daring and original design solutions. Their main disadvantage is complex installation and rather expensive maintenance.

What type of roofing system to choose for a private house

In construction practice, a wide variety of types of roofs of private houses are used. Basically, the rise of this or that type of roof depends on the wishes and financial capabilities of the owner of the house. Currently, it is possible to install the most unusual roofing systems: glass, metal, polycarbonate coverings, ceramic or metal tiles.

Giving preference to any type of roof, the owner of a private house thereby determines the features of the future frame truss system. It is also taken into account in what weather conditions the building will be located, how the use of the attic space is planned. If a residential attic is planned, the desired number of rooms in the space under the roof, as well as their purpose, are taken into account.

Roof covering materials

Various building materials are used to cover roof structures: rigid and flexible, piece and rolls, profiled and flat. Some use for roofing small house, others - for a multi-storey city building, and others - for utility buildings.

Sheet roof:

• sheets of metal tiles;
• corrugated board;
• ondulin (euro slate, aqualin);
• slate;
• copper folded sheets, as well as aluminum or steel.

Profiled sheet and metal tiles are valued, first of all, for their durability. Slate is over budget option... A folded covering, in contrast to metal tiles, is more often used when sheltering industrial buildings.

Soft types of materials:

• flexible tile. A multi-gable structure is mainly mounted from it;
• roll roofing (stekloizol, waterproofing);
• membrane roofing (EPDM, TPO, PVC), for example, polycarbonate sheets.

Piece materials:

• ceramic tiles;
• bulk (mastic);
• slate roof.

In the construction of country houses, polycarbonate covers are often mounted. Thanks to its characteristics, the roof is durable and lightweight. This material is durable and lightweight, transmits daylight and is an alternative to glass coatings. Polycarbonate roofing is used in the construction of terraces, attics, verandas, greenhouses. Due to the presence of air chambers, polycarbonate sheets are distinguished by high sound insulation and excellently retain heat inside the room. In addition, the cost of polycarbonate is lower than glass coatings.

Functions and types of structures of the eaves of the roof

The overhang of the eaves protruding beyond the perimeter of the walls of the house is designed to protect against precipitation. Cornice elements mask the connection line of the inner surface of the roof slopes with the walls of the house and make the facade of the building complete.

Eaves overhangs are equipped on the sides of the building and on the side of its facade due to the protruding edges of the inclined slopes. The overhang of the side cornice is usually 50 cm, the frontal - about 1 m.

To ensure the safe operation of the front cornice, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the choice of materials.

Important!

An important point when finishing the cornice, it is imperative to ensure sufficient ventilation, regardless of the type of design chosen and the size of the cornice.

In total, the number of ventilation openings should be up to 1/400 of the area of ​​the interior space.

Types of roof structures

The roof frame system is an important structural element of any building. Depending on the materials of manufacture, roof frames are divided into the following types:

• a concrete-type frame structure is used for the manufacture of flat or gently sloping single-slope systems, consists of special slabs;
• the roofing system of the truss type is a frame made of lumber. This option is optimal for the installation of various types of pitched roofs;
• in industrial houses, it is advisable to install metal roof frames made of durable metal beams;

In the construction of private houses, mainly frame is used gable roof from lumber.

Important!

The roof frame is subjected to heavy loads during operation. To ensure the safety and reliable protection of the building, it must be as strong and high quality as possible.

For the construction of the roof of a multi-storey apartment building, metal or concrete single-slope structures are often used.

The choice of the shape of the roof and the variety of roofing material is largely determined by the features of the architectural configuration of the structure, weather conditions, the planned direction of water flow, as well as the individual preferences of the owner of the house. Regardless of the type of roof, if desired, it can be supplemented and old elements replaced with new ones.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor... Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Teacher of History and Theory of Culture ”. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

V modern concept a roof of a house is not only a covering, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building that can emphasize its individuality and originality, and change the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will also affect the interior atmosphere, comfort and coziness.

Whatever it was, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used in the construction of a private house.

If we consider all roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.

Flat roof

Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of inclination, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow on its surface and melt water... Because of this, the lifespan of a flat roof is drastically reduced, making it appear less acceptable than a pitched roof structure. Often, a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).

Pitched roof

Pitched roof much preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face face to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and its difficult to repair.

Roof with attic

Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roof. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages, you need to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point will be the decision on the attic, whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the overlap, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what should be roofing cake, heat and waterproofing.

Attic (attic)

Attic (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be roof surfaces located at a sharp angle. This roof is interesting externally, but effective area the attic space will be slightly reduced, since good roof anchorage is needed. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own; it is better to attract professionals.

In most cases, a roof without an attic has a kink, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, reducing the usable area of ​​the attic. Having a fantasy and design ideas props can be sheathed with plywood, after which niches and cabinets for seasonal things can be made there.

Shed roof

Shed roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is comfortable and practical, but very boring in appearance, and you cannot equip an attic under it.

Gable roof

Gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the most ancient, but it is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes, connected at the top of the ridge. The gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. All in all it is very user-friendly and practical option, perfect solution for those who want to equip an attic.

Hip roof

Hip roof - a kind of hipped roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its performance, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.

Half hip roof

Half hip roof - this is something between hip and gable roof... The lateral planes are truncated - they have a half-hip shape, their length is 2-3 times less than that of the main planes. On the pediment of the building, you can put vertical windows, and half-hips will become a decorative element.

Tent

Tent - the structure of this roof has 3 or more slopes, which are collected in one upper point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then the hipped roof will be the best solution. It is resistant to winds, is original in appearance and is able to reliably protect the house.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof - the most difficult, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The rafter system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is mandatory here. If all goes well, you can eventually get your dream home.

Sloping roof

Sloping roof - a kind of attic roof, because it is under it that the attic is often equipped. The upper part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a kink and the angle increases sharply, thereby the useful area of ​​the attic will practically not be affected, but it side walls will be reliably protected.

Conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because practically no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use and difficult to repair. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.

Combined roof

Combined roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped roof, hip roof and multi-gable roof. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, cause envy among neighbors and delight among your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and you need to spend capital on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth it only for the owner of the home to decide.

When building a house great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions has such important detail the whole structure, like a roof. A variety of types of roofs, depending on the form factor, type, size, and design features require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.

To answer the question, what are the forms of the roof, consider some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are distinguished in two main categories:

Flat roof

Flat roofs - the angle of inclination of such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if we relate this angle to the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses is very rare. This is due to the fact that the maintenance of roofs of this form becomes problematic. In rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in the winter season, the accumulated snow will need to be removed by yourself.

Apparently, due to these reasons, such types of roofs in private construction are not widespread everywhere, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and use the resulting additional area with benefit, arranging a recreation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.

Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use, usually the angle of inclination of such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. In the winter season and in rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it, snow or rainwater calmly leaves the drainage system. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has gained such popularity in private construction.

What are the roofs of houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofs of this type:

• single-slope;
• steep gable;
• gently sloping gable;
• broken (attic) gable;
• semi-hip hipped;
• hip hip;
• hip hip.

One of the most convenient in construction are single-pitched roofs, which have a slope of no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. Carry out installation pitched roofs easy enough, but they still rarely can be found in the country or suburban construction residential buildings, basically, this type of roof is used for outbuildings.

If it becomes necessary to use an attic space, then a mansard roof is built, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use, these types of roofs do well with different types loads, including wind loads. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Much more building materials are consumed for its construction and a competent team of professionals is required so that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.

When choosing a roof and its type, all factors must be taken into account. Don't just look at the characteristics of the lifespan or other practical parameters, but also consider what appearance and shape your roof will have in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.

For example, a mansard roof looks not only aesthetically beautiful due to its broken shapes, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a lot of snow, then the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.

What types of roofs are there? Let's take a closer look at them.

The most popular types of roofs of houses today

The popularity of this or that type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or by the economic factor, or by the climatic conditions of the area. Let's briefly talk about what kind of roofs are and why they are so good and popular today.

Gable roof

It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes first. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard roofs or domed ones, as well as hip roofs.

This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on the same height of the wall and forming a space in the form of a triangle (tongs) is sometimes called a "gable roof". The installation of such a roof is much more difficult than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. In terms of design, a gable roof looks much better than a pitched roof.

Hip roof

Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, of which two are trapezoidal, and two are triangular.
This type of roof got its name from the word "hips", which means triangular slopes, which are located on the front side. In the construction of such a roof, beams and double tightening are used. In addition, it follows mandatory equipment gutters for each slope, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a steep enough slope can divert both water and snow, as well as withstand strong gusty winds. The erection of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, since a rather complicated one is used. rafter system.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roof, which differs from hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the high consumption of material for covering those parts of the roof that are adjacent to the edges of the roof.

Mansard roof or sloping

Also applies to gable roofs with broken slope lines. Such kinks increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal gables of the mansard roofs attract the eye of almost all passers-by. It is not very difficult to build such a roof. However, during construction, you are unlikely to do without insulating your attic.

The cost of the roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of building the entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option for obtaining additional premises... Therefore, it is very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and lounges for young family members and guests.

But why does the attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is, of course, connected with the need to insulate the roof, living quarters require this. Additional infusions will be required and due to the inevitable complication of the construction of the roof with an attic, there can be no struts and stretch marks that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with such a roof shape (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of the living quarters.

The presence of the attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof appears. Heat insulating material with inner lining usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and from the outside, the sheathing is mounted and the direct roof covering is laid. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen roof structures due to multi-layer roofing. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distance between them. The use of metal truss structures can be considered a successful solution to this problem.

One of the important positive aspects of the attic roof, it can be considered that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.

If you have a desire to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at attic type roofs. This is a great option!

Flat roof

Previously, flat roofs were not popular in private housing construction. But recently, interest in flat roofs has grown again and is in the field of vision of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs are unique because of their flat surface. On such a roof, you can set up a flower garden, arrange a sports field or a small pool. This solution is especially well suited for areas with a warm climate. Although in middle lane Russia can apply this roof option if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or the entire flat roof from annoying rainfall.

There are many of the most different types similar awnings, but transparent glass structures... They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your house, you can use special lamps for evening lighting. And here you can also find a great place to solar panels and water heating elements, if necessary.

To the merits flat roofs small costs for its construction can be attributed, since the cost decreases due to the reduction total area roof and lack of complex rafter structures.

Many do not dare to erect such roofs, fearing problems with the drainage system. But you should not be afraid of this, the device of drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult to perform than creating storm sewer... And the roof itself should have a slight, barely noticeable slope so that the water that appears can drain to the drainage systems. Drainage systems are usually arranged outside and inside the house.

Many people find it convenient to combine storm sewers with internal sewerage buildings, but do not forget to take into account the level of precipitation in your area.

The disadvantages of a flat roof include a problem with thermal insulation. It is difficult to cope with the strong heating of living quarters during the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a protection system against cold (as in the mansard roof version).

If the attic is the "heat exchanger" in a pitched roof, then in a house with a flat roof it is necessary to create it in a special way. The main thing is to know that between the ceiling of the living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in any form. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts that are best positioned under the roofing material.

Less popular, but no less interesting types of roofs of houses

In this section, we will consider what types of roofs are there, besides the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group presents types and structures of roofs of unusual and beautiful shapes, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the forms of the roof original designs and where they can be used, we will briefly present them later in the text.

Shed roof

Salient feature This type of roof consists in the fact that it has a rafter system that rests on walls of different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, due to this, a slope is formed. Such roofs are easy enough to erect, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials such as ondulin, slate, roofing felt. The convenience of such roofs is obvious, precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, you can clearly understand where you need to install water drains, ensuring the building is securely dry.

The truth and the disadvantages are obvious. One of the most important is that the room will be without an attic. Today, it is very rare to see private houses that would have a pitched roof.

Hipped roof

It usually has four slopes of identical triangles that converge at one top point. If you like houses in the shape of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then a hipped roof, which looks like a tent and looks great, will help you out. However, it is not easy to mount such a roof; it has a very complex rafter system.

Multi-gable roof

Standard roof of this type(it is also called the valley) has a very complex structure: a large number of external edges and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists who have experience in installing it. The multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal houses, which have many different annexes and side attics.

Dome roof

Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the whole structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and both soft materials (glass-insulated, roofing material, bituminous tiles) and flexible materials (galvanized steel or plastic tiles) are used to cover the roof. Some lovers of the old and unique style today decorate their "castles" with domed roofs of various sizes.

Spherical roof

Spherical roof construction has become a little more popular lately. Under this type of roof, gazebos are usually placed, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or dome type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But nevertheless, it loses very significantly to such types of roofs as a gable roof, or a mansard roof.

Green roof

At the green roof, natural soil and planted greens serve as roofing, while the plants grow on the same well-groomed

soil. Everybody is present at the green roof positive properties flat roofs, but when creating

eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) using a special ventilation gasket. This pad not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to conserve the water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.

Another plus can be considered the fact that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development of the latest technologies in this direction. If you have a desire to be the owner of a "trendy" roofed home, then create your dream with a beautiful comfortable flat green roof.

Roof types in terms of materials for covering

Having decided on the type of roof attic, gable, and perhaps domed, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that are optimal for each type. What kind of roofs are there, and what material they are covered with - we will try to answer these questions in this section.

Common today are the five types of roofing that are most applicable in construction - roll, from materials based on various mastics, typesetting types (sheet), as well as membrane. Let's consider them in more detail.

Roll roofs

To make this type of roof, special bituminous and polymer materials, in which the base is cardboard, fiberglass. In the process of making such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and others. beneficial features... It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracking, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.

When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But not just laid, but glued to each other with mastic or fused on top of each other.

This type of roofing would be versatile, easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some drawbacks. This material is not very attractive in appearance, this material can be rotting. Therefore, often such roofing material is most often used to overlap sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a pitched roof.

Membrane roofs

This type of roof covering has a very high puncture resistance or tensile strength. Membrane coatings are used for installation on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover the roof with this material quickly enough. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep the roofs intact for a long time.

Sheet roofing materials

This type of roofing can be attributed to more than modern species such as metal tiles, artificial slate made from bitumen and corrugated cardboard sheets.

• Artificial slate can be found on many roofs, it is a sheet of asbestos cement, has a waveform that can be painted in a variety of colors. The paint, of course, is very decorating, this type of coating, the material takes on a wonderful appearance. Good characteristics at temperature extremes can also speak in favor of this coating. And the service time is long enough and can be up to 40 years.
• Metal tile is a very popular material today, it can be observed on different types and the forms of roofs, whether it is a hip roof, or a mansard roof. These are galvanized sheets, which have a special decorative coating made of polymers and this coating reliably protects the roof from most types of adverse weather influences.
• Bituminous cardboard sheets - made of pressed cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen. The thicker the outer layer, the longer this type of coating will last. Such sheets were also included in the "people" under the name "euro slate". Its main advantages are ease of work with this material, good enough elasticity. But in terms of service life, this material loses to the rest. Euroslate "lives" on average 30 years.

Roofs made of piece roofing materials

Main and main representative piece material, you can safely call ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it is already several thousand years old. It can still be seen on all shapes and types of roofs. The performance characteristics of this material are very high. Ceramic tiles do not require constant maintenance, they meet environmental characteristics, and are soundproof. And also has the ability not to accumulate static stress, as in other materials.

Well, the most main feature of this material, in its unique durability. In one of the western countries there is even old castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and still stands under tiled roof, safe and sound

They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles is their high weight. But on the other hand, it is this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand strong snow and wind.

Today, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar ones from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand that are included in the final product. Such analogs may be easier for laying work, but they significantly reduce the service life of the material.

Briefly, we will also mention this type of material as flexible shingles. It is made from fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is used. The inner side is covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber-bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this coating is very low. And the most important advantage is that it can be easily and quickly replaced without having to dismantle the entire coating.

Sandwich panel roof

It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of the "fast construction" technology. They are made from 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature extremes, in the range from -50 to +50.

Such panels will look good on roofs of different types and types, but they are mainly used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, hangars. If desired, such panels can be safely painted in any color, which, of course, allows you to improve the aesthetic appearance of buildings made of this material.

Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves well in the construction of sheds, utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this fashion for sandwich panels, which came to us from the west.

With the help of sandwich panels, it is quite easy to erect the roof of a building, while inside the room it will be comfortable and warm in winter period, and the summer will be pleasantly cool. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, can be attributed only to a relatively short service life, only 30 years.

When getting ready and preparing for the construction of a roof, it is necessary to think over everything to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and high-quality protection, with or without an attic. And of course, you need to make your choice suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof delights the soul and the eyes!

So, it has long been known that each house can give information about its owner much more than he can tell about himself. The walls of the house, and especially its roof, will tell not only about prosperity, but also about the tastes of its owners. Remember this when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.

The roofs of private houses are divided into several different categories, depending on the shape, structural elements, the complexity of the device, and more. The choice of the type of roof during the construction of a building should be taking into account many factors: the amount of precipitation in a particular area, the strength of the structure, the wind load, the arrangement of living rooms in the attic, etc.

The roof of the house performs several important functions at once:

• provides hydro and noise insulation;
• creates a barrier from the wind;
• acts as a thermal barrier.

The durability of the structure depends on the quality of the structure itself and the roofing material. Also, these indicators affect the cost of heating rooms inside the building.

Flat and pitched roofs

The roofs of houses can be flat and pitched (inclined).

Depending on the architecture of the building, the appropriate roof structure is selected even at the design stage. Drawings are created, and calculations are carried out, taking into account all the features of this architectural structure. The layout of the roof - an attic or living quarters - is also thought out in advance.

Flat structures are found mainly in countries that receive insignificant annual rainfall. Since with abundant rainfall, water will accumulate on such a roof, and it can begin to leak. In the vastness of our country, pitched roofs are used in the construction of buildings. The plane of such structures is located at a certain angle, usually it is more than 10 degrees and depends on the abundance of precipitation falling during the season in the region.

All other advantages and disadvantages of flat roofs can be learned in more detail in this special video.

Much more often they use projects of roofs of private houses with an inclined structure, which can have several slopes at once.

Attic and attic roofs

By their design, roofs can be divided into attic and attic roofs. In the case of the attic, the load-bearing elements of its structure are at the same time the overlap of the upper floor of the house. They can be ventilated or non-ventilated. Attic roofs have attic floor, which separates their structure from the living quarters.

Roof purpose

When choosing a roof for a house, you should decide in advance how its space will be used: as a simple attic or living room. These moments significantly affect which shape and type of roof is suitable for your home.

The main types of roofs of houses in shape

Roof structures of private houses in their form can also be divided into several types:

• single-slope,
• gable,
• hip,
• multi-pliers,
• attic,
• tent,
• domed,
• conical,
• flat.

For pitched roofs, the angle of inclination usually does not exceed 20-30 ⁰. The planes of mansard roofs are set at an angle of 45-60⁰ in the lower part and 25-35⁰ in the upper part. For conventional gable structures, this figure is in the range of 25-45⁰.

Hip roofs offer 4-8 planes for better rain and snow removal.

Beautiful roof structures of private houses are obtained by combining several gable elements or types, however, maintaining such structures in good condition and installing them is not easy.

Shed roof

It has a fairly simple form. At the same time, in the arrangement of private residential buildings, this type of roof is extremely rare, since with such a design, the load on the rainwater drainage system increases significantly, and they just do not look very beautiful.

In most cases, such roofs are used in the construction of small width outbuildings. If you nevertheless decide to equip just this type of roof, then you will need a reinforced drainage system that has a higher capacity.

Gable roof

Also with a very simple structure, they are the most common type of roof for private low-rise buildings. When arranging it, you can use almost any roofing materials.

Hip (hipped) roof

Hip (hipped) roof is more common in the southern regions. With this option for arranging the roof, the attic does not have gables, and the dormers, in most cases, are located at the intersection of the ridge with the ribs of the hip. By its design, a hip roof is much more complicated than a gable roof, therefore it is more often used in cases when a building needs to be aesthetically pleasing.

Multi-gable roof

The multi-gable roof view is distinguished by an impressive amount of different options execution, depending on the size and number of forceps (gables). It is recommended to trust its construction only to experienced professionals, since its arrangement is accompanied by the formation of sunken corners, which require very precise and accurate roofing work.

Roof roof

As a rule, they are equipped in cases where the use of an attic for living quarters is expected. This type of roof has a broken profile and, accordingly, is somewhat difficult to manufacture. It is often a type of multi-gable and gable roof.

Other types of roofs for private houses

In addition, conical, domed and combined types roofs. Conical and domed roofs are often used as decorative or individual elements of more complex building structures. The combined type is one of the most common types of roofs, since it combines several elements of separate types at once.

The choice of the type and shape of roofs for private houses

When choosing the shape and type of roof, it is necessary to take into account the factors on which its performance depends. First of all, you should pay attention to the slope of the roof. In snowy areas, it is advisable to select designs with simple and steep shapes, since snow will practically not accumulate on such areas.

In areas with strong winds, the strength of the wind load must be taken into account when choosing.
The higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination, area and height of the roof. In addition, it is required to take into account the fire protection requirements for roofs.

Read also

Insulation of the roof of the house

Glass roofs for private houses

Many owners country cottages dream of enjoying the view starry sky... Roof projects for private houses can involve both partial glazing and the arrangement of a transparent dome. Glass roofing is installed on the terrace, balconies, veranda.

The shape of the roof for private houses and various kinds of structures is performed in the form of an inclined plane, dome, sphere. Panoramic glass roofs are mounted on several slopes, which significantly increases the viewing area. During the installation of such a structure, it is necessary to use reinforced aluminum and steel profiles.

Glass roofs for private houses have their own distinctive features... When designing a structure, it should be borne in mind that it will be necessary to periodically wash and repair the glass. The roof, like the windows, will eventually tarnish from dust and precipitation on its surface. It is also advisable to install a heating system on the glass so that ice and snow do not accumulate on them in cold weather, and you can enjoy the views.

Materials for transparent roofs

To create transparent and, at the same time, warm and safe roofs are used:

• glass triplex,
• plexiglass,
• polycarbonate,
• transparent slate.

Ordinary glass is not used to create transparent roofs due to its high fragility; if broken, the fragments can harm human health.

1. Triplex is the safest material for creating a safe coating.
2. Laminated glass also does not shatter when broken, however, the light transmittance is not very high and it is very thick.
3. Reinforced glass is sometimes used for roof glazing. If the glass breaks, the shards will remain in the wire mesh frame.
4. Plastic translucent materials - polycarbonate, plexiglass and slate have excellent properties (lightness and high strength), which make it possible to use them to create complex sliding structures.

The device of a simple roof of a wooden country house

Roof projects usually involve maximum use of the attic space, for which the upstairs room is expanded and insulated. The resulting usable attic area can be used for housing.

The roof structure of a wooden house consists of a frame and a roof. The roof frame consists of load-bearing and fastening elements. The main part includes: rafters, mauerlat and crate. Important additional elements of the frame are transoms, struts, struts, etc. They add rigidity to the structure.

The height and volume of the resulting room depend on two factors: the angle of inclination and the number of slopes. Usually roof projects country houses suggest a gable broken shape. This design is most convenient for human life. Sometimes on the second floor the plan includes a balcony. It should be taken into account that at the maximum point, the height of the attic floor should not be less than 2.2 m.

The interior of a conventional gable roof can also be used as a living area. Bedrooms or an office are located here. At the same time, the height of the middle part of the room should not be less than 1.8 m.

The roof consists of materials that provide heat, hydro and vapor barrier.

When installing a roof, special attention is paid to the choice of insulation. It is also worth staying at roofing material, which is more suitable in terms of characteristics for your structure.

1. Waterproofing provides protection from precipitation, so the coating should not have damage on its surface and even very small holes and holes.
2. The vapor barrier ensures that there is no condensation, which can cause dampness in attics and mansard rooms. Also, excluding the dampness of the wooden structure will allow the inclusion in the projects of the roofs of country houses window openings that will allow ventilation. The location and number of vents affects the ventilation of the attic and its illumination.
3. produced depending on its design features. Rigid material is laid on monolithic floors. A screed is made from above and mounted flooring... On wooden structures fit: vapor barrier material, insulation, a rough floor is made and only then the floor covering is installed.