What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

S. Svetushenko
Director of LLC "Audit Service Optimum"

This Orthodox fire-fighting story began in a fire-fighting equipment store. Father Vladimir bought control devices, detectors and wires for his church. As it turned out, the fire inspector offered to equip the temple with a fire alarm, while promising not to impose a fine.

Abbot Transfiguration Church in the village of Davydovo, Vladimir Region, Archpriest Vladimir Slinkin. The ancient village of Davydovo is located in the bend of the Klyazma River. Popular legend says that it was founded by a shepherd named David. This land keeps many secrets ... They say that on the site of Lake Svyato there was a church, which once disappeared under water. And the high Mokeevsky shaft is the remains of a guard fortress, built on the outskirts of the city of Vladimir in the XII-XIII centuries. Here in 1877-1879 the remarkable Russian composer A.P. Borodin.

The village of Davydovo belonged to the Vladimir Rozhdestvensky monastery, for which it was bought by the Metropolitan of Rostov and Yaroslavl John. In 1717, at the expense of peasants, a wooden church in honor of the Transfiguration was built in the village. In 1723, after a fire, a new wooden church was built in its place, which stood until 1841, when a modern stone church was built in its place. At the same time, another warm church was built next to it, which is currently destroyed. There were three thrones in the church: in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, John the Theologian and the Protection of the Mother of God. The latter was consecrated in 1892.

Studying the problem of fire safety of religious buildings, we faced an interesting problem.

Religious buildings, temples, churches, mosques, parishes, monasteries are special objects. Special not only in terms of spirituality, culture and historical heritage, but also in terms of fire safety. The issue of their protection and prevention from fires is not as simple as it seems at first glance. From the point of view of modern approaches in the field of fire safety, in the building of the temple itself there should be fire detectors, fire warning systems (SOUE), fire extinguishers and much of what is written in scattered sets of rules and the now new "Fire Regulations Rules" ( Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 25.04.2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime").

As you know, any building for religious purposes must have fire automation systems (clause 12 of Table A.1 SP 5.13130.2009. "Code of rules. Systems fire protection... Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and design rules "(as amended by Amendments No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274). This set of rules applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those erected in areas with special climatic and natural conditions... The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner. Clause 12 of Appendix A.1 indicates "Religious buildings and complexes" (industrial, warehouse and residential buildings of the complexes are equipped in accordance with the requirements of the relevant clauses of this set of rules), and the need to equip them with automatic fire alarm installations regardless of the area and number of storeys. An exception (there is no need for protection by automatic installations) is made only for rooms with wet processes (showers, bathrooms, refrigerated chambers, washing rooms, etc.); ventilation chambers (supply, as well as exhaust, not serving industrial premises of category A or B); pumping stations water supply, boiler rooms and other premises for the engineering equipment of the building, in which there are no combustible materials, - premises of category B4 and D according to fire hazard; as well as staircases.

Obviously, there is no room in a rural church that could not have been equipped with AUPS or, relatively speaking, with a fire alarm. Type of automatic extinguishing system, extinguishing method, type fire extinguishing agents, the type of equipment for fire control installations is determined by the design organization depending on the technological, structural and space-planning features of the protected buildings and premises, taking into account the requirements of the list in Appendix. A.1.

And although SP 5.13130 ​​was included in the list of documents in the field of standardization, as a result of which, on a voluntary basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" (clause

54 of the list “54. SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design "", approved. By order of Rostekhregulirovanie dated 06/01/2010 No. 2079 (as amended on 05/18/2011), the GPN inspectorate (now called OND - the department of supervisory activities) in full indicate the reference to JV 5 in its instructions. Theoretically, it is possible not to comply with SP 5, but for this it will be necessary to comply with the conditions for the compliance of the protected object with fire safety requirements set forth in Article 6 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ (as amended on July 10, 2012) "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" where it says: “1. Fire safety the object of protection is considered secured if one of the following conditions is met:

1) the fire safety requirements established by the technical regulations adopted in accordance with the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" are fully met, and the fire risk does not exceed the permissible values ​​established by this Federal Law;

2) the fire safety requirements established by the technical regulations adopted in accordance with the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" and fire safety regulations (Part 1 as amended by Federal Law No. 117-FZ dated July 10, 2012) are fully met) " ...

As we can see, it is said “when one of the following conditions is fulfilled,” but in practice the opposite things happen - the inspector writes a link in the prescription to the set of rules of SP 5, without proving that the fire risk exceeds the permissible values. Although the duty of proof lies precisely with the state person (inspector) vested with power (see the letter from VNIIPO 11-1-02-5605 of 08.10.10 according to the instructions of the State Tax Inspectorate). Good intentions, as they say, paved the way to ... Rules. An Internet interview on the website of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation with the participation of Yuri Deshevykh, Director of the Department of Supervision of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia, was devoted to the issues of declaring fire safety and the entry into force of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements". The text of the interview mentions the "Principle of the owner's good faith", which is now completely forgotten in the local divisions of the supervisory agency. Although it is possible to write in the declarations that you follow the rules, the inspector will still write without evidence what he considers necessary. From the above interview: “If earlier the owner proved that he complies with fire safety requirements, now, with the entry into force of the Technical Regulations, the inspector must prove that certain requirements are not complied with at the facility. Those. the principle of the owner's conscientiousness is being implemented ”. Unfortunately, in practice this statement by Yu.I. The cheap is not fulfilled. All the meetings of the commissions in defense of small business do not give much effect, Fire Democracy is expanding by the Minutes of the meeting of the commission on the elimination of unnecessary administrative restrictions affecting the interests of small and medium-sized businesses No. 1 dated March 14, 2012, the benefits of which are not yet visible.

Perhaps, after calculating the fire risk, it would be possible to show that the building meets the fire safety requirements, however, if we consider the letter of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia signed by the Deputy Chief State Inspector for Fire Supervision - Deputy Director of the Department of Supervision A.N. Giletic, dated July 7, 2011 No. 192-4-2623 "On the requirements of fire safety implemented in the design of buildings for which there are no regulatory fire safety requirements", then we will read literally: organizations were identified that did not comply with the rules for making settlements established by the Government Decree Russian Federation, allowing the substitution of initial data, incorrect calculations and adjustment of the results in order to reduce the cost of fire protection to the detriment of human safety in the event of a fire. Risk assessment methods are performed in such a way that, in case of objectively carried out calculations with the presence in the initial data of deviations from the requirements of codes of rules and other regulatory documents on fire safety, the implementation of which should ensure the safety of people (escape routes, fire alarm systems, warning systems, smoke removal, fire extinguishing, etc. etc.), without sufficiently seriously developed options for fire protection, results will certainly be obtained that exceed the permissible level of fire risk. "

This is how we come to the conclusion that all the declarations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations about simplifying the life of ordinary people, clear and logical approaches, in practice are only intentions, and not a guide to the actions of inspections.

Without sufficiently seriously developed options for fire protection of churches, it is almost impossible to calculate the fire risk that would meet the requirements. There is no smoke extraction in the temples, no automatic fire extinguishing(AUPT), there are no systems for alerting people about a type 3 fire, there are no all parameters of escape routes (length, width and number of exits), there is not much that has appeared in various norms over the past two decades (SNiP 2.01.02, SNiP 2101, NPB 108, SNiP 2.08.02, etc.).

And if earlier it was said that the costs of fire-fighting measures, fire protection and its technical equipment should be economically justified, now no one remembers this anymore. See point 4.1. SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures": "Buildings must provide for structural, space-planning and engineering solutions that provide in the event of a fire: ... limitation of direct and indirect material damage, including the contents of the building and the building itself, with an economically justified ratio of the amount of damage and costs for fire-prevention measures, fire protection and its technical equipment. " The same was said in GOST 12.1.004-91 “FIRE SAFETY. General requirements", Clause 1.4:" Objects assigned to the appropriate categories for fire hazard in accordance with the technological design standards for determining the categories of premises and buildings for fire and explosion efficient systems fire safety ", economic efficiency is determined in accordance with Appendix 4:" b. The economic effect of the costs of ensuring fire safety is determined based on the results of operation for the billing period. The economic effect for the billing period, regardless of the focus of measures to ensure fire safety (development, production and use of new ones, improvement of existing elements of systems and measures to ensure fire safety) (Et), rubles, are calculated using formulas 111 and 112.

where Et is the economic effect of the implementation of measures to ensure fire safety for the billing period (7);

Ппр f Ппр т - the cost estimate of the prevented losses, respectively, for the billing period (7) and in the year (t) of the billing period;

Зт, 3t - cost estimate of costs for the implementation of measures to ensure fire safety, respectively

for the billing period (7) and in the year (t) of the billing period;

at, atnp - coefficients for bringing different costs and avoided losses to the calculated year, respectively;

tH - starting year of the billing period;

tK - the final year of the billing period;

t is the current year of the billing period.

The cost effectiveness of ensuring fire safety is determined by both social (evaluates the compliance of the actual situation with the established social standard) and economic (evaluates the achieved economic result) indicators.

The cost-effectiveness of ensuring fire safety of national economic facilities is a prerequisite with a feasibility study of measures aimed at improving fire safety. Calculations of the economic effect can be used to determine prices for scientific and technical products for fire-fighting purposes, as well as to justify the choice of measures to ensure fire safety in the formation of plans for research and development work, economic and social development of facilities.

Now economically justified costs are no longer worried about, they are not in the Federal Law-123. Therefore, it is possible to equip the entire temple and altar with devices and systems:
■ smoke removal - as there is burning candles, the release of smoke;
■ fire extinguishing - as stated in NPB 108-96 “Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements ", clause 7.2:" To protect the prayer hall, the altar room and other ceremonial premises, instead of the automatic fire alarm system, automatic water fire extinguishing installations can be used ";
■ dry pipes with drenchers - see paragraph 6.5 of NPB 108: "For internal extinguishing of the domes of the temple, made of combustible materials, it is necessary to install dry pipes with drain-black sprinklers, equipped with fire connection heads for supplying water from vehicles";
■ internal fire hydrants - see paragraph 6.2 of NPB 108: "Internal fire-fighting water supply in a religious building should be provided with a building volume of 7.5 thousand m3 or more";
■ fire reservoirs (ponds and reservoirs) - see paragraph 6.4 of NPB 108: "In rural areas, in the absence of a water supply, a fire reservoir or a reservoir must be provided to extinguish the fire within 2 hours." 144 cubic meters or 180 cubic meters + stock for sludge residue;
■ fire protection - see clause 2.10 of NPB 108: "The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures (columns, beams) of balconies and choirs in prayer halls of buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance must be at least 0.75 hours";
■ fire alarm - see point 12 tab. A.1 SP5.13130.2009.

The cost is "super", the efficiency is "five", but economically unreasonable. And most importantly, impractical. Divine services are not held in churches around the clock, entertainment events with the use of special effects are not held there, there is no combustible load, and there are no special violations of the fire regime.

Temples stood for centuries, they were protected by people, not systems. The main cause of fire is careless handling of fire. And in this regard, I remembered a vivid example. In the tundra, people live in chums, and there are practically no people killed by fires (only one case was in practice in the village of Yurkharovo, and that person who died in the fire was in a state of intoxication). Nowadays people, if I may say so, have lost the sense of danger, there is less "sensitivity to fire", there is a great disregard for safety measures with fire in everyday life.

Basically, the problem of fire safety in temples comes down to detecting fires, how and where to output the signal, as well as how much it will cost. The store "Argus-Spectrum" (Vladimir) offered a choice of a number of detectors, including flame and linear smoke detectors.

I recalled the settlement of gas workers Yamburg and the Temple erected by gas workers (LLC Yamburggazdobycha), lost in the endless tundra on the banks of the Gulf of Ob. The Orthodox Church of the Holy Apostle John the Theologian is one of the northernmost on the planet. It was built with the support of a gas company. The rite of consecration of the Temple at the Yamburgskoye field in August 2001 was performed by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II.

Then, in the distant 2000s, during the construction of the Temple beyond the Arctic Circle, new technologies were first used for the construction of such facilities. The temple is installed on permafrost on a pile foundation, it is used for the decoration of hardly combustible and non-combustible materials, flame detectors are installed in the premises of the Temple.

It was then that I had to face the problem of detecting a fire at an early stage in religious buildings (prayer halls of Temples). Let us recall how unsuccessfully the members of the acceptance committee argued (which were on the part of firefighters E.A. Samokhvalov and on the part of gasman V.A. Shiyanov) about the installation of simply smoke detectors, linear or flame. As a result, the installed flame detectors simply triggered the candles. But then the gas workers could go for an experiment, they had no problems with funds, unlike the Church of the Transfiguration in the village of Davydov, Vladimir region. Here I had to argue extremely practical, based on the limited means and durability of the system as a whole.

And although in the book of Sharovar F.I. "Methods of early detection of fires" - M .: Stroyizdat, 1988. - 336 p. in the section "Theory of detecting fires in a room by emitted smoke" it is said that "the distance between the detectors is determined based on the time of detection of the OFP (smoke, heat), taking into account the economic costs of placement and economic costs from losses during the burning of things (property), before time of detection ", in our case the arrangement of smoke detectors has to be taken on the basis of the norms of SP 5.13130.2009, and not for economic reasons.

Unfortunately, the types of ceilings that exist in churches are not described in SP 5.13130.2009, there is no concept of "vaulted roofs" - in paragraph 13.3.5: "In rooms with steep roofs, for example, diagonal, gable, hipped, hip roofs, serrated, with an inclination of more than 10 degrees, some of the detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building. The area protected by one detector installed in the tops of the roofs is increased by 20%. Note: If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed near surfaces with smaller slopes. " The Ministry of Emergency Situations previously explained that in hangars (vaulted and pitched roofs) one row of detectors (in the middle part of the ceiling) or three rows can be installed (see the letter of VNIIPO EMERCOM of February 15, 11 No. 12-4-02-711 on detectors in hangars). It seems to us that in temples with vaulted ceilings (domed vaults), not everything is as simple and deterministic as in the norms. The air, of course, rises, heat flows during a fire increase, but cold walls and low thermal conductivity of ceilings can affect the low smoke limit in the room. Smoke can go down for some time by 0.5-2 m from the ceiling, thereby increasing the response time of the AUPS system. The norms do not say anything about this, so you have to install detectors strictly in accordance with section 13.3 of SP 5.13130.2009.

The durability of the system in this case plays an even greater role than the detection time. Indeed, in case of any false alarm during the service, funeral service, baptism, it will simply be turned off, and this will end all efforts in the matter of the firefighting of the church.

Inside, the space of the temple, in terms of the fire load, is a set of carpets on the floor, wooden lining, sheathing columns, and sometimes damp sections of the walls, a bookshop inside the entrance, icons and images, candles, a small amount of incense and cable products (lighting and sockets).

From the fires in the Temples, I recalled an amazing incident in the city of Suzdal.

On the evening of July 21, 2011, during a thunderstorm, as a result of a lightning strike, the head of the Transfiguration Church of the Museum of Wooden Architecture in Suzdal caught fire. The duty guard of PCh-26, who promptly arrived at the scene, managed to quickly localize the fire and minimize the damage.

But from outside fires, as they say, no one is insured inside the building. It should be borne in mind that the energy saturation of the current buildings of the temples is quite high. Recently, many of them have been supplied with gas pipelines for heating ( gas boilers), electricity was installed inside the temples for lighting and the use of electrical appliances, the number synthetic materials in the quality of finishing and carpet runners has also increased. And although there are significantly fewer wooden churches than stone ones, the issue of equipping them with the necessary means remains open mainly due to the lack of adequate funding (fire protection of attics and dome space, bell towers, fire automatics, escape routes, as required by the inspection, fire-resistant finishing materials, etc.) etc., etc. as prescribed).

In the meantime, Father Vladimir and I came to the conclusion that, due to limited funds and the need to maintain the durability of the system, ordinary IP 212-141 (120 rubles), the simplest, most reliable and inexpensive fire detectors, can be taken as detection means. They were installed on metal ties under the ceiling (the cable for aesthetics was hidden in the corrugation behind the profile). Buildings and premises listed in clauses 3, 6.1, 7, 9, 10, 13 of Table 1, clauses 14 - 19, 26 - 29, 32 - 38 of Table 3, SP 5.13130.2009. "Set of rules. Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Design Norms and Rules "(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274), when using automatic fire alarms, it should be equipped with smoke detectors. The rest of the premises not included in this list, incl. temples, it is not necessary to equip smoke detectors, but the use of detectors turned out to be economically feasible. Why the choice fell not on linear smoke pipes, not flames, not on a heat cable and not on those that are "ON BATTERIES":
■ flame detectors - they will be lit by candle flame, and, moreover, in the initial stage of the fire, smoke and heat will be more likely to be emitted than there will be an open flame combustion;
■ linear smoke - there is nowhere to put, inside the temple vaulted ceilings, complex shape, it will not even be possible to protect the space under the ceiling;
■ linear thermal - you will have to entangle the walls with a cable that will catch your eye;
■ point heat is not an option, since they will detect heat for a long time, there is nowhere to put under the dome (there are frescoes), they are extremely inertial, maximum differentiated ones also will not work, since during the service the heat in the temple builds up gradually, which can also cause triggering.

Normative document NPB 108-96 “Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements "is morally outdated and cannot be considered as guiding in the design, which is only the point" 7.2. To protect the prayer hall, the altar room and other ceremonial premises, instead of the automatic fire alarm system, automatic water fire extinguishing installations can be used. " What the red ideologues did not destroy remains to be filled with water.

A room in the adjacent building of the temple gatehouse was chosen as a room with a round-the-clock stay of the staff. There really are people around the clock.

Above the exits were placed signs Exit "Molniya-12 LITE", 113 rubles (it is very convenient to connect wires), in the church were placed sounders PKI "Ivolga", 111 rubles ("wake up the dead"), the device VERS-PK1 with a built-in battery (920 rubles ), cable KSREVng (A) -EP1_5 4x0.5 (the most combat and running at 22 rubles / meter) - in total, we kept within 5,000 rubles.

Our Orthodox fire-fighting history began to develop even more actively. There was a call with a similar problem and also from the "namesake" of Father Vladimir (Church of the Archangel Michael in the village of Krasnoe (Vladimir)). There, after the inspector left the Temple, only negatives and fines remained.

And immediately remembered from the construction practice of objects - the Temple of the village. Yamburg, Church for 500 parishioners in the village of Tazovsky, Cathedral Mosque in the city of Novy Urengoy, the Mosque of the Tatar community on the street. Chubynin in Salekhard - there was no such thing before, it was not so tough.

In one area and two different approaches - Davydovo (they did the Sinhalese for a charity, and avoided a fine) and in the village of Krasnoe (fines, complaints, negativity and misunderstanding). Temples stood before, their space-planning solutions are old. And the escape routes are not always of the same width and height. And the class of functional fire hazard is not easy to determine for the prayer hall, and the requirements for finishing materials not easy to pick (taking into account the number of people). And placing fire detectors in vaulted ceilings is not easy. And in general there is nothing special to BURN and PEOPLE THERE COME ADEQUATE in case of fire ...

I don’t think that after the tough surveillance campaigns in the church, it will be pleasant to bring colleagues and colleagues there and pray ... For what? For fire safety?

But the reality of our life is that, while working in the Temple, we just started going there. They just lit candles, just prayed, they began to stay with themselves and with God alone ...

Coming out of the Temple, with a professional look I noticed an iron on a wooden table inside the prayer hall. I immediately thought - well, this is the source of the fire danger, where the abbot is looking, or maybe it's true that one should strictly ask, or maybe ask for the regime, and not for the capital?

A. Sobolev

deputy general director LLC "TechInSPAS" (Vladimir)

From the point of view of the regulatory authorities, any Orthodox church is a building with a massive presence of people, where sources of open fire and possible smoke are used. Such a formulation certainly corresponds to reality: a church without burning candles and lamps would look strange, it is difficult to imagine smokeless incense.

In the Fire Safety Regulations in force in Russia until recently general approach a special section was devoted to these issues, which dealt exclusively with religious buildings. But in April 2012, by a decree of the government of the Russian Federation, a new one was adopted instead of this document - the Fire Regime Rules.

“There are no special chapters concerning religious buildings, as well as any other specific buildings,” says Andrei Aleksandrovich Makeev, deputy head of the regulatory and technical department of the department for supervisory activities of the EMERCOM of Russia. - The main document in matters of fire safety for Orthodox parishes on the territory of Russia (as well as for any other individuals and legal entities engaged in economic activity) remains the Federal Law, signed by the President of Russia on July 22, 2008 and covering at the moment all state firefighting standards in our country. True, it (like any other laws) has no retroactive effect and only applies to newly erected buildings and structures. For previously built churches there are (in the part that does not contradict the Technical Regulations, but there are no such contradictions regarding Orthodox churches), and until a special order of the government, which will subsequently cancel them, there are special fire-prevention requirements dedicated to religious buildings (agreed with the Moscow Patriarchate). "

Federal Law "On Fire Safety" dated December 21, 1994, No. 69-FZ determined the legal basis for ensuring fire safety. The requirements established by this law are binding on the Russian Orthodox Church and its canonical divisions (dioceses, monasteries, parishes, households) that have the legal capacity of a legal entity.

At the same time, the Church in the process of its activities in addressing security issues is guided by the norms of special legislation on non-profit, including religious organizations, namely the Federal Law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations", the Federal Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations." However, it is important to note that these laws do not contain regulations on control and supervision in the field of fire safety. Thus, Article 25 of the Federal Law "On Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Associations", Article 32 of the Federal Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations" define the specifics of the Ro-registration (its territorial bodies) of control over the compliance of the activities of religious organizations with the goals stipulated by their charters and legislation. Russian Federation.

Now, in the development of the Technical Regulations, Codes of Fire Safety Rules are being developed. There are currently thirteen of them, and with the exception of two of them (not related to religious organizations), the developers have moved away from the industry principle of layout. Each Code of Practice will be dedicated to one of the fire safety systems (for example, evacuation routes and transport entrances, general water supply, alarm, fire water supply, etc.). In addition, there will be a separate Code of Rules for voluntary application, concerning specifically religious buildings.

Scattered Codes of Rules, and now the new Fire Regulations Regulations regulate the following: in the church building itself there should be fire detectors, fire warning systems (SOUE), fire extinguishers and much more.

As you know, any building for religious purposes must have fire automation systems - clause 12 of Table A.1 SP 5.13130.2009. "Set of rules. Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design ". This Code of Practice applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those erected in areas with special climatic and natural conditions.

Many church buildings and structures appeared in those ancient times, when the principles, methods and fire-fighting technologies themselves were very different from the current ones. In this regard, the scientific and technical council of the Department of Supervision of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation has developed the following recommendation. Objects older than half a century (as well as those built according to such ancient standards that are now impossible to establish) should not be operated according to modern standards and in accordance with the Fire Safety Declaration. This document is drawn up by the owner of the building on a declarative basis. “Further, the paper is submitted to the Department of State Fire Supervision of our ministry, where it is simply registered,” assures A.A. Makeev, - and further the object can be used in accordance with the provisions that are declared there. Of course, in such a way that it does not threaten the life and health of people (we, of course, will not miss such positions in the Declaration) ”.

Specific requirements for ensuring fire safety at religious sites are set out mainly in the fire safety standards NPB 108-96 “Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements ".

I would like to express my point of view on the substance of this document, which directly relates to the activities of religious organizations in the field of fire prevention. It was put into effect by order of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (SFS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 18, 1996, No. 32. NPBs affecting the interests of religious organizations are not registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, according to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1997 No. 1009 "On approval of the Rules for the preparation of regulatory legal acts of federal executive bodies and their state registration", regulatory legal acts federal ministries, in particular orders, are subject to state registration with the Ministry of Justice of Russia. Thus, the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which is not registered in the prescribed manner, has no legal force and is not obligatory for application.

One more important detail is noteworthy. These NPBs have been agreed with the Ministry of Construction of Russia (letter No. 13/132 of 03/29/95) and the Ministry of Culture of Russia (letter No. 495-41-14 of 05/06/96). However, at the same time, the provision of paragraph 7 of Art. 8 of the Federal Law "On Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Associations", according to which the authorities state power when considering issues affecting the activities of religious organizations in society, take into account the territorial scope of activities of a religious organization and provide the relevant religious organizations with the opportunity to participate in the consideration of these issues.

In order to implement the provisions of paragraph 7 of Art. 8 of this law, the following advisory bodies were created at the federal level, including representatives of interested religious organizations: the Council for Interaction with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation; Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation. Structures for interaction with religious associations operate in the offices of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in the federal districts of the Russian Federation.

Despite these circumstances, the NPB was not coordinated not only with religious organizations, but also with the aforementioned advisory bodies created under the President of the Russian Federation and under the Government of the Russian Federation.

Analysis of the legal aspects of ensuring fire safety inevitably put another one on the agenda important question: why for religious organizations, without any participation on their part, special NPBs have been developed, which set out a large amount of different requirements, subject to mandatory execution, and there are no such airbags for other objects of various purposes.

At the end of March 2012, as a result of a fire in a nightclub located in the Lenkom theater, 10 people died. According to media reports with reference to the club's staff, fire shows were held every night using pure alcohol.

A similar fire took place in a bar in the city of Orsk, Orenburg region, where 10 people also died. Unfortunately, there are quite a lot of similar fires in the country.

At the same time, the following circumstance causes bewilderment: an imperative requirement has been established for religious organizations, according to which the storage of lamp oil in an amount of no more than 5 liters is allowed in the temple. At the same time, pure alcohol is used in the nightclub, and this is not standardized or suppressed by anyone, especially since pure alcohol in its physical and chemical properties is much more dangerous than lamp oil.

In this regard, the question arises: why are there no special NPBs for gaming and entertainment establishments, starting with bars, clubs, gambling halls, casinos, variety shows, etc., where a significant number of people are intoxicated or intoxicated?

Paradoxically, but in PPB 0103 there is no mention of casinos and other similar organizations at all, but a whole section is devoted to religious organizations.

What is the reason for such "love and care" of firefighters for the regulation of fire safety rules and norms in buildings provided to religious organizations?

Priests, religious workers, and parishioners cannot be compared to football or other fans. As a rule, these are law-abiding people. At the same time, for them, but, which is fundamentally important, without their participation, without taking into account the traditions and internal regulations of religious organizations, a lot of various prohibitive measures related to ensuring fire safety have been invented. Fire officials on behalf of the state demand their implementation, although elementary logic dictates that you cannot write the rules yourself and control them yourself.

In this regard, it is permissible to ask: “Where are the NPBs developed by the State Border Guard Service for other objects with a mass presence of people, for the same“ beer festivals ”, where the behavior of fans and beer-drugged youth cannot be compared with the behavior of parishioners in a church.

So many of the questions raised above are not intended to offend or embarrass anyone. This is a natural reaction to, to put it mildly, a not entirely legitimate attempt to put pressure on religious organizations by the State Fire Supervision Authority.

Temples stood for centuries, they were protected by people, not systems. The main cause of fire is careless handling of fire. The Russian Orthodox Church is interested in ensuring that the religious objects provided to its canonical structures are fireproof, that there are no fires in churches, monasteries and other objects, so that the Fire Safety Rules are strictly observed everywhere.

In conclusion of the analysis of NPB 108-96, I would like to emphasize once again that the legal status of this normative document is far from perfect. It's hard to believe that lawyers and officials EMERCOM of Russia did not know about the legal insolvency of these NPBs. Nevertheless, on June 18, 2003, the Russian Emergencies Ministry issued Order No. 316 “On Approval of Fire Safety Standards”.

This order approved a list of 128 fire safety standards, which included NPB 106-96.

According to the conclusion of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (letter dated 18.06.2004 No. 07/5845-YUD), the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 18.06.2003 No. 316 does not need state registration. There is a little legal subtlety here. Indeed, the list of fire safety standards in itself does not need state registration, but this does not mean at all that NPBs, which are included in the specified list, do not need it. Without state registration with the Ministry of Justice of Russia, NPB 106-96 are nothing more than a recommendation.

Unfortunately, real life shows that sometimes fires occur at religious sites.

“The most common violations in remedial orders are cluttered or blocked escape routes, inoperative fire alarms, and candlestick problems. According to fire safety standards, candlesticks must be attached to the floor in order to prevent them from overturning, spilling oil and getting fire on people, says A.A. Makeev. - Yes, we often encounter bewilderment and even misunderstanding about this. But the fact is that the term "attached" is quite liberal and wide, it does not mean the obligatory welding of the candlestick, its concreting or even fastening with screws. Many parishes have mastered the tenon-groove method of mechanical connection. With the help of its geometry, the base of the candlestick easily mates with the floor structure, it is just as easy to remove, and the candlestick itself can be carried and installed in any other place of the temple room, where a similar recess is made. Next, in the conditional rating of violations, I would place low-quality electrical wiring and stove heating. In cities, ovens, of course, are not so relevant, but in the provinces they are still common. Suffice it to say that the strongest fire in an Orthodox church in our country happened in 2012 precisely because of the stove: on Christmas Eve, in the Chuvash village of Mirenki, a wooden church of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” built in 1896 was completely burned down ”.

In the country as a whole for six recent years In all religious buildings and structures, five people died in fires, and seven more were injured - the numbers, by Russian standards, are modest. The Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation does not keep separate statistics on fires in Orthodox churches: there are only general data for religious organizations and institutions. But it is unlikely that the levels of fire-fighting culture among believers of traditional religions in Russia are seriously different. Most likely, incidents with fires in Orthodox churches, and in Catholic churches, and in mosques, and in synagogues are of the same nature and occur with approximately equal probability. If so, then the dynamics of fires in Orthodox churches should not cause serious concern. This assumption is confirmed when analyzing the data for Moscow. In 2007, seven fires were registered here in Orthodox churches, in 2008 - six, in 2009 and 2010 - five each, in 2011 - two. There were no fatalities in all these cases, and against the background of about a dozen daily fires throughout the city, these figures look negligible.

In 2012, only one temple was burning in the capital - St. Sergius of Radonezh in Bibirev, it happened in February. “But that incident is not related to the operation of the church for its main purpose,” explains Alexei Kott, deputy head of the State Fire Supervision Department of the Main Directorate of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in Moscow. - There was a restoration and reconstruction, the building was surrounded by scaffolding, they, through the fault of the builders, started working. In general, this is one of the most common scenarios for a fire in Orthodox churches. "

“Basically, the inspectors of the State Fire Inspection tell us routine claims: expired fire extinguishers, fire shields are not staffed, fire hydrants are not cleared in winter,” admits Valery Ulikov, the headman of the wooden church of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George in Koptev (Moscow, Bolshaya Akademicheskaya St.). - We brought all the electrical wiring in accordance with modern requirements (frankly, the regulatory authorities forced us to do this), there are no more comments on this part. From the moment of construction, the fireproofing impregnation was renewed three times (that is, approximately once every five years). Each such procedure costs 40 thousand rubles, but the frame is completely protected from accidental ignition from the inside. "

Fire protection of wooden buildings is a special topic. Suffice it to say that now in our country, precisely because of the high risk of fires, it is forbidden to erect completely wooden buildings above three floors. This situation, however, did not prevent in the early 2000s from growing on the territory of the Crafts Center "Russian Compound" in the Izmailovsky Kremlin (Moscow, Eastern Administrative District) the tallest wooden Orthodox church in Russia at the moment - the 46-meter-high St. Nicholas Tent Church. The fact is that the dry architectural term "floor" does not correlate well with traditional temple architecture.

“We have no questions about the church of St. Nicholas the Pleasure,” admits Alexey Kott. - But questions constantly arise to the administration of the “Russian Compound”. In fairness, it is objectively difficult for her to fit into all the norms: overcrowding wooden buildings in a relatively small area, there is always a risk of fire with serious consequences. Not to mention the fact of arson that took place here seven years ago. .. "

“In addition, the new wooden church can leave sediment for several years,” reminds the head of the club of masters “Sen” Alexander Biletsky. - Therefore, the wires must be laid with large tolerances so that they do not stretch and burst (and the smallest spark that gets on the insulation made of tow or flax is enough for a serious powder fire, and no impregnation will save). And, of course, all electrical wiring must have a serious power factor, and the meters and switches must be from only the world's best manufacturers. "

By the way, the impregnation of wood and insulation with a special fire retardant - anti-fire - on wooden objects is not prescribed by state bodies, this is a voluntary matter. But in Orthodox churches such a measure, as a rule, is not neglected. Perhaps because wooden churches (at least in big cities) are still the exception rather than the rule, and their parishes treat their temple buildings with particular scrupulousness.

Of course, in such a matter as protecting churches from fire, it is too risky and presumptuous to rely only on professionals. After all, volunteer assistance to firefighters has a rich tradition in Russia (even before the revolution, many mechanized fire brigades were created precisely on the basis of volunteer squads). But the last two decades in the Church there have been many other economic problems, so that the creation of volunteer fire brigades only reached men's monasteries (the fame of the most organized collective in this sense was won by the brethren of Svyato-Vvedensky Optina Pustyn). Now, much is changing in the parishes, since the law "On Voluntary Fire Protection", which came into force last year, provides for the creation of voluntary squads at religious organizations.

Thus, Metropolitan Kirill of Yekaterinburg and Verkhoturye took the initiative to organize such units at churches. The regional administration has shown understanding and has already allocated funds for the purchase of knapsack fire extinguishers, because in the parish, the vigilantes do not need to be able to operate a fire engine. And in general, as in any voluntary squad, in the fire fighting, the main direction of activity is prevention. And, of course, one should not forget about the main "prevention" in the life of any Orthodox person - prayer. Moreover, there are many known prayer addresses regarding protection from the destructive elements of fire.

LITERATURE:

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On fire-prevention regime" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2012 No. 19, art. 2415.

2. Federal Law of July 22, 2008. No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2008 No. 30 (Part I), Art. 3579.

3. NPB108-96. The norms of the state fire service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements (approved by the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, put into effect by the Order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of 06/18/1996 No. 32) // Collection of guidelines of the State Fire Service. Part 4. M .: GUGPS Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1997.

4. Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ "On Fire Safety" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of December 26, 1994 No. 35, Art. 3649.

5. Federal Law of September 26, 1997 No. 125-FZ "On freedom of conscience and on religious associations" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of September 29, 1997 No. 39, art. 4465.

6. Federal Law of January 12, 1996 No. 7-FZ "On Non-Commercial Organizations" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of January 15, 1996 No. 3, Art. 145.

7. Federal Law of September 26, 1997 No. 125-FZ "On freedom of conscience and on religious associations" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of September 29, 1997 No. 39, art. 4465.

8. Federal Law of January 12, 1996 No. 7-FZ "On Non-Commercial Organizations" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of January 15, 1996 No. 3, Art. 145.

9. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On fire-prevention regime" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2012 No. 19, art. 2415.

10. Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated March 25, 2009 No. 175 “On approval of the Code of Rules“ Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design "" // Fire safety. 2010. No. 3.

11. NPB 108-96. The norms of the state fire service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements (approved by the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, put into effect by the Order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of 06/18/1996 No. 32) // Collection of guidelines of the State Fire Service. Part 4. M .: GUGPS Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1997.

12. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1997 No. 1009 "On the approval of the Rules for the preparation of normative legal acts of federal executive bodies and their state registration" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of August 18, 1997 No. 33, art. 3895.

13. Federal Law of September 26, 1997 No. 125-FZ "On freedom of conscience and on religious associations" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of September 29, 1997 No. 39, art. 4465.

14. Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated 02.08.1995 No. 357-rp "Approval of the Regulations on the Council for Interaction with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation and its composition" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation dated August 7, 1995 No. 32, art. 3294.

15. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 15.07.2006 No. 438 "On Approval of the Regulations on the Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation" // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2006 No. 30, Art. 3400.

Buildings of religious denominations where fire alarms and SOUE are installed:

• Orthodox churches, cathedrals, temples, chapels, house churches, Diocesan administrations, Church clergy houses, theological schools, seminaries, Sunday schools (gymnasiums), clergy houses, hotels, almshouses, cell buildings, houses of governors, church shops, production workshops
• Islamic (Muslim) mosques, madrasahs (Muslim educational institution, which is high school and Muslim Theological Seminary), khanaka
• catholic churches, parishes, cathedrals
• Protestant temples, churches, houses of prayer
• Buddhist temples (datsanakh)
• Jewish temples

Features of the design and installation of fire alarms in temples and churches

When designing a fire alarm in a temple and SOUE, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the architectural solutions of religious buildings and structures (domed and vaulted structures), as well as the order of services, traditions and rituals taking place.

Work on installing fire alarms in temples, churches and other religious structures and buildings requires special attention and additional knowledge, since often objects are of historical and architectural value.

The most convenient is the installation of a radio channel (wireless) fire alarm and warning system in churches, temples and mosques. The wireless system avoids working with decorative surfaces, murals, mosaics, etc.

Due to the lack of standard projects, the calculation of costs for the purchase and installation of an automatic fire alarm and a warning and evacuation system in a church, mosque or temple in each case is unique. Each object requires detailed study and mandatory inspection by an engineer. The calculation of the cost of fire alarm and SOUE should take into account the area, height and type of building structures.

After commissioning of the systems and further operation, the automatic fire alarm (APS), the warning and evacuation control system (SOUE) must be in working order and maintained in accordance with technical regulations. Documentation (projects, acceptance certificates, magazines Maintenance) must be kept in a temple, cathedral, mosque, datsan and provided at the request of the relevant authorities.

Regulatory documents:

• Federal Law of 22.07.2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements";
• SP 31-103-99 "Buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches";
• NPB 108-96 “Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements ";
• SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Design Norms and Rules ";
• SP 3.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. A warning and evacuation control system in case of fire. Fire safety requirements ".

FACILITIES OF RELIGIOUS PURPOSE

Fire safety requirements

Moscow
2016

Foreword

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of June 29, 2016 No. 162-FZ "On Standardization in the Russian Federation", and the rules for the application of sets of rules - by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules for the development, approval, publication, amendment and cancellation of the rules "dated July 1, 2016 No.

About the set of rules

1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Protection EMERCOM of Russia "(FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)

2 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia) dated November 23, 2016 No. 615

3 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about the revision or amendment of this set of rules, and also the texts are placed in the information system common use- on the official website of the developer. Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the federal executive body in the field of standardization on the Internet (www.gost.ru).

Introduction

The requirements of this set of rules do not apply to protected objects (including objects cultural heritage) that were put into operation either project documentation to which it was sent for examination before the date of entry into force of the relevant provisions of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".

Fire safety requirements that establish the rules of human behavior, the procedure for organizing production and (or) the maintenance of territories, buildings, structures, premises and other objects of religious significance for all categories of objects of protection (including cultural heritage objects), regardless of the time of their construction, are established by the Fire Fighting Rules. regime in the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No.

SET OF RULES

Introduction date 2017-01-01

1 area of ​​use

1.1 This set of rules establishes fire safety requirements for the design, construction of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings, structures and premises of religious facilities.

1.2 This set of rules does not apply to the design of religious facilities temporarily located in collapsible and other similar buildings.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to the design of religious facilities with a height of more than 50 m, determined in accordance with, as well as to religious facilities with more than one underground floors, with the exception of cases when parts of the building for which are designed are located in these underground floors. regulatory documents in the field of fire safety, taking into account their underground placement, as well as joint placement with religious facilities.

1.4 This set of rules does not apply to structures of religious worship (pilgrimage), as well as to living quarters when performing services and other religious rites and ceremonies in them. Fire safety requirements for the named residential premises are established in accordance with their functional fire hazard class.

1.5 In relation to buildings in which educational activities are carried out by religious educational organizations, which are subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as in relation to buildings intended for teaching religion, the fire safety requirements established for buildings of educational organizations are applied.

2 Normative references

Note - If there is an entrance for fire departments along the stylobate, the height of the building will be determined from the coverage of the passage along the stylobate. The height of the bell towers and minarets, which are not intended to accommodate viewing platforms, is not taken into account when determining the height of the building. The height of the building is determined by the height of the window sill of the window opening of the last operated level with the constant presence of people, except for bell towers and minarets.

4 General requirements

4.1 This set of rules discusses fire protection issues and establishes fire safety requirements for religious sites of religious organizations registered in the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure. For some denominations, additional requirements are given, taking into account the specifics of the structure of buildings and the conduct of religious rites.

4.2 When designing religious buildings, the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of fire safety should be taken into account in accordance with the class of functional fire hazard in the part that does not contradict this set of rules.

5 Fire safety requirements for the placement of buildings and structures. Outdoor water supply

5.1 The access of fire trucks to religious facilities must be provided in accordance with the requirements of section 8 of SP 4.13130.

The access to the cult building more than 100 m wide must be accessible from all sides, regardless of its height.

5.2 Access for firefighters from ladders (car lifts) should be provided to any premises (along fire passages) with windows, and to the roof of buildings (except for superstructured structures - domes, towers, minarets, etc.), taking into account the capabilities of technology. The floors of the high-rise part of the cult building with the stylobate should also be provided with access for firefighters from motor ladders and car lifts. If it is necessary to use the roofs of the stylobate for the entrance of fire trucks, the structures of the stylobate must be designed for the appropriate load.

5.3 The height of the gate opening for the entry of fire engines into the territory of a religious building (a complex of religious buildings) must be at least 4.5 m, and the width must be at least 3.5 m.

5.4 The entrances of fire trucks should be arranged to fire hydrants and the main evacuation exits from the building, as well as to the places of installation of external branch pipes of the internal fire-fighting water supply network for connecting fire pumps of vehicles.

5.5 The distance from religious buildings to neighboring buildings and structures, depending on their degree of fire resistance, should be taken in accordance with SP 4.13130.

5.6 The device of an external fire-fighting water supply system must be provided in accordance with the requirements.

5.7 Water consumption for outdoor fire extinguishing of a religious building should be taken at least as specified in Art. For religious buildings with a volume of 25,000 m 3 to 150,000 m 3, the water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be at least 25 l / s.

6 Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions

6.1 The degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire hazard, the permissible height of buildings and the floor area within the fire compartment for religious buildings should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 2.13130. The maximum floor for the placement of prayer halls and their permissible capacity should be taken in accordance with Table 1.

6.2 The fire resistance limit of supporting structures of balconies, loggias, galleries in prayer halls of buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance must be at least R45, in prayer halls of IV degree of fire resistance - R15. In prayer halls of IV - V degrees of fire resistance, the placement of visitors on balconies, loggias, galleries is not allowed.

Note - In buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance of classes of constructive fire hazard not lower than C1, the maximum floor for the placement of prayer halls with a capacity of less than 50 people is not standardized.

6.3 It is not allowed to build into religious buildings of IV-V degrees of fire resistance and attach premises for other purposes to them, with the exception of premises and structures necessary for announcing the beginning of prayer (bell towers, belfries, minarets, etc.), with no more than 5 people, as well as with the exception of other premises (except for the functional fire hazard class F5) with a total number of more than 15 people. Premises of functional fire hazard class F5 can be built into the indicated religious buildings and attached to them in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

6.4 The number of storeys and requirements for the placement of premises on the underground and basement floors should be determined according to SP 118.13330. The number of storeys of a religious building does not include the number of tiers of attached or built-on parts of a building without a permanent stay of people (bell tower, belfry, minaret, etc.), except for the case of a possible simultaneous stay of more than 5 people (observation deck), as well as balconies and galleries with an area of ​​less than 40 % of the floor area of ​​the room.

6.5 Religious buildings of IV - V degrees of fire resistance may have no more than one floor, deepened below the planning level of the ground by more than 0.5 m. No more than 20 people are allowed to stay on this floor at the same time.

6.6 Placement of a prayer hall with a total capacity of no more than 300 people below the planned ground level is allowed in religious buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance. In this case, the placement of the prayer hall should be provided not below the basement floor, and in the absence of a basement and the presence of underground floors - not lower than the first underground floor. If there is a basement floor, deepened by more than 0.5 m, the placement of a prayer hall may be provided not lower than this basement floor. The placement of premises other than the main functional purpose in the basement, basement, underground floors is allowed in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

6.7 Basement and underground floors, as well as basement floors, deepened by more than 0.5 m, with the exception of premises for performing religious rituals, should be divided into compartments and provided with separate evacuation and emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

The functional communication of the premises located on the first or basement floor, buried less than 0.5 m (including with the prayer hall), with the premises of the lower floor is allowed to be carried out through the technological staircase, highlighted by type 1 fire partitions at the level the underlying floor. The specified staircase must have an airlock at the entrance at the level of the underlying floor with air pressure in case of fire, or air pressure in the staircase must be ensured in case of fire. The specified staircase is not taken into account when calculating the parameters of the escape routes. When designing an air pressurization system, one should be guided by the requirements of SP 7.13130. It is allowed to provide an open staircase for communication between the prayer hall (altar) with the liturgical premises of the lower floor with a simultaneous stay of no more than 15 people.

6.8 The minimum height of the rooms of prayer halls from floor to ceiling must be at least 3 m. In the auxiliary rooms and on the balcony for the choir, the height of the rooms can be reduced to 2.5 m.

The height of all parts of the house church can be the same and correspond to the height of the floor of the building into which the house church is built.

6.9 The use of multi-colored spaces and balconies (galleries, etc.) to accommodate more than 15 people is allowed only for prayer halls with a maximum number of levels of no more than two (including the floor of the prayer hall). Choir balconies and technological balconies (galleries, etc.) are not taken into account when calculating the number of levels.

6.10 The design of a fire protection system for auxiliary buildings, including those built into a religious building, should be carried out taking into account the fire requirements for buildings of the corresponding class of functional fire hazard.

6.11 A religious building attached to the building of another functional purpose or built into it, must be allocated in a separate fire compartment, and provided with separate evacuation exits, except for the cases provided for by this set of rules. In this case, the degree of fire resistance of a religious building must not be lower than the degree of fire resistance of the building to which it is attached (built in).

6.12 Premises of house churches and similar premises with a total capacity of no more than 50 people can be built into buildings for various purposes, with the exception of buildings of class F5, and located in the basement, basement or aboveground in accordance with the requirements of the table. These rooms should be allocated with type 3 fire-prevention ceilings, type 2 fire-prevention walls (or type 1 fire-prevention partitions) with appropriate filling of the openings and provided with independent emergency exits.

In the halls of airports and train stations, it is allowed to place house churches on a part of the hall fenced off by mobile partitions with an unstandardized fire resistance limit. In this case, the rest of the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety must be met.

6.13 Premises and buildings for auxiliary purposes can be located on the site of a religious building complex in the stylobate part, they can be attached or built into a religious building.

6.14 Auxiliary premises and groups of premises for various purposes, functionally associated with a religious building, may be built into or attached to religious buildings, taking into account the requirements of fire safety regulations and the requirements of sections of this set of rules.

6.15 Premises (groups of premises) for various functional purposes, with the exception of prayer halls, with a total capacity of more than 50 people and premises for round-the-clock stay of people (hotels, cell rooms, etc.) with a total of more than 20 people staying at the same time should be designed in separate buildings, or stand out in independent fire compartments.

6.16 Premises (groups of premises) intended for teaching religion and (or) cultural and educational activities with a total capacity of more than 15 people, built into a religious building, should be located on the above-ground floors, have natural lighting and stand out in a separate block with type 1 fire partitions and fireproof ceilings of the 3rd type, having at least two independent emergency exits from each floor.

The placement of premises specially designed for the stay of children in the basement is not allowed.

6.17 Doors of entrances to storerooms for storing lamp oil in an amount of more than 20 liters should be equipped with thresholds with a height of at least 2 cm.

6.18 Exits to the roof may be provided from the bell tower (belfry) if there is a staircase leading to it with a march width of at least 1.2 meters through an opening measuring at least 1.50 × 0.75 meters.

6.19 In buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance of structural fire hazard class C0, the structures of roofs and domes ( rafter systems, battens, insulation), separated from the rest of the building by ceilings with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45, can be made of combustible materials. In this case, access to the roof and the installation of roof fences is not required.

Laying power grids, with the exception of lightning protection, is not allowed in the above structures.

7 Ensuring safe evacuation and rescuing people in case of fire

7.1 The premises of the prayer halls must have at least two evacuation exits in the event of:

Simultaneous stay of more than 50 people;

Simultaneous stay of more than 15 people in religious buildings built into buildings of class F1.1 or located on their territory.

7.2 Religious buildings (with the exception of house churches), built into buildings of other functional purposes, must be provided with separate emergency exits.

7.3 Premises and groups of premises for other functional purposes, built into a religious building or attached to it, must be provided with emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of sections, this set of rules and normative documents on fire safety.

7.4 The floors of a religious building, buried more than 0.5 m, must have emergency exits separated from the upper floors. In this case, the floors, buried by more than 0.5 m, in which the premises for liturgical purposes are located, as a rule, should be provided with separate emergency exits from the floors with rooms for other purposes (including from the underlying floors). It is allowed to provide for common staircases with one underlying floor, intended only for the laying of engineering networks.

7.5 The decoration of the walls, ceilings and floors of the prayer hall, as well as the escape routes, should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts and regulatory documents on fire safety.

7.6 The greatest distance from any point in the prayer hall without the estimated number of seats to the nearest evacuation exit should be taken according to Table 2.

Table 2.

Note - A dash in the table means an unacceptable combination of the indicated volume of the hall, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard of the building.

7.7 When combining evacuation passages into a common passage, its width must not be less than the total width of the combined passages.

7.8 The width of evacuation exits from the prayer hall without the estimated number of seats is determined by the number of people evacuated through the exit according to Table 3, while it must be at least 1.2 m for a hall with a capacity of more than 50 people in a building of any degree of fire resistance.

Table 3

7.9 The width of the evacuation exit from the corridor to the staircase, as well as the width of the staircases, should be set depending on the number of evacuees through this exit per 1 m of the exit width, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard in accordance with Table 4. In this case, the width of the flights stairs leading to the floors with a prayer hall and intended for parishioners must be at least 1.35 m.

Table 4

7.10 The parameters of escape routes and exits from prayer halls with an estimated number of seats should be determined by calculation.

Escape routes from prayer halls must ensure the condition for the safe evacuation of people in the event of a fire: the sum of the estimated evacuation time t p and the time of the start of the evacuation t ne must be less than the required evacuation time t n... At the same time, the width of evacuation exits from the prayer hall with a capacity of more than 50 people should be at least 1.2 m, the width of the flights of stairs leading to the prayer halls and intended for parishioners should be at least 1.35 m.

Time t n defined as 0.8 t bl, where t bl- the time of blocking the escape routes from the hall, t bl is established by calculation in accordance with the methodology.

In the absence of the possibility of determining t bl by calculation it is allowed to take the value t n according to table 5, taking into account the requirements of subsection 6.1 SP 1.13130.

The required time for evacuation from the building as a whole should be taken no more than 6.5 minutes.

Table 5

Estimated time of evacuation of people in case of fire t p and the time of the start of the evacuation t ne should be determined in accordance with the methodology.

7.11 The clear width of the main evacuation exits from the religious building to the outside to the adjacent territory must be at least 1.2 m.

7.12 The width of the entrance vestibule to the religious building must exceed the width of the doorway by at least 0.15 m on each side, and the depth of the vestibule must exceed the width of the door leaf by at least 0.2 m.

7.13 The device of thresholds with a height of more than 2 cm in the doorways of emergency exits from the premises of liturgical purposes is not allowed.

7.14 The width of the march of the outer staircase of the entrance group to the religious building must be at least 2.2 m, and the platforms with a height of more than 0.45 m from the ground level, located at the entrances to religious buildings, must have fences with a height of at least 0.9 m.

7.15 At sites with a simultaneous stay of more than 50 people, evacuation lighting should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 31-110 and SP 52.13330.

7.16 Evacuation from structures designed to notify about the beginning of prayer (bell towers, belfries, minarets), with a simultaneous stay of no more than 5 people, can be carried out by spiral staircase width not less than 0.7 m. When organizing an observation deck with one exit, its capacity is allowed to provide for no more than 30 people. The staircase intended for evacuation from the observation deck must have an exit directly outside and comply with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

For a belfry, located at a height of no more than 28 m, not intended for placing an observation deck, it is allowed to provide an exit to the lower room, provided with emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of the norms or this set of rules, along a vertical or ordinary staircase through a fire hatch with dimensions of at least 0.6 × 0.8 m or a door with dimensions of at least 1.50 × 0.75 m. The height of rise on a vertical ladder should not exceed 2 m, and on a regular ladder - 5 m. Fire resistance limit of the hatch in buildings I - II degrees of fire resistance must be at least EI 60, in buildings of III - V degrees of fire resistance - at least EI 30.

7.17 From a balcony that is not intended to accommodate parishioners, with a simultaneous stay of no more than 15 people, it is allowed to provide one evacuation exit. The specified exit is allowed to be provided by an open staircase made of non-combustible materials directly into the premises of the prayer hall. It is allowed to provide the specified stairs made of combustible materials in buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance. In buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to provide wooden stairs treated with fire retardants of the first group of fire retardant efficiency in accordance with GOST. In this case, measures should be provided to protect the steps from abrasion through the use of special coatings. The width of the flights of stairs should be at least 0.8 m. If there are no more than 10 people staying on the balcony at the same time, an open staircase is allowed to be made with a spiral or with winders. In this case, the width of the tread in the middle should be at least 0.18 m.

7.18 Doors of emergency exits, as a rule, should open in the direction of evacuation, except for the cases specified in the fire safety regulations. The direction of opening the doors is not standardized for premises intended only for the accommodation of clergy and religious personnel during a divine service.

7.19 When calculating the parameters of escape routes and emergency exits, the number of worshipers in religious buildings should be taken as follows:

for prayer halls of religious buildings with an estimated number of visitors - based on the number of seats plus the number of people, determined at the rate of 0.8 m 2 of the area of ​​the prayer hall per person, not occupied by equipment;

for prayer halls of religious buildings with an unaccounted number of visitors - at the rate of 0.5 m 2 of the area of ​​the prayer hall per person, including the area occupied by equipment;

for the altar - at the rate of 5 m 2 of the area of ​​the altar per person, including the area occupied by the equipment;

for the rest of the premises - in accordance with the functional purpose of these premises.

The area of ​​the auxiliary premises, as well as the part of the area of ​​the prayer hall that is not intended to accommodate worshipers, are not taken into account when determining the number of people in a religious building.

When calculating the number and parameters of evacuation exits from the prayer hall, exits outside the premises intended only for the accommodation of clergymen are not taken into account.

7.20 If, based on the peculiarities of the service, the exit of the parishioners from the religious building cannot be through the front doors, it is not allowed to take into account the entrances to the religious building when determining the number and width of emergency exits.

7.21 It is allowed for the staircase leading to the belfry (bell tower) to the bell ringer's workplace or to the level for accommodating the choir (no more than 15 people), provide natural lighting through light openings with a total area of ​​at least 0.6 m 2.

7.22 Requirements for escape routes and emergency exits that are not specified in this set of rules should be adopted in accordance with SP 1.13130.

8 Engineering fire safety systems

8.1 General requirements

8.1.1 Religious buildings must be equipped with engineering fire safety systems in accordance with the requirements of this section, regulatory legal acts and fire safety regulations.

8.1.2 In the absence of the technical capability of equipping religious buildings with engineering fire safety systems in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety (the complexity of installing fire detectors in a double-height or domed space, the impossibility of providing for measures to remove smoke from a double-height or domed space due to lack of access for maintenance, etc.), it is necessary to provide for the calculation of fire risk in accordance with the methodology to confirm the condition of compliance of the protected object with fire safety requirements.

8.2 Requirements for internal fire-fighting water supply

8.2.1 Internal fire-fighting water supply in a religious building should be provided with a building volume of 7500 m 3 or more.

The need for an internal fire-fighting water supply system and water consumption for buildings divided into parts by type I and II fire walls are determined by the characteristics of that part of the building where the highest water consumption is required.

In religious buildings of class C0 constructive fire hazard, it is allowed not to provide for the installation of fire hydrants in prayer halls (with the exception of prayer halls with an iconostasis made of combustible materials).

The number of fire nozzles and water consumption for internal fire extinguishing of parts of a building with other functional purposes, allocated to an independent fire compartment, should be provided in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for protection objects of the corresponding class of functional fire hazard.

8.2.2 For a religious building, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken according to Table 6.

Table 6

8.2.3 For internal extinguishing of domes and dome structures made of combustible materials (except for buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, as well as buildings with a prayer hall volume of less than 7.5 thousand m 3), it is necessary to install dry pipes with deluge sprinklers equipped with pipes brought out to the outside, equipped with connecting heads GM 80 for connecting fire fighting equipment. The consumption and intensity of irrigation of the protected area, as well as the duration of water supply should be taken as for the 1st group of premises in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130. It is allowed not to equip the specified dry pipes with the outward branch pipes when combined with an internal fire-fighting water supply system. In this case, the total flow required for both systems must be ensured, and the connection of dry pipes to the internal fire-fighting water supply must be carried out through a shut-off device with automatic or manual start. Devices for manual starting should be located near the evacuation exits from the prayer hall.

Under-dome spaces separated from the rest of the building by fire-resistant ceilings (in accordance with the degree of fire resistance of the building) may not be equipped with a fire-extinguishing system. At the same time, the openings in the said ceilings should be provided with filling with fire hatches with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 30.

8.2.4 The device of an internal fire-fighting water supply system should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130.

8.2.5 In the premises of prayer halls in buildings of constructive fire hazard class C0, the height of the compact part of the jet may be taken taking into account the provision of irrigation of the upper part of the iconostasis or building structures made of combustible materials.

8.3 Heating, ventilation and smoke protection

8.3.1 Fire safety measures for heating, ventilation and smoke protection systems must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.

8.3.2 Applicability stove heating and its characteristics should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.

8.3.3 To protect the prayer hall, it is allowed to provide exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural induction of draft through shafts with normally closed fire valves or smoke hatches (including as part of skylights or light drum windows) located on the roof of the prayer hall, regardless of the number of storeys the building itself. To compensate for the volume to be removed by supply air, doorways of external exits, which are automatically and remotely opened in case of fire, can be used.

8.4 Automatic fire alarm, automatic fire extinguishing, fire warning and evacuation control systems

8.4.1. The need to equip buildings with automatic fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing installations, as well as the requirements for them, are determined by SP 5.13130.

8.4.2. When choosing detectors, one should take into account the specifics of the use of premises (use of incense, candles, etc.)

8.4.3 Religious buildings should be equipped with fire warning systems. The type of warning system is determined in accordance with clauses 6 or 7 of Table 2 of SP 3.13130, depending on the type of religious building (with or without an estimated number of seats for visitors).