What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Chetyrekhskatnaya rafter roof is considered a rather complex structure. It is recommended to entrust the construction of such a structure to experienced professionals who will help you correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the supporting beams and select the optimal weight of roofing materials.

This design has both advantages and disadvantages. Before choosing a similar roof for your home, it is recommended to carefully consider the positive and negative sides of the hipped roof.

The main advantage of such a structure is the aesthetic appearance of the residential building. Thanks to this, the house takes on a smooth and streamlined shape.

Varieties of hipped roof

There are several types of such a design. The standard structure is an isosceles triangle that connects at a central point.

Novice builders often confuse four pitched roof with a conventional hip roof. It consists of triangles, which form a regular square in top view.

If the plan shows a rectangle, then we are dealing with a hip structure. She received this name as a result of the use of special stingrays, which have appearance forceps - hips.

The hipped roof is divided into the following types:

Dutch;
half-hip Dutch;
half-hip Danish;
tent.

The Dutch roof is distinguished by its resistance to climatic disasters. Two trapezoidal slopes are used here. The upper parts have long regular triangles, and the lateral ones are presented in the form of shortened corners.

In this case, a rafter system is used in which four inclined beams with the required slope angle are used. Payment hipped roof occurs based on the area of the building.

Thanks to this, it is possible to correctly position the inclined beams and the distance between them.

The semi-hinged Dutch roof can be made as a gable or four-pitched rafter roof... For the construction of such a structure, it is recommended to carefully select building materials.

Bearing supports should be made of dense wood species. This variety is distinguished by its durability and endurance in relation to natural disasters.

Advantages and disadvantages

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof? Experienced specialists highlight the following positive qualities of such a structure. These include:

lack of gables. Thanks to this, it is possible to improve the aerodynamic performance of the roof;
the minimum angle of inclination of the roof slopes. In this case, the hipped roof system allows you to adjust the length of the hanging logs. These elements help to make them an additional canopy for the veranda;
aesthetic appearance of a residential building. The house acquires smooth and streamlined lines.

The disadvantages include the following reasons:

complex installation. You can make such a roof yourself, if you have special skills;
high consumption of building materials. For creating hip roof it is necessary to make four slopes, which require additional marking and deformation roofing;
the construction of an attic space is required. If this requirement is neglected, then the risk of partial collapse of the erected structure increases.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof

How to make a hipped roof with your own hands? We bring to your attention detailed instructions, which will help to correctly erect this structure.

It includes:

Calculation of a hipped roof. This manipulation allows you to correctly calculate the amount building material, the distance between the bearing logs and the angle of inclination of the roofing. The roof area will be slightly larger than the width of the ceiling span.

Drawings of a hipped roof. Here are detailed calculations and additional elements for attaching load-bearing logs.

Ceiling construction. For this, dense wood is used, which is fixed at a distance of 50 cm from each other. Next, a layer of waterproofing is laid, which will prevent the appearance of mold and excessive humidity in the room.

On concrete walls install metal fittings. Bearing beams will be attached to it in the future.

Now they are starting to erect girder spans. They are fixed with metal corners and embedded anchors. When installing, it is important to observe the angle of inclination. For classic dutch roof it is necessary to observe 45-50 degrees.

Next, we start making the attic space. It will be located in the center of the roof structure. To do this, make rectangles from a dense bar. For a roof with an area of 50 m2, you will need 4-5 elements;

The frame of the beams will rest on the upper boundaries of the rectangular structures. The beams should form a 45 ° angle at the top. All elements are fixed with anchors with plastic attachments.

When the frame is complete, proceed to the roofing decking. Here you can use a metal profile, or soft tiles. The photo of the hipped roof shows the workflow.

Photo of a hipped roof

Building a house with your own hands is a long and laborious process, and also very costly in terms of finance. If you wish, you can save on the installation of the roof and do the work on the installation of a 4-pitched roof with your own hands.

A hipped roof is the most popular type of roof, which, moreover, is quite easy to build with your own hands. If you have at least minimal skills and experience construction works, then, following the instructions, you can build a roof yourself. The choice of a 4-pitched design is explained by its many advantages - it is effective drainage of rainwater and snow, resistance to wind loads. under such a roof, you can equip a spacious attic. An important role is played by the cost of building a roof, a 4-pitched roof is a rather economical option.

Views

There are several types of roofs with 4 slopes. The most popular is the so-called hip roof. It consists of two trapezoids and two triangles. Trapezoidal slopes are connected to each other along the upper edge, and triangular ones are attached to them from the frontal sides.

Another common option is four triangular surfaces connected at one central point. You can also create almost any project that involves slopes on different levels, of various shapes, with a broken connection line, etc.

If you are not a professional in the field of construction, then when creating a 4-pitched roof, stop at the hip roof as the easiest to install.

How to make a 4-pitched roof with your own hands. Step-by-step instruction

Before proceeding with the installation of the roof, you should draw up its project. Calculations can be done independently, since there is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to understand what this or that parameter on the diagram depends on.

The angle of inclination of the slopes

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slopes, three indicators are used:

precipitation in the region

roof material

The slope can be from 5 to 60 degrees. You should also consider whether you will be equipping the attic space. If the slopes are too shallow, then the height of the attic will be small - it will be impossible to make a living room here. Thus, for the construction of an attic, the slope of the slopes should be no more than 45 degrees.

If the area is characterized by frequent gusty winds or a large amount of precipitation in winter, you should not make a roof with an angle of inclination less than 30 degrees.

If the slope is 60 degrees or more, then atmospheric phenomena climatic zone can be ignored.

As for the material for the manufacture of the roof, the building codes provide for minimum values for each of them.

Rolled materials made from bitumen can be laid horizontally.
Asbestos cement and clay tiles - at an angle of 9 degrees.
Steel roofing materials - a slope of 18 degrees or more.
Wood - from 34 degrees.

Height

The height of the roof is the parameter that will need to be calculated. The base area is known to us since the box is built. The roof slope was calculated in the previous step. Thus, using simple formulas from the time of the school curriculum, it will be possible to calculate the height of the skate.

Preparation. Required tools and materials

Prepare everything in advance necessary tools, so as not to be distracted by their search later. You will need:

hacksaw
measuring instruments: plumb line, level and tape measure
chisel
circular saw
drill
screwdriver
hammer

Of the materials, the main role is given to the roofing. Do not forget also about the fasteners with which it will be attached to the rafter system.

For the sheathing of the four-pitched roof, high-quality sawn timber is used, larch or pine wood is suitable.

The maximum moisture content of the boards and beams is 22%.

For rafters - boards 50 x 100 mm or 50 x 200 mm
For Mauerlat - timber 150 x150 mm or more
Sheathing boards

Also purchase threaded metal studs and metal plates - these elements will be used for fastening. You will also need an antiseptic for preprocessing wood. To complete the installation of the roof as quickly as possible, prepare hydro and thermal insulation material that are provided by the project.

Rafter system

Mauerlat. This is the base of the rafter system, which is made of thick timber. If you make a roof on log house, then the last crown of the log house will play the role of the Mauerlat. If the house is brick, then the installation of the Mauerlat is also designed in advance. A concrete belt is made under it, in which metal studs are walled up. The timber is subsequently fixed on them.
Ridge run. This is the very top of the system, thick bar, on which the rafter boards will subsequently be attached.
Rafters. These elements represent the boards from which the main frame is created.
- diagonal rafters connect the corners of the Mauerlat and the ridge girder
- in-line rafters are mounted on trapezoidal slopes
- the rafter half-legs rest on the Mauerlat, and on the other hand, on the diagonal rafters
Sill. Installed parallel to the ridge girder on the load-bearing wall. Its task is to transfer part of the weight of the roof to the frame.
Support legs. They connect the bed and the ridge girder with each other, make the structure more durable.
Braces. Lean on the bed and support the diagonal rafters to reduce the load on them.
Other auxiliary structural elements - truss, puffs, filly, crossbars. They support certain details of the crate and take the load off them.

Stages of work on the installation of the frame

Installation of Mauerlat and lying.
Installation of vertical posts with a step of 1000 - 1200 mm.
Fastening the ridge girder.
Installation of rafter legs. First, one element is made, tried on to the Mauerlat and the ridge run. The rest of the details are made on its basis. The pitch of the rafter legs is 600 or 1200 mm.
Installation of diagonal rafters. They start fastening from the top, the boards are cut into the ridge so that they become its continuation. From below they are attached in the corners of the Mauerlat.
Fastening of the handicrafts.
Installation of struts and trusses. These elements are not always necessary. If the structure is strong enough without them, then there is no need for installation.
Additional elements are required if the length of the rafters is from 6 meters or more. In other cases - at your discretion.
Installation of waterproofing. The selected material is attached with a construction stapler.
Sheathing flooring. If it is solid, regular plywood will do. For the lattice frame, boards are used.
Laying of roofing material. Fastening is carried out exclusively in the way that is suitable for the specific building material selected. It is best to use the supplied hardware.
Mounting drainage system... This is the final part of the roof installation.

If you plan to use the attic space as a residential attic, you need to insulate it from the inside. Then all that remains is to spend Finishing work- and the roof is ready for use both outside and inside.

If you are not sure of your own knowledge, you can order a hip roof project from professionals. Often it is done at the same time as the project at home. In any case, it will be cheaper than restoring the roof after installation according to the wrong parameters.
If you are proficient in computer programs, you can create a model of the roof in 3D projection.
Don't skimp on materials. Before installation, carefully check all boards for strength and treat with an antiseptic. The elements should not have cracks, bends, irregularities. For the rafter system, materials of grade 1 and higher are used.
Before installing the Mauerlat, the surface of the walls can be covered with roofing material.
The Mauerlat must be fastened very firmly so that it does not move even by a fraction of a millimeter during operation. This is the basis of the entire rafter system, on which the strength of the roof depends.
Compound rafter elements each other is carried out using metal corners, which are firmly attached to the elements to be connected with bolts.

Thus, it is quite possible to make a four-pitched hip roof with your own hands if you have at least basic construction skills. All that is required is thorough preparation, a study of theory and a detailed project with the calculation of the amount of required materials.

An example of the construction of a hip roof can be seen in the following video:

Most often, a four-pitched roof for a house is chosen because of its visual appeal, not considering that this structure has other advantages: the ability to withstand large wind loads, increase the level of protection of walls from moisture, and allow you to equip living quarters in the attic space.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof. Photo

Four stingrays are considered the best option for regions with strong winds and a large amount of precipitation. When deciding to build a hipped roof on your own, it is necessary to take into account that this structure is Requires accurate drawings and increased attention when measuring and marking.

Preparatory work

The main difference between a four-slope (hip) roof with four slopes from a structure with two slopes is that there is no need for side gables. The four-slope structure consists of two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes, the latter replacing the pediments.

Under the roof, there can be just an attic room or a residential attic. The construction of a hipped roof begins with the definition of its purpose and the selection of materials, taking into account climate features... It is important to take into account the amount of precipitation and the strength of the wind when choosing the angles of the slopes, the thickness of the materials for the wooden components and the type of roof.

Important! The slope of the slopes can vary from 5 to 60° ... The stronger the winds and more rainfall, the greater the slope.

The wood components should be thicker than for the gable structure. If the slope does not exceed 18 °, suitable for the roof roll materials... With a slope of 18-30 °, it is better to choose metal or ceramic tiles.

Calculation h Do-it-yourself gable roof. Photo

Upon completion of the first stage, an accurate roofing diagram... You need to know what materials and in what quantities you need to buy.

Stages of building a hipped roof with your own hands

For the device of a hipped roof, coniferous wood is used without defects with a moisture content of 18-22%. First of all, a base is arranged, which evenly distributes the load on the supporting structures. A layer is laid along the perimeter of the building waterproofing and is mounted mauerlat- solid timber 10x15 cm or 15x15 cm. Joints are made in an overlay, metal brackets, plates and corners are used to tie the corners.

The next step in the construction of a hipped roof is installation of the bed. This is a bar that serves as a support for the racks and is located on the base. Further, racks are mounted on the beds (timber 10x10 or 10x15 cm) with a rafter pitch (no more than 2 meters), a ridge beam (10x20 cm) is installed, temporarily resting on special racks.

Important! It is necessary to pay special attention to the angle of installation of the racks.

When installing a hipped roof, it is necessary to take into account that it consists of 4 planes. Trapezoidal ramps require lateral rafters, for triangular - diagonal (oblique). This is a solid timber 10x15 cm or 10x20 cm, which is mounted with a step of 50-150 cm.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof. Photo

At the points where the rafters rest on the base, you need to make cuts and fix the structure with metal elements. From above, the rafters abut against the ridge bar, connected to the racks using grooves. To strengthen the structure, it is recommended to use diagonal supports, struts, steel connecting elements.

Roof installation

The final stage of building a hipped roof with your own hands is the installation of a waterproofing layer, counter-lattice, lathing (or solid flooring). It fits on the rafters waterproofing material... Its purpose is to exclude the destruction of the rafter system due to the ingress of moisture from attic space under the roofing material. The film is overlapped and sealed with adhesive tape for tightness.

The next step is the device counter bars... This is a timber or board treated with an antiseptic. Attaches to the rafters, allows you to fix the waterproofing material, creates an air cushion between roofing material and insulation.

For the lathing, dry boards 4-5 cm wide are used, which are attached to the counter-lattice at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. If the arrangement of living quarters in the attic space is not planned, then the roofing material is then mounted.

When device warm attic a vapor barrier material (film, foil, glassine) is mounted on the rafters from the inside with the help of staplers, preventing moisture from entering the warm room into the insulation. Thermal insulation material 15-20 cm thick is laid on the vapor barrier.

The advantages of a hipped roof

The construction of a hipped roof allows you to:

convert the attic space into a residential attic, that is, increase useful area at home;
increase the level of resistance to external influences in the form of wind and rain, thereby increasing the strength of the roof and extending its service life;
make the appearance of the house more attractive.

Despite the fact that the planning and process of the device requires a lot of time and material costs, the device of a hipped roof with your own hands is possible with the basic skills of a carpenter. The farm must have: gasoline, circular or hand saw, drill, chisels, hammers, level, cord, tape measure. Before starting work, it is advisable to carefully watch the video that is suitable for the content.

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At the final stage of the construction of the building, it is necessary to equip the roof. There are a large number of its design solutions, but among the variety, the owners of private cottages often prefer the construction of a hipped roof. This type of roof differs in complexity installation works, but the result exceeds all expectations, since the design has a wonderful appearance, thanks to many variations, as you can see by looking at the photo. In addition, the hipped roof has a long service life.

Variety of hipped roofs

When deciding how to make a hipped roof of a house, you need to consider possible options... Its main varieties: hip, hip, half-hip.

Hip hip roof ... Its construction consists of four triangles, the vertices of which converge at a single point. The base of such a roof can be a square or a rectangle, and the slopes, respectively, can be of the same size or paired (in more detail: "").

Hip hip roof ... Building a hipped roof with your own hands of this type seems difficult, but if you have the skills to create a conventional roof, this task is quite feasible. When the base of the house is in the shape of a rectangle, a hip structure is usually used. At its ends, two triangular planes are arranged, and two front slopes are made in the form of a trapezoid. These two triangular shaped surfaces are called hips.

Calculations of the structure of a hipped roof

Installation of a roof of this form is impossible to implement if there is no project for its construction.

The procedure for calculating a hipped roof correctly is known only to employees of specialized design organizations. In the technical documentation prepared by specialists, there are drawings of the truss structure, its main joints, a diagram of the roofing "pie" and other elements for arranging the roof.

When calculating strength indicators, it is taken into account that constant (among which the weight of the roof itself) and temporary loads are on the rafter system. The latter factors include precipitation, strong winds, and the weight of people inspecting or repairing the roof. The weight of the roof is determined by multiplying the specific gravity of each material used by the surface area of the slopes. For this you need to know.

The rafters that are the most important detail rafter system, made of a rectangular bar having a cross section of 50 to 150 millimeters. Thanks to this element, the necessary rigidity is provided, so the lumber for it must be made of high-quality wood, without defects.

The technology of how to build a hipped roof provides for the sequence of installation of the truss structure. First, you need to install the Mauerlat (the lower frame of the roof of the house) in place, which is a support from a bar and logs. To check the correct installation of the elements of the rafter system, use a building level (read also: ""). During installation, the Mauerlat is positioned so that the lower frame extends beyond the outer walls of the building by at least 40 centimeters along the perimeter of the building. To prevent the walls from getting wet, two layers of roofing material are laid between them and the Mauerlat. V wooden log cabins bottom frame roof structures the upper crown protrudes.

When the Mauerlat is laid, they begin to install the frame rafter legs, which are called diagonal or oblique. To give additional strength, they are fixed with racks or struts, and thus the structure has greater rigidity and the load is evenly distributed. If there is a need for this, side girders are built for the rafter supports. Installation is also carried out on three supports of the central beam - on both sides and in the center. Then the main frame is assembled; for this, the inclined rafters are fixed to the support beams and at the same time to the ridge run. At the same time, the installation step does not exceed 50 centimeters, otherwise the structure will turn out to be fragile and will not be able to withstand external loads.

The rafter system of the hipped roof, detailed video instruction:

To avoid excessive vibration in windy weather and in order to increase the strength characteristics of the roofing system, you can fasten the rafters together at a distance of one meter from the ridge run, for which boards with a section of at least 40x120 millimeters are suitable.

Before making a hipped roof, you need to make sure that the material for the sloped rafters is not shorter than the calculated value. True, absolutely accurate selection in relation to the size is not required, since rafter legs will be trimmed. Experts recommend using a lot of fasteners such as nails when building a hipped roof to ensure the utmost reliability of the structure.

When the assembly of the frame is completed, they begin laying roofing cake: vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing and coating material. The choice of the latter depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes, and it must be chosen first. Roll coating is ideal for flat structures(5-18 degrees), and at 30-60 degrees, asbestos-cement slate, profiled sheet or metal tile are used.

The amount of roofing material that needs to be purchased is determined based on the area of the roof. Until the moment how to calculate the area of the hipped roof, the area of each slope is calculated and the result obtained is summed up.

When creating a hipped roof, a decent result can be obtained only if there is a project and drawings.

The hip roof is one of the most popular roof structures in the field of private housing construction. The roof of the gable type, in contrast to the gable roof structures, has additional triangular slopes. How to make a hipped roof yourself? To do this, you first need to study it. design features, construction technology. After creating a roof project: calculate the required amount of building material, create drawings with the exact placement of all structural elements, indicate other points.

In this article

Types of hipped roof structures

Hip roof is a classic version of a hipped roof with two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes.
The semi-hip roof structure is a hip roof, in which the triangular slopes are shortened. This option is used if there is an attic.
Hip roof - the roof structure resembles a pyramid, all four slopes are triangular in shape. It is used to overlap buildings with a square structure, you can make a hipped roof for a gazebo.

Advantages of using a hipped roof

The structure of a gable roof consists of a rectangular base, four inclined planes, slopes, two of which are trapezoidal, and two are triangular, located in the area where the gables are located at the gable roof structure. Dormers, dormers, bay windows, cuckoos are installed on the slopes. This gives the roof a special look.

The main advantages of using a four-pitched roof structure

Due to the absence of gables, such a roof is more stable in contrast gable roof before strong wind loads, therefore it is recommended for construction in regions where strong gusty winds prevail.
More ramps are more effective in removing melt water, rainwater and snow. On such structures, snow practically does not hold.
Under such a structure, you can equip a fairly spacious attic room.
Another important plus of the four-pitched roof is the affordable cost of the structure due to the use of a building material made of wood for arranging the rafter system, on which a roof covering can be laid at any price.

Creation of a hip roof project

How to build a hipped roof with your own hands? To do this, you must first prepare a design project with drawings and detailed details of its installation. To correctly determine the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, you need to carefully study the recommendations of the manufacturer of the roofing, climatic conditions. For example, for slate, the recommended slope angle can be from 15 to 60 degrees, for roll soft roof- up to 18 degrees, for tiles - 30-60 degrees.

Important! The amount of precipitation in winter period... With intense snowfall, it is better to make the slopes more steep so that the snow calmly rolls off the roof.

Having chosen the optimal pitched roof angle for your region, it is necessary to calculate the height of the ridge and its other parameters. When calculating the rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the length of the rafters, the section wooden beam, run size, installation step.

When creating a project for a hipped roof, the following loads must also be taken into account:

the mass of the used roofing material, the coating as a whole;
weight of waterproofing, insulation coating;
the amount of annual precipitation;
wind, snow load;
arrangement of additional elements on the roof: roof windows, lights, antennas, etc.

Important! Having calculated all possible loads on the roofing structure, it is necessary to add a certain margin of safety, which will guarantee the stability of the roof in unforeseen circumstances.

Also, all purchased lumber for the construction of the truss system must be pre-treated with an antiseptic.

Rafter system

The design of a hipped roof involves the choice of a certain section of the components of the rafter system. The section is selected depending on the calculation of the expected loads on the rafter system during the operational period. In this case, wind and snow loads, the used angle of inclination of the roof slopes must be taken into account.

It is imperative to provide for the safety margin of the rafters, calculate the step, taking into account their bearing capacity. The design of the rafter system is selected in relation to the parameters of the building: it is recommended to use inclined rafters, if there are columnar supports, an internal load-bearing wall. If there is no possibility of forming such a supporting structure, then it is necessary to equip a hanging type rafter system. For some types of buildings, both types of truss systems are used.

When creating a project, it is necessary not only to choose the right system of rafters, but also to determine the need for additional fastening elements, for example, puffs, braces, which the structures give more rigidity, prevent it from loosening after long-term operation, and also reduce the percentage of load on the rafters themselves ...

Calculation of loads

Considering in detail how to make a hipped roof on your own, it is recommended to pay special attention to the calculations of possible loads on the roofing structure.

Types of possible roof loads:

loads that constantly affect the roof are the mass of the lathing, protective materials (waterproofing, insulation), roofing material;
temporary (non-permanent) loads - the mass of snow accumulated on the roof in winter, wind loads, and other environmental influences;
additional loads are additional elements fixed to the rafters, for example, a water tank, ventilation system chambers, etc. (additional elements should also be taken into account in the process of creating a project, calculating a rafter system).

When designing a rafter system, two calculations are made, one of which is aimed at strength analysis (you need to make sure that the system is able to withstand the expected loads). Another calculation is aimed at analyzing the possible deformation of all elements of the roof.

After all the foreseen calculations have been made, the drawings of the rafter system of the four-pitched (mansard) roof are performed. Detailed diagram should contain the dimensions of each component, as well as the method of their fastening.

Today, it is possible to significantly simplify the calculations for the rafter system of a four-pitched roof structure using a computer program that will also help prevent accidental errors.

The final stage of arranging a four-pitched (mansard) roof is its insulation. For this, it is recommended to use expanded polystyrene or basalt wool. Insulation material is placed between the rafters. It is also imperative to put a layer of waterproofing to protect the roof from moisture.

Eventually

A hipped roof is a rather complex structure for DIY construction. Therefore, before starting to independently cover your house with roofing material, it is worthwhile to thoroughly study the technology of erecting such a structure, to consult with specialists in this field. The duration of its operation will depend on how correctly and efficiently all stages of the roofing will be carried out.