What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

The presence of a canopy or visor over the entrance door to the room allows you to solve two problems at once - to reduce the flow of water into the cracks of the doorway and to protect the owners from bad weather. Even a small visor over the entrance can dramatically add positive emotions to the owners and protect the entrance to the house from rain and snow. It is clear that when the entrance to a brick building is traditionally built in the form of a heavy canopy over the porch made of metal and plastic, this is primarily required by the design of the facade of the house. For a summer residence or a bath, it is quite possible to build a visor over the entrance from a tree with your own hands. Moreover, making such a structure is no more difficult than a bench or a table. The main thing is to look nice and provide reliable protection from the rain.

Dual-slope or single-slope, what to choose

If you wish, you can pick up at least a dozen different designs for a wooden mini-shed or a visor, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. For wooden buildings predominantly gable and arched structures are chosen.

The gable canopy above the entrance, photo, looks quite impressive, in addition, such structures are better able to withstand wind and snow loads.

But, before you start making a gable wooden visor over the entrance with your own hands, you need to take into account several additional factors:

Building such a wooden shed usually requires carpentry and wood handling skills;
The manufacture of even the simplest two-slope visor will take at least two days of work;
To build a gable structure, you will need twice as much lumber, fasteners and roofing.

For your information! The weight of the finished gable canopy is at least 25 kg, therefore door block and additional load will be created on the walls.

If a house or a bathhouse is built using panel technology or from OSB slabs, the loot at the entrance to the room will need to be additionally reinforced with a bar in order to avoid deformation of the door frame. For timber and brick buildings, the wooden canopy above the entrance can be attached directly to the wall.

The lean-to design has its advantages:

A simple one-pitched wooden canopy over the entrance is built in one working day;
Consumption of materials and fasteners is three times lower than that of a gable structure;
The simplified design of the visor makes it possible to make protection over the entrance to the house even for a novice carpenter.

Usually single-slope structures in design and appearance they lose to the gable, but if you show a little ingenuity and invention, the visor can be made no less cute and convenient to use. In addition, the small weight of the wooden canopy makes it possible to fix it above the entrance to the house with literally four to six self-tapping screws.

We build a gable canopy with our own hands

One of the most popular options for a lean-to canopy made of wood is shown in the figure.

The plane of the slope is formed by a system of short rafters and lathing, laid on two transverse beams. The base of the frame is made up of two triangular side posts. To compensate for the vertical load and firmly hold the canopy over the entrance to the house, the cantilever beams holding the ramp are reinforced with arched wooden struts.

Such a canopy made of wood is ideally combined with a gable roof slope, as if being its continuation. According to the reviews of the masters, the above scheme of the visor has proven itself well in practice, but manufacturing will require a certain skill, experience in working with wood. Therefore, if you need to build a protection over the entrance in a couple of hours, the simplest metal and wood canopy below is the best option.

Construction of the simplest lean-to canopy made of wood

Majority simple awnings and protective structures made of wood, built with their own hands, suffer from the same drawback - inexpressive appearance. The problem can be solved by making a wooden visor over the entrance with your own hands with additional elements that imitate wood carving.

To build a visor you will need:

Moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 15 mm and dimensions of 150x100 cm;
Lining made of wood or board, dimensions 120x10x2 cm, in the amount of 10 pcs .;
Galvanized iron sheet, 0.8 mm thick and 120x100 cm in size.

The visor design is three crossbeams laid on vertical plywood posts. To get the maximum decorative effect, you first need to come up with an original sketch of a pattern that imitates wood carving, photo.

After the final design of the drawing scheme, the outline of the pattern is cut out with a jigsaw. Cutting plywood is much worse than cutting regular wood, beams or planks. To prevent the teeth of the blade from lifting the top layer, you can stick a film or tape on the cutting line. The cut out rack is carefully sanded with an emery cloth on wood.

To avoid errors in the size of the rack or the shape of the decor, it is best to make the second rack by direct copying. To do this, it is enough to fix the first copy of the rack on a sheet of plywood and use it as a template. The result is two carved wood posts.

To enhance the decorative effect, the front eaves strip is also cut with woodcarving elements. The surface of the slope and the back side of the visor are stuffed with pieces of plywood, and an additional central transom is installed to increase rigidity. Since most of the power and load-bearing parts are made of plywood, the structure of the visor is assembled on self-tapping wood screws, which provide excellent rigidity and maximum strength of the connection.

A visor is attached above the entrance to any in an accessible way... The easiest way is to wrap 4-6 self-tapping screws in boards stuffed onto the back of the structure.

Before proceeding to the arrangement of the roofing, the tree must be treated with an acrylic or alkyd waterproof varnish. A canopy made of wood above the entrance will be partially protected from rainwater, but it is known from practice that even moisture-resistant plywood and treated wood do not tolerate moisture and sunlight well. Therefore, additional processing with varnishes and paints will only increase the durability of the structure.

Galvanized sheet steel is used as roofing material. On the sides and along the overhang, it will be necessary to bend the gutters, 1.5-2 cm deep, this is enough to collect the flowing condensate and melt water. On the back of the roofing, a strip with a width of at least 10 cm is folded back to protect the abutment area.

When installing the visor over the entrance, the strip will need to be bent up and fixed with self-tapping screws.

A simple version of the gable visor

For the manufacture of a gable canopy made of wood, it is used wooden bar 70x70 mm and 40x70 mm and pine lining. The choice of wood and the size of the timber is due to the desire to avoid undesirable operations of cutting rafters into the base of the roof. Self-tapping screws - "wood grouses" with a hexagon head are used as fasteners.

The gable canopy is a frame structure consisting of four parts:

L-shaped racks made of wood, with the help of which the entire structure of the visor is firmly held above the entrance to the house;
Frame or base supporting the rafter system;
Rafter frame of the visor;
Roof covering, consisting of battens and shingles.

To make a visor made of wood, you will need a screwdriver with a set of drills and countersinks, a circular saw, a set of self-tapping screws and a marking tool.

Making frame fasteners

At the first stage, you will need to make two vertical support posts of the visor. Each stand is assembled from wood, plank or timber 70x40 mm from three parts. Initially, the vertical parts of the L-shaped racks must be fixed to the wall of the house. After aligning the upper ends in height, the workpieces are fixed with self-tapping screws, aligned vertically and fixed in the lower part.

The second stage is to install horizontal beams and struts. Each beam and brace is initially tacked with studs to a vertical bar fixed to the wall of the house. Only after aligning all the elements of the racks horizontally, the struts are sewn to the horizontal and vertical parts of the rack with wood grouses.

Before proceeding with the installation of the rafters of the visor, the ends of the beams are connected with an additional bar, which ensures the rigidity of the entire structure made of wood.

Installing the rafters of the visor

The rafter frame consists of three pairs of rafters. Each pair is measured and collected before the installation of the canopy over the entrance begins. Most of the rigidity of the truss structure made of wood is provided by a solid sheathing and correctly installed wood grouse screws.

Before fixing, each pair of rafters is aligned with a plumb line and level. This is the most difficult and crucial stage of construction. To keep the rafters in a stable position, you have to resort to a little improvement. Under the supporting surface of each rafter leg a triangular wooden stand is laid out, photo.

The stand is additionally glued with any glue for working with wood. Next, the tree is fixed with a clamp, countersinking and drilling a hole for a wood grouse self-tapping screw is performed. After screwing in the self-tapping screw, the head is completely recessed into the tree and does not interfere with further packing of the battens.

After all pairs of rafters have been fixed to the frame, the last rafter two is additionally attached to the wall of the house. This ensures that the entire wood structure is securely and safely held above the entrance to the room.

Laying the roof on the canopy slopes

For this structure, you can use almost any type of roofing, in principle it does not matter what type of roofing material will be used to protect the wood frame. Since the slopes and the crate are clogged with solid clapboard, the most simple option the roofing will be bituminous shingles.

Instead of lining, any tongue-and-groove board can be used to drive the roof. The lower the weight of the tree and the structure as a whole, the better. After the first layer of lathing, sewn on the slopes of the visor OSB plate, to protect the tree, a waterproofing material is laid, and bitumen shingles can be fixed.

Conclusion

According to the masters working with canopies and roof structures, wood is best suited for DIY home construction. The cost of a wooden shed over the entrance to the house will cost about three times cheaper metal structure... If an arched or non-standard canopy is required, load-bearing wooden beams can be ordered from a carpentry workshop, and most of the work on assembling the canopy can be done by yourself.

The canopy over the entrance to the building, balcony or gate serves a double role. It protects the opening from atmospheric factors and is part of the decor of the building (or site), even considered almost its key detail. But regardless of which of the functions the owner considers to be a priority, it is imperative for the door visor to choose the most acceptable materials and scheme.

There are many engineering solutions, since this element of the facade of the house is not regulated by any regulatory documents (SNiP, GOST). And this allows you not only to draw up your own, original drawing, but also to optimize costs. When deciding how to make a canopy over the door so that it has maximum functionality and at the same time is a decoration of the house, you should adhere to a simple algorithm.

Drawing up a diagram

The complexity of manufacturing and installation largely depends on the type of visor. It is the configuration of its coating that determines which materials are more appropriate for it. When choosing an acceptable shape and size, a number of points should be considered.

Features of the climate. First of all, how snowy the winters are in the region. The crust (glaciation) creates a significant load, therefore, when installing the visor, you need to pay attention to the strength of the structure.
The location of the house. Whether it is covered by other objects (forest belt, adjacent buildings, etc.) matters in terms of wind load. If the wind rose adversely affects the stability of the canopy, then schemes with low windage should be chosen, and the originality, "exclusivity" of the visor in this case should recede into the background.
Maintainability. Unfortunately, few people think about the fact that any structure located outside the building is subject to maximum wear. Before you make a visor over the front door, you should evaluate how difficult it will be to put it in order (restore or repair).
The purpose of the canopy. If you want to protect only the door from bad weather, then a small visor is enough. Larger models can cover the terrace, turning it into a cozy gazebo at the entrance; there are drawings of structures that stretch from a private house to a gate (garage), forming a kind of covered alley.

Dimensions (in mm). When determining them, one should be guided by the following typical recommendations. In depth, the visor should be at least 300 more than the platform, that is, completely cover the bottom step from above. The same applies to the width; to prevent precipitation from entering the area in front of the entrance to the house from the side, the canopy should protrude beyond the perimeter of the jamb on each side by the same 300. If the door standard sizes, then the width of the visor varies within 1250 - 1750, depending on its model and the specifics of the entrance design.

Frame type. You can make a visor according to one of four schemes: cantilever suspended, beam, support, or in the form of a kind of extension mounted on free-standing pillars (independent structure).

Canopy shape:

single-slope version - the simplest visor over the door, the manufacture of which does not require professionalism;
gable schemes - increased strength of the canopy is provided. If the roof of the house has the same appearance, it is advisable to dwell on this modification of the visor;
arched structures - the advantages are that they fit well into any architecture and withstand significant loads. Snow on such a canopy does not accumulate, and therefore you can choose lighter materials;
spherical, domed visors - a plus in that they are characterized by good streamlining. With an unfavorable wind rose - one of the best solutions;
"Pagodas" - they are distinguished by grace and originality. But taking into account the intensity of precipitation in our latitudes and the fact that they will accumulate on the canopy, it is worth thinking once again whether such a canopy is needed.

Other options are nothing more than modifications to the basic structures.

Choice of materials

The opinions of experts on this point are divided. Some believe that one should focus on the facade of the house, others - on its roof, and still others - on the design and shape of the porch. But there are obvious things that cannot be ignored.

Support structure

Metal. Suitable for all types of buildings, provides maximum structural reliability and is suitable for cladding with any materials. Leaving is not difficult; if there is no anti-corrosion coating or steel is not of the "stainless steel" category, then regular painting of the elements is sufficient.

Wood. As a rule, visors are made from it above the door of a log, squared or frame house, lined with wooden clapboard. Needs systematic impregnation and processing with special / means. If the porch is on the illuminated side of the building, there is no question of durability - twisting, cracking is inevitable.

Brick. For massive canopies and solid houses, this is a good solution, especially if the racks are trimmed with decorative tiles. But the complexity of the construction also increases the final cost of the work. Strength can be increased by inserting a metal bar into the supports, which is an advantage of this solution.

Roof

It is easy to cover the canopy over the front door yourself with the following materials.

Polycarbonate. There are many advantages - low weight, a huge palette of shades, a choice in sheet sizes and thickness. If light protection matters, then it is worth focusing on cellular modification of products.
Professional sheet, galvanized. Cheap, attractive, reliable. In addition, working with sheet metal is quite simple - bending, cutting, processing.
Slate. A significant disadvantage is a large load. We'll have to equip a solid support. And the appearance of such a visor can hardly be called presentable.
Metal tile, soft roof... And they have a drawback - you have to mount solid crate... And this, in addition to the additional load, and the increased consumption of materials.

Thick glass makes great entrance canopies. But this option is not for self-production. And traditional roofing material, roofing felts, films are only suitable for country house, and even then, not everyone.

Installing the frame

Installation is carried out depending on the selected visor scheme. But the general procedure is the same.

Fastening the racks. For metal frames, it is better to choose shaped tube, with a side of about 40 mm. It is easy to fasten any flooring to it with bolts or self-tapping screws. If the structure requires reinforcement, it is not difficult to mount the lathing. But the fixation supporting elements on the wall - only with anchors.

After installing the frame part of the canopy, it is cleaned (if necessary) and treated with a solvent. Before painting, the metal of the visor is covered with a layer of primer.

Sheathing of the canopy. The specificity of fastening sheet materials is that washers are necessarily placed under the fastener heads, even if they are large. The tightening of the hardware is not done to the end in order to avoid deflections in the profile. Covering the visor over the door with polycarbonate with your own hands, you should use special fasteners, which include thermal washers. Otherwise, the thermal deformation of the sheets will lead to their rapid destruction.

There are enough different ideas and schemes on the Internet. Considering that there are no strict requirements for visors at the entrance to buildings, any drawing can be taken as a basis and developed your own, individual project... The main thing is that the canopy fits well into the design of the house, corresponds to the purpose and is easy to implement with your own hands, without the help of professionals. Well, those who do not rely on themselves can order a canopy from a specialized company.

The stylish design of the main entrance to a private house sometimes creates a much stronger impression than the cottage itself. One of the most important tasks when equipping general architectural style building performs a canopy over the porch. At the same time, spectacular design is far from the only function assigned to the visor. Its main task is to ensure the protection of the front entrance from external adverse factors.

Regulatory requirements

The porch canopy is not just a part of the roof, it is an architectural component that is responsible for a number of important conditions for comfortable and safe living in the house.

Helps to provide the greatest comfort when entering living quarters, allowing you to shake off raindrops from clothes and an umbrella while still on the porch, or to clear snow from shoes.
Provides maximum reliability - a properly constructed canopy can withstand not only the weight of falling precipitation, but also all kinds of loaches, for example, wild grapes, which are often used to decorate the main entrance to the house.

Forms effective drainage. This is very important to preserve the integrity of the entire facade of the building, which is why modern awnings over the porch include special engineering communications - water, flowing down the visor, is poured into storage capacity and through an equipped outflow system, the liquid is discharged outside the residential building.
Performs a decorative function. A stylish canopy of an unusual shape can become the main accent, emphasizing the unique architecture of the building, a bright note that gives the entire design completeness and conceptuality.

In order for the canopy over the door to serve faithfully for many years and not need repairs after a couple of years, it must meet the basic technological requirements:

the visor must withstand a large load and pressure - when calculating, one should take into account the weight of the snow mass that falls on the visor from the roof, as well as the dimensions of green spaces, which often wrap around the structure;
it is optimal if the structure effectively protects not only the porch itself, but also the front door in the building;

a prerequisite the effectiveness of the design is the equipment of the water drainage system, as a rule, it is performed in the form of a storage tank, a storm drainage system or a gutter;
the design of the visor should be in harmony with the general architectural appearance of the building, taking into account the peculiarities of its style and color scheme.

More precise requirements for awnings are established by the current GOSTs and SNiPs, namely:

canopies and awnings must be installed above each entrance, main or secondary, as well as on the doors of the bathhouse and outbuildings;
canopies should be made only of materials that are resistant to combustion;
as finishing materials, it is recommended to use those that are approved by the sanitary authorities;
canopies must be able to withstand a load of at least 200 kg / m2.

Views

Canopies are performed in the most different options, but at the same time, any configuration requires general compliance with a single stylistic decision of the exterior, therefore, when developing a canopy project, any detail, trifle, nuance should be taken into account. As a rule, one of the following forms is chosen for the construction of the visor.

Flat canopy- most often used when decorating a country house or facade in the style of rustic or, for example, shabby chic, for this you just need to put together several boards with each other and stylishly decorate them with decorative materials.

Dome- is different original design however, this is by no means the only advantage of this configuration. The undoubted advantage of such a coating is its compactness, the surface of such a visor occupies a smaller area than other types of options, however, it covers the same area. This means that much less materials are required for arranging the visor, which leads to significant savings.

Arched and semi-arched forms- such canopies are called "marquise", they are very economical, because very little materials are spent on their arrangement. Such models are distinguished by natural drainage, and in addition, they withstand the pressure of snow masses.
Gable canopy- the most simple construction, which at the same time provides a full drain.

Three-slope option- organically combined with multi-pitched roofs, it is characterized by increased strength and wear resistance.
Concave visor- a canopy of an unusual shape, which can become a stylish accent of the architectural concept.

Materials (edit)

Perhaps there are practically no restrictions on the materials from which the visor can be made. Metal, plastic, roof tiles and many others can be used for a stylish canopy. modern materials... Let's dwell on each of them in more detail.

Polycarbonate

This material is widely used in the creation of canopies and awnings, as well as for the construction of fences. winter gardens and gazebos.

The use of polycarbonate for arranging the visor has a number of advantages:

the material is transparent, effectively scatters ultraviolet radiation, maintaining a safe level of normal illumination;
polycarbonate is a durable compound that does not break or crack under strong gusts of wind and pressure of snow masses;
the substance is fire-resistant, it does not change its shade under the influence of direct sun rays, does not rot, rusts and does not deform;

the surface of polycarbonate is considered an unfavorable environment for the growth of mold, dangerous fungus and insects;
the material is plastic, therefore it allows you to mount visors of various shapes, including semicircular and angular options;
the modern market offers wide choose most polycarbonate different shades and the thickness of the plates, thanks to this, everyone can choose exactly the option that will best suit the design and general style of the house.

The disadvantages of the material include poor resistance to ultraviolet light. That is why manufacturers cover it with special compounds, without which the canopy can become cloudy after a short time and worsen its performance.

Plastic

PVC boards are often used to equip an effective porch canopy. It should be noted that the consumer properties of plastic are similar to those of polycarbonate, however, its cost is several times lower. In addition, the material is lightweight, which greatly facilitates its installation. The disadvantage is a rather meager color range, and fading in the sun, however, this drawback is successfully leveled by multi-colored films that are sold in any hardware store.

Metal

A stainless steel visor is considered a relatively budget option. However, for its construction, at least minimal welding skills are required. If there is no such experience at all, then nuts with bolts and rivets can be used, although in this case it is necessary to periodically check the strength of the connections.

Canopy out of stainless steel characterized by durability and high strength, it is resistant to mechanical damage and temperature extremes. Such a canopy can protect the main entrance for many years. Among the shortcomings, one should single out the large dimensions and the need for regular anti-corrosion treatment.

Professional list

This material is considered a good alternative to metal, since it combines its strength and durability with the manufacturability of modern processing. Such materials are coated on both sides with a layer of special protective polymers, which significantly increase its resistance to adverse external atmospheric factors and have an anti-corrosion effect.

In addition, the profiled sheet is produced in a fairly wide range of colors and textures. Therefore, home owners can not only choose the desired shade, but also, for example, emphasize the texture of wood or imitate masonry or the structure of a brick covering. In addition, this material is simpler than steel.

Among the disadvantages are the following:

corrugated board does not transmit the light of the sun, therefore, such materials should not be used when equipping spherical canopies;
The profiled sheet has a relatively low impact resistance - in the case of, for example, hail, the integrity of the visor will not be violated, but the marks from the blows will remain.

Forging

Separately, it is worth paying attention to such a variety of metal visors as forged. These awnings are always exceptionally luxurious and elegant. They fit perfectly into exteriors decorated in a classic style, demonstrating the taste and status of the owners of the mansion.

Of course, forging is very expensive. However, in order to give the entrance a noble appearance, it is not at all necessary to build a completely forged canopy, it is enough to add a few decorative elements that can transform the general appearance of the building before our eyes.

The lack of material is associated with its installation. Such a canopy cannot be made independently, and it is better to entrust its fixation to the hands of professionals - otherwise, the entire structure in winter may simply collapse under the weight of the snow masses.

Wood

A kind of material that is not suitable for every home. Wood canopies should be used when arranging houses made of natural wood, rough stone or brick. The advantages of wood are its environmental friendliness and safety. However, this material is afraid of water and fire, mold with fungi can appear in it, and insects often equip their holes in such structures.

That is why a canopy made of wood should be regularly treated with special fungicides and fire retardants, which allow the material to withstand all unfavorable environmental factors.

Metal tile

Many designers do not consider the use of metal tiles to be a suitable option for arranging a porch, since this is a rather bulky coating.

However, the consumer properties of such awnings are extremely high:

they are resistant to mechanical damage;
resistant to temperature extremes and direct sunlight;
have a long service life;
are distinguished by their decorative design.

Very often, metal tiles are replaced with bituminous ones - they are much lighter, and in addition, they perfectly absorb sounds, which means they create additional sound insulation. Often, such a coating is used in the country due to its low cost and ease of installation.

Glass

This material is used very rarely, it is not suitable for every home and not every family. Glass looks harmonious in dwellings furnished in the style of minimalism; in all other cases, you should give preference to other materials. Well, in addition, in families, for example, with children, it is better to refrain from using glass visors, since such a product can be damaged during active games with a ball and a racket.

Design

General principles porch canopy designs are based on the combination of the canopy with the overall stylistic concept of the building facade, as well as with the tasks that you assign to the canopy. If you only need a structure to effectively protect the porch from wind and precipitation, then it is better to stop at the simplest and most inexpensive visor, as they say "neat and tidy." Such coatings are most often made of polycarbonate or metal profiles, however, other materials can also be used. The only thing that matters is the compatibility of color and style of decoration with the overall finishing of the facade of the building and its color scheme.

Sometimes there is a need to design a visor in some kind of special design- Russian, classic, high-tech, half-timbered or chalet. For example, for log house an opaque wooden canopy will be appropriate, fully corresponding to the style of a traditional Russian hut. However, here a forged visor will be appropriate.

When implementing high-tech ideas, you can use polycarbonate or glass, metal will emphasize the Gothic, and metal tiles will emphasize the classics.

Since the visor is a rather significant component of the entire facade of the building, it should be a single architectural ensemble with the porch itself, railings and steps. In addition, the canopy can be separately decorated with decorative elements, for which lanterns and flowerpots are most often used. Sometimes, with the help of a canopy, a closed space is equipped, which can be used as a recreation area.

Drawings and projects

The construction of the visor requires the compulsory drawing up of a drawing of the future structure, the calculation is based on:

the selected material, which should not only harmoniously fit into the overall design of the building, but also have a sufficient degree of strength and stability;
type of canopy - flat, shed, gable, arched, etc .;
visor dimensions - its length, width and depth;
location - the structure for sheds over the main and emergency exits, as a rule, varies significantly.

The main points to take into account when drawing up a drawing:

the width of the canopy should be 50 cm more than the doorway;
the optimum tilt angle for a pitched canopy is 20 degrees.

A drawing is really necessary when equipping a canopy. It will not only help you to correctly perform all the necessary installation work, but also allow you to calculate the required amount of materials.

How to do it yourself?

At first it may seem that building a visor is very simple - nail the frame and lay the base material. In practice, this is far from the case: installation can be done independently, but this requires at least minimal skills and experience in working with construction and facing materials... Of course, if you just want "not to drip on your head," then nails and a hammer will be enough. But in order for the visor to provide effective protection and be a stylish architectural element, you should carefully consider all stages of work, take care of a strong frame and choose the optimal shape.

The process will go much easier if the master has a finished sketch. Even if it was compiled by hand, it will in any case reflect all the pros and cons of the project.

Depending on the material used and the working area, you can choose one of the following types of fastening:

Suspended - fixation is made on special suspensions located just above the visor. This option is optimal for materials with low weight, for example, polycarbonate and corrugated board.
Suspended - mounted to the wall using supports.
Supporting - contains "pillars" that rest against the foundation or the porch itself. This design is suitable for oversized visors.

At the first stage, a frame is built, most often it is made of metal pipe having a triangular section. To begin with, cut pieces of rolled metal the right size, and then weld them to each other in accordance with the scheme: first, I mount the U-shaped base of the frame, and then attach the base elements.

Most often, the frame is made on the ground; in rare cases, additional components are welded onto the base, which is already suspended from the facade.

The total number of jumpers during the construction of the frame largely depends on the material used, so if the visor is made of corrugated board, then the slats should be located in increments of 30 cm.At the final stage of arranging the frame, a cornice film is attached, as well as elements of the drainage system (gutters and pipes) ...

Making straight visors is not particularly difficult. It is much more difficult to create arched structures.

For the manufacture of undulating canopies, pipes are cut with a very large margin, and then bent with a gas wrench or a special pipe bender. If there are no such tools in your home workshop, then you can recommend an ordinary grinder, it makes cuts along the entire surface of the pipe in increments of 30-40 cm, along which the pipe is bent until the required rounding is achieved, and then the cuts are welded.

If the visor is planned to be mounted from heavy materials, then the frame of the hinged structure should be additionally equipped with stops that extend from the outer corner of the canopy to the wall at an angle.

The next step is to drill holes with which the frame will be attached to the wall. Usually, the visors are fixed at the top and bottom on both sides - that is, 4 attachment points are obtained. However, if it comes about metal canopies, it is worth increasing the number of fasteners.

obliquely with respect to the horizontal bar, additional bars are attached on both sides, which will become the frame for laying the outer covering;
if the visor is large, then the crate is first laid on the beams and only then the main roofing material;
we will immediately make a reservation that on the basis of a wooden frame, it is possible to construct canopies with straight laconic geometry. Wave-shaped and spherical canopy options cannot be mounted.

Traditionally, canopies made of metal or profiled sheet are made by professionals. They independently equip canopies made of corrugated board or plastic. The material is attached to the frame using steel screws and thermal washers. To do this, a hole is drilled on the main covering, through which it will be held on the frame. In this case, a rubber or silicone layer is made without fail. Thermal washers should not be twisted too tightly, as the sheets should have the possibility of slight displacement.

In order not to get wet in the rain and not languish in the sun while you open the front doors, you need some kind of protection. Usually a visor is made above the porch or just above the door. In some cases, the canopy can also cover the steps and even the walkway or part of it. How to make such a structure, from what materials and we'll talk further.

Types and types

If we talk about the structure as a whole, the canopy or canopy over the porch consists of a frame and roofing material (cladding). There may also be support posts that support the outer edge of the canopy. They are optional. They are needed when there is no confidence that the structure without additional supports will be able to withstand settlements.

Precipitation is generally understood to mean snow. In regions with a lot of snow, you can either make the slope of the canopy steep so that the snow melts quickly, or you can install additional supports. You can do both, as they usually do - the safety / durability margin calms and instills confidence.

Frame and rack materials

The frame and supports of the visor above the entrance door are made of:

The most popular material for the manufacture of a canopy frame over a porch lately is a profiled pipe. With equal dimensions and wall thickness with round pipe(if you compare the diagonal and diameter), the profile has greater rigidity. At the same time, it has a wide variety of sections - a square and a rectangle with different sides, it can be bent into arcs, it is easier to weld and attach to walls, it goes well with elements of traditional or cold forging, and is the same in terms of durability as other steel products. In general, it is the profiled pipe that is in favor today.

What is the lining of the canopy over the porch made of?

If we talk about materials for facing the visor over the porch, there is a very wide choice. Very often, the canopy over the entrance to the house is made of the same material as the roof. And this is correct, since in this case a harmonious design of the house is obtained. With this solution, any roofing material is used:

The second option is to use the material that is used in the fence. In this case, both the design style and the decor elements should be recognizable. This will create a single ensemble with the site. Here the materials can be as follows:

slate (usually flat, but not fact);
corrugated board;
polycarbonate;
wooden plank.

And the third design option for the canopy over the porch is to put a canopy "neutral" in style and material. These include:

Glass is the least commonly used. It is necessary to use reinforced types such as triplex, and they not only are roads, they also weigh solidly, so that additional suspensions or powerful support columns are definitely required. And if we consider that sheet polycarbonate or plastic in appearance is not much different from glass, it becomes clear why glass is unpopular.

Canopy shapes

There are more than a dozen forms of visors over the front door. The easiest to manufacture is a lean-to canopy. Requires a minimum of effort and materials, and can look pretty good. Its downside is that when the snow melts, the snowdrift will be in front of your door and it will urgently need to be eliminated. Other models with forward-leaning slopes suffer from the same "disease". These are excellent options for regions with little snowy winters, but with hot sun - not quite for our latitudes. Although, if you are not afraid of the need for urgent snow removal, you can do any of the options.

It is a little more difficult to make a gable visor (which is a house) and a simple arch. They are good in that the melted snow is on the sides of the entrance and, even with a large amount of it, there is no need to urgently remove it. So for regions with a lot of snow, these are the best models.

How to connect a porch visor and a house wall

One of the most difficult moments is to dock the covering of the canopy over the porch so that no water can flow down the wall. Usually, standard methods of joining the roof are used - using a baffle plate. This method is suitable for any roofing material, as well as sheet metal and wood. You just need to choose the right color. There are two approaches here: in tone with the wall or in tone with the roofing of the visor. The options are equal, so it's up to you to decide / choose.

A groove is made under the baffle bar in the wall (5-7 mm deep). The edge of the plank is inserted into the recess, fastened, the seam is sealed with a moisture-resistant sealant for external use. The other edge of the plank rests on the roofing material. When water runs down the wall, it flows to the bar, from it, bypassing the joint, onto the roofing material and further into or directly to the ground - whoever has done it.

If you use metal tiles, sellers have a special wall profile. It can also be used with other materials - it is important to choose the color. The standard assembly includes rubber seals, which are placed a couple of centimeters from the outer edge. In this case, in strong winds, water and debris do not fall under the bar.

If the visor over the front door and porch is made of polycarbonate, glass or plastic sheet, the method described above is unacceptable - it looks too rough. In this case, there are two options:

Others good options no. You can only combine the two for reliability.

How to fix if the wall is multilayer

Recently, more and more buildings have multilayer external walls - ventilated facades, insulation ... The load-bearing part of the wall is closed by a couple of three layers of materials, the bearing capacity of which is only enough to hold its own weight. Nothing can be attached to them. The entire load must fall on the load-bearing wall.

Even if the outer layer is a finishing brick, it doesn't cost anything to attach to it. Masonry is usually carried out in half a brick. So it only looks solid on the outside. It will not stand the mass of even the smallest and lightest canopy, and the support columns do not help either.

Therefore, with any multilayer wall, holes are made in all finishing / insulation layers, the structural elements are attached to the load-bearing wall.

Shed visor: design features

An inclined or straight single-slope visor is the simplest thing that can be. Straight lines are rare in our country - they are not very functional, but there are a lot of single-sloped inclined ones.

At the heart of the inclined shed visor is a right-angled triangle. The right angle lies against the wall, and the length of the sides depends on the desired slope.

In the simplest case, you can weld three identical triangles from a profiled pipe (as in the figure above), make holes in them for fasteners (at least three). These three elements can be connected into a single whole with the help of the lathing under the roofing material - as in the picture. And you can weld crossbars from the same pipe (but of a smaller section) or strip, corner. This option - with metal lintels - is more suitable for a canopy over a porch made of polycarbonate or plastic. It is also good for a metal sheet - it will be convenient to weld it on or screw in self-tapping screws.

There is also an option with a variable angle of inclination. It is a rectangular frame with lathing lintels, to which a lightweight roofing material is attached. This frame is fastened above the entrance with the help of a wall beam fixed to the wall (we described how to make the connection above).

Depending on the required angle of inclination, struts are made. They can be made of metal or wood. Fixed to the frame.

If desired, this option can be made with an adjustable tilt angle. Make the fastening of the frame and struts to the wall movable (on hinges, for example), make several holes in the frame. By rearranging the struts in different holes, you can get a different angle of inclination. For doors, this feature is not too relevant - perhaps for glass doors - to block out too bright sun, but for windows it can come in handy.

Gable canopy frame

There are at least two ways to assemble a visor with two slopes: from two or more (depending on the length of the canopy) triangular rafters or from two rectangular frames with a crate, fixed with crossbars. The second option is shown in the figure below, and the first one will be a little further.

A canopy with a house is one of the popular options

Method one

Two quadrangles are assembled from a bar or thick board, which are united by a ridge board. The angle of inclination of the slopes is set by saws on the ridge, fixed with crossbars - a spacer bar. Since the roofing material is laid down from the ridge, the battens are packed in the opposite direction. Soft shingles require continuous flooring. It can be moisture resistant plywood or.

Brackets are also assembled on the ground - stops that will transfer the load from the visor to a large area of the wall. It is better to assemble the structure on the ground (without fastening the roofing material). In order to raise and secure the canopy, assistants or the services of a manipulator will be required.

Method two

The second option is the assembly of individual truss structures. Maybe this option will seem easier to you - according to this principle, all gable roofs are assembled.

Here, too, a frame is assembled from a bar and brackets are needed. But the frame lies in a horizontal plane, resting on the brackets. Two or three triangles of rafters are assembled, which rest on the ridge beam, and it abuts against the rack, which is fixed to the frame with the second end. It turns out a mini-model of a conventional rafter system.

To improve appearance, put cuttings near the rack. In the photo above, they are curved, but this is far from necessary. It can be done simply from a bar by sawing it at the desired angle. It is also better to assemble the system on the ground - it will not work exactly to connect at a height.

Made of metal

If the frame of the visor is made of a metal pipe, everything is much simpler. The pipe has a large bearing capacity, so there are much fewer supporting and auxiliary elements.

Cook two identical triangles - the size of the future canopy. They are connected with jumpers, the length of which is determined by the "depth" of the visor. To prevent the cladding from sagging, additional crossbars are welded on.

The finished structure of the canopy is complemented by brackets - stops. In the picture above, the canopy above the porch has only a stop without slopes. For regions with little snow in winter, this is enough, but to keep a solid mass of snow, you will need a mowing or stand. Or maybe both (as in the diagram below).

Decorative items are optional. There may be an ordinary triangle here.

Arched visor over the porch: manufacturing features

The canopy over the entrance door in the form of an arch cannot be called difficult to manufacture. It is more convenient to make this form from steel pipe, moreover, from a profile, rectangular section. With the help (you can also manually, but this is more difficult), several arches of the same size are made. They are connected with jumpers, the length of which is determined by the desired size of the roofing part.

Arched design - the simplest of the options

The first and last arches are connected by horizontal bridges, brackets or, as in the picture above, ordinary stops are welded to the last.

You can often see double arches with decorative and not very filling. They are typical for large structures. Still, the windage and snow load is large and it is better to play it safe by making a margin of safety than to do everything anew.

Photo ideas

The porch canopy is not only above the front door, but also above the terrace.

Wooden canopy over the entrance in the form of a house - options with support posts under the tiles

Sections of the article:

A canopy over the porch located in front of the front door is a must-have element of decor country house... Based on the appearance of the entrance and the facade, guests have a first impression of the house itself. Also, a visor is required to protect the outer side of the door from precipitation.

Types of canopies and canopies

The main purpose of the canopy is to protect the building's porch and entrance doors from direct sunlight, rain and snow. Visors can differ in size, shape, design, installation method. They are made from different building materials.

Most often, visors are broadcast over the entrance of private houses. small size enough to protect the porch and entrance. But, some owners of country cottages equip wide awnings, and the sides are sewn up from the wind. In the summer, such structures are used for recreation, such as terraces.

By the type of installation, canopies are divided into supporting and hinged products. The first are massive structures that require reliable fastening. They are installed on wooden or metal supports, and the side part is attached to the wall of the building.

Hinged canopies are small, lightweight structures that are attached only above the front door. Most often, they perform only decorative functions, since they are not able to protect against heavy rain or snow.

Do-it-yourself photos will help to make awnings over the front door of a private house ready-made structures... This makes it much easier to decide on the shape and design of the visor for your residential building.

Variants of canopy shapes

The complexity of its manufacture and installation depends on the design of the canopy. When choosing its shape, not only decorative functions are taken into account, but also the location of the house, the climatic conditions of the region, the very purpose of the canopy and its maintainability.

Single slope

This is the simplest canopy option, both in terms of construction and design. Anyone can independently mount it, since in this case it is not required to have deep knowledge in the field of construction.

Shed roofs are used when arranging support sheds and open summer terraces... To prevent tree leaves, water and snow from accumulating on them, they are made on a slope. Slate or corrugated board is most often used as a floor material.

Gable, tricycle

The gable canopies over the porch match the rustic and classic styles... Such structures look spectacular when they are made entirely of wood or covered with tiles. Such canopies are quite heavy, so support pillars are arranged under them.

A three-slope canopy is a more complex gable roof structure. It looks more attractive, but making it with your own hands is already much more difficult.

Semicircular

Semicircular porch awnings were previously cut from metal sheets. Today, transparent cellular polycarbonate is more often used. This building material is light enough, bends well, so it is easy to work with it. At the same time, designs using polycarbonate look presentable.

For designers, this building material, which manufacturers produce in different colors, is a real find for the embodiment of their ideas. Not only can a small visor near the front door to the house be made semicircular, but also an overlap for the entire facade of the building.

Curly

To make a canopy of a complex curly shape, you need to have extensive experience in the construction industry, so it is difficult to do it yourself. Such designs not only attract the attention of everyone around them, but also delight many connoisseurs of art.

For the construction of curly sheds, craftsmen use roofing materials that are easier to process. These are monolithic (honeycomb) polycarbonate and soft tiles. Shaped roofs can be of different designs: concave, polygonal, dome-shaped and other shapes.

Canopy materials

On modern market building materials offer a large number of roofing options. Each material has its own design features, technical and operational characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. All these parameters must be taken into account when choosing a roof covering for awnings over the entrance doors to a country cottage.

This material is suitable for covering the canopies of the entrance doors of private houses, made of building blocks or bricks. Polycarbonate does not go well with wooden structures.

The material has an attractive appearance, has good performance characteristics, therefore it is quite in demand for construction market... Steel frames are ideal for transparent cellular polycarbonate.

The main advantages of the material: plasticity, flexibility, light weight. Therefore, it is easy to work with it and you can create products of complex geometric shapes. At the same time, transparent polycarbonate is strong enough, resistant to mechanical shock. That is, such a canopy will withstand any rain, hail and snow.

The only drawback: the material, under constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation, loses its aesthetic properties. When used from the sunny side for a canopy of transparent polycarbonate without a special protective film, the material will become cloudy after 2 years of operation.

Metal sheets

Steel sheets for roof covering are the most a budget option... But, to work with them, you need to have certain skills.

Material advantages: reliability, durability, long service life.

Disadvantages: susceptible to corrosion, strong water noise is created by the influence of rain or hail.

Metal tile is a modern roofing material characterized by high strength, long service life and unique appearance. You can cover the canopy with metal tiles on your own without the involvement of experienced roofers. The material is perfect for any design execution of the building facade.

Disadvantages of metal tiles: it heats up strongly in the sun, poor sound insulation performance.

Profiled sheets are easier to work with than metal tiles. This material is both cheaper and easier to install on the roof. The finished canopy made of corrugated board has an attractive appearance. In this case, additional surface painting is not required.

The only drawback of the building material: it is not resistant to mechanical damage.

Do-it-yourself visor over the porch

In order to independently make a reliable canopy, while attractive in appearance, and then install it above the front door in a private house, the event must be divided into several stages. A design project is preliminarily created, then the selection and calculation of building materials is carried out. Only then can the installation of the canopy itself begin.

Design, calculations

Any canopy must first be designed on paper and the appropriate calculations must be made. The drawing must indicate the dimensions of all structural elements. According to them, the calculation of the amount of building materials, fasteners is carried out.

When designing a canopy, the width of the entrance door to the house must be taken into account, to which an additional 30-50 cm is added. The resulting value is the minimum canopy width. That is, if the door width is 90 cm, then the canopy should be at least 1 m 10 cm.

The canopy is designed at an angle of 20-30 degrees. The slope is selected depending on the width of the visor (the wider the canopy, the greater the angle of inclination is made).

For the manufacture of a frame for a canopy, you can use wooden bars, steel profiles or corners. Some people order forged frames, then cover them with a roof covering to their own taste. Forged items are more expensive.

Installation of the structure

When erecting a frame for an entrance door visor, it is imperative to take into account what kind of roofing material will be used. The heavier it is, the more powerful the supporting structure must be made.

If a metal tile or slate is planned as a roof covering, then it is recommended to use an iron corner or bars measuring 5x10 cm for the manufacture of the frame. cellular polycarbonate steel reinforcing rods with a diameter of 5 mm or more are suitable.

To fix the frame to the facade of the building, anchor bolts are used, and the section of its connection with the wall is closed with a protective bar. Supports are additionally installed under heavy awnings. Support posts are inserted into previously dug holes, covered with gravel, reinforced and concreted.

After fixing the frame to the racks and the house, it remains to block the roof. The mounting option depends on the selected roofing material. Metal tiles or profiled sheets are screwed to the base with metal screws.

Cellular polycarbonate is also fastened with self-tapping screws, but through thermal washers, while the ends must be sealed with a special tape. Under the slate, a wooden crate is arranged, to which it is nailed with special slate nails.

The metal corrodes, which destroys its structure. Therefore, in order to extend the period of operation of a metal structure, it is thoroughly cleaned, covered with several layers of primer, then with a paint and varnish composition. After complete drying, the product can be painted. It is recommended to use high quality oil enamels for painting.

If a reinforced concrete slab is used as a canopy, it must be covered with a layer of waterproofing on top. For this, you can use bituminous mastic. Areas of connection of the roof with the facade are also processed.

If the canopy is a solid wood structure, the building material is pre-treated with special compounds against decay and fire. This allows you to increase the service life. wooden products up to 60 years old.

Plastic hinged structures do not require additional protection, but they are able to deform at high and low temperatures... Therefore, it is not recommended to use sufficiently rigid fasteners on load-bearing elements. Otherwise polymer coating may crack during deformation and not only lose its aesthetic appearance, but also lead to breakage of individual elements of the hinged structure.