What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

When looking at any house, the first thing that catches the eye is roof covering... And this is not surprising, because the general perception of a modern cottage largely depends on the spectacular look of the roof. However, first of all, it must be reliable. and durable.

We have prepared an article from which you will learn:

• How to choose the right roof and not miscalculate during its further operation;
• Why is an integrated approach necessary when choosing;
• What are the types of roofing;
• How to reduce the cost of installing roofing without compromising its strength;
• Why is it sometimes more profitable to buy more expensive material rather than trying to save money?

Roof roof: how to choose

You have decided to build a house and have thought about choosing a roof. In this case, it should be remembered that no matter what material you choose, it, first of all, must meet the following parameters:

• Have a suitable design;
• Be affordable for you;
• Be durable;
• Do not create difficulties with installation.

It is necessary to start choosing a roof at the design stage of the structure, since all the loads on roof structure and then the calculation is made necessary materials and roof assemblies.

• It is also necessary to take into account climatic features.

Consultant of our forum Sergey Namestnikov(nickname on the forum Pil18 ):

- By doing"right choice roofing material for our climatic conditions, it is worth remembering that due to the size of our country we are dealing with several climatic zones. Namely:

• In southern regions with high solar activity, it is worth choosing a coating based on its color fastness parameters (ultraviolet stability) and the range of operating temperatures, since the roofing in areas where it is not uncommon to add thirty degrees is very hot;
• In coastal areas, it is worth choosing a coating, taking into account the aggressive environment of the salty sea air;
• In the northern regions, it is necessary to take into account not only the winter temperature of minus forty, but the weight of the coating, since snow loads are of decisive importance.

When designing a roof, wind and snow loads must be taken into account, regardless of the materials!

Consultant opinion Elena Gorbunova, Moscow (nickname on the forum Matilda):

– It is better to start the choice of roofing material even before the installation of the truss system, since there are small but important differences in the construction of the roofing pie for different types of roofing.

Wanting to save money on construction, many choose a roof, focusing only on the price per square meter and turning a blind eye to some of the shortcomings. But don't forget about the little things! The real price also consists of the necessary components, additional structural elements, elements passing through the roof and the possibility of their installation on a given roof covering.

Any roof covering will last a long time if it is installed efficiently and in full accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations!

Roof selection algorithm

Despite the fact that there may be several selection criteria, nevertheless, first of all, any developer pays attention to the design of the roofing. After all, it should not only be combined with the house and outbuildings: a bathhouse, a garage, etc., but also ideally be in harmony with the landscape of the entire site. That is why an integrated approach is required when choosing.

Sergey Namestnikov :

– The roof covering and the general appearance of the finished roof should be combined with the design of the building, and therefore, please the owners with their appearance. You can also highlight a number of secondary criteria that should be guided by:

• Price;
• Ease of installation;
• Market availability;
• Durability.

But before you finally decide on the choice of roofing, you need to carefully study its technical characteristics and inquire about the history of the operation of the material.

No universal good advice which coating is worth using and which is not. How many people, so many opinions. Some people like corrugated board, others like tiles, and in each case it is necessary to choose individually, in place.

Sergey Namestnikov :

- When choosing a roof covering, I always recommend adhering to this algorithm: choose a design, choose a brand (manufacturer) from the desired group of coatings, choose a specific product based on its technical characteristics and prices, we are looking for the best (optimal) offer on the market, we buy.

This step-by-step approach to selection will not let you get confused.

It cannot be said which roofing material is the best. The experience of our forum users suggests that there is no single answer.

Sergey Namestnikov :

– On your roof, in my opinion, there should be such a covering, which, first of all, will please you! And to the question "what kind of roofing material is better to refuse" I would answer "from low-quality".

Even the highest quality material won't last long if misused! But it is only necessary to save up to a certain level. Do not forget that the roofing system depends not so much on the quality of the material as on the correct installation of the roofing system.

Sergey Namestnikov :

- When choosing a roof covering, the shape of the roof should also be taken into account.

If the shape of the roof is complex, with slopes, slopes, angles of various shapes, many valleys, trapezoidal and triangular slopes, then using sheet materials, metal tiles, etc. on it, leads to waste in excess of 30% of the total amount of material, which very uneconomical.

Therefore, on this kind of roofs, it is more advisable to use soft tiles and materials, during the installation of which the waste will not be so high.

Types of roofing

To understand which roofing is best for your home, you need to understand the parameters of roofing materials on the market.

Elena Gorbunova:

– The main types of materials are:

• Metal tiles;
• Soft bituminous shingles;
• Sand-cement;
• Ceramic;
• Composite.

Metal tile is rightly one of the most popular roofing coatings at the moment. It is a galvanized sheet coated (or uncoated) of various shapes (rolling shapes). The price range is approximately 200-500 r / m2.

Elena Gorbunova:

– Metal tiles differ in coating, steel thickness and profile. The thickness of the steel ranges mainly from 0.4 to 0.5 mm. The thicker the better. Steel 0.4 is too thin, and this makes installation difficult, because large sheets bend and wrinkle like foil.

Sergey Namestnikov :

- The durability of this material directly depends on the quality of the coating and the quality of the galvanized steel sheet. There is an opportunity how to buy sheets standard sizes, and order sheets of the size you need.

Despite the fact that the choice of colors for metal tiles is quite extensive, there are not so many forms of rolling, and this imposes certain restrictions on the design of the roof of a house. Also, when choosing and buying, it is worth considering not only the cost of the "canvas" per square meter, but also the cost of additional elements, since the overpriced for additional elements leads to an increase in cost.

Sergey Namestnikov :

- Do not forget that during the rain, the metal tile makes noise, which, in principle, is eliminated by ordinary insulation and high-quality sound insulation.

The service life of high-quality metal tiles, subject to correct installation, is about 50 years.

Choosing a soft roof for the house

Soft tiles- a very popular material on the Russian market. This is due to the widest design possibilities of this roofing and a large number of colors, shades and shapes. The price range for a soft roof is also very wide - from 200 rubles for the material of the simplest quality to several thousand for a roof covering from exclusive collections.

This material is excellent for use on complex roofs, as it has practically no waste during installation. Flexible shingles are excellent soundproofing noise from rain. But this type of coating requires laying on a solid base (most often it is made from OSB - plywood), which increases the cost of the roofing system.

Elena Gorbunova:

– A continuous sheathing is required for soft tiles. The most practical thing is to first fill a rare crate, and nail an OSB board (or moisture-resistant plywood) over it. In this case, the step of the lathing can be adjusted to the dimensions of the OSB board and you do not have to cut the board.

And the plate itself can be taken thinner.

The standard slab width is 1220 mm. The lathing is an inch board with a pitch of 244 mm, and a 9 mm OSB board is attached along the axes. This thickness is enough for any climatic zone Russia. And the edge of the slab will always be in the middle of the sheathing board.

Another feature of bituminous shingles is that they do not need additional waterproofing along the rafter slope. A lining layer is laid along the continuous crate and the roofing tile is already running along it. In this case, there will be no mini-leaks or condensation dripping from the inside of the material onto the insulation.

Remove the chimney through such a roof covering, fan pipe or a ventilation pipe is cheaper and easier than through any other.

Elena Gorbunova:

– It should be remembered that the places underall these exits must be provided in the roof in advance!

And in order for such a roof to last a long time, you can use the following advice when buying it.

Elena Gorbunova:

– It is important that the bitumen in the roofing tile does not become brittle over time. A fairly easy way to check its quality when buying is to sniff the tiles. There should not be a strong bitumen smell, which means that the bitumen is artificially aged and the necessary modifiers for elasticity have been added to it.

Corrugated bituminous sheets Is a material based on organic fibers (cellulose) impregnated with bitumen. This material is easy to install and lightweight.

However, it limits the developer's design options.

It is popular, first of all, due to the fact that the installation of corrugated-bitumen sheets is easy to perform independently, and the material itself is easy to transport.

Sergey Namestnikov :

Steel roofing (seam roofing)- this is the most reliable and durable steel roof, which is produced using the double standing seam technology. Such a roof has no holes, the surface is monolithic and sealed. Seam roofing is exactly the case when the material for the manufacture of the roof is not expensive, but the main problem of this type of coating is high-quality installation. There are not so many masters who can perform this type of work, which affects the price of the installation work.

Sergey Namestnikov :

- This material should be used when you need to get a durable roof, and the question of price fades into the background.

Shingles Is a material with a deep history, used in antiquity. Such a roof covering is durable and beautiful, but it has a lot of weight, which imposes increased requirements on the rafter system and the structure of the entire building.

Sergey Namestnikov :

- This material, I would refer to the premium segment, because the cost of high-quality ceramic tiles can hardly be called low.

There are several technologies for making shingles.

Distinguish between cement-sand, polymer-sand and ceramic tiles. The classic design is ceramic tiles.

Elena Gorbunova:

• Sand-cement tiles. Here you need to pay attention to such an indicator as "cyclicality". Such a roof picks up moisture, which, when the temperature passes through "zero", expands inside and leads to the destruction of the roofing. For a year in the Moscow region, several dozen crossings of "zero".

• Composite tiles. It looks very impressive, tk. combines both the volume of the profile and the stone dressing. But it is quite difficult to install, and its installation cannot be doord by roofers without experience in working with just such a roof.

If you decide to buy a roof made of natural tiles, do not count on a low cost!

Slate and painted slate Is an inexpensive material. And it can be recommended for use as a roof covering only if the price of the material is the main selection criterion.

It should be remembered that slate is already a rather outdated material. It is also quite fragile, which imposes certain restrictions on its installation.

Also, do not forget that with excessive savings on the roofing material, there can be significant losses in quality, and the cost installation works, insulation, wood, remains unchanged. Therefore, if there is an opportunity to purchase a roofing with a higher quality, it is always worth taking advantage of this, because, like a house, the roof is put on for more than one decade!

Site users can find out all the information on; understand,. The participants of our forum will tell you all about. Also here you can get acquainted with a detailed and visual description of the laying technology. In a branch of our forum there is a heated discussion of how much more expensive than metal tiles. We are discussing and. Our video clearly explains how to choose the right economy-class roofing. The roof is made up of roofing little things, and from which ones, you will learn from the second video. And if you want to assemble a seam roof with your own hands, but do not know how to do it, watch the video where our forum member talks in detail about all the intricacies and secrets of working with this coating!

What should be good roof? To understand this, you need to figure out what requirements it must meet, and there are many of them: the roof must be reliable, durable and, of course, beautiful. In this article from the Housechief editors, we will figure out how to choose the right roofing materials. Types, prices for the most popular coatings and installation tips - all this is here and now.

Read in the article

Sheet types of roofs and their characteristics

The choice of roofing depends on many factors: the geometry of the roof, the weather conditions in the region and your budget. There are coatings that are designed for and materials that are best used only on.

Therefore, when choosing a material, you need to study all the conditions that await it during operation. In addition, it is necessary to investigate all possible options and choose exactly the one that suits you. And roofing materials have a wide assortment, and are piece, folded, sheet, mastic or.

Let's start with sheet roofing materials.

Steel corrugated board and metal tiles

The coating, which is so similar to shingles, but at the same time has all the advantages of metal, is now one of the most popular.

The only drawback of this coating, as, indeed, of all its metal counterparts, is the drum noise during the rain. Using such a covering, it is necessary to provide for the roofs and ceilings of the upper floor.

Such a coating is used even for slopes with a minimum slope of 5º. This type of roofing copes with waterproofing where other materials fail. Material price - from 250 rubles per 1 m².

roll roof

Membrane coating

Roof membranes are made of polymer materials not subject to decay. This is mainly PVC. They are fastened with cold mastic, and the panels are welded together with a construction hairdryer.

Such a coating can be used to insulate roofs with a complex configuration and a slight slope. The price of a meter of EPDM membrane is from 500 rubles.

Self-leveling mastic roof

If we consider the cost of a self-leveling roof, it turns out that it is the cheapest of existing species... It is even cheaper than roll materials. As a result, you get a monolithic and completely sealed coating, without any seams and joints.

For greater reliability, a mastic roof is combined with a roll roof, which creates a multi-layer durable coating. Such a coating can be reinforced with fiberglass or fiberglass mesh.

The cost of the mastic coating, excluding wages, is about 180 rubles per 1 m².

How to choose the most suitable material? Consider two deciding factors: the amount you are willing to spend on materials and the specifics of the roof. For complex geometries or small slopes, it is preferable to use soft roofing material. If you set a goal to save money, pay attention to the galvanized metal profile, roll or bulk type. If you want to do it for ages and you can afford it, you should take ceramic tiles and slate.

What type of roof do you think is the most reliable and durable? Write in the comments! In conclusion, a small video review of the types of roofing.

An important step in building a house is the creation of the roof and the choice of roofing material. In addition to the fact that the roof protects the house from negative external factors, it is always in sight, so it should be beautiful and harmoniously fit into the design of the site.

What roofs exist: features of each type

Manufacturers offer a wide range of materials, so it is often difficult for home owners to decide what to use for the roof. And in order to make the right decision, one should understand the advantages and disadvantages of popular roofing coatings.

The roof can be protected with tiles, soft fusion materials, sheet metal and other coatings - you just need to make a choice for a specific case

Any roofing material must be waterproof, frost-resistant, comply technical requirements for flexibility, heat and sound insulation.

There are many roofing materials, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

When choosing a material for roofing, experts recommend paying attention to indicators such as:

• load on the roof - take into account the snow and wind effects in a particular region, the weight of the roof together with insulation and lathing;
• architectural solution - take into account the shape, size and slope of the roof, as well as determine the optimal external design of the building;
• service life and fire resistance - take into account the purpose of the building: expensive and high-quality materials are usually used for the house;
• warranty obligations - some coatings have a much longer service life than the warranty.

For laying seam roofing, metal sheets (pictures) are used, which are fastened together with a special seam - a seam. These connections are: recumbent and standing, single and double. The folds are folded and sealed with a hand or electric tool.

You can bend the folds yourself using a hand tool

When creating paintings, the following are applied:

• galvanized steel - thickness within 4–7 mm, service life 25 years;
• steel with polymer coating- galvanized sheet from the outside is covered with a layer of polymer with added color, service life 30–35 years;
• aluminum - lasts 70–75 years;
• copper is an expensive solution, but its service life is about 100 years;
• zinc-titanium - has the longest service life, but it is difficult to install. And the work is carried out at an air temperature above 5 ° C.

Seam roofing is characterized by high seam tightness and good moisture resistance

Such sheets are mounted on roofs with a slope exceeding 10 °. A crate or a solid base is made under them. To fix the paintings to the lathing, clamps are used. If the sheets are longer than 10 m, then they are fastened with "floating" clamps, which compensate for the thermal expansion of the material.

You can lay finished ordered pictures or use roll material, which is cut directly on the construction site in strips of the required length. For this, special equipment is used. With this method of cutting, only a vertical joint is required, so the tightness of the coating will be high.

A rebated roof is reliable, but has its drawbacks during installation

Disadvantages of standing seam roofing:

• poor heat and sound insulation characteristics - a thick layer of insulation is required;
• installation requires special equipment and appropriate skills;
• metal surface - need protection against lightning (grounding).

From metal tiles

The metal tile looks like a natural one, but it is made of galvanized sheets processed with colored polymers. Such a coating is applied from the outside of the sheet, and from the inside it is varnished. It turns out a durable, beautiful and durable roofing material.

It is quite easy and quick to mount a roof made of metal tiles, even with your own hands.

The main advantages of metal tiles:

• light weight;
• variety of colors;
• easy installation;
• resistance to temperature extremes, natural and mechanical influences;
• affordable price.

Among the shortcomings, there is an increased noise level during the rain, if the installation was performed incorrectly and the roof is not sufficiently insulated.

Metal tiles are very similar to natural ones, but have less weight

There are several types of polymer coating:

• polyester is the most common option;
• polyurethane - increases the service life and cost of metal tiles;
• made of special polymer compounds - thickness 35 microns, it is optimal for the roof.

Sheets of metal tiles are mounted on the crate, the step of which is 35-50 cm.

If the length of the roof slope is less than 7 meters, then a solid sheet is used, and when it is larger, then the sheets are combined. If the slope angle is less than 14 °, then the sheets are overlapped by 2 waves.

To prevent condensation from accumulating on the roofing material, it is necessary to properly collect roofing cake from a steam and waterproofing film, as well as two types of insulation.

From corrugated board

Roofing made of corrugated board in terms of characteristics and installation method is no different from metal. The main difference is only in their appearance.

The roof of the corrugated board differs from the metal tile only by the ribbed surface

Here, the crate is made in the same way and insulation is laid.

The greater the slope of the roof, the thinner you can take boards for the sheathing (but not less than 3 cm) and less often to take its step (but not less than 0.3 m).

Sheets of corrugated board may differ in color, size, waveform and metal thickness.

Decking can cover not only the roof of your own house, but also the top of an ordinary city balcony

From ceramic and cement-sand tiles

Despite the fact that new roofing materials are constantly appearing on the market, natural tiles do not lose their popularity.

Elements made of baked clay and dried cement-sand mixture do not allow heat to pass through and have high porosity, so a roof made of such materials is warm and “breathable”, and no noise is heard in the house during rain.

Ceramic tiles are also produced in the form of individual scales, which can be used to lay out patterns on the roof.

When choosing a natural tile covering, it is important to take into account its high weight. Therefore, not only the rafter system must be powerful, but also the entire supporting structure of the building: the foundation and walls. Another disadvantage is the fragility of the tiles, which complicates their transportation, unloading and installation.

Their different types of roof tiles are beautiful and outwardly neat.

Tiled roofs, when properly laid, are always reliable and beautiful. Despite the high cost of the material, such a roof is an excellent investment for the next 100 years.

According to the classification, ceramic tiles are divided into the following types:

• glazed - shiny and smooth, covered with a special glaze;
• natural - simply burned, is not covered with anything;
• engobered - matte and resistant to fading in the sun, covered with a thin layer of clay suspension.

Membrane

This is one of the varieties of soft roofing used on flat roofs. On such a surface, you can organize a recreation area and even plant lawn grass.

Membrane roofing is quickly covered and easy to attach

Membrane thickness from 0.8 to 2 mm. It is delivered in rolls from 90 to 150 cm wide and up to 60 m long.

The service life of a properly laid membrane roof is 50 years or more. The manufacturer gives a 20-year warranty.

First, the membrane unfolds, and then it is attached to the surface in one of the ways

Advantages of a membrane roof:

• light weight;
• resistance to damage - thanks to the reinforcing mesh;
• high elasticity - practically does not decrease over time;
• resistance to sunlight;
• high fire resistance;
• simplicity and speed of installation - a team of workers can cover 500–600 m 2 per shift.

The main disadvantage of this coating: it is 30-50% more expensive than bituminous materials.

Membrane roofing is commonly used to cover flat roofs

Several materials are used to create the base:

• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• synthetic rubber (EPDM);
• thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

Membrane roof mounting methods:

• ballast - if the roof slope does not exceed 15 o. From above, ballast (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) is poured onto the laid out material or poured cement-sand screed... When using broken stone, mats or non-woven fabric (loose technical fabric) are additionally laid. Additional point fasteners are made along the perimeter and all junction points;

  With the ballast method of mounting a membrane roof, it is difficult to find places of damage if a leak appears under the roof

• mechanical - when the roof structure is not designed for the weight of the ballast. The laid membrane is attached along the perimeter with special rails, and to the surface - with telescopic and disc holders;
• gluing is not a very reliable installation method, therefore it is rarely used. It is enough to glue the membrane around the perimeter, in problem areas and where there is an overlap: for this, double-sided adhesive tape is used;
• hot air welding - air is supplied through special equipment with a temperature of up to 600 ° C.

  Hot air welding of the membrane cover is carried out by an apparatus similar to a hair dryer: it simultaneously heats and dries the edges, therefore it can be used even in the rain

Surfacing roof

For flat roofs and slopes with a slight angle, weldable roll materials are used. And on the most complex roofs of any shape, soft tiles are used. The disadvantages of such a tile are - high price and the need to lay the elements on sheets of waterproof plywood. All weldable materials consist of bitumen, which, when heated with a special burner, adheres perfectly to the surface.

Soft bitumen shingles allow you to cover roofs of all kinds of shapes and configurations due to their small size and ease of installation

The tightness of such a roof and its service life directly depends on the quality of the welded elements and strict adherence to the installation technology. Soft roof can serve for 25 years. High performance characteristics are provided due to its complexity:

1. Bottom layer: protects the roof from mechanical damage, sunlight and temperature changes;
2. The second layer: made of bitumen, serves to protect against moisture;
3. Base: made of fiberglass, ensures dimensional stability, does not allow the material to crack;
4. Another layer of bitumen: for additional waterproofing;
5. Top layer: slate or basalt dressing, protects the surface from damage.

The lower part of the material can be covered with fine-grained stone sand, polymer, slurry or foil. All characteristics of the overlaid roof can be easily recognized from its markings.

Under the influence of the sun, bituminous shingles are additionally heated and glued into one common layer

If the slope of the roof is more than 15 °, then two layers of the deposited sheet are laid, but if it is 5–15 °, then 3 layers are required.

Roll

Roll materials are used on roofs with an inclination angle of 0 to 30 degrees.

More recently, the used roll materials served no more than 10 years, but now new coatings have appeared, the service life of which has increased to 25 years.

Rolls for soft roofing began to be produced different colors, which made it possible to design roofs in unusual combinations

Roll roofing materials can be of two types:

• the main ones are made on a base impregnated with viscous mixtures. They can be tar, bituminous or bitumen-polymer;
• baseless - various fillers are added to the binders and combined by heat treatment into a single canvas.

By their structure, they are coverless and coverless.

Modern roll roofing can last 25-30 years

All roll roofing materials are divided into 4 generations of use:

• roofing felt and glassine - based on roofing cardboard. They are still popular due to their low cost, although their service life is about 5 years;
• rubemast is an improved roofing material: it is created by surfacing, which is convenient for self-assembly. It is laid easier and faster, but its service life is almost the same;
• glass roofing material - based on fiberglass or polyester. The service life reaches 15 years, and when laid in three layers - up to 30;
• membrane coating - service life over 30 years. Installation is carried out in a warm time: just remove the film, roll out the material and press it down.

Roll materials are fixed using roofing nails, bitumen mastic or a gas burner.

A roof made of welded roll material lasts longer if the installation technology is followed

Liquid roof

Pouring a liquid roof can be used both when erecting a new roof, and as a repair of an old coating without dismantling the roofing materials.

Liquid roofing is done by self-leveling, painting and sprayed

The main advantage of this roof is its high reliability and long service life: liquid rubber is not afraid of temperature changes, resistant to mechanical damage and high humidity. You can walk on it without fear of slipping.

Types of liquid roofing:

1. One-component: applied immediately after opening the container.
2. Two-component: consists of different parts:
   • bitumen-polymer emulsion - provides waterproofing characteristics;
   • an aqueous solution of calcium chloride - helps the sprayed solution to quickly solidify.

For the installation of the second coating, special equipment is required, in which two components are mixed at the outlet. It is a small unit, so it is convenient to use it on the roof. The applied composition hardens in a few seconds.

Application of a liquid roof during renovation extends the service life of the previous coating

According to the method of application, a liquid roof can be painted, sprayed or self-leveling. The base for liquid rubber is thoroughly cleaned. The composition is usually applied to a concrete or metal surface pre-coated with polyurethane. But also rubber can be sprayed on a roll roof, improving its performance.

A thin layer of liquid rubber is sprayed over roll roof, giving her additional protection

Inversion

Inversion roofing is resistant to wear and tear and performs not only a protective function, but also has a functional and decorative purpose.

Such a roof is used on flat roofs and can be walked on. Its main feature is that all layers in it are arranged in the reverse order: thermal insulation is on top, and waterproofing is on the bottom.

On the inversion roof, you can arrange recreation areas, playgrounds and even parking lots

Inversion roofing is reliable, durable, does not collapse under the influence of negative external factors.

Easy to install: just remove the previous cover from the flat roof, and put the new one in the required order. Such a roof is usually actively used - cafes, parking lots, playgrounds are located on it.

Inverted roofing in translation means "flip", that is, all the layers of the coating are reversed

An inverted roof can be of three types:

• for minimal loads - used in private houses;
• for medium loads - a more durable insulation is laid, and on top it is covered with paving slabs or other material;
• for increased loads - an intermediate reinforcing layer is added, then reinforced concrete slabs are placed.

If in a private house the installation of an inverted roof is performed on concrete slab, then first it must be primed, then waterproofing, insulation and weldable material should be laid.

Polycarbonate roofs are erected over terraces, verandas, balconies and other non-residential structures. For this are used different types specified material:

• profiled polycarbonate - monolithic corrugated sheets;
• honeycomb (cellular) polycarbonate - honeycomb structure, the length of the sheets is 6 and 12 m, it is produced in color and transparent;
• monolithic (cast) polycarbonate - solid sheets without voids, externally resemble glass. They are multi-layered: the top layer is rough, the second serves to delay ultraviolet radiation, and the third ensures the strength of the material.

If high loads on the roof are expected, then it is better to lay the polycarbonate thicker

Pros of polycarbonate:

• lightweight - does not require massive roof structures, is quickly assembled;
• transmits light well;
• colored copies add brightness to the interior of the building;
• flexible and resilient - large sheet sizes allow covering complex-shaped roofs;
• shockproof - does not break from any mechanical influences (falling branches, blows of stones);
• fireproof - fire does not spread over such a surface, it dies out;
• resistant to strong temperature changes.

Fastening of polycarbonate is carried out on special self-tapping screws with press washers. The thickness of the sheets is made different.

For a greenhouse or a canopy, 4-10 mm will be enough, and for covering large area it is better to take sheets not thinner than 16 mm. If high loads on the roof are expected, then it is necessary to lay sheets with a thickness of 32 mm.

To create good illumination in the room, transparent polycarbonate is used, and when it is necessary to protect some space from overheating, then colored sheets with reflective additives are placed above it.

Colored polycarbonate canopy regulates heat transfer under the roof and serves as a shelter from the sun's rays by reflecting ultraviolet light

To build a roof of a certain shape, you first need to create a frame from metal or aluminum profiles, sometimes it is used wooden beam... But there are also special polycarbonate profiles: split and one-piece. And since they are also transparent, it seems that the structure is floating in the air.

From ondulin

In appearance, ondulin is similar to slate, but is made of elastic material.

Benefits of ondulin:

• practically zero water absorption;
• resistance to temperature extremes;
• protection against damage by fungus, mold and insects;
• resistance to chemically active substances;
• protection against loss of color in the sun;
• light weight;
• easy installation;
• long service life.

Ondulin and slate fit in the same way, but certain features still exist.

Manufacturers recommend laying ondulin at temperatures from 0 to +30 oC. If the roof slope is less than 10 degrees, then for fastening it is necessary to fill solid crate or plywood sheets. It is possible to carry out installation without a vapor and waterproofing film, but it is still better to lay it.

Installation of ondulin is carried out on a rare crate, and if the roof slope is less than 10 degrees, then the wooden base is nailed tightly, without gaps

Laying of ondulin sheets is carried out in a staggered manner, the lateral overlap is done by 1-2 waves, and the longitudinal overlap by 20-30 cm (it all depends on the angle of inclination of the slope). Special nails are used on a wooden frame, and self-tapping screws on a metal frame.

Slate

Slate is considered a budget material. It is durable, easy to fit.

Slate is usually produced in gray, but you can paint it yourself or buy already painted sheets. Colored enamel not only changes appearance slate coating, but additionally protects against moisture.

Painted slate roof immediately updates the look of the whole house

Its popularity is due to the presence of such advantages:

• does not rust, does not conduct electricity, does not burn;
• during repair, it allows you to replace one sheet;
• absorbs noise during rain;
• does not warm up from the sun's heat;
• serves for at least 30-40 years;

Gray slate is a common roofing material for small private houses.

But this material also has a number of disadvantages:

• fragile;
• heavy;
• absorbs water, cracks over time and becomes covered with moss;
• asbestos slate contains carcinogenic substances (it is better to use chrysolite-cement).

Slate sheets come with a different number of waves, but their length is always 175 cm. Installation of slate is performed on nails with wide flat heads.

Thatched roof

It is believed that thatched roof- this is already a relic, but now in many elite houses such a roof is used for covering. Also, not only straw can be used, but also reeds, heather, reeds. Such natural materials are characterized by high flexibility, which gives unlimited scope for design imagination.

Reed and thatch roofs look unusual and are used to decorate private houses

Thatched roof not only looks original and beautiful, it is also characterized by high heat saving.

A 30-35 cm layer of vegetation protects the building from heat and cold no worse than modern ones thermal insulation materials... With a layer thickness of about 30 cm, weight square meter the roof is only 35 kg.

Natural vegetable roof is a modern original solution with high performance

Do not think that a thatched roof ignites from any spark. Before use, the material is treated with a fire retardant, and its dense laying reduces fire safety to the level of other types of roofing.

The service life of a thatched roof is 50 years or more, which is more than that of a profiled sheet or metal tile. Experts recommend laying such a coating on roofs with an angle of at least 35 degrees. A natural roof does not require a ventilation system and perfectly absorbs sounds.

Types of roofs for private houses

A private home may have a flat or pitched roof, but the latter is usually the case. In this case, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• piece - natural, composite, cement-sand or bituminous tiles, slate roofing;
• sheet - metal, profiled sheet, ondulin, slate, folded roof;
• vegetable - from reeds, reeds, straw, heather.

When choosing a roofing material for a private house, one must take into account not only its operational characteristics, but also its appearance in order to make the building beautiful and original.

Video: choosing a roof for a private house

Types of roofs for apartment buildings

If apartment house with a height of 1-4 floors, then a pitched roof is usually made in it, therefore, the same materials are used to cover it as in private housing construction.

V multi-storey buildings the roof is always flat: roll and weld materials are used to cover it or it is laid membrane roof... If the surface of the flat roof is planned to be exploited, then an inverted roof is installed, on which you can walk and ride. Additionally, a liquid roof is used on the roofs of high-rise buildings: it perfectly protects against moisture, is durable.

Video: green roof on the roof of an apartment building

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Modern buildings are distinguished by a wide variety of architectural solutions. If earlier almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of what types of roofs are available is of interest to everyone who decided to build a house. When choosing an option for arranging a roof, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to functionality.

All types of roof structures differ not only in appearance, but also in functional features. There is no ideal option: each type of roof structure has advantages and disadvantages.

Classification by the angle of inclination of the slopes

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roof roofs are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.

A flat roof is the simplest, it rests on walls of the same height and has practically no slope. Such roofs have a slope of 2.5-3%. The main disadvantage of flat roofs is that, due to the small slope, the drainage of melt and rainwater is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.

Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: at the top you can arrange a flower garden and even a pool - the main thing is that the supporting structures withstand this load.

For construction country houses and cottages usually use pitched roofs... The angle of inclination of the slopes of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rain water is easily removed from sloping surfaces; at a large slope, snow does not linger on them.

Classification by design

According to their structural solution, roofs are attic and attic. The first option involves combining with the main room, and the roof supporting structures are the overlap of the last floor. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room, they can be insulated or cold.

By type of ventilation, roofless roofs are divided into:

• unventilated;
• ventilated;
• partially ventilated.

Also, roofs can be exploited or not exploited.

Geometric classification

Types of roof coverings in geometric shape are as follows.

Shed roofs ... Consist of a single plane. Their rafter system rests on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more: ""). This creates a slope. Roofs with one slope are easy to build, do not require large financial costs. But they are mainly used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For pitched roofs, you can use tiles, slate, metal tiles, metal profiles, roofing felt, ondulin and others (more: ""). Rainwater and snow does not linger on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus creating storm sewer relieved. The main disadvantages of pitched roofs are the lack of an attic space and a small selection of design solutions.

Gable roofs ... They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes resting on load-bearing walls of the same height. This type of roof is also called gable. (read also: "") The gap between two slopes (tongs, pediments) is in the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a single-slope version, but easier than other types of roofs of cottages.

Gable roof reliable, good drainage and melt water, snow, can withstand strong wind loads. In addition, it looks much more interesting. shed roof... For gable structures, you can use different roofing.

Roof roofs - This is a kind of gable. But for the roof slopes themselves, broken lines are characteristic. Another variant of the name of such roofs is "broken", since the slopes can be refracted at different angles. The presence of a break increases the area and volume of the attic room, which is later used as housing and is called the attic.

Therefore, this version of the roof device is called "attic". Its pediments are pentagon-shaped. The structure of such a roof is characterized by certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can think of quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs of one-story houses.

Thermal insulation is also important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of the thermal insulation. If it is done according to all the rules, then in the attic you can even live in winter period... Otherwise, the indoor space can only be used in summer.

As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.

For these roofs, a double-tightened rafter system with joists is used. Their shape facilitates fast and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. Tilt angles hip roofs are 45 degrees. They also withstand strong winds. Due to the large angle of inclination hipped roof need to be equipped with gutters. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex rafter system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.

Roof types for this type of roof can be different. Both light and heavy roofing materials can be used. It should be borne in mind that the second materials for the roof last longer, plus they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.

Half hip roof ... These are ordinary hip roofs with triangular truncated slopes. The house is based on a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes look like a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A pyramid-shaped roof can decorate any building. Mounting of this type roofing is as difficult as installing hip roofs. It is also better to entrust their construction to specialists. Read also: "

Also, such roofs are used to create overlapping part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are created from bent frame elements. Such types of roofing materials are used for the roof as soft (roofing material, glass-insulated tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).

Currently, you can see on private houses and cottages the most different options cover. The types of roofing for the roof are very diverse. Everyone can choose for their home suitable option roofs and type of roofing material. Any method of creating a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, one must take into account not only the external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".

Roofing materials are used in the construction of any building. To cover the roof today, a variety of their types are used. Some of them are suitable for country houses and summer cottages, others for outbuildings, and others for city houses. To choose the right roofing materials, you need to have a clear understanding of the properties of each of them. In this article, we will look at the main criteria for choosing a material, as well as popular types of coatings.

What to consider when choosing the right materials

• General roof loads... It must withstand the effects of the wind, as well as the mass of precipitation. In this case, the weight of the coating is selected in such a way that there is no excessive load on the rafter system.
• Material characteristics... These include resistance to corrosion, fire safety, mechanical strength, durability, etc.
• Roof configuration... For roofs with complex geometric shapes, you need to choose the appropriate material.
• Purpose of the building... The material is selected depending on the type of building (residential building, outbuilding, etc.).
• The price. It is also one of the decisive factors and affects the final cost of the coating and its installation.

Sheet roof

Metal tile

Externally, this roof covering looks very beautiful. It can be easily confused with expensive ceramic tiles. The roofing material is made of cold-rolled steel sheet (- mm thick) with a zinc coating and a protective varnish. The finished sheet has a weight of 3-5 kg ​​per 1 m 2. it is used as a roofing for roofs of industrial buildings, private houses, as well as for kiosks, garages, etc. Often flat roof they are framed with metal tiles (they are laid at a slope), as a result of which a false roof is obtained. The main advantages of the material include the speed and ease of fastening, relatively low weight, convenient transportation and affordable cost.

Corrugated board

It is made of cold rolled hot dipped galvanized steel. Sheets can be corrugated and rectangular. The material is coated on all sides with a zinc or aluzinc layer. There is an additional polymer protection... Decking is in the form of a wave, a trapezoid, and also a rectangle. Roofing is a profiled sheet of the following brands: H57, H60, C8, HC35, C21, C44. Such roofing materials can be used in the construction of outbuildings (sheds, garages, etc.). Often they cover the roofs of shops, industrial enterprises, car washes. The advantages of the roofing material are easy installation, high strength, long service life and low price.

Ondulin

This coating is also called aqualin and euro slate. Ondulin consists of fine cellulose fibers, which are impregnated with bitumen and various polymer additives. The coating is painted with heat-resistant polymer paint (in 1 or 2 layers) and looks quite attractive. The sheets have a weight of approximately 6.5 kg. They are usually made in the form of waves. Ondulin can be used to cover sheds, garages and baths. The material is easy to bend, so it is perfect for organizing complex roofing. Advantages of the roofing material: high ability to withstand heavy loads, water resistance, environmental friendliness, hygiene, noiselessness (the knock of drops is practically inaudible even in heavy rain), low weight, easy transportation and installation.

Slate

It is one of the most affordable roofing materials. The coating consists of Portland cement and asbestos. A standard sheet has a weight of 10-15 kg. The slate can have 6, 7 and 8 waves. They usually cover street toilets, sheds, as well as other household buildings. The main advantages of the material include low cost, incombustibility, ease of processing and strength when bending.

Seam roof

It is made of flat steel sheets (galvanized or not, with or without a polymer protective layer), which do not allow moisture to linger on the roof. The roof got its name because of the special connection of the sheets - the seam. It can be upright and recumbent, single and double. In width, the sheets are fastened together with folds of the lying type, along the length - standing. Such a roof is one of the safest ways to equip a roof. With it, you can achieve a tight connection of metal sheets. The roofing material is also attractive in appearance and durability. It does not burn, has a low weight, withstands low temperatures and is characterized by high flexibility. Thanks to the latest quality, they can be used to cover even complex geometric roofs. Seam roofing can be used to organize the roofs of cathedrals and manor houses. It can also be used to cover industrial buildings.

Soft roof

Flexible shingles

For its manufacture, fiberglass is taken and impregnated with bitumen with a modifier. After that, slate or basalt chips are applied to the roofing materials. The latter protects against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation, gives color and volumetric pattern. From the inside out, a self-adhesive layer of bitumen with polymer is applied to the shingles. it is usually used for roofs of complex geometric shapes, as well as for attic decoration. Advantages of shingles: attractive appearance, flexibility, resistance to corrosion and condensation, noiselessness.

Roll welded roofing

It is also called glass insol or hydro insol. Such roofing materials are made on the basis of fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester. The base is filled with oxidized bitumen, for durability and elasticity, a modifier is added to it: APP (atactic polypropylene) or SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene). After that, a layer of polymer is applied and a sprinkling of fine slate, sand or mica is made. The coating is used on flat roofs of high-rise buildings (industrial and residential). In a private house, it is used for the construction of waterproofing. Advantages: moisture and fire resistance, environmental friendliness, low price and low weight.

Flat membrane roof

It has a thickness of 0.8-2 mm and can be of 3 types: TPO (thermoplastic olefins or polyolefins), EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The latter is not environmentally friendly, but it can reliably protect against ultraviolet radiation and is not subject to combustion. EPDM membranes are durable and environmentally friendly. TPO membranes are also safe for human health, as they consist of thermoplastic olefins with mesh reinforcement. Such roofing materials are used on flat roofs of public and residential buildings. The main advantages: high moisture resistance and chip resistance, quick installation, large width, which allows you to cover roofs of different types.

Piece roofing materials

Ceramic roof tiles

Roof tiles are made from clay by high-temperature firing. After that, it becomes very strong and firm and acquires a beautiful Brown color with a reddish tint. Some types of shingles are glazed before firing. This is necessary to improve its water-repellent properties. Ready-made roofing materials (tiles) have a mass of 2 kg, length and width about 30 cm. There are many types: flat and grooved tape, one- and two-wave, stamped groove, ceramic ordinary, grooved. Such roofing materials are used to cover roofs in brick, stone and wooden houses... Among the advantages: incombustibility, optimal sound insulation, resistance to temperature extremes, corrosion formation, aesthetics, economical operation (cleaning of gutters and prevention is carried out once a year).

Sand-cement roof tiles

This coating is made from a mixture of sand and cement, which is compressed under pressure. Iron oxides act as a dye. They make the tiles look like ceramic tiles. Glaze is applied on top of the product (sometimes there is no coating). The surface of the tile is smooth or has a convex profile pattern. The tile has a mass of about 35-40 kg (per 1 m 2). The roof is suitable for houses made of stone, brick or wood. Advantages: resistance to ultraviolet light, chemicals, as well as low temperatures.

Slate roof

The cover is made from natural material- slate. The tile has a thickness of 4 mm and a weight of up to 25 kg (per 1 m 2). The roof is made by hand. The width of one tile is 15-30 cm, the length is 20-60 cm. Such a roof is suitable for the roofs of any houses. Advantages: very long service life, beautiful appearance, moisture and fire resistance, frost resistance.

Self-leveling roof

This covering is also called mastic roofing. She represents special kind membranes. It is a viscous liquid based on oligomers. The mastic roof hardens in the air. It turns into an elastic film and has excellent adhesion to metal, concrete and bitumen. It is on these surfaces that it should be applied. It is best used in regions with severe winters or very hot summers. Self-leveling roof can be unreinforced, reinforced or combined. Advantages: quick installation, environmental friendliness, no seams, frost and fire resistance, high degree moisture protection.

Roof installation. Metal tiles. Installation instructions for standing seam roofing.