What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

An attic is that room in your home that can carry a wide variety of functional loads: from a workshop and an office, to a bedroom and a living room. Arrangement of an attic will cost you much less than a full second floor. And the technology of its construction is more accessible to execution.
In this article, we will consider the types of attics, as well as the stages of building an attic with our own hands.

The attic is a room bounded from below interfloor overlap, and on top and on the sides of the roof slopes. Depending on the shape of the slopes, the attic can be:

• single-level symmetric with gable roof(a, b);
• single-level symmetrical with a broken roof (c);
• single-level asymmetric (d);
• two-level asymmetric (d).

Roof truss structures

If it is not there, or the distance of the wall from the edge of the attic is more than 7 m, hanging rafters are mounted. They are composed of the upper part of the roof slope, and at the bottom they are limited ceiling beams attic.
Installation of the rafter system is the first stage in the construction of the attic. Therefore, before starting its installation, you should calculate and take into account all the subtleties of this construction. For example, the possibility of arranging attic floor instead of the existing attic space, it will depend on the quality of the underlying surface, on the type of foundation and its bearing capacity, as well as on the condition of the entire building as a whole.

However, first you need to familiarize yourself with the terminology presented in the construction drawings.

Stages of construction of a rafter frame

First, the upper bar is laid, which can be a section of 0.1x0.1 m, or better 0.15x0.15 m. It is attached to the racks with special nails, iron brackets or self-tapping screws. This block is a rafter frame.

1. We install the Mauerlat. It is this element that is the "foundation" of the entire roof. It prevents the roof from overturning in a strong gusty wind, and also transfers the load from the attic to the load-bearing walls of the house. For the installation of the Mauerlat, they use: boards (at least 5 cm thick) and beams (with a minimum section of 10x15 cm). The beams are laid out around the perimeter of the entire roof and attached to the wall long screws or metal brackets (or better, both at the same time). Another method of attaching the Mauerlat to the wall will not be superfluous - with the help of thick wire, which is mounted in advance in the upper row of the brickwork of the wall. Remember that the tighter you tie the Mauerlat and the wall, the stronger the entire attic structure will be. And one more thing: under the bars of the Mauerlat it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing, and the boards or bars themselves must be treated with an antiseptic and waterproofing impregnation.
2. , which are most often purchased ready-made (although they can be made by hand if desired). Before mounting these structural elements, it is necessary to apply marks on the Mauerlat that will indicate the place of attachment of the leg (the accepted distance between the legs is 15 cm). Labeling will simplify and speed up this step.
3. We lay the edge rafters to the pediment. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the edge of the front and the top of the rafter must form one line. In addition, pay attention to the quality of the board used for the rafters: it should be without any special defects (normally no more than 3 flaws per 1 m), the thickness is about 4 cm, the width is about 15 cm. After the edge rafters are installed, they are connected with a level rope, along which all the others are mounted rafter legs.
4. It's time to combine all the sling legs together. This is done at the top of all rafters using a girder. Then the ridge beam is installed, which, in principle, is not an obligatory element of the frame (it is erected when the roof is longer than 7 m).
5. Do not forget that at the stage of erecting the truss structure, you need to lay the window frames under the dormer windows.
6. If the roof is below 7 m, then in the upper part of the rafters, stretch marks are mounted, which perform a double function: they serve as ceiling beams of the future attic, strengthen the frame of the attic roof.

The rafter system is ready. It remains only to make the crate, fix the hydro-barrier material, lay a layer of insulation material, as well as roofing. The mansard roof is ready. Let's get down to the inner work, which we'll talk about below.

The importance of mansard roof insulation is undeniable, because the walls of the attic space form a unity with the attic roof, or are as close to it as possible. Because of this, in winter, the attic room freezes faster, and in summer it heats up significantly.

Mineral wool is laid in the inter-rafter space. In this regard, the base sheets of insulation are cut to fit the size of the gaps between the rafters. Sheets of mineral wool are laid on the pre-laid layer of the vapor barrier, and a layer of the vapor barrier is attached on top of the sheets. In this multilayer structure, air gaps are formed, located between the layers of a vapor barrier-mineral wool and a mineral wool - a water vapor barrier. These air channels will subsequently contribute to the ventilation of the entire structure, and therefore they must be brought out open in the ridge area. This will improve the quality of insulation.

When insulating the attic, remember that the microclimate of the attic and the comfort of your stay will depend on the quality of insulation and the availability of ventilation.

The mansard roof makes it possible to significantly increase the total living area, while the investment of funds will be minimal. The most common option is a gable broken structure, which is easy to build on your own.

How to make a mansard roof yourself

Living rooms can be arranged under the attic roof. The shape of the building can be different, but in most cases the attic is set up under a roof with two slopes. The optimal solution, which allows you to obtain a significant area of ​​living space, is a broken structure.

A sloping roof is the best option for arranging an attic

Attic roof drawings and calculations

The first step is to decide on the frame scheme. Rafters can be of a layered or hanging type. Slabs rest on the walls of the building. They are mounted in structures where the distance between the walls is less than 6.5 m. Hanging rafters are placed on filly and Mauerlat. If the width of the spans is large, then the rafter system will need to be reinforced with auxiliary bundles.

The main condition for the comfortable construction of the attic is the level of the ceilings - it must be higher than 2.5 m.To ensure a similar height, the break line should be located at a height of more than 2.8 m, taking into account the thickness of the layer of material for insulation and sheathing of the structure. It is also important to consider the thickness of the floor.

An example of a drawing can be seen in the image:

The minimum height of the mansard roof ceilings is 2.5 m

To calculate the expected snow loads, you will need to apply this formula: S = Sg x µ, where S is the snow load, Sg is the weight of the snow cover per 1 m2 of area, µ is a value that depends on the slope of the roof (1.0 - for flat design with an inclination of 25 °, 0.7 - for a design with an inclination of 25-60 °).

Parameters Sg and Wo can be found in the corresponding SNiP, in the section "Rafter systems". If the roof has a steep slope, the snow load can be ignored.

Roof device

The frame structure includes the following details:

• Mauerlat - a support bar that transfers the load from the rafters to the walls of the building;
• racks - supporting parts that support the rafter system in an upright position;
• floor beams - planks that form half of the attic and the ceiling of the lower floor;
• rafters - slats that form the main contour of the roof;
• girders - horizontal support parts for rafters;
• lathing - slats or plywood sheets, which are intended for laying roofing material;
• filly - strips that are attached along the axis at the bottom of the rafter legs.

The frame consists of a Mauerlat, posts, purlins, floor beams and other elements

The sloping roof differs from the usual construction with two slopes. The difference is that the slopes that are placed opposite each other have a special shape: they do not form a straight line, but consist of several slopes that are fastened to one another at an obtuse angle. The design is also symmetrical.

The edge of the rafters is generally set at an angle of about 60 °. The uprights, which support the rafters, form the frame structure of the inner walls. The upper part of the rafters is mounted at a small angle, it can be from 15 to 45 °. This makes it possible to reduce the consumption of materials, while maintaining the functional properties of the roof and resistance to snow loads.

Vertical uprights, which abut against the floor slats, purlins and crossbars holding them together, form a parallelepiped. The design limits the dimensions of the attic from the inside. To give the product additional rigidity, you should install struts between the floor slats and the lower rafter legs.

If the span of the roof is more than 8 m, then you will need to install struts

After the installation of the upper elements to fix the truss and eliminate the sagging of the crossbars, you should install the suspended support elements - the headstock. For the auxiliary fixation of the lower rafter legs, they must be pulled together with the racks using tacks. The parts are fastened with nails and bolts.

Stages of independent construction of the attic

If a decision is made to make such a structure yourself, it is important to provide for the use of such materials in the project:

• roofing material;
• vapor barrier;
• waterproofing;
• insulation material.

The choice of insulation affects such a parameter as the step of the rafters. To reduce the amount of heat insulator, it is best to place the rafters so that the slab or mat fits snugly between them. The type of lathing and its step will depend on the choice of material for roofing. You need to pay attention not only to the choice of high-quality material for insulation, but also to create an effective ventilation system.

Ventilation is equipped by preparing technological gaps

The construction of the rafter system must be carried out using fireproof materials. All parts should be treated with fire protection agents. You will need to prepare the following elements:

• wooden bars with a cross section of 100x50 mm;
• slats 50x150 mm;
• unedged boards;
• building level;
• self-tapping screws;
• nails;
• steel wire with a diameter of 4–5 mm;
• plumb line;
• roulette;
• hacksaw;
• axe;
• hammer;
• sharp knife.

Drafting a project

One of the most important parts of the job is drawing up a project. It is very important to analyze the features of the layout of a private house. The dimensions and shape of the structure to be erected should be determined, as well as the placement of windows and a balcony should be provided.

All structural elements should be indicated on the project.

In the process of drawing up a project, the following requirements must be taken into account:

1. It is important to determine in advance what height the attic should be. It should be remembered that the distance from the floor base to the highest point of the structure must be at least 0.5 m.
2. It is recommended to take into account the heating area and the main elements of the interior.
3. The attic layout must be expanded. If you plan to install windows, then they must be indicated on the drawing.

Drawing up a drawing must begin with the choice of the shape, determining the section of the rafter legs and the step of their placement. To determine the dimensions of the rafters, the following parameters must be taken into account:

• bias;
• roofing material;
• features of the climate in the region of construction.

It is also important to provide for the required number of rafters in the project. They can be of a layered or hanging type.

Rafters can be hanging or layered

At the end, you should determine the number of parts to fix. In the figure below, you can see some of the data required for the calculation, but drawing up a project is a complex process. It is recommended to entrust this work to qualified specialists.

Installing Mauerlat

The device of the attic roof rafter system should be selected based on the type of roof, as well as on the prepared attic project. Simple option is a design with two slopes.

The main parts of the double slope roof rafter system are:

• linear elements (column, bar system, beam);
• plane details (slab, flooring, panel);
• spatial elements (vault, shell, volumetric detail).

Before performing work, you will need to thoroughly dry the wood. The first step is to mark and install the Mauerlat. It is fixed to the walls of the building. The part can be made from a bar or a powerful lath. If you plan to build a roof with two slopes, then the Mauerlat fits on the long walls of the building. The element is necessary not only for reliable fixation of the lower part of the rafters, but also for the correct division of the load on the walls and the main part of the structure.

To fix the Mauerlat, you should use metal studs, which are attached to a beam made of in-situ concrete.

To fix the Mauerlat, you need to install metal studs

The beam should be in the upper part of the wall. It is also possible to use steel wire embedded in brickwork.

To fix the Mauerlat to the upper crown of the wooden wall, you need to use wooden pins. Auerlat requires high-quality waterproofing of wooden beams. Therefore, it is necessary to use roofing material or other material with a water-repellent property.

Before installing the Mauerlat, the base must be covered with roofing material

The installation of a Mauerlat is required if it is planned to erect a roof frame, the rafters of which rest against the upper part of the wall with beveled ends or prepared cutouts.

If you plan to make an attic, the width of which corresponds to the width of the building, the rafter legs should rest with the lower ends against the taken out supporting parts. As supports, it is possible to use powerful beams laid across long walls. The number of supporting elements corresponds to the number of rafters. The beams must be fixed to the walls in the same way as the Mauerlat.

Sequencing:

Frame construction

The mansard roof frame consists of floor beams, rafters, purlins and uprights

As a material, coniferous bars 200x100 mm are often used. The slats are placed on top of the Mauerlat with a 30-50 cm indent behind the wall surface or in the prepared grooves in the masonry. In the first case, the parts are fixed with corners and self-tapping screws.

Fixing the timber to the Mauerlat can be done using steel corners

To make an even overlap, the planks should be installed in this sequence:

1. The first step is to fit the extreme details in terms of level.
2. Next, you should pull the cord and install intermediate elements along it.
3. The spacing of the beams should be from 60 to 100 cm. A distance of 60 cm makes it possible to mount insulation boards without notching.
4. To level the beams in height, you can hang them. Another option is to use plank liners.
5. If the beams are inserted into prepared pockets, their extreme parts must be treated with liquid waterproofing and wrapped with roofing felt.

The racks must be set on the extreme strips:

After the installation of racks, crossbars and girders, you can get reliable design which will limit interior rooms attic. To increase its strength, in the future it should be secured with struts and tacks.

Installation of rafters

At this stage, the installation of the lower rafters is carried out:

After that, the upper elements are installed:

1. The first step is to mark the central part of the roof. This can be done using a post that was previously attached to the Mauerlat and tightening from the end of the roof. The edge of the board should be in the center of the roof. On this board, you need to align the rafter legs.
2. Next, you need to prepare a template from a 150x25 mm rail. It should be applied to the extreme part of the mounted rail at the required level and to the girder on which the lower rafter legs will rest.
3. Mark the top and bottom cuts and cut out the template. The fixture is applied in turn to both sides of the roof. This will make it possible to check the accuracy of the marking of the central part. If the rows of racks are placed in parallel, then there will be no difficulties in securing the upper elements - they will have identical dimensions.
4. According to the workpiece, you need to prepare the required number of rafters. The parts are placed on the girders and tied in the upper parts using iron overlays or trim strips. In the latter case, self-tapping screws are used as fasteners. In the girder, the rafter strips rest on the cuts and are grabbed by the iron corners. In order for the parts to stand straight, they are fastened using struts mounted with the lower part for tightening. This method is used to install all the rafters.
5. Fixation of hanging racks is carried out - pieces of slats 150x25 mm. The upper part of the rail is fastened in the place of fixing the rafters, the lower one - to the tightening.

Video: mansard roof rafter system

Installation of struts and gables

Sequencing:

Construction lathing

Sheathing is needed for:

• distribution and transfer of the weight of the roofing material to the rafters;
• performing additional fastening of the rafter system;
• bases for fixing the roofing material.

The lathing can be made in one or two layers, solid or thinned.

The lathing can be solid or with a discharge

The installation method depends on what material is planned to be used to cover the structure. If a roof is to be erected from slate or metal, the lathing should be made of slats, which are attached to the rafter legs with nails. In this case, the step of installing adjacent strips can be 27-30 cm.

Solid lathing is used in the case of fastening soft material in rolls.

Solid sheathing is required for soft roofing

In this case, moisture resistant plywood sheets or particle boards can be used. It is allowed to use pine wood material - edged planks.

It is important to take into account the fact that when installing such a crate, the material that will be laid must repeat the contours of the outer base. Therefore, the frame structure must be strong and leveled.

In the process of laying out the material, a cord should be used with which the slats or plates will lie flat. Parts should be placed parallel to each other. Before fixing, the material must be treated with an antiseptic composition in order to protect it from rotting, the appearance of fungus and dampness. The workpieces must be even and of high quality. It is recommended to give preference to wood of the 1st and 2nd grade. There should be no knots on it. To prevent the boards from warping, they must first be dried.

The sequence of steps for installing the crate:

Mansard roof waterproofing

The material for the roof does not have thermal insulation properties, so you will need to prepare a high-quality material that will be environmentally friendly for human health. Mineral wool or glass wool is often used. Both materials have excellent sound and heat insulation parameters. It is also important to take into account that if the roof is made of metal, when the insulation gets wet, all its qualities can be reduced to zero. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the design device.

It will not work to insulate the attic without laying a waterproofing material, so the process should be considered together. A step-by-step guide to waterproofing a structure:

Practice has shown that it is better to protect the insulation with the help of modern materials, for example, Tyvek or Izospan. The use of ordinary polyethylene film gives bad result as condensation may occur. Experienced craftsmen believe that the structure should not be waterproofed with roofing material.

Before proceeding with the work, you need to decide on the thermal insulation material.

Mineral wool is a fairly popular material used for roof insulation.

The following heat insulators are most commonly used:

• glass wool;
• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• foamed glass;
• wood shavings;
• straw.

The choice of material must be based on four parameters.

1. Thermal conductivity index. For roof insulation, 0.05 W / m * K or lower is optimal.
2. Water resistance. The higher the score, the better.
3. Resistant to fire.
4. Environmental Safety.

The insulating qualities of mineral wool deteriorate significantly after some time. Also, the material can be damaged under the influence of mechanical stress. However, mineral wool has a low cost, so the material is used quite often. Polyfoam is not afraid of water and has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. If you plan to build a house only from environmentally friendly materials, then you can use foam glass or straw.

Roof Insulation Step-by-Step Guide:

Laying of roofing material and installation of window openings

As an example, the installation of metal tiles will be considered, since this material is used quite often:

The number of windows is determined by the ratio of the usable glazing area to the base of the floor 1:10. For example, if the area of ​​the attic is 100 m 2, then the glazing should be about 10 m 2. When installing windows, you must take into account the following nuances:

Attic finishing

The interior decoration of the attic can be done with wood or drywall sheets... If the latter option is used, then after installation, the sheets must be pasted over with wallpaper or painted water-based paint... In some cases, the attic is divided into several rooms. This can be done using drywall partitions.

If you plan to use the attic often, then the floor and walls can be additionally insulated. This can be done using, for example, mineral wool.

Interesting design options for the attic room

The attic can be made cozy by symmetrically arranging the sofas on both sides In the attic you can arrange a long sofa In the attic you can equip a place to relax by hanging a hammock In the attic you can make not only a living space, but also a bathroom On the attic floor you can even make a kitchen If on the territory there is no way to arrange a hammock, then this can be done on the attic floor One of the parts of the attic can be completely glazed The attic can be an excellent place to create a home library Attic walls can be faced with bricks In the attic you can equip a full-fledged living room On the attic floor you can equip a rest room If the house is located in a beautiful area, the roof can be made panoramic. The bed can be placed facing the window. In the attic, you can make a bedroom with high ceilings. In the attic, you can place a hanging chair. This will make the roof more comfortable.

Video: making a mansard roof

Recently, the mansard-type roof is quite popular among the owners of private houses. To experience all the positive aspects of living in a building of this type, you need to pay due attention to the insulation of the building.

It is difficult these days to imagine the layout of a house without the presence of an attic in it. It is also being built in old buildings, thus adding living space instead of an outdated attic.

When creating a new building, the issue with the construction of the attic is decided in advance in the project. If the attic is being built independently in an old house, then it is necessary to carefully study all the requirements for reconstruction or for an extension in an already finished building.

What is an attic

An attic is an attic-like living space that is formed on the upper floors of houses with a mansard roof. Any person with special skills in the construction process can build an attic on their own.

An attic floor is understood as a floor in an attic, the façade of which, in whole or in part, is formed by the surfaces of an inclined or sloping roof. In fact, it is a full-fledged living space inside the building.

To reduce the load on an already erected structure, during the construction work of the attic floor, light materials and structures are used with their own hands. A tree is indispensable in these matters. The attic is often independently built from wood; for this purpose, beams, logs or frame-panel technology are used.

Attic types

Views gable roofs: options for the purpose of the structure

The shape of the attic room depends on. The attic can cover the entire building or only a part of it. Rooms with it are symmetrical or asymmetrical. They are often triangular or broken in shape. True, not every roof is designed for the construction of an attic.

The attic roof is of the following types:

• 1-pitched;
• 2-pitched;
• broken line;
• hip;
• tent (pyramidal, round, conical).

Let's consider in detail:

• A pitched roof is erected quite infrequently. Due to the high difference between the height of the walls, such an attic will become asymmetrical and it will be difficult to install windows.
• A gable roof often implies a symmetrical arrangement of the attic. It will have sloping interior walls. When building this roof, elongated boards are used, which will not come cheap. True, the operating indicators of this roof are quite high. A serious advantage is that with such a roof, it is possible to install full-fledged windows and doors, along which the exit to the balcony is located.
• Broken roof. The attic will have vertical walls... The structure itself reaches more than 5 m in width. The material consumed for this type of roof is much less than for a gable.
• Hip roof makes it possible to create a comfortable and small attic. It includes 2 slopes in the shape of a trapezoid and a triangle. The windows are located on the ceiling slopes.
• The hipped roof is also used for the construction of the attic. Windows must have a special shape and are made according to individual projects.

All of these types of structures have their own advantages and disadvantages. Symmetrical structures have a more straightforward scheme, there are no complex calculations in the project, in comparison with the installation of asymmetric coatings.

What is needed for construction

It should be understood that the construction of an attic is a rather complicated process. Here you need to have the proper experience and skills in the field of construction. Before construction work, you should carefully study all the design features of the attic floor, installation methods, as well as situations when it is not possible to complete it.

Materials, tools and project

To build an attic you will need the following materials:

• wooden beams (section sizes vary depending on the dimensions of the structure and the angle of inclination of the slope);
• wood boards for lathing;
• material to sheathe end walls;
• fasteners for roof mounting;
• thermal insulation;
• waterproofing;
• material for interior decoration of the attic.

To build an attic yourself, you will need the following tool:

• screwdriver;
• hammer;
• level;
• roulette;
• lace;
• saw for woodworking.

Design is considered one of the most important elements of the work, since without its presence it is not advised to start the construction process itself.

If you treat this stage in bad faith, then you can easily overlook any detail that then requires large financial resources to eliminate the error. Prior to the construction of the attic, it will be necessary to make a thorough analysis of the features of the layout of the room, which is subject to re-equipment.

Well-known requirements that serve as a template for construction are in SNiP. In addition, you need to consider the following details:

• Geometric features of the roof.
• Creation of conditions for joint functioning engineering systems roofs and other parts of the house.
• Choosing the right material for construction work.
• The roof of the attic floor. Mansards with round-sloped roofs require special waterproofing and special insulation.

Attic construction

The planning of the attic can be carried out both during construction work and during the construction of the attic already on a pre-finished building. Beforehand, you should carefully check the base of the building.

It is extremely important to correctly calculate the load of the attic on the building, since the quality of the attic and the general condition of the entire dwelling will depend on this factor.

Detailed step by step instructions

Mansard roof rafter system

1. First, you need to have wood beams. They should be applied on top of the waterproofing material. The optimal ones are roofing material or roofing felt sold in rolls. When working with them, you do not need any specialized skills. In the case of creating a wooden floor, there is no need to install an auxiliary beam.
2. Next, the racks are mounted on the beams. They represent a specific skeleton of the walls of the attic being erected. For best performance, they should be placed no further than 2 m between them. Each post must be level. After installation, it is recommended to sheathe them on both sides. We must not forget to lay the insulation in the middle of the racks. Each post must be individually secured with spikes and brackets.
3. Then the top beam is laid. It is fixed in any convenient way. It is important that the beams must be strong and durable.
4. Next is set. Thanks to him, high level the strength of the fastening of the roof rafters to the wall. It will make it possible to direct the weight of the roof onto the walls. Since the Mauerlat is located on the wall, the load on it is small. The main thing is not to forget to lay a layer of waterproofing under it, in order to avoid further decay.
5. If the Mauerlat is properly fixed, then it will protect the roof from the influence of wind, snow in the winter. To fix it, use an annealed wire with a diameter of up to 0.5 cm.
6. Next, the rafters are installed. The markings are preliminarily applied on the rafter frame and the Mauerlat in the place where the rafter legs will be installed. Only boards with a perfectly flat surface are suitable for rafters.
7. The rafters are supported by a ridge beam. If the attic is large enough in area, then, of course, the weight of the entire roof will become large. Thanks to this, the beam is considered an indispensable part of the structure. If the rafter legs are less than 8 m in length, then ordinary stretch marks are quite useful.
8. Installation of filly. It is carried out in the same way as the rafter legs.
9. Then a hem board should be nailed to the filly. It will prevent the influence of wind and virtually any natural precipitation.
10. Before installing the roof, you need to decide where the windows will be installed. Their total area is at least 13-14% of the area of ​​the side walls. At the place of installation of windows, the rafter legs should be strengthened. For this purpose, transverse beams are installed.

Additional work

In order for the attic to have a long service life, it is necessary to carry out a number of additional work associated with an increase in its obstruction to the effects of mechanical and natural natural factors.

Warming and waterproofing

• When creating an attic roof on your own, its insulation plays an important role. The implementation of these works begins after the installation of the rafters. The area of ​​connection with the environment is quite large, therefore, a high-quality insulation is needed (for example, mineral wool). The insulation itself is protected on both sides. Steam can penetrate inside and water can penetrate outside. The most popular material is membrane film.
• Outside, where there is a ventilated air gap, the insulation is protected by waterproofing, a windproof vapor-permeable membrane. It is impossible to use for installation in the roof or attic, as waterproofing and windproof membrane, materials that are at the same time vapor barrier. Installation of waterproofing and wind protection is done on top of the roof rafters. Waterproofing is attached to them using wooden beams or a stapler. After installation, waterproofing joints are carefully glued with tape. Waterproofing is installed in order to protect the insulation from high humidity from atmospheric precipitation that fall into the gaps with gusts of wind, as well as from condensation on the other side of the roof.
• Ventilation of the attic floor should be carefully arranged. Since now this is a living space, it is necessary to create the proper conditions for housing. The main problem with its microclimate is the heat coming from the lower floors, which is the reason that condensation accumulates on the insulation. Condensation has a detrimental effect on it and this can lead to rotting and destruction. To protect it they add vapor barrier... If condensation still accumulates on the thermal insulation layer, you should consider a forced ventilation system.

Insulation of the attic with foam

Attic finishing

Attic finishing work with plasterboard

To begin with, roof slopes and gables are sheathed, then the ceiling is trimmed. To sheathe the roof slopes on the rafter legs horizontally, beams are mounted with a step of 1 m, then horizontal beams are mounted in the intervals.

The next step is to measure drywall according to the specified dimensions and then mount it on the base. quite simple, but at the same time quite laborious process. When everything is completed, all gaps and crevices should be repaired.

Attic finishing work with clapboard

Finishing work under a tree are quite in demand for attics, and the installation of the lining itself is simple. It is cut to the required height and nailed to a wooden base using nails at the joints, so the cap will not be visible.

After each sheet of lining, it is necessary to inspect its position using a level, otherwise there will be a risk of a large skew at the end of the wall. When the installation of the lining is finished, it should be covered with several layers of varnish.

• Choice the best option an attic roof increases the living space in the building. Various types of roof structures can be installed not only during the construction of the building, but also during the reconstruction of the structure. With the latter option, it is necessary to calculate in advance the ability of the base and walls to withstand additional loads.
• The construction of the attic roof provides for the installation of a rafter system made of carefully dried wooden beams. To perform the structural elements, beams of various sections are used. Installation of the attic is done using lightweight and safe material.
• Insulation of the attic inside the room, which is located under the roof, loses heat rather than the lower floors. Because of this, the roof must include a reliable insulation. It is installed in the middle of the outer waterproofing layer and vapor barrier from the side of the room. A well-made cake ensures a long service life for the entire roofing system. For the interior decoration of the attic room, natural wood is most often used. But wall and ceiling cladding can be done with other sheet materials, including drywall.

The attic floor today is an indispensable element of modern private buildings. Between the roof and the top floor of the house, you can arrange a bathroom, a bedroom, and an office. The area and configuration of such rooms will primarily depend on the type of roof.

Making an attic with your own hands is a completely simple process if you carefully study all the nuances of the construction process, as well as comply with all the requirements and advice of specialists described above.

In this case, all the adverse consequences during the construction of the attic and other troubles will bypass you. You should not rush, do everything in turn and the result will meet all expectations.

A modern mansard roof is a great opportunity to significantly expand the living space of your home without unnecessary hassle. But, if you involve builders in the work, then it can cost a pretty penny. It is quite understandable that each of us thought about the question of whether it is possible to do everything on our own without experience. We assure you that a mansard roof with your own hands is more than real. We offer you a comprehensive instruction.

Currently the best way- broken attic. It is quite spacious and can really become a full-fledged living space with a large area. Naturally, this requires accurate calculations.

Building a mansard roof will require you to consider many factors before. Let's list the main ones.

Video about the attic roof of the house with your own hands

It is quite clear that the smaller the angle of inclination, the more useful space will be in your attic. But it is not always necessary to strive for the most shallow placement. Let's list some features of the choice:

• If your house is located in an area with a temperate climate, where the weather is often windy, and snow is rare, then you can safely make a roof with a small slope;
• If snowfalls and showers are frequent in your area, you should refuse a flat roof;
• Do not forget that you need to take care of high-quality heat, sound and waterproofing. The attic is a living space like the rest of the rooms in your house;
• The best roofing materials are shingles or slate. Many people mistakenly put a metal covering, but with the arrival of cold weather they face problems of heat conservation in the attic. Please note that the materials must be fire and moisture resistant. The roof is always made of timber. For the best preservation, it is recommended to treat all such surfaces with an antifungal solution;
• An outdoor attic staircase will significantly save space in the house. An internal staircase is a much more convenient option, but it also takes up a lot of space. Great if you take care of installing a ceiling ladder. She practically does not take up space. Alternatively, you can install spiral staircase but its convenience is often questioned.

An outdoor attic staircase will significantly save space in the house

• First you need wooden beams 10x10 cm in cross section. They are applied over the waterproofing. The best material for her is roofing felt or roofing felt, which is sold in rolls. It is quite convenient to work with them and you will not need any additional skills. If your ceiling is also made of wood, then there is no need to lay an additional beam under the main beams.
• The next step is to install the racks on the beams. The same timber with a section of 10x10 cm will suit you. These racks are a kind of skeleton of the walls of your attic. In order for them to fully perform their functions, they must be placed no further than two meters from each other. Make sure that each of them is perfectly level. We recommend checking each one with the level and, if necessary, sawing in the right places. When the racks are installed, they must be sheathed on both sides. For the inside, a great option is drywall or ordinary plywood, for the outside, a slab. It is important not to forget at this stage to lay the insulation between the racks. Each post is individually secured with spikes and brackets. To prevent them from tilting, we recommend fixing them properly with temporary braces.
• Next, lay the top bar. Its cross section should be the same as in the previous paragraphs. You can fix it as you like. But make sure that the beams are held firmly and securely.

Each post is individually secured with spikes and brackets

• Now you need to install the Mauerlat. This is a kind of support for the rafter leg, which is located at the bottom of the structure. For a Mauerlat, you will need a 40x40 cm bar or a board with the same thickness. Thanks to the Mauerlat, a high strength of fastening of the roof rafters to the walls will be ensured. It allows the weight of the roof to be redirected directly onto the walls. It is not necessary to take a section over 40 cm. All the same, the Mauerlat lies directly on the wall and the load on it is relatively small. Just do not forget to put waterproofing under it, otherwise it will start to rot over time.
• A well-fixed Mauerlat protects your roof from the effects of wind, snow mass in winter and other loads. Therefore, make sure that it is secured carefully. For this, you can use a wire with a diameter of up to 5 mm. It is best to choose an annealed wire, which is just for the strapping. In order to make the walls more durable, the wire is embedded directly into them.
• Now you need to install the rafter legs. Make markings on the rafter frame and Mauerlat in the places where the rafters will be installed. Usually, the step is 1-1.2 m. For the rafters, a board with a section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm is suitable for you. Choose only perfectly flat boards. It is better to overpay a little money for them, but be sure that a living attic with your own hands will not cause you to collapse the attic roof.

For rafters, a board with a cross section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm is suitable for you

• The rafter legs should rest on the ridge beam. If your attic has a large area, then the weight of its roof will be large. Therefore, the beam is an indispensable structural element. It is not needed only if the length of the rafters is less than eight meters. In this case, you can do with the usual stretch marks.
• Installation of fillies. Produce it in the same way as the rafters. To simplify the process, start with the two outermost ones, pull the twine between them and align with it when installing the next ones.
• Now you need to nail a hem board to the filly. It will become an obstacle to wind and almost any precipitation.
• Before making a mansard roof, you must consider where the windows will be installed. Remember that their area should occupy at least 12-13% of the area of ​​the side walls. Where you decide to put windows, you need to strengthen the rafters. To do this, install cross beams... They will take on the role of the lower and upper part of the opening, where the window frame will be installed and fastened.

Before making a mansard roof, you must think about where the windows will be installed.

When the previous ten points have been completed, you need to carefully double-check everything that has been done. Already at this stage, you will understand how to make a roof with an attic without any problems, but you always need to be reinsured. Especially if this is your first time doing it.

Thoroughly walk the level over all the rafters and beams, check if they are really tight and secure, if there is insulation everywhere, if you need to modify problem areas. It will be better if you ask someone from more experienced builders, to evaluate with a trained eye whether everything is really done as it should be. Remember that the roof in your home must be safe and strong. But if everything is fine and the structure is held securely, you can proceed to further work:

• You have already created the skeleton of the roof. Now you need to nail the battens to the rafters. The step depends on what kind of roofing material you choose for your roof.
• When the crate is installed, a hydro-barrier must be installed on it. In most cases, plain plastic wrap works best for this. It is inexpensive, qualitatively protects the attic from moisture ingress and is easily attached with construction brackets. The main thing to remember is that the layers of the film must be laid from bottom to top with overlap of layers on top of each other.
• It is necessary to put a heat-insulating layer on top of the film. One of the best materials for this purpose is rock wool. It is lightweight, keeps heat well and is completely safe for your health, unlike many other heat-insulating materials. In addition, it effectively prevents the spread of rodents in your home.

It is necessary to put a heat-insulating layer on top of the film.

• When you get to the roof, proceed in the same way as in the case of plastic wrap. The roofing ball also rests from bottom to top, and the elements are superimposed on each other. Make sure that in those places where the roof break is located, the upper roof ball protrudes above the lower one. It is very important. Otherwise, with the slightest rain, your roof will leak, and the structure will gradually rot.
• The installation of the ridge should be carried out in such a way that its design completely excludes the possibility of rainfall getting under the roof of your roof.

Completion of installation

The main part of the work has come to an end. It is recommended to make mansard roofs multi-layer, so that they provide the best thermal, noise and waterproofing of the entire attic. Do not forget also that the attic must "breathe". Modern windows and doors are an integral part of any such roof.

If you have not completely decided on the installation of the stairs, then first it is better to install an external one. It will be cheaper and easier this way. In any case, if you feel that this option does not suit you, you can make a staircase indoors whenever you want, sacrificing space in the house.

Video about a gable roof

Now you know how to build a mansard roof according to all the rules and not resort to the help of an expensive team of builders. Please be patient, select quality materials and tools, and then follow our instructions. Good luck!

If you have made such a decision on how to build an attic, it will be correct. Before building an attic in an existing house, you first need to decide on its shape, and so whether the roof will be completely redone into an attic floor or not.
After all, the construction of an attic is considered not only more economical, but also a process that will require much less labor in comparison with the construction of the next floor. It is these facts that make the construction of the attic very popular. Projects country houses with an attic, as a rule, they have a special or, as the builders call, "broken" roof, since it makes it possible to make the most of useful area.

Particular attention in solving such a question as how to build an attic must be paid to the quality of the roof. Since it should have not only aesthetic appearance, but also have excellent thermal insulation, as well as have good waterproofing... The best thermal insulation material for roofing is either slate or ceramic roof tiles, but in no case use metal tiles, as they tend to get very hot in the sun. In this case, how to build an attic with your own hands? At the initial stage of building construction, it is possible to make calculations of the supporting structure with maximum accuracy.

It should be borne in mind that the installation of rafters must be done at an angle (from 30 to 60 °), since an increase in the degree of inclination leads to a decrease in the usable area of ​​the attic.
To solve the problem, you can insulate the attic from the inside using mineral wool.

A residential attic space requires a large layer of insulation. The material must meet the requirements fire safety and not be toxic. Mineral wool is one of the most suitable options.

Varieties of material

The main types of mineral wool are basalt wool and glass wool. Each has its own properties, pros and cons.
Basalt wool

Basalt wool is produced from gabbro-basalt rock. Carbonate rocks are specially added to it, which makes it possible to regulate the acidity modulus. The material of higher acidity is more resistant to moisture and more durable. Adding binders to basalt wool: bituminous, synthetic, composite, bentonite clays - holds the fibers together, helps to give the desired shape.

Glass wool

Glass wool is a mineral material for the manufacture of which raw materials used in the production of glass are used, as well as waste, broken glass.

The properties of glass wool are different from basalt, its thickness is 3–15 microns, and the length is several times longer than basalt. Therefore, glass wool slabs are more elastic, have greater strength, and are resistant to vibrations. Glass wool is fire resistant, withstands up to 450 ° C.

Despite all the advantages of glass wool, there is one significant drawback that reduces the popularity of its use. When laying this material, many small particles are formed that are harmful to health. Therefore, the installation is carried out in special clothing, footwear, and a protective mask. It will not work to clean them after work, you will need to throw them away.

Isolation nuances

When insulating the roof, it is better to use cellulose wool, it provides better moisture conductivity, does not allow humid air to accumulate under the roof.

The main difficulties of insulation are manifested when working on roof slopes with a rafter structure.

Here it is necessary to use dense cotton wool, which can be securely placed between the rafters. It should be light and firm.

The main advantages of mineral wool are its incombustibility, soundproofing, good thermal insulation performance, vapor permeability, high environmental friendliness, and a relatively affordable price. It is produced in plates, mats, cylinders, there are options with foil coating.

If the size of the insulation is greater than the distance between the rafters, it is cut into the necessary pieces, adding a few centimeters for a tight fit.

This method is well suited for insulating attics, living quarters located directly under the roof. The disadvantage can be considered a decrease internal dimensions due to a layer of cotton wool, drywall and additional finishing.

Thermal insulation methods

Depending on which element of the building structure is insulated, there are 2 ways to insulate the roof from the inside.

Floor insulation

The first option is floor insulation. The method is inexpensive, very simple to implement. It consists in laying cotton wool on concrete plates foundations or, in the case of timber floors, between structural elements. Any kind of mineral wool will do, even soft and granular. Installation is simple, you do not need to bypass the rafters, as when insulating the roof slopes, you can easily fill in all the gaps and cracks.

Heat protection of skates

The second option is to insulate the roof slopes. If the premises in the attic are not used, then this option is economically unprofitable. The consumption of materials increases significantly, it takes more time due to the bypass of the rafters and additional fastening of the mineral wool.

Thermal insulation of slopes can be done in two ways: over open rafters or between them. In the first version, wooden beams remain visible inside the room and have an additional decorative function.

Sequence of work

Regardless of which particular method of insulation with mineral wool is used, the general algorithm of actions is as follows: surface preparation, waterproofing, installation of insulation, laying of vapor barrier, cladding.

Preparatory activities

Before starting work on thermal insulation, the surface to be insulated must be prepared. The structure is inspected, if necessary, the identified defects are eliminated, cleaned of dirt and debris. TO preparatory work can be attributed to the calculation of the amount of material.

The thickness of the insulating layer should be at least 15–20 cm, therefore, when choosing cotton of a lesser thickness, it will need to be laid in two layers.

Waterproofing

To protect the roof from moisture, waterproofing is installed on the surface to be insulated. It is laid with an overlap, securing it with a stapler and gluing the joints with tape.

It is important to install the waterproofing membrane so that there is a ventilation gap between it and the insulation, and the material completely covers the entire rafter system and goes slightly onto the walls.

Then, on top of the insulation, a batten of slats is nailed to the rafters, which will secure the material and provide a ventilation gap. All wooden structural elements are best treated with a special antiseptic.

Insulation laying

After installing the waterproofing, you can start installing the insulation. To do this, the mineral wool is cut into pieces about 5 cm wider than the distance between the rafter beams. Then, after laying, the material will straighten out and fill the space better. The installation of mineral wool should be carried out in such a way that the material fits as tightly as possible to the beams and there are no gaps.

Arrangement of vapor barrier

After laying the insulation, it is necessary to protect it from water vapor coming from inside the room. If this is not done, the mineral wool will gradually get wet and lose its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, a vapor barrier is installed on top of the insulation. As a vapor barrier, special foil materials, polyethylene films or roofing material are used.

For tightness, the vapor barrier is laid with overlapping layers, the seams are glued. It is important to install foil vapor barriers with the metallized side inside the attic. The structure is fixed with wooden slats, on which the sheathing (lining or drywall) is subsequently attached.

Roof insulation with mineral wool is one of the most available ways arrangement of warm and cozy attic... The main thing is to strictly observe the technology. And then everything will work out.

Try to pay special attention to the insulation of the attic roof. If the roof is not insulated, do not expect warmth in the attic. The roof is roof covering... An attic roof is “ roofing cake», Consisting of several layers: a vapor barrier layer from the inside, a waterproofing layer from the outside, a heater between them and an air gap.

Various materials are used as insulation. The characteristics of the materials used depend on several factors: functional purpose premises, humidity levels, critical temperatures, loads, and so on. Non-flammable, basalt materials- the best way.

Various materials are used as insulation for the attic from the inside. The most popular and simple is mineral wool

It is not recommended to use polyfoam. It is flammable. Poor vapor permeability. Mineral wool is perfect. It is pressed into a plate. On the inside, there is a vapor barrier layer. On the outside - waterproofing (special layer).

Now the use of spraying polyurethane foam for insulation of the attic from the inside has become quite popular. This method is also quite economical and very effective.

If the attic is made from an old attic, then, as a rule, the rafters are preserved. The load is minimized by using low-density insulation for this, since they are much lighter. The disadvantage is that they are blown by the wind. Additionally, a windproof, vapor-permeable material is laid.

Approach the installation of insulation with due attention. Do not forget that there is sufficient ventilation space between the roof covering and the insulation layer.

The attic is warm in winter and cool in summer only when all the work on the walls and roof insulation is done correctly. Do not ignore these rules and your budget will have a tangible effect.

The attic is a trendy architectural element. F. Mansara (French architect) three centuries ago was the first to use the attic space not only for economic purposes, but also for housing.

Now in civil and industrial construction, it is quite widely in demand. In individual construction, the attic is experiencing a real boom. It is equipped both during the construction of a new house and during the repair of attic rooms (roofs).

The house takes on an expressive look, and the attic space is used functionally and efficiently. The area occupied by the attic is decent. Additional room for a good recreation room (billiard room) or a wonderful summer bedroom. By making it warm and dry, it will be habitable.

A well-insulated and well-made attic can be an excellent room for rest and work.

How to properly insulate the attic from the inside? A project developed in advance is required. It will allow you to prepare well, provide for all the nuances. A competent approach to attic insulation and the mandatory use of high-quality materials will help to avoid mistakes that can play a very bad role over time.

In a private house, as a rule, large heat losses are observed. Basically, this happens through the ceiling and overhead floors. The processes of wetting (drying) of the insulation under the roof worsen its quality. A violation of the microclimate is often the cause of cold inside the house. This occurs mainly due to poor quality construction work associated with the attic.

It is recommended to insulate the attic not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Warming is a technically rather complicated process. The impressive area of ​​the attic floor, its maximum contact with the external environment, the complexity of the design - requires certain knowledge and skills from the one who will be engaged in its insulation.

Mansard structures are distinguished by the fact that they can be constructed from the most various materials, for example, made of wood, metal, reinforced concrete. There are no restrictions here, it is only necessary to ensure stability and proper insulation. Indoor ceilings can also be very different: inclined, flat with one inclined wall, formed by two slopes, converging at an acute angle. All this and much more has contributed to the popularity of the attic for more than four hundred years.

The main advantages of such a roof are as follows:

1. Possibility of superstructure attic, that is, using the infrastructure of an existing building. At the same time, there is no need to completely disassemble the entire roof, which allows significant savings during work. This is an additional floor that can be used for its intended purpose.

2. The living area of ​​the house is increased due to the reconstruction of an unused attic space. This allows you to add a full-fledged second floor at a relatively low cost.

3. In places with a fairly dense building, the attic second floor is the best way out.

4. The external appearance of the building is improving, the building acquires a complete, holistic appearance.

5. Attic can be built on not only one level. If necessary and observing all the rules and requirements, it is possible to build a two-tier attic, which will decorate any building, adding additional living space to it.

6. When constructing an attic, heat loss through the roof of the house is much reduced. It also translates into lower heating costs during the winter months.

7. Construction of attics is possible even in a residential building without the need to move out residents. For this, it is not necessary to use heavy construction equipment, all work is carried out directly on the roof of the building in the shortest possible time. A new floor can be erected with virtually no problems and costs.

But when constructing an attic, there are also disadvantages, like any design. It is worth noting such disadvantages as:

1. When arranging such a room, a certain part of the usable area is lost.

2. Beveled and sloped ceilings greatly reduce the height of the walls, ceilings in attics are usually low, not exceeding 2.4 meters.

3. Windows in many cases can be located only in the ceiling, which is not always convenient.

4. Rafter structures begin to degrade quickly due to lack of ventilation. Typically, their service life is about three times less than with a cold attic.

5. In winter, skylights often accumulate large masses of snow, which reduces the level of already insufficient lighting.
Varieties of designs

When deciding how to make an attic, you must first decide what type of rafter system will be used. Characteristic feature the mansard structure is its broken, rather steep configurations, but we must not forget that this is not an aesthetic function, but a purely practical one. Such broken shapes provide:

· Correct transfer of all loads to the bearing walls;

· Allow you to effectively protect the entire structure from precipitation;

· Give stability to such negative phenomena as temperature drops, showers, snowfall, the formation of a large amount of ice.

The most simple form residential attic - this is a triangle, the most difficult - with a break. All horizontal logs and vertical posts are recommended to be made of thin wooden beams.

Among the truss systems used for the attic floor, the most commonly used are:

1. Hanging type rafters. They rest on the walls creating a horizontal load. If you decide to make an attic second floor using this type of rafter system, then you need to take into account the design features. To connect the beams, intermediate supports are not used here, only special puffs made of metal or wood.

2. An inclined type of rafter system is recommended for small cottages where the load-bearing wall is located in the center or there are intermediate supports. The rafters rest on the outer walls, the middle part of the structure on inner wall... Such a simple system can only be used for those houses in which the distance between free-standing load-bearing walls is no more than six and a half meters.

3. Hanging and inclined rafters can be in the form of right-angled triangles, which have a stop behind the load-bearing wall. In this case, the Mauerlat does not need to be erected, ordinary beams are taken for the rafters. Strut braces are required, all racks cut into the floor beams, the rafters are fastened with anchors.
Construction stages

So how to properly assemble the attic structure? The sequence of all work should be strictly observed, which will allow you to build a solid, reliable attic. It is imperative to correctly identify all loads, which can only be done by experienced designers.

The construction of the attic provides for such work as:

1. Dismantling the old roof. In this case, it is not required to completely disassemble the overlap. Unless it is provided for by the project.

2. If necessary, the floor structures are reinforced. This is done so that the second floor (attic) does not give unnecessary stress. If necessary, an additional layer of waterproofing is laid at this stage.

3. Construction of the truss system, insulation of the attic itself.

4. Installation of windows.

5. Internal and exterior decoration buildings.

For the construction of the attic, it is recommended to use wooden beams that have a cross section of fifty to one hundred and fifty centimeters. At the same time, the following sequence of work is observed: first, the frame of the future structure is made, after which the support beams and rafters are strengthened. After the installation of the stepped bevels, waterproofing work, insulation is laid. Now you can reinforce the battens and install the roofing material. Finishing work is carried out last, after all the windows have been installed.

The attic second floor must be insulated in order to ensure the safety of the structure and the comfort of living conditions. For such a process to become effective, it is necessary to observe the construction of a multi-layer "pie", which includes:

Internal finishing material on the ceiling of the attic: moisture-resistant plywood, drywall, etc.
· Vapor barrier membrane;

· Insulation (usually it is mineral wool in rolls or slabs);

· Laying of waterproofing;

· Installation of roofing (tiles, corrugated board, etc.).

The layer of insulation should be two hundred and fifty - three hundred millimeters, often a special frame is made for laying it, attached perpendicular to rafter system... When laying, it should not be allowed that gaps and cavities remain between the insulation plates, as this will lead to significant heat loss, low thermal insulation efficiency.

The attic is not only beautiful, but also a very functional architectural element that is able to fulfill the numerous tasks assigned to it. This is a great place to live. Here you can equip a nursery, a playroom or a large gym.

Attic construction technology consists in high-quality and consistent performance of such works:

1. Development of a project for the construction of an attic floor or its re-equipment.

2. Dismantling of old roof structures.

3. Strengthening the wall structures of the upper floor.

4. Installation of waterproofing and thermal insulation of ceilings.

5. Construction of the end walls of the attic room.

6. Construction of a mansard roof, its insulation and decoration.

7. Installation of attic windows.

8. Arrangement of new living quarters.

For work, you will need to purchase materials and tools. It is usually necessary to have wall panels (or other material) for sheathing the end walls of the attic space, thermal insulation materials for the walls and pitched roof, roofing materials, roof beams, finishing materials, etc.

After preparing everything that is required for construction, project development, you can begin the main work. First you need to make a frame for the roof. The rafters can be made of beams measuring 50x150 cm. The structure must be well fixed, slings, support blocks must be installed, the attic walls must be erected and the rafters must be installed. Rafter structure must be mounted securely and accurately. After that, stepped bevels of the walls, partitions of the attic room are installed, and work is carried out on insulation and waterproofing of the attic. Next, you should build a crate for the attic roof, lay a heat insulator on it, strengthen it and then finish the roof roofing material... After that, the installation of doors and windows, interior decoration and arrangement of the premises is carried out.

Attic roof

In order to understand how to make a roof in the attic correctly, knowledge about the features of such a room will not be superfluous. Roof leaks and other roofing defects will negatively affect the entire building to a much greater extent than the same defects of a conventional attic roof. In this case, water will flow into the living room, which, most likely, will lead to the renovation of the premises.

The main feature of a mansard roof is that it is exposed to moisture both from the outside and from above (snow, rain, etc.), and from below (the formation of condensation from the moisture in the air of the living quarters of the lower floors). To eliminate this problem, the attic construction technology provides for the device of a special vapor barrier layer that prevents the penetration of wet and warm air from living rooms to tiles.

It is also necessary to make waterproofing under the roofing material and ensure sufficient ventilation of the roof of the attic space. Soft bituminous shingles or metal shingles can be used as roofing.

Warming and arrangement of the attic

Due to the fact that the attic is usually used as a living space, great importance is attached to the device of its thermal insulation. High-quality insulation of the attic roof ensures the creation of a comfortable microclimate in such a room and other rooms of the house, effective heat preservation and a long service life of the entire building. There are several ways to insulate the attic. Insulation outside implies general insulation of the entire house.

Optimal and most effective way is an additional internal insulation, involving the use of a multi-layer heat-insulating structure, consisting of the following layers:

First layer (inner) - finishing material, for example, sheets of plasterboard, plywood and other materials that form the ceiling of the attic room

The second layer is a vapor barrier film

The third layer is a porous heat-insulating material (mineral wool, etc.)

The fourth layer is a waterproofing material, laid with the formation of a small gap and the possibility of a simple drainage of water to the outside

Fifth layer - roofing (metal, soft roof etc.).

Advice from the master!

In addition to insulating the attic roof, it is also necessary to insulate its walls and floor. Arrangement of a room in the attic includes the implementation of such works as installation roof windows, internal partitions, doors, as well as decorative trim.

Installing pitched roof windows is the best solution for an attic. Glazing can occupy a significant surface area of ​​the attic, at least 12.5%. The glasses used in such windows are special: they do not break with strong pressure or impact, but crumble into granules that do not have sharp and cutting surfaces.

The specificity of the attic rooms allows you to equip them in a special way, to arrange them in an unusual and original way. Many designers recommend using translucent plastic partitions or partitions decorated with translucent fabrics for zoning these rooms. When choosing a shade for wall decoration, it is recommended to give preference to light colors that will make the interior light and pleasant. It is not recommended to decorate skylights with curtains, but it is better to choose light-colored blinds.

Having learned how to build an attic yourself, equip it, create a comfortable, cozy and unusual room, you can try to build an upper floor at home. This is a great way to make your home unique and individual, to increase its usable area and equip additional living space.

After the overlap is reinforced, you need to decide on the size of the attic rooms, their height at the walls should not be lower than 1.5 m, and in the middle part there should be a standard height of 2.5 m, or even more. After that, a guide profile (PN) is attached to the floor, for drywall, and above it, the same profile to the rafters. Marking, which is done with a plumb line, tape measure, or a strong cord. Then, the profile of the posts (PS) is installed in the guide profiles, the step of which should be 600 mm. On inclined ceiling surfaces, the metal profile can be mounted horizontally. After that, when the location of the rooms is clearly visible, several dormers can be installed on the roof so that the rooms are well lit with natural light. In addition, it will be necessary to make an opening in the ceiling for the construction of a staircase to the attic. The least space on the ground floor will be occupied by a single-flight staircase with "goose step" steps.