What can be cooked from squid: quick and tasty

Almost every Russian person has ever been in a bath. For some, the sensations that it brings are so pleasant and memorable that they are thinking about building their own bath. To do this, of course, is not as easy as it seems, because there are certain subtleties of the layout of the bath, which must be paid attention to.

Peculiarities

Taking a steam bath is a wonderful Russian tradition that goes back to our distant ancestors. She still does not lose her popularity, moreover, she is a part of traditional Russian culture.

First of all, a bath is a washing room. Also, this word means the whole procedure, the whole ritual of washing. One of the features of washing in a bath is high level humidity at the same high temperature (about 80 degrees). At this temperature, the pores open, which contributes, firstly, to the competent cleansing of the skin and hair, and secondly, to the removal of toxins and toxins.

When building a bath, it is important to decide on the method of heating the bath. There are two of them: "in white" and "in black".

In the first case, a stove is kindled inside the room, which heats the entire room. Smoke comes out through a door or any other opening. Of the advantages of this option, they also highlight the fact that such a bath disinfects the room and allows you to get rid of harmful insects. Perhaps this is the most comfortable type of bath, especially if you have no experience in building and bathing in a bath.

In the smoke sauna, instead of a hearth, a stove and a water tank are used. They also often use hot stones on the grate, on which water is poured. Steam is generated much more abundantly in this way, moreover, as doctors confirm, it acquires health-improving properties. There is no chimney in the smoke sauna, and the smoke circulates in the room, warming it up. The walls and ceiling in such a bathhouse are always sooty, hence the name. This is a traditional Old Russian version of the bath.

The stage of its planning is of great importance in the construction of a bath. It was at this time that the size of the bath was determined (5 by 6, 4 by 7, 2 by 2 or 8 by 9) and the number of rooms. Often it is too difficult to fix something with improvised methods, so it is very important to think over everything at the planning stage. For example, a "white" bath can be easily made from a "black" bath: you need to bring out the pipe and equip the stove with a vault. But the opposite will not work.

Projects

Traditionally, a bath should have two rooms: a dressing room and a steam room itself. They can be combined or be two different rooms... However, the options do not end there. As with building a home, there are a myriad of projects that can inspire you.

The bathhouse can be attached to a private house in the city or located at a summer cottage. It can be a separate building or be part of a house, its separate room or, for example, a small corner room (along with a bathroom and a bathroom).

So, we have dealt with the traditional two-room bath. Further - more interesting.

A bath with a pool is considered a whole bath complex. Building it is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. On sale there is a huge number of bowls for pools of various shapes and sizes. You can place the pool in a steam room, necessarily fencing it off with a wall from the steam room, or attach it to the main room of the bath as another room, decorate it with glass walls or hang a solid roof or a polycarbonate canopy on top. The main thing - remember that the steam room and the pool must be separated by a wall so that the wet warm air and room temperature air did not conflict.

There are also no strong restrictions in the design of the pool. You can arrange the bottom mosaic tiles, interior lighting or even place some algae there.

If you consider yourself a lover of everything new and original, we advise you to take a closer look at the new product - a cascade pool, which many simply call a waterfall. It looks like this: thanks to a closed circulation system, water is supplied from top to bottom, then it rises up through the pipes and so, like a waterfall, falls endlessly down. The size of this pool will not be so huge, but it will look impressive, especially if you look at stones or 3D images with photographs of seascapes as a decor.

It is not possible to attach a cascade pool to an already finished bath. It should be planned even at the design stage, because it has a serious impact on the water supply, ventilation system, as well as the load on the power grid.

But if the soul requires scope, then two-story bath will the best option... In this case, zoning occurs as follows: on the ground floor there is a steam room, a washing room, a boiler room, if desired, a pool and utility rooms. On the second floor there are living rooms, a recreation room, a shower room, a dining room, a library, a billiard room or a bar.

The second floor can be safely called entertainment, which is especially important if you are used to inviting guests to the bathhouse and gathering here in large companies. Moreover, these baths are often used to make real residential houses or spend the whole summer cottage here.

A certain complexity in the case of two-story bath can imagine a staircase. In fact, it will be correct to put it in the break room or in the dressing room, so that moisture does not get into the upper rooms. Never place the stairs on a terrace or outside. It is also not necessary that she walk through the balcony, because in winter it will not be very pleasant to climb in the cold.

Baths can vary dramatically in size: 5x5, 5x6, 4x7, 2x2, 6x5, 8x9, 2x2, 6x8, 8x8, 6x10 and so on. In general, the size of the bath only affects how many people should be there at the same time, and how many rooms you want to have there. You are not obliged to build your bathhouse following the example of a public one - small, small and narrow. The bathhouse is a place of rest, relaxation, and it should be comfortable just for you.

Materials (edit)

When we talk about finishing and planning a bath, we must remember that in this case a number of requirements are imposed on the materials. They must be resistant to high temperatures, hot air, high humidity, water. They must be hygienic and environmentally friendly, as well as completely safe for humans: not emitting toxins or allergens. The best option I see a tree, but there are a number of quite suitable materials.

Bath planning begins with the stage of choosing the type and material for the foundation. So, baths are usually located on a strip (in the case of soft clay soil or fine sand) or columnar (if the post is stony, dense) foundation. But if we are talking about a site with a high level of groundwater, then it is better to play it safe and choose a foundation on screw piles.

Walls can be made of several materials to choose from: wood, brick, slag or foam block, aerated concrete.

A traditional Russian bath immediately appears to us as a wooden one. It can be a finished frame or timber, a rounded log. The most popular varieties are maple, linden, alder, white ash, birch, white oak and Caucasian oak. The material must be treated with specialized means: fire-fighting and antiseptic.

Brick can be used as the main material for the construction of a bath, which greatly increases its service life. Moreover, brick walls are thicker than wooden ones, and their thermal conductivity is strikingly higher. Also brick building often does not require additional exterior decoration, because the stone already looks very presentable.

In addition to brick and wood, there are a number of materials that are suitable for the construction of a bath. Cinder block, foam block, aerated concrete, although they have less thermal conductivity than brick, are easy to process and can help save a sufficient amount of time during direct construction.

The roof is planned, as it is being built, the very last one. The roof is the final touch to the entire construction. It can be dual-slope or single-slope, attic type or usual. The attic can also be used to store something like bath accessories or seasonal items. Tiles, metal tiles, slate are used as materials.

Interior decoration and space zoning

Progress and imagination of designers do not stand still, therefore, more and more often you can find baths with a pool, and with a font, and two-story, and one-story, with a toilet and a bath. There are practically no restrictions. Although, of course, electronics and appliances near steam rooms should be placed with care.

It is believed that for one person in a traditional Russian steam room there should be about 5-6 square meters... Accordingly, its size should be calculated individually. However, we do not recommend planning a sauna for more than 15 people. Remember that it is best when the steam room has direct access to the dressing room.

Taking into account the sewage system, right next to the steam room, you can equip a toilet or shower room (otherwise called a washing room). Not everyone, especially in winter, dares to dive into an ice hole or a river after a bath. Many people will prefer to simply plunge into the bathroom or take a quiet shower.

Some furniture should also be present in the bath. Of course, you will need benches (preferably portable) or bunk shelves for comfortable lying. The same set includes tanks with hot water(for example, heated by a stove) and drainage. For a dressing room, it is better to buy a set of a table and a pair of benches or chairs, as well as a sink or sink, towel holders, a hanger.

As for the finish, wood is considered the most popular option. This is an environmentally friendly and completely safe material, which is firmly entrenched in the perception of Russians about a traditional bath. It is very important that the lining itself is of high quality. Overdried will swell during water procedures, and wet after drying will form cracks. Conifers are completely unsuitable for the steam room, as they get very hot.

Hardwoods are often chosen for the steam room: birch, ash, linden, aspen, larch. They do not glow from high temperatures and do not emit any odor. They are not afraid of fungus, they dry quickly and are not subject to decay. Ash is kept apart (due to the combination of external beauty and good characteristics), as well as light brown alder, which has a perfectly flat surface and does not absorb foreign odors.

The washing room or dressing room can be completely trimmed with conifers. Pine or spruce lining is ideal. The temperature here is not so high that the tree begins to emit resin, but it is sufficient for the coniferous aroma to delight the soul and soothe. Also, phytoncides released along with the smell have a health-improving effect on a person: they increase resistance to infectious diseases... Therefore, such a bath has a doubly useful result. By the way, the finishing of the washing room has no restrictions at all: the walls can be made of plasterboard, PVC, and tiles.

For a relaxation room, pine is an ideal option. Firstly, its palette ranges from pale yellow to reddish shades, and secondly, it is available everywhere and is easy to process, paint, polish. The pine pattern is quite suitable as a decorative one, and over time this wood only becomes more beautiful.

Universal option(both for the washing room, and for the steam room, and for any other rooms) - this is white or Caucasian oak. Due to the large amount of tannins, it does not lose its strength even when exposed to high temperatures and humidity.

The floors, by analogy with the walls, can be made of wood. It is also not prohibited to use concrete or ceramics. And here artificial materials it is categorically impossible to use. They have the ability to release substances that are not the most useful for humans when heated. By the way, you can install a floor heating system in the bath. Of course, not in a steam room, but, for example, in a relaxation room or dressing room.

You shouldn't skimp on interior decoration - it has a rather important function. It depends on her how long the bath will serve, and it is she who protects you from burns, insulates and waterproofs the room. Among other things, interior decoration also plays a decorative role, and the release of healing scents has a positive effect on your health.

A spacious bath is a good addition to any site. In it you can not only wash, but also have a good rest in the company of friends. And the steam room is the main part in such a room. Many owners want to build a bathhouse with their own hands, so they try to consider all aspects of such construction. It should be noted that this is not difficult to do, because only the oven and shelves need to be installed.

Device: features

The most important room in any bath, be it a Russian steam room or a Finnish sauna, is the steam room. The quality of the procedures in the steam room will depend on it. Despite the fact that it is very important, it is not so difficult to build it, because it consists of a small number of elements. The most important thing is that the arrangement of the room is comfortable and suitable for a good rest.

First of all, it is worth determining the number of shelves and racks with the calculation of how many people are planning to visit the bathhouse. They should be made of a material that does not fill the air with resins when exposed to high temperatures. The best option would be aspen, which has no high price and many positive characteristics.

It is also necessary to install a stove in the bath, which is the most important element in the steam room. After all, it provides the required temperature in the building, fully warming it up. Currently, the steam room allows you to install any stove. It can be made of brick, stone, metal, even electric models are used.

Do not forget about the washing room. It can be combined with a steam room, and the veranda can be used as a dressing room. However, this option is not very convenient. After all, then it will be necessary to suspend the process of using steam during the adoption of water procedures. To prevent this from happening, you can install a shower stall.

The decoration inside the steam room must be made of wood, as it is environmentally friendly and also aesthetically beautiful.

Project

To avoid problems with construction, you need to make a project and plan for a steam room for a bath. It would seem that nothing is easier, but still it will take a lot of time and effort. If a mini-bath or sauna is being designed, then certain zones should be included here: a dressing room, a washing room and a steam room.

The dressing room can also serve as a rest room. A separate room should be a washing room, where both a pool and a shower cabin can be located. And a steam room must be a separate room, the project of which must begin with the installation of a stove, which is the main part of the steam room.

During construction, it is necessary to choose the dimensions of the stove corresponding to the proportions of the steam room, that is, the volume of the entire room. It is also necessary to take into account the ratio of its power to the size of the entire room. For this, the following proportions are applied: one cubic meter in the steam room one kilowatt of thermal energy must be used.

The number of people in the steam room is also important. According to unwritten regulations, one person needs approximately 0.70 meters of floor space. You also need to take into account the height of the tallest family member by adding twenty centimeters to it. When calculating the project, do not forget that warming the steam room will take a couple of centimeters of space, and if you make the room too high, then the heat will be wasted.

Optimal height steam rooms are two meters twenty centimeters.

The steam room can be built without windows, but in this case it is necessary to take care of artificial lighting. And if, nevertheless, there is a window, it should be deaf and have a minimum size of about fifty by fifty centimeters, so as not to let heat out into the street.

In this case, it is worth considering the quality of the double-glazed windows. They must be heat and sound insulated. Do not forget about the ventilation system. After all, if it is not there, the tree will quickly deteriorate, and mold will also form, which will have a bad effect on the health of any person. For additional insulation you can use blocks, lining and other wall cladding options.

How to choose and where to put the oven?

The answer to this question is very complex. After all, in order to decide which stove to choose, you need to consider all its types, which have pros and cons.

Metal oven

It has a small size, a high degree of power, and the ability to heat the entire room. Such an oven heats up very quickly and cools down just as quickly. Touching it can cause burns. Therefore, when choosing such a stove, it is imperative to build a fence in order to avoid accidents.

Brick oven

Having chosen such a heating device, you need to know that a foundation is required for its installation. The dimensions of the stove can be selected based on the characteristics of the steam room and its dimensions. Installation of a brick stove is good in that, unlike metal stoves, brick products heat up slowly and do not cool down very quickly. After installing such a stove, the air in the steam room will be light and dry, moreover, touching it, it is practically impossible to get burned. Therefore, it can be installed closer to the shelves to keep it warm for a long time.

Electric ovens

For lovers modern technologies electric ovens will do. They do not need to be melted with wood. However, they also have many disadvantages. Electric ovens are capable of heating only a small room, cool down quickly, and also have a high price. In addition, the slightest insulation faults can lead to a short circuit. Therefore, when installing such ovens, you need to carefully check all the wiring.

Of soapstone

Soapstone has become popular in the modern world and is actively used for the construction of furnaces, as it is highly durable. He also has the ability to warm up the room gradually and evenly. The stone itself is expensive, but it is very economical in terms of fuel consumption. After heating the oven for just one hour, you can enjoy the heat all day. Plus, this material has healing properties steaming in such a bath, you can not only enjoy, but also improve your health.

Having familiarized yourself with the types of ovens, as well as having made a choice, you can proceed with their installation. The basis for this should be flat. If it is an electric furnace or a metal furnace, you need to make a concrete base under them.

You can place the product either at the door or in the corner of the steam room, saving space. In addition, it is this space that will be the safest place.

If this is a brick oven, you need to lay the foundation.

Further, a large sheet of metal is fixed in the opening on the ceiling. This is necessary to make an outlet for one of the most important elements - the chimney. A hole must be made in the metal for the pipe in advance. A water tank is installed on the stove. And through a specially made opening, a pipe is brought up, insulated with any non-combustible materials.

After installing the stove, it is necessary to conduct a test fire to see if everything is done correctly. And only then can you invite your household or friends to the steam room.

Materials (edit)

Materials for building a steam room can be different, for example, brick, foam block, stone. But one of the best will of course be a tree. The most common types of wood used in the construction of baths and saunas are aspen, linden or birch, because they do not emit tar. However, pine is often used for exterior walls.

Usually, rounded beams are used for the steam room. But the most convenient and affordable is a profiled beam, which is resistant to various deformations.

In order to build a steam room, you need to stock up necessary materials, which will be needed in the process of work, as well as to make the correct calculation.

The list of essentials includes:

construction timber measuring 15 by 15 centimeters;
timber for the construction of partitions measuring 15 by 10 centimeters;
concrete solution;
the necessary reinforcement to install the foundation;

boards of the second grade intended for formwork;
sand and clay, if the stove is made of bricks;
refractory bricks for the base of the furnace;
crushed stone;
materials for waterproofing;

stones for heating;
insulation (this can be tow, jute, as well as foil for vapor barrier, or mineral wool);
lining with 12 millimeters for wall cladding;
lining with fifty millimeters for ceilings;
tile, if needed;

slate, as well as galvanized;
antiseptics;
lamps or lighting strips;
switches of different formats.

Tools and accessories

It is also necessary to make a list of the necessary tools so that everything is at hand.

When starting to build a steam room, you must have the following accessories in stock:

shovels or a small excavator;
saw or electric or gasoline;
axe;
concrete drill;

cable of the required length;
hammer or screwdriver;
nails or screws;
construction stapler;
level.

Installation and insulation

Even if the steam room is made entirely of wood, it must be insulated. Thermal insulation will save money and create a favorable environment for procedures. If the process of insulation and installation will be done by hand, then you will need step-by-step instructions.

The insulation process is done from top to bottom, so the ceiling, walls are processed first, and only then the floor.

Ceiling: proper ventilation

If the steam room is wooden, then its ceiling is ceiling structure beams. On top of them, a waterproofing film is laid, having a thickness of two millimeters. Its strips should overlap, attached to each other with self-adhesive tape, and to the beams - with staples - using a construction stapler.

On top of the waterproofing tape, sheets of moisture-resistant plywood lie that are joined along the beams. Next - boards forty millimeters thick, which must be joined very precisely. The next stage of insulation takes place inside the steam room. To do this, between the beams, you need to lay the insulation in such an order that it is tight with the ceiling elements. This makes it impossible for the cold to get inside.

The next step is to put a vapor barrier. Everything is done in the same way as in the case of waterproofing. And only after that the surface of the ceiling is formed.

Also, do not forget about the ventilation system, which is absolutely necessary. After all, a person who takes a steam bath breathes hot steam, inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. And there is no ventilation, there will be no fresh air, and there will be a lack of oxygen. In such a steam room, a person can simply begin to suffocate.

Therefore, the ventilation system takes important place in the construction of a steam room. She not only delivers fresh air to the room, but also dries it out. For air circulation, two types of openings are needed: exhaust and supply. In order for the air to enter the steam room, inlet openings are needed, installed closer to the floor, moreover, located near the stove.

Exhaust pipes are made closer to the ceiling so that carbon monoxide and humidified hot air can escape through them.

Pie walls

After that, the walls are insulated or the so-called "pie" in the steam room, consisting of several elements. This is a wall covered with wooden beams, a heat insulator located between them, a vapor insulator, as well as a crate constructed from slats.

The wall insulation algorithm is as follows:

The first step is to attach the bars to the wall.
Later, it is necessary to lay a heat insulator here, with a thickness equal to the width of the bars.
After that, a layer of vapor barrier is placed, which in most cases is a foil.
Then the lathing of 50x50 mm slats is attached. Finishing at this stage can be done both vertically and horizontally.

The slats are exposed in one plane and fastened with self-tapping screws.
Then the fishing line is stretched in three rows and vertical slats are attached every meter exactly along the indicated fishing lines.
After the end of the lathing, a foil insulation is placed.
After that, the entire wall is closed with a vapor barrier. The gap between the ceiling and walls must be sealed with self-adhesive foil tape.

Floor

In order to do the thermal insulation of the floor, you need to determine in advance what it will be: wood, ceramic or concrete.

For a wooden floor, the base of the steam room in the bath is made of logs, which are first installed between the foundation in the same plane. At the bottom, along their edges, slats of 40 by 40 millimeters are nailed. Boards are placed on top of them, and then they are covered with a vapor barrier film, and only, after all this, the entire floor is covered with waterproofing in two layers. The floor of the boards fits very tightly on it.

To insulate a concrete floor, a completely different technology is needed. First, the soil is leveled, for which sand, crushed stone and gravel are poured in turn. And then the whole thing is rammed tightly. The next step will be to lay the frame from a metal mesh, and only then a layer of waterproofing film is applied.

Do not forget about ventilation in the steam room, which requires special care. After all, ventilation helps not to collect moisture, and also prevents fresh air from entering the steam room. For this, special channels are made near the stove, above the floor level, in the wall - closer to the ceiling, as well as in the ceiling itself. To regulate them, special valves are made.

Installation of windows and doors

Doors and windows in the steam room require a special approach. After all, heat can leak through them. Therefore, this issue must be considered in great detail.

Doors

The door to the steam room needs to be made small, and the threshold high - up to thirty centimeters. At the same time, it should be easy to close and always open inward. However, locks cannot be made for the reasons that a person may become ill, and in such a state he will not be able to open them.

Doors can be either wooden or glass, but many prefer the former. Because they are easy to insulate. But glass doors visually expand the space in the steam room. But they cannot withstand temperature changes. Therefore, they must be trimmed with foil or other insulation or hidden under a lining that is resistant to moisture.

Window

The windows in the steam room can be omitted at all. After all, window openings cannot be made large, and therefore there will be practically no lighting from them. In addition, they are not needed for ventilation, since special systems already exist for it. But if they do, then only small and deaf. At the same time, they need to be glazed with good double-glazed windows.

Finishing and arrangement

The most traditional finishing material for a steam room is wood. It does not get very hot, and also, thanks to its qualities, makes a visit to the bathhouse pleasant and comfortable. The lining inside the steam room is made of lining. As a material, durable wood species that do not emit resins are selected. Before starting work, the wood must be treated with a special oil impregnation to reduce its hygroscopicity.

The decoration of the steam room is directly related to a high-quality ventilation system, and also provides for a drain for water. This prevents excess moisture from accumulating in the steam room.

You should also insulate the ceiling, walls and floor in the steam room. And only after that you can start facing them. The walls can be finished with wall tiles that imitate stone or brick. A high-quality board is suitable for the floor, the material for which will be larch, which is considered very useful for human health.

However, many people make it from ceramic tiles. She is chosen because she washes well and is not subject to mold.

However, the tile is a very cold material, therefore special wooden gratings are laid on top of it, which can be removed and dried after the procedures.

Setting up a steam room should be as simple as possible. This small room should be based on an oven. One of the best materials for its construction is stone or brick, which can be used at the same time. After all, a brick accumulates heat well, and a stone makes it possible to make the necessary steam.

Also in the steam room there are shelves in two or three tiers, located opposite the stove. Their installation takes place simultaneously with the installation of the walls.

The design of the furniture in the steam room is very simple and beautiful. It consists only of sun loungers, sometimes made in the form of wooden sofas and having comfortable backrests. A pair of stools and accessories can also complement the room. All furniture should be rounded to avoid sharp corners. Indeed, it is very slippery in the steam room, and hitting such a corner can injure yourself.

Since the windows in the steam room are small or not at all, it is necessary to make good artificial lighting. If it is installed correctly, then you can create an atmosphere in the steam room that will dispose the interlocutor to sincere conversations. The lighting should not be very bright, semi-darkness is preferred. Warm muted shades will do, which will only emphasize the calm atmosphere.

For this, one lamp will be enough. However, it must be positioned so that it does not interfere with steaming, for example, over the door. Today the lamps can be installed so as not to disturb the surroundings of the steam room. These can be lamps made of a wooden lampshade, and structures built into the wall, and specially insulated tapes. Also, lamps are often placed under the sun loungers, which creates a cozy atmosphere and does not interfere with enjoying the procedure.

The main thing is that the wiring and the light bulb itself are isolated from water and steam entering them. To do this, it is necessary to place the lamp in a housing made of stainless steel.

The wires must be carefully insulated, and the switch must be taken to another room.

When equipping a steam room, you need to take into account the peculiarities of this space. The main point is the equipment of a full-fledged drain. Any steam room should have a high-quality drain through which water flows. It must be equipped in such a way that the water drains towards the main pipe. It is through it that the water leaves the steam room. Despite the fact that many such a system seems more suitable for showers or sinks, it can be safely used in steam rooms.

By planning a complete sewer system it's worth working on this process from the beginning. To do this, you need to lay the pipe at the stage when the foundation is being created. Ideally, it should be taken out into a pit located at least three meters from the bath. Often this very pit is additionally laid out with bricks or dense concrete rings. The bottom in this case is laid out with gravel. All this guarantees reliable protection from the leakage of waste.

Another no less important point- thermal insulation. Nice steam room certainly must be high-quality insulated, and there are many ways to translate this idea into reality. This is also a high-quality foil coating, which, due to its subtlety, does not allow to build too dense finish, as well as mineral wool and other materials.

When choosing one type of insulation, it should be borne in mind that most of them react negatively to high levels of humidity. If so, then it is necessary to additionally waterproof the protective layer.

It is also important to take into account the presence of full and high-quality ventilation. This is very important detail... If the ventilation is poor, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to fully relax in the steam room. Instead of relaxation and rest, there may be headache and problems with the cardiovascular system.

Hoods, according to professionals, should be located at the top. The fact is that when the air heats up, the temperature rises first of all at the top. Therefore, it is in this area that the ventilation holes and supply vents are located. They must also be supplemented with special exhaust grilles. It is these structures that are responsible for ensuring that cool air enters the room.

In some cases, the owners of the steam rooms prefer to do with the fact that during the procedures they periodically open the doors or vents. It is easy to guess that this is not enough, and you cannot do without a full-fledged ventilation system. Its installation must be taken responsibly, and, if possible, the structure should be placed closer to the stove so that the cold air coming from the street immediately warms up, because cold air is contraindicated in such conditions.

Bath is an integral part of many cultures, including Russian. Each person who owns his own personal plot sooner or later thinks about building a bath. This is not just a tribute to an age-old tradition and a place for carrying out hygiene procedures, the bathhouse is also a place of relaxation. It is worth starting construction, having carefully planned everything, because in most cases the building should be compact.

Where to begin?

You should start by choosing a place for a bath. The size of 3x5 m is considered the most popular, which can fit even in a small area. It is worthwhile to take a responsible approach to the choice of a place for a bath, taking into account personal, aesthetic preferences, various norms and rules (including firefighters and sanitary and hygienic). The image below shows the minimum distances between objects within the boundaries of the parcel.

Immediately it is necessary to exclude places of shallow occurrence of groundwater. They are ideal for a well or borehole. They are not suitable for building a house or a bath. If your site borders on a reservoir, it makes sense to build a bathhouse closer to the shore, then you don't have to build a pool.

Which project should you choose?

In the era of technology and the Internet, everyone can choose a project that suits him perfectly. In most cases, they differ only in the internal layout. The first question to decide when choosing a plan is the combined or separate placement of the steam room and sink. Let's consider both options.

In the picture above, you can see the layout of a 3 by 5 bath with a joint steam room and sink. total area building area is 15 m / 2, the size of the steam room and dressing room is 9 and 6 sq. m.

The steam room contains:

shower area with drainage;
oven with a hot water tank;
bunk shelves.

Portable benches can be added if desired. The dressing room (aka the rest room) contains a set of tables and benches. It also includes a furnace firebox.

Two facts speak in favor of combining the steam room and the washing room:

with a small volume of space, the temperature and humidity change too sharply, which negatively affects the well-being of people;
the pores on the skin open up under the influence of high temperature, in the steam room and again close from the low temperature of the washing room; each subsequent run forces the skin to be steamed again; when these two rooms are combined, the skin does not cool down.

Now consider the option with a separate sink and steam room. The dressing room occupies 9 sq. m, the steam room is 4 sq. m, and the sink occupies 2 square meters. The size of this project is the same as the previous one (3x5 m), but there are already three rooms here. If desired, both options can be modified by moving the walls to one side or the other.

What else do you need in the bath?

Often in the baths you can find another room: a vestibule or an entrance hall. Its purpose is simple, but important enough. When leaving the dressing room on the street, warm air rushes into open door, which causes rapid cooling, the vestibule helps to avoid this. Here you can arrange a changing room, take off your outerwear, store a variety of bath utensils, dry firewood before use. The figure below shows an example of a 3 x 5 m bath with a vestibule.

Baths are not always one-story. Often, an attic is built as an additional floor, which is inferior in size to a bath. In Figure 4 you can see a staircase on attic floor... With a bath size of 3x5 m, the attic will be no more than 2.5 by 5 m. You can use it at your discretion. Terraces are attached to the bath, some of them have access to a reservoir (natural or artificial). It is not necessary to build a pool: you can build wooden font or buy a plastic one.

Interior decoration and layout

When you have already decided on the project, you need to think about the interior decoration of the bath. Steam room and sink are the main rooms of the bath. Regardless of whether you decide to place them together or separately, there must be shelves and stands (for the first room), a pallet, a sink and towel holders (for the second room). The stove should be located in the steam room, but kindling will come from the dressing room. In the dressing room, you can place a table and benches, shoe racks and hangers for outerwear.

Consider a few nuances of bath planning:

it is better to place the front door on the south side: there are fewer snowdrifts, the snow melts earlier;
windows should not be neglected: their main purpose is not lighting, but ventilation; the ideal option for windows for a steam room and a sink is 40x40 cm;
window openings are located on the west side due to the fact that the bath is usually used in the afternoon, the rays of the setting sun will help save electricity;
the vestibule is mandatory for buildings used all year round: if you wash in the bath only in the summer, its construction becomes unnecessary, which helps to save money;
it is better to lay out the concrete floor ceramic tiles and put several wooden bars so that your feet do not freeze;

the wooden floor needs to be made leaking to reduce moisture and facilitate its maintenance;
the simplest and economical way interior decoration baths - lining;
do not neglect thermal insulation, choose breathable materials;
for interior decoration, it is better to choose deciduous trees: conifers release resin when heated;
a ventilation plan for the room should be developed in advance.

Erection of the foundation

The foundation is the first stage of any construction. For a bath, a tape or columnar type is often chosen. The choice depends on the composition of the soil at the construction site. Clay and fine sand suggest the construction of a monolithic strip foundation if the soil is predominantly stony with coarse sand, a columnar foundation is erected. If the site has a high groundwater level, it is better to choose a foundation on screw piles: this will be more reliable. All three types of foundations must be erected following the recommendations for their construction in order to increase their strength and service life.

What to build walls from?

There are many materials for building walls. The main ones are:

wood;
brick;
cinder block;
foam block;
aerated concrete.

Wood

A real Russian bath should be made of wood (as many believe). Someone immediately buys a ready-made log house with installation, so as not to waste time on the project and construction. Others choose timber or rounded logs. In any case, to the construction wooden bath need to be treated responsibly. Wood is exposed to various atmospheric conditions, has drying and swelling properties.

Here, in addition to choosing the tree itself, you need to take care of various antiseptic and fire-fighting impregnations.

Brick

A brick bath has several advantages. The main thing is a long service life, since brickwork much thicker in relation to wooden walls... The thermal conductivity of bricks is much higher; thermal insulation requires a more detailed approach. The brick structure looks presentable, it may not require external finishing.

Blocks

Cinder block, foam block, aerated concrete and many other materials popular for construction are suitable for building a bath no worse than an array and brick. They have less thermal conductivity than bricks and take less time to build walls.

After the construction of the walls, it is necessary to take care of heat and waterproofing in order to exclude dampness, drafts and cooling of the premises.

Roof

The roof is the final stage in the construction of the bathhouse. It can be made one- or two-slope, ordinary or mansard type. The attic is preferable: it can be used to store bath accessories, it retains heat better. Rafter system assembled on the ground, installed on walls in finished form, or erected directly on site. The choice of lathing depends directly on the coverage.

For shingles, metal tiles and flat slate, you need solid lathing, for the rest it is suitable with a distance of up to 25 cm between the boards.

When drawing up a project for facilities intended for the adoption of water and air procedures with an increased temperature regime, it is necessary to take into account the set technological subtleties... First of all, the space inside must be correctly delimited. The layout of the 4x4 bath deserves special attention, since such structures are square in shape, which causes some difficulty in the preparation of documentation.

Indoor areas

Most often, such a design includes three or four compartments: a washing part, a steam room, a recreation area and a dressing room, which acts as a thermal boundary between the street and the interior space. The listed premises are able to create comfortable conditions for holding bathing events. In each of them, it is recommended to make a low lintel and a high threshold so that the heat does not go away quickly.

Twin room

The most interesting thing is that the layout of the 4 by 4 bathhouse allows you to make this compartment quite spacious, but its area should not exceed 4-5 square meters, otherwise the efficiency of the facility will significantly decrease. Exceeding the above dimensions will also lead to a loss of comfort.

The side planes of the room and the ceiling are usually finished with wooden clapboard, since it is environmentally friendly and has good aesthetic characteristics. A grooved board is most often laid on the floor.
It is recommended to place benches and shelves on different levels , thanks to this it will be possible not only to improve appearance but also improve functionality. Indeed, depending on the height, you can select the desired temperature regime.
It is quite possible to stylize the interior by placing graceful hangers for brooms and towels.... A certain chic will help to give beautiful handles on doors with an original frame.
As a rule, very small windows are made in such rooms or they are completely absent. therefore availability is only welcome. It is best to use small lamps with a soft glow.

Attention!
Any plan of a 4x4 bath should provide for a separate steam room, since the dimensions of the building allow this to be done.
The combination of compartments is appropriate if the area of the object does not exceed 15 square meters.

Washing department

This room is intended for receiving water procedures, therefore it is distinguished by high humidity, which means that it requires good ventilation. This part of the bath in many cases connects the steam room and the relaxation area.

This layout option is quite convenient during operation.

As finishing material most often speaks tile , because it serves for a very long time and washes well. The floor is usually laid with timber gratings, the price of which is relatively low.
It is impossible to do without water in the washing room, therefore, at the design stage, the location of the main pipelines is determined... It is advisable to locate the room exactly from the side of the main sources.
There should be various shops and shelves inside, on which you can place hygiene items and containers for taking water procedures (scoops, basins and bowls).

Note!
When the planning of baths 4 by 4 m is carried out, very often washing department coincides with the dimensions of the steam room, since the dividing wall is installed strictly in the center of the main partition, located perpendicularly.

Rest zone

It is unlikely that it will be possible to create a full-fledged relaxation room in such a small building, because a changing room is also needed. However, it is quite possible to combine it with this zone.

In most cases, a room is formed by erecting a solid wall from the side of the door.

You can decorate a relaxation room in any style., however, a pleasant atmosphere should always reign in it. It is better to make the lighting soft and diffused so as not to strain your eyesight.
In a similar room are benches and hangers for things., since the same compartment serves as a dressing room. Additionally, a table with comfortable chairs is installed here.
Pine or spruce lumber is used as cladding which, under normal temperature conditions, have a positive effect on the human body.

Important!
If a 4 by 4 baths plan is drawn up without assistance, then the square shape of the object must be taken into account.
In some cases, very narrow rooms are obtained that are inconvenient to use.

Compartment in front of the entrance

It is always advisable to arrange, which does not take up much space, but performs the most important function, which is to reduce heat losses. This type of room is always located at the entrance door to the building. Depending on the square of the object, its size may vary.

Furnace location

Any instructions for designing a bath must contain information about the location heating structure... Specific information is reflected in the norms of SNiP 41-01-2003, which clearly states that such structures should be protected with thermally resistant materials, especially if it comes about wood. As for efficiency issues, the stove must be installed so that it heats several rooms at once.

additional information

When you plan to build a bath with your own hands, first of all, the common space should be correctly divided, then there will be no discomfort during operation. You need to evaluate all the factors that can affect the final result. You can learn more about preparatory by watching the video in this article.

The Russian bath is not only a wellness procedure, but also a good tradition of joint relaxation with family or friends. It's hard to imagine Vacation home without a bath. Build it yourself on your site in the highest degree honorable. Let's dwell on the layout of 4x6 m with a separate sink and a steam room.

Peculiarities

The optimal size of the bath on the land plot is 4x6 m. This volume of the room allows you to equip a place for rest, so that several people can steam at the same time. The layout of the bath must include a dressing room, a steam room and a washing room. It is preferable to divide the bath with partitions into three rooms so that they are effectively heated and retain heat.

Separate steam room and shower room separate wet and dry steam rooms. You can also make a recreation room separate from the vestibule, put it in a washing shower cabin: make a traditional bathhouse comfortable in a modern way.

In addition to the internal premises, it is necessary to include in the project a ventilation duct and sewer ducts, hot and cold water, the ability to use electricity, and take into account the norms fire safety.

Projects

Before drawing up a plan, you need to choose the right site and soil for construction. For fire safety purposes, it is undesirable to attach a bath room directly to the house. For building and finishing works materials that are resistant to high temperatures should be selected. Building a separate bath is quite costly, but comfortable and safe.

To select a reliable area on the site, it is worth conducting a geological survey and proceeding from this data when drawing up drawings and laying the foundation.

Let's note the main nuances when choosing a place:

The most convenient place on a hill: so dirty water will leave the bath by gravity.
Wet areas with possible groundwater are best avoided immediately.
The distance to the well or the nearest body of water must be at least 5m.
The nearest residential building should not be closer than 8 m.
The bathhouse should be located as far as possible from the toilet (if it is outside) and compost.

The type of soil determines the design of the bath foundation. Most often, foundations with a small deepening are used: strip (in areas with sandy soil) and columnar type. Before construction, you need to free the site by digging it up from bushes, roots, small stones.

As a rule, a 6x4 m bathhouse does not require a deep foundation. But in each case, it is necessary to take into account the soil, groundwater and the percentage of soil freezing.

Room size standards

The dimensions of the bath windows can be 40x60 or 70x80 cm, the window in the washing room should be placed higher. The front door should be made small and low so that the heat does not go outside. It is better to place the inner doors perpendicularly to avoid drafts and colds (at a short distance from each other). Ceiling height standards vary minimally: from 2.1 to 2.4 m. The volume of premises can be planned in different ways, it all depends on the needs of the owners and the number of rooms.

Steam room

Do not make it too narrow so that the bath does not overheat quickly. It is not difficult to calculate the minimum size, based on the number of people who can steam at the same time: 1 m - sitting place, 2.2 - recumbent. Number of seats + space for the stove + a small passage to the shelves. The distance from the oven to the shelves should be at least 20-30 cm. The upper tier should be at least 115 cm from the ceiling.

Washing

The optimal volume of the washroom is 1.5x1.5 m.If you allocate a little more space for it, there will be enough space for a shower cabin of 1.2x1.2 m and trestle beds.

Restroom

The ratio of volumes of warm and cool rooms varies according to the wishes of the owners. The option with a spacious steam room, shower and a small dressing room is possible, or with the most spacious relaxation room and a separate dressing room.

Walls

A significant area of the bath is occupied by walls and piers. Therefore, the dimensions of the premises will have to be calculated carefully and several times. In practice, the interior space remains much less, if you do not take into account the thickness of all partitions and cushioning materials in the drawing.

Oven selection and location

The heating of each room depends on the type and power of the stove. Therefore, it is important to choose a suitable stove for the desired volume of premises (especially a steam room). The best materials for sauna stove- brick or metal. A brick oven heats up more slowly, cools down longer, so it takes less fuel. However, it is not easy to fold such a structure; a master stove-maker should do this.

The metal oven is easy to make yourself. Enough basic skills in working with a grinder and welding machine... It is better suited for a sauna with a small steam room. Stoves are divided into electric and wood-burning (you can heat coal, fuel oil or gas). Wood stoves authentic, but electric ovens are easier to install and maintain.

The most economical option for a sauna with a separate sink and a steam room is a sauna heater.

If the bath does not provide for other heating, except for the stove, it must be installed so that it heats several rooms at once. The universal layout of the stove is with a door towards the dressing room. Then there will be a heater inside the steam room, and a container with water in the washing room.

This is the most convenient option in operation: the firebox is located in the center of the bath and heats up all the rooms:

The most heat should be in the steam room.
Slightly lower - in a ventilated washroom (in a humid and hot room it is more difficult to breathe, which can be dangerous for people with heart and lung diseases).
Moderate warming up in a cool dressing room.

In addition to the location and dimensions of the premises, it is worth considering the internal work in advance. For example, how and how tightly to insulate the walls. The thinner the material, the more internal insulation it requires. A bath from a bar must be laid during construction; for a log building, inter-row insulation is enough. In a brick bath, you should definitely fill the space between the walls of the masonry; outside, you can insulate with plates or foam.

In no case should the foam be used indoors: it becomes toxic when heated.

Floor insulation is of great importance. Wooden logs are used as the basis for flooring in the bath, or concrete plates overlap. The flooring itself is made of expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, foamed polymers or glass wool.

The distance from the stove to the walls and shelves is important, which depends on the type of stove and the dimensions of the premises.

The chimney can be indoor or outdoor. In the Russian bath, internal structures are more popular, which do not violate the architectural appearance of the building. It can be assembled from metal, ceramic or brick pipes. At the junction of the pipe and ceiling, impose thermal insulation material, an anti-storm protection is installed over the chimney. An insulating plug is placed on the roof.

Interior decoration can be different depending on the needs and tastes of the owners. It helps maintain temperature and prevents burns. The main thing is that the materials are hygienic and heat-resistant. For a steam room, it is better to give preference to deciduous wood species. They do not emit resin; conifers are well suited for washing and dressing rooms. Loungers in the steam room, shower and trestle beds in the washing room are installed based on the calculation of the volume of the premises. Electricity, ventilation and sewerage are supplied to the premises at the end of the construction.

Materials (edit)

Before drawing up a project for a future bath, it is necessary to decide on the materials for construction. Basic requirements for materials: environmental friendliness, resistance to weather conditions and temperature extremes. The best choice for a bath - brick or more traditional wood. The choice also depends on the climate of the area and the soil.

It is cheaper to buy material in bulk, after asking about the quality and origin of the wood. Before starting construction, all materials must be dried in the sun. Their moisture content should not exceed 8%.

Wooden bath can be assembled from a ready-made frame, built from logs or beams. The log bath does not require additional insulation. The construction of beams must be laid with linen after each row so that the structure is airtight. Wooden roof can be covered with a corrugated sheet, it can also be metal tiles.

Brick baths are less common, but more durable and do not require constant maintenance. The cost of wooden and brick baths is about the same. For the construction of walls, red or clay bricks are better suited, for laying stoves and interior decoration - fireclay. For windows and doors are preferred wood materials... They are the most reliable and durable.

Another significant advantage of wood is environmental friendliness. When heated for a long time, it does not emit toxic substances, unlike PVC windows.

Internal organization

With the same dimensions (4x6 or 6x4 m), you can plan the location of partitions, windows and doors in different ways. Before dividing the building with partitions, they think over the location of windows and doors. The universal option is Entrance door in the southern wall (in the south, snow melts first and fewer snowdrifts). The windows of cold rooms face the west, because the bath is often used in the afternoon, and the sun hits the windows from the west.

It is better to separate the tambour and the rest room. This will help avoid drafts. The rest room, where you can undress, relax and chat after taking water procedures, can occupy up to half of the entire area of the bath. Comfortable benches, chairs or stools are placed here. You can even put in the dressing room upholstered furniture, but you need to choose it very carefully, giving preference to a material that is resistant to temperature extremes. A sauna stove with a fireplace module is well suited for a spacious restroom.