What can you cook from squid: quick and tasty

When erecting a sauna building, it is necessary to take into account the smallest detail, since a comfortable stay and the safety of people resting in it depend on it. As far as the quality of the bathhouse inside is thought out, it will last for so long.

When arranging bath rooms, you need to pay attention to many factors - building materials, temperature, humidity, lighting, ventilation, interior. The fact is that only a bathhouse, built in compliance with technology and taking into account all the nuances, will turn out to be reliable and durable.

Arrangement of the foundation

The very first stage, with which the construction of a bath begins, is the construction of a foundation, the quality of which is reflected in the life of the building. The foundation can be made in various ways, which depends on the soil on which the building will be erected, and on its parameters.

Since the baths are not built in large sizes, and the materials for the walls do not weigh much, the installation of a foundation for them from solid reinforced concrete slabs is not advisable. It is better to stay on a tape or on a columnar version of the base.

Strip foundation

It is used in the construction of a bath on dry soil with bedding groundwater at great depths.

This method has advantages:

Due to the implementation of a monolithic fill around the entire perimeter of the building, a sufficient degree of strength and reliability is provided.
The thermal insulation characteristics of the floor structure elements are enhanced, which ultimately reduces heating costs.
there are opportunities to implement additional functions, for example, you can build an underground or cellar for storing bath accessories.

The strip base shown in the photo is laid in the following sequence:

using pegs and ropes on a previously prepared area, mark the location of the walls;
dig a trench 50 centimeters deep, the width of which should exceed the thickness of the walls by 10 centimeters. The foundation for the installation of internal partitions can be equipped at the same level with the walls, since they are not assigned a load-bearing function, and they will not be the basis for lags;
at the bottom of the trench, a 20-centimeter pillow is made from compacted gravel;
in place of future walls, formwork is mounted from wooden planks a height above the soil level by at least 20 centimeters.
reinforced rods are placed inside the formwork, thereby increasing the strength of the concrete. Then a mixture is poured, consisting of cement, river sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 3: 5.
keep the time until the solution completely hardens. To achieve the greatest strength, during the drying process, the concrete should be watered and covered with a polyethylene film.

Columnar base

This version of the foundation, when the bath is being installed, allows you to save money. It can be done on different types of soil.

The advantages of a columnar base for a bath building:

the low cost of the work is achieved due to the fact that there is no need to fill the foundation around the entire perimeter - the columns are made only in certain places;
there is a possibility of installation, both in lowlands and on slopes, as well as in swampy areas.

The sequence of work is similar to how when creating a strip base with one difference - not the entire perimeter is poured, but only the pits prepared under the joints of the pit walls.

There is another, faster and more economical way of arranging a pile foundation:

They make markings, dig holes in accordance with the diameter of the asbestos pipes.
Pipes are inserted into the ground and concrete is poured into them.

Bath layout

When a Russian bath is being built, its design should be reflected in the pouring of the foundation. This applies to all rooms, taking into account their size.

The main premises of the bath buildings are:

steam room;
washing;
dressing room.

As additional structures and premises, you can equip:

half;
attic;
utility block.

Steam room

If a bath is being set up, a steam room device assumes the presence of:

stoves-heaters;
shelves for rest;
containers with water.

A tank filled with water is used if a steam room is being implemented in a Russian bath, and not in a sauna.

Washing room

When designing a bath building, you need to calculate the dimensions of the washing room based on the fact that to ensure a comfortable stay for one person you need square meter space. Based on this, it turns out that 5-6 "squares" will be enough, although this parameter depends on the number of family members and guests who come to take a steam bath.

The functionality of the washing compartment can be significantly increased by installing:

shower stall;
plumbing;
washing machine.

With a room size of 1.8x1.8 meters, a massage couch will fit in it.

Dressing room

Depending on the area, the dressing room device can consist of a dressing room or a fully equipped guest room.

Basic requirements for the premises:

One person should have 1.3 "squares" of space with a wall length of at least one meter.
To reduce heat loss, window openings should be made as small as possible.
The following pieces of furniture should be installed - table with chairs, hangers, shoe racks, etc.

The main purpose of the dressing room:

Opportunity to change and prepare for the steam room.
Availability of conditions for comfortable rest and communication after taking the procedures.
Ensuring free movement during preparation for the operation of the bath.

Wood for bath walls

Thanks to modern technologies, during the construction of a bath, you can use the most different materials for walls. Most often they are erected from wood, and this has been happening for many centuries. Usually cylindrical logs or beams are chosen. The last version of them is more convenient to use and weighs less.

Advantages of wood:

Low thermal conductivity. When deciding how to equip a steam room in a Russian bath, many opt for this material (read: "").
Ecological cleanliness.
Pleasant aroma of natural wood.
Strength.
Aesthetic look.

But we should not forget about the lack of cheap wood species - it is "afraid" of high humidity. This disadvantage can be eliminated by using antiseptics.

Bath walls made of foam concrete

This material has the following advantages:

Low price, due to which this construction option is budgetary. With limited funding, this is the perfect solution.
Low thermal conductivity.
Light weight - aerated concrete has a slight load on the foundation. The product can be stacked by one person, which simplifies installation work.
Fire safety.
Water resistance.

Disadvantages include unattractive appearance, therefore, an external decorative cladding will be required.

Brick walls of bath buildings

When erecting a brick building, a durable, reliable and practical bath is obtained, which can, if desired, be combined with the household block of households. True, the cost of such a bath building will turn out to be rather big. At the same time, the device of a steam room in a brick bath has its own characteristics.

Additional structures and premises in the bath

To increase the functionality of the bath, equip:

Polati... The ceiling can be redesigned. To do this, over the steam room and washing department floor 30mm tongue and groove boards. A ladder is mounted to them, and comfortable mattresses are laid on top. In the resulting place, it will be possible to spend the night or partially arrange the rest in the bath.
Attic... When there are no other buildings on the suburban area, a good option would be to build a bath with attic floor, where the guest room, bedroom and kitchen will fit perfectly. As a result, a place will appear where there are conditions for living until the house is built. If there are a large number of guests, they can be placed in the attic. Also on the second floor they put, for example, a billiard table. In the attic, it is necessary to provide high-quality ventilation, since in the summer it will be impossible to be there when the furnace is kindling.
Household block... It is a small extension with all the necessary communications, including water supply and sewerage. Thanks to their presence, it is possible to place a bathroom here. This is especially convenient when children visit the steam room in winter.
Kitchen... If a kitchen area is equipped, this will unload the residential building.

Features of installing a water tank

One of important decisions you can name the choice of how the steam room will be used, or rather, what kind of steam is planned in it - dry or wet. If it must be wet, then a Russian bath device will be required. To do this, a water tank is installed in the steam room, which will significantly increase the humidity level in the room.

If dry procedures are preferred, then the tank should be placed in the next room and connected to the stove using a heat exchanger.

Building a bath house

The steam room can also be installed in the house. But such a decision cannot be called unambiguous. On the one hand, it will be possible to save on the construction of the foundation and an additional source of heat will appear in the building. But on the other hand, a fire hazardous facility will be equipped in a residential building and the level of humidity will increase.

For our compatriots, the Russian bath is a symbol of relaxation. Apart from their medicinal properties in it you can have a good time with friends and talk about hot topics in a relaxed atmosphere. If you like such a pastime, then you can build it on your site, but in this case, you need to know well the structure of the steam room in the Russian bath. It is about her that we will conduct a dialogue in this article.

The steam room is the heart of the bath, it will determine what mood its visitors will get. The peculiarity of the Russian bath in question is that it has a different quality of steam and temperature compared to others. For example, if in a Finnish sauna there is dry steam with a temperature of about 110 degrees and a humidity of only 15%, then in a Russian sauna the temperature is 60 with the same humidity.

Steam room device

Although the steam room is an important element in the bath, its design is simple and does not require technical innovations. The main thing is to calculate the number of shelves and the oven, because it is she who provides the desired temperature.

The future owners of such buildings can install such ovens:

Brick. They heat up slowly and cool down quickly. Well suited for lovers of a traditional steam room. The resulting air is dry and light;
Metallic. This type of oven heats up and cools down quickly and can also cause burns;
Electrical. This modern devices that do not need to be melted with wood, but, unfortunately, they cool quickly, and their price "bites";
Stone. Almost the same as brick, but more reliable. If you build a stove from soapstone, then it will have high energy efficiency. It must be said that capital costs for the construction of such a heat source will be high.

Another important question- arrangement of shelves in the Russian bath. Experts advise making them from wooden slats, while leaving space between them for water to drain. Otherwise, they may start to rot.

It is better to use aspen as a raw material for slats. Shelves are attached to the walls or to the floor.

Important. Do not use coniferous trees for finishing or building elements of the steam room, because they contain resins that will be released when heated and smell unpleasant.

Ceiling, walls and floor

At the very beginning, you need to decide on the future size of the steam room, it should accommodate three or four visitors. Moreover, it should not be too large or small, the ideal option is an area of 2 * 2.5 with a ceiling height of 2 meters. Such a steam room device in a Russian bath will be the most economical and convenient.

Think for yourself, because if it is large, it will be difficult to heat it, and if it is small, it will be cramped and inconvenient.

Typically, for the construction of walls can be used:

Bars made of linden or aspen;
Brick;
Glued laminated timber;
Cinder block, etc.

In the future, if required, such walls can be additionally insulated with mineral wool or other heat insulators.

By doing interior decoration you need to make sure that the boards do not have unwanted cracks and splinters. Moreover, they should not be impregnated with varnishes, impregnations and similar substances. Only natural wood is suitable for these works, and the cladding itself is made according to the principle of a thorn-groove overlapping, because this way you can avoid the appearance of gaps.

Now let's consider the device of floors in a Russian bath. It can be covered with tiles or wood. In the event that you want to make a wooden floor, it is best to purchase larch planks. The masters-bath attendants note that such a floor need not be insulated, since heat losses through the floor less than ten percent, but waterproofing is required.

In contrast, it needs thermal insulation work, because according to statistics, up to seventy percent of the heat goes through it.

Windows and doors

These elements are a special conversation. Special requirements are imposed on them, since a large heat leak occurs through them.

The building instructions say that the door is made small so that a person can enter, but not let off steam. In this case, a high threshold (up to thirty centimeters) and is fulfilled. If we talk about the location, then it is best to place it next to the stove. When installing it, you need to make it open inward.

The material can be wood and glass, but you need to be careful with the latter so as not to damage it. Despite the fact that it can give the interior a unique charm, it is impossible to insulate such a door, unlike a wooden one.

Important. Do not install locks and bolts in the bath, because the high temperature can jam them.
The door should open and close freely.

Not necessary because lighting from small window not enough and you still have to do the backlight. This also applies to ventilation. But if you nevertheless decide to install a window, then you need to do a deaf and with small size... The ideal place to install is a small height, because there is cool air.

Ventilation and lighting

The creation of a ventilation system requires special attention. Its main task is to remove steam and supply fresh air, while not giving off heat. It is best to use supply and exhaust ducts for this.

It is better to equip windows for air intake next to the stove a little higher than the floor level, and the hood as close as possible to the ceiling and opposite. Typically, the exhaust port is double the intake port.

Due to the fact that windows are undesirable, it is better to do interior lighting. The light should not be very bright, twilight is what you need. The ideal place to install the lamp is above the door, so it will not hit the eyes and interfere with the steam bath. In addition, you can install lighting under the shelves below, the light will be scattered and illuminate the entire floor area.

The wiring itself is pulled into corrugated tubes and fixed to the walls. Do not do hidden styling, as if it fails, you will have to spoil the wall upholstery. It is strictly forbidden to install switches in the steam room; they are installed in the dressing room.

Conclusion

In this article, we examined how to equip a steam room in a Russian bath with our own hands. As you can see, there are enough small nuances here, but if you show perseverance and patience, and also adopt advice, then you will succeed. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

The steam room is the main room for the Russian bath. The health-improving effect of the bath procedure depends entirely on how competently it is constructed. The steam room must be able to withstand high temperatures and be comfortable.

Proper ventilation is also required. Warming and decorative trim steam rooms of the Russian bath are also very important components of construction.

We select the right material for covering the steam room

First of all, you need to choose the right materials for the steam room. Its internal cladding is usually made of wood. If you have a log sauna from a log house, then all of it need not be sheathed.

The process of building a log house involves only rough processing of logs and often does not meet the requirements of modern aesthetics. Based on this, it is necessary to ennoble the steam room with thin wooden slats or, as the builders call them, clapboard.

Most often, the interior decoration of the steam room on its own is made from deciduous wood - aspen, linden, maple and alder. Linden is especially good in this respect, therefore it is the most common material for covering steam rooms.

In general, there is an important principle that the finishing technology contains: it is recommended to use wood with the lowest density, since it heats up weaker and slower.

A very popular way of decorating the steam room with your own hands is cedar, from the boards of which all resinous substances are removed. For those who are not afraid of the high cost of work and the same prices for the material, we can recommend sheathing it with an African abashi tree. This tree species keeps the temperature of the human body even in extreme heat (+ 100 ° C and above).

But it should be warned that lumber from deciduous wood species in conditions of high humidity and high temperatures quickly darken. And experts generally do not recommend decorating the steam room with beech, elm and oak.

Advice from the master!

Conifers are used not only for facing the dressing room and sink, they are also, although much less often, used for facing the steam room. Mostly northern pine. The scent of its pine needles creates a pleasant aroma. And the resinous substances released from the walls during the heating of the brick stove-heater during operation do not bother the bathers.

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Double compartment cladding technology

The arrangement of a steam room in a Russian bath is quite simple: a rectangular or square room of small size, with a stove in one of its corners. The room is equipped with sun loungers in two or three tiers on the wall opposite from the stove. The room is constantly exposed to very high temperatures and humidity, so it must be equipped so as not to burn, but not to release heat and steam either.

Based on this, the finishing of the steam room involves the arrangement of a vapor barrier in it. It is needed to protect the walls from moisture. In its capacity, you can use plastic wrap or aluminum foil.

You can also buy special rolls polymer materials so-called "diffusion membranes". You can find out how they look by looking at specialized sites such materials as finishing the steam room of a Russian bath: photo.

First, the ceiling and walls are covered with a layer of insulating material. It will reduce heat loss and keep the room high.

It is recommended to use mineral-based insulation, they have good biological resistance. The thickness of the insulating layer is selected based on the design features of the walls. It is forbidden to use polystyrene, PVC and other materials that can emit harmful substances when heated or have a tendency to swell.

It is especially necessary to insulate the ceiling:

Roll paper should be the first layer on it. When finishing the steam room, fasten its panels with an overlap with each other with a sufficient allowance.
The second layer is thermal insulation - mineral wool.
The third layer is a vapor barrier material. As such, it is impossible to use materials based on bitumen - glassine, roofing material, roofing felt, they will smell unpleasant when heated.

Among other things, when a steam room is being arranged in a Russian bath, a high threshold (30 cm) must be built at the entrance to it. He will not let go warm air and will prevent the penetration of cold.

The very trimming of the steam room with clapboard is slightly different from the cladding of other rooms in the bath - not only by the choice of material, but also by the installation technology itself. Indeed, due to the heat and high humidity, the lining wood will still expand and move, and therefore, when fastening, it must be left with at least a small gap - this is just one of the subtleties of the whole process. And in more detail, how you can finish the steam room with your own hands, this article will tell you.

Rules for the selection of finishing materials

High-quality interior decoration of the steam room involves two main crucial steps: choosing a finishing material that would tolerate constant temperature changes well, and insulation that is absolutely safe for humans in such conditions.

So, not all materials can be used in the steam room due to its special temperature and humidity period. For example, mineral wool boards, fiberboard and chipboard become especially toxic when heated, and also quickly absorb moisture, swell and deteriorate. Linoleum will rot at all ... But all this can be safely used for a rest room, where there is no such humidity and no hot. The finishing material for the steam room can only be lining, block house, tiles or stones.

Why is the clapboard most often chosen as the decoration for the steam room? It's simple: freshly heated wood will always emit a valuable natural aroma, does not burn and makes the design of the steam room expensive and noble. As for aspen as a finishing material, its main advantage is its low price and the ability, as our great-grandfathers still believed, “to take negative energy”. Almost all diseases in Russia were treated with aspen - and even fever, and therefore the baths were built mainly from it (although sometimes the bath attendants complain that the lining of aspen "leads"). Linden, as a finishing material, is liked by many, first of all, because it is light and smells good. But those steam rooms that were covered with alder look light, beautiful and give a pleasant aroma.

Pine is traditionally not used for covering steam rooms - due to the fact that at high temperatures it emits resin. After all, it is worth remembering that a large amount of resinous substances in a fried steam room are already carcinogens. But it is still possible to attach a lining made of this wood to the ceiling, and many do it - if you only choose the material itself of high quality and without knots, then even at a temperature of 85 ° C it remains clean. This is a grade A lining, in which there are no knots, and, therefore, no pockets with resins. What is this all for? And so that with a lining, neutral in terms of smell, on the walls in the steam room, a pleasant smell of pine needles is created. Plus fir brooms - a real SPA in Russian!

By the way, steam rooms decorated with salt stone are also very beautiful. And the procedure itself is extremely beneficial to health: even the pressure is normalized, the mood, according to reviews, after such bath procedures is just wonderful.

Step-by-step finishing technology

So, the finishing of the steam room consists of the following main stages:

Thermal and waterproofing of walls, ceilings and floors;
Rough and final flooring;
Ceiling paneling;
Wall cladding;
Installation of shelves and bathroom furniture.

The second main requirement for the arrangement of the steam room and its finishing materials is to ensure complete fire safety... That is why basalt wool is so preferable as a heater and insulator for wooden surfaces near the stove and chimney.

As for the finishing of the floor in the steam room, it is usually raised to a level higher than 15-20 cm than that of other rooms in the bath. So in the steam room then it is warmer and less drafts. The floor itself in the steam room is usually tiled - it is not afraid of moisture and is easy to clean. And on top of it, a linden grate is traditionally placed - and such a floor will never rot.

Stage I. Adaptation of wood to the microclimate of the room

To be good high-quality lining from the very first days "did not lead", it is important to first "acclimate" to the room where it will be installed. It is easy to do: bring it in, spread it out, and start installation only in a day.

If it turns out that the walls in the bathhouse with drops, they need to be leveled before installing the lining, otherwise the slats will be on different levels.

Stage II. Preparation for repair work

Here's what you need to fix the lining in the bath:

Lining;
Perforator;
Wooden bars 40x50 mm;
Screwdriver;
Vapor barrier and insulation;
Construction stapler;
Hammer;
Building level;
Self-tapping screws and cleats.

And themselves assembly work begin when the electrician and all the necessary communications have already been installed in the bath.

Stage III. Installation of battens and insulation

So, first you need to install a crate made of wood - for this, the suspensions are attached 60-60 cm to each other, with 60 mm self-tapping screws. The slats are usually installed at a distance of 50-100 cm from each other. Using self-tapping screws, we attach the bars to the suspensions, and the extreme bars are installed first, the position of which must be carefully checked with a plumb line and level. Further, the mounting thread is fixed on them and the rest of the rails are fixed with self-tapping screws.

If nails are used for finishing with clapboard, then only high-quality ones need to be taken - after all, at high temperatures they may simply not withstand, and the clapboard will collapse.

Next, cover the mounted crate with an anti-fungal primer and let it dry. Only after that we put insulation - between the wall and the crate, and a vapor barrier - for this we already use a construction stapler. By the way, many people use basalt wool as a heater for the walls of the steam room - it does not burn, does not rot and does not emit dangerous chemical substances, withstands up to 1500˚С.

Expert advice: to put or not to put a crate under the lining - this question sounds quite often. The answer is quite simple: if the walls are perfectly flat, then, in principle, there is no need to put the crate. But if there is a difference of at least one centimeter, all the jambs will be in full view.

Stage IV. Fastening the lining

At this stage, the room is traditionally measured and the lining is cut according to how it will be attached. And it will be possible to fasten it with nails, and staples, and inconspicuous clamps - here already who prefers what. Only in the castle itself will it need to be attached to wooden blocks with nails - but they will not be visible. The only thing: clamps take a lot of time and require special skill.

The lining of the steam room should be started from the stove - namely from fire protection walls, if it is a steam room, and from the door, if another room of the bath is being finished. We go around the room around the perimeter, cutting the last board as needed.

The lining is nailed onto the doorway with the help of bars. If the layout of the steam room itself assumes the presence of a window, you need to act like this: window slopes initially, the starting strip is screwed, we insert the lining into the groove with one end, with the other - we nail it to the interior decoration of the bath.

Another important point: the ventilation gap between the lining and the foil must be done so that the lining itself does not rot on its back side and does not start mold. So that the lining does not come into direct contact with the floor and water, a row of tiles is glued on the wall from the floor - it turns out neatly and stylishly.

Stage V. Processing lining

Special protective impregnations make the bath lining more durable and allow it to look like new for a long time. Supi Saunasuoya is suitable for the steam room, and Tikkurila's Supi Laudesuoya is suitable for the ceilings. The lining for the steam room will need to be impregnated once, and for the washing and dressing room - twice. Good feedback See also the new Teknola wax, which has been specially developed for saunas - it can be used to cover cuttings in the steam room and give the impression that they are covered with plastic.

Before impregnating the lining with a special tool, it is advisable to sand it with a regular sandpaper... So there will be roughness imperceptible to the eye, thanks to which the protective composition will lie evenly and tenaciously. Moreover, it is necessary to impregnate the lining on both sides, then giving it the opportunity to dry well for at least two days.

That's the whole technology - who can fail to cope with it? But the result will exceed all expectations - whatever you say, and the lining in the bath always looks 100%!

Steam room in the bath - arrangement on your own

The question of how to make a steam room in a bath is more than relevant and this is not surprising, since a real bath is impossible in principle without a steam room. The comfort and safety of the sauna operation largely depends on how well the steam room is made.

So, can a steam room for a bath be made independently, or is it still necessary to invite specialists who, for a certain fee, will cope with the task at hand?

Stages of arrangement

Sauna with a steam room and a sink, built on its own on summer cottage or near country house, it's not that uncommon.

The construction of this facility is a phased work, including the following points:

Project development;
Warming;
Carrying out finishing works;
Installation of oven and shelves;
Door installation.

Design

Any construction with your own hands begins with design. This stage determines how easy-to-use the bath you have built will be.

Correctly planned location of the stove in the steam room, the presence of ventilation, the optimally selected ceiling height, the remoteness of the bath shelves from the stove and many other points should be reflected in the project. The use of standard bath designs is complicated by the fact that the location of the steam room is indicated there and nothing more.

Important: the steam room project must take into account the maximum number of potential visitors.

The standard dimensions of the steam room in the bath are 2 x 2.4 meters, which is enough to comfortably accommodate 2-3 people. The height of the room should be no more than 2.2 and at least 2 meters, so that a tall person can use the steam room almost without bending over.

Thermal insulation

A well-executed project of a steam room bath is not a guarantee that you will be provided with the required comfort. Taking into account the fact that the optimal effect of being in a steam room is achieved due to the high temperature, it is important to take care of high-quality thermal insulation of the room. Thermal insulation is of two types: the one that is carried out at the construction stage of the bath and the one that is carried out during the implementation of the complex of finishing works.

If a bath with a separate steam room is built from a bar, we must use a mezhventsovy heater, such as a jute tape, for example. At the end of the construction of the walls, caulking of the bath cracks and sealing of the overhangs are performed.

Wood is initially characterized by a low degree of thermal conductivity, in addition, the “thorn in the groove” connection, used in the construction of walls from a bar, provides optimal tightness. But only high-quality insulation will allow you to quickly raise the temperature in the steam room to optimal parameters and keep it for a long time.

In order to reduce to zero possible heat loss, when designing a pair room, it is necessary to abandon windows. Instead of windows, you can use artificial lighting, the brightness of which can be matched to your preference.

Carrying out finishing works

The decoration of the steam room in the bath is a very important point, taking into account the high temperatures and high humidity parameters that are typical for a steam room. In addition, at the stage of finishing work, it is necessary to establish lighting in the steam room of the bath. Regardless of the type of building as a whole, the twin compartment is sheathed with wood from the inside.

The main requirements for the finishing material in this case are:

compliance with environmental safety standards;
low pore structure;
resistance to high temperatures;
low price and availability for sale;
aesthetic appeal of the cut texture without the need for additional processing;
light weight;
simplicity mechanical processing and, as a result, ease of installation work.

Important: the lumber used for finishing in the steam room in the bath cannot be impregnated with linseed oil or varnished, since when heated, such a coating will cause the appearance of extraneous odors.

Steam room decoration, including walls and ceiling, is carried out as follows:

glassine or vapor barrier membrane is attached to the rough surface;
over the vapor barrier, a crate of 50 * 50 mm timber is stuffed with a step between adjacent beams of no more than 50 cm;
insulation (mineral wool or glass wool) is placed in the intervals between the beams;
vapor barrier strips are attached over the insulation with an overlap of 10-15 cm;
a wooden lining is stuffed on top of the vapor barrier; as an option, you can attach a block house to the walls.

The instruction for the manufacture of the floor assumes the use of boards 20 * 2.5 cm. The floorboards are laid on logs, between which insulation is poured, most often, it is large or medium expanded clay.

Taking into account the abundance of wooden surfaces, care must be taken to ensure their safety. To protect the floor from the destructive effects of excess moisture, you can use impregnations for the bath, made on the basis of vegetable oils.

Such impregnations penetrate into the surface layers of the wood and prevent the boards from getting wet. At the same time, the oil-based impregnation does not emit foreign odors when heated, as happens with carpentry varnish.

For guard wood trim walls can be impregnated with oil and wax. Such products are absorbed into the wood, while a thin waxy film remains on the surface. This film allows condensation to drain quickly down the walls.

Furnace assembly and furniture installation

It is rather problematic to assemble a good stove for a real Russian bath on your own. It is much easier to purchase a ready-made stove-heater made by professionals at the factory and install it according to the originally developed project.

Currently, specialized companies produce and offer for sale furnaces in a classic or vice versa modern design... You can buy a unit with a blind, uninformative door, or you can buy a stove with a modern transparent tempered glass hatch.

Most of the stoves for steam room use are made of sheet steel. The simplest modifications are a container for burning fuel and an open container for heating the rock fill. More complex modifications can heat running water or water accumulated in the boiler.

For the installation of the stove at the construction stage of the bath, a solid concrete site... The part of the walls to which the unit adjoins is laid out with heat-resistant bricks.

Modern stoves for use in a steam room must have such qualities as:

increased service life;
safety of operation and maintenance;
efficient removal of exhaust gases to the outside;
sufficient draft in the firebox for quick and easy ignition;
the possibility of using both firewood and coal as fuel.

Important: stones are not used for the steam room in the bathhouse, but mainly large-sized pebbles, which do not crack from a sharp change in temperature.

Steam room furniture can be purchased ready-made or made by yourself. All household items that are installed in this part of the bath are made exclusively of wood. The fact is that plastic does not withstand high temperatures, while the metal will heat up, which will result in discomfort.

Door assembly

Today, bath doors are manufactured by a number of specialized firms to order. On the other hand, you can assemble a solid wooden structure yourself and the result will be no worse than the quality of the purchased product. Features of door installation depend on the material from which the entire bath is built.

If the walls are made of timber, then the doorway is cased, into which the frame is mounted and after that the canvas is installed. If the walls are made of foam block, then the opening for the installation of the door is made at the stage of laying the walls.

Conclusion

The steam room is an integral part of every full-fledged bath. To equip a small room is within the power of everyone, and for this it is not necessary to resort to the help of specialists. It is enough to purchase lining made of natural aspen or larch, buy a stove, install wooden furniture and the steam room is ready for use. More interesting information, you can find it by watching the video in this article.

The device of the Russian bath: doing it right

For our compatriots, the Russian bath is a symbol of relaxation. In addition to its medicinal properties, you can have a good time with friends and talk about sore topics in a relaxed atmosphere. If you like such a pastime, then you can build it on your site, but in this case, you need to know well the structure of the steam room in the Russian bath. It is about her that we will conduct a dialogue in this article.

Steam room device

The future owners of such buildings can install such ovens:

Brick. They heat up slowly and cool down quickly. Well suited for lovers of a traditional steam room. The resulting air is dry and light;
Metallic. This type of oven heats up and cools down quickly and can also cause burns;
Electrical. These are modern devices that do not need to be heated with wood, but, unfortunately, they cool down quickly, and their price "bites";
Stone. Almost the same as brick, but more reliable. If you build a stove from soapstone, then it will have high energy efficiency. It must be said that capital costs for the construction of such a heat source will be high.

Another important issue is the arrangement of shelves in the Russian bath. Experts advise making them from wooden slats, while leaving space between them for water to drain. Otherwise, they may start to rot.

It is better to use aspen as a raw material for slats. Shelves are attached to the walls or to the floor.

Important. Do not use coniferous trees for finishing or building elements of the steam room, because they contain resins that will be released when heated and smell unpleasant.

Ceiling, walls and floor

Think for yourself, because if it is large, it will be difficult to heat it, and if it is small, it will be cramped and inconvenient.

Typically, for the construction of walls can be used:

Bars made of linden or aspen;
Brick;
Glued laminated timber;
Cinder block, etc.

In the future, if required, such walls can be additionally insulated with mineral wool or other heat insulators.

When performing interior decoration, you need to ensure that the boards do not have unwanted cracks and splinters. Moreover, they should not be impregnated with varnishes, impregnations and similar substances. Only natural wood is suitable for these works, and the cladding itself is made according to the principle of a thorn-groove overlapping, because this way you can avoid the appearance of gaps.

Now let's consider the device of floors in a Russian bath. It can be covered with tiles or wood. In the event that you want to make a wooden floor, it is best to purchase larch planks. Bath attendants note that such a floor can not be insulated, since heat losses through the floor are less than ten percent, but waterproofing is done without fail.

Unlike the floor of the bath, the ceiling needs thermal insulation work, because according to statistics, up to seventy percent of the heat goes through it.

Windows and doors

These elements are a special conversation. Special requirements are imposed on them, since a large heat leak occurs through them.

The building instructions say that the door is made small so that a person can enter, but not let off steam. In this case, a high threshold is fulfilled (up to thirty centimeters) and low door baths. If we talk about the location, then it is best to place it next to the stove. When installing it, you need to make it open inward.

Important. Do not install locks and bolts in the bath, because the high temperature can jam them.
The door should open and close freely.

Window openings in the steam room of a bath are not necessary, because there is not enough lighting from a small window and you still have to make a backlight. This also applies to ventilation. But if you nevertheless decide to install a window, then you need to do it deaf and with small dimensions. The ideal place to install is a small height, because there is cool air.

Ventilation and lighting

The creation of a ventilation system requires special attention. Its main task is to remove steam and supply fresh air, while not giving off heat. It is best to use supply and exhaust ducts for this.

Conclusion

What can be the structure of your bath?

In the Russian tradition, it is considered almost compulsory device baths in the country, in country house, and some fans manage to build it even in a city apartment. But, before you build a steam room, you need to choose its type.

Which bath to choose?

Now there are five types of baths, which are the most popular in our country and all over the world.

Traditional Russian steam room

This is a structure erected from chopped logs. Without a stove, the device of a Russian bath is impossible. It not only heats the premises. Stones are placed on it, which heat up to + 600/700 °.

In the steam room, they are poured with water, broths, infusions, beer to create steam. The second indispensable attribute of the Russian version of the bath is a broom, with which the steaming ones whip to create a kind of massage effect.

Turkish bath

The prototype of the Turkish steam bath "hamam" was the "baths" of the Romans. In the classic hammam, the first room is a dressing room with a domed ceiling, then there is a fairly large relaxation room, and then there are, in fact, steam rooms.

Traditional device Turkish bath suggests that there should be several of them - with different modes temperatures - from +40 to + 70 °. An analogue of the Russian broom among the Turks is a real massage, which is done on stone benches.

For a pair effect in the hamam, a large boiler of water is used, located on the stove. When the boiler gets very hot, steam begins to escape through the small holes in it, filling all the rooms of the bath. Nowadays, such boilers are increasingly being replaced by modern steam generators.

In addition to it, the source of steam is the device of warm floors in the bath, which are watered with water.

Japanese bath

Ofuro is a small pool, rather, even a large one wooden barrel... The water in it heats up to + 35-40 °, and the temperature in the room where it stands is + 40-50 °. During the procedures in ofuro, the water temperature and immersion depth are regularly changed. Decoctions of medicinal herbs are often added to the water.

The Japanese also have a dry version of the bath - special sawdust is poured into a heated barrel, usually cedar - they are the most fragrant. They are heated in a barrel to + 50 °, after which they should be immersed in it for a few minutes. Often sawdust is additionally impregnated with aromatic oils. With this option, you need a shower device in the bath.

Finnish sauna

In our country, dry heat baths are considered "Finnish saunas". In fact, a traditional sauna is similar to a Russian bath. Steam is also created in it by pouring water on heated stones. Their main difference is the device of a steam room in a bath. The humidity mode of this room in the sauna is not higher than 10-15%. In our bath - 40-90%.

The appearance, schemes and construction technologies of saunas are almost the same as those of our steam room. They can be of various sizes, but usually they are designed for 2-10 visitors. A prerequisite for the construction is that the sauna must be made of wood.

In modern steam rooms it is possible to set any parameters of temperature and humidity conditions. But most often the temperature in them is 80-110 °.

Infrared sauna

The most modern and high-tech type is the infrared sauna. Very interesting internal organization baths - it is heated using special equipment that generates infrared radiation. Here are some tips for visiting.

Advice from the master!

For procedures in such a bath, you must definitely take two towels with you. One covers the bench, as it gets very hot, and with the second you will wipe off the sweat. It has strong resistance to infrared radiation and interferes with the procedure.

It is better to visit the IR sauna after you take hot shower because of this preparation, you will increase the separation of sweat. To achieve an even greater effect from the session, it is recommended to drink a liter of mineral water half an hour before it.

First, set the temperature in the cabin to no higher than + 45 °.

Before visiting such saunas, it is imperative to consult a doctor, since infrared rays are not useful for everyone.

Now there are cases when different types baths are combined - the device of the Russian bath is complemented by one or another characteristic features other types.

The heart of the bath is the steam room. And therefore, one of the main questions: how to make a steam room according to all the rules, not make a mistake anywhere, and subsequently enjoy the work done.

The steam room is the most important place in your sauna.

The pleasure that you and your guests get from the bath procedures directly depends on the correct construction and arrangement of the steam room. But it is not enough just to build, such criteria as safety, a presentable appearance of the bath, as well as how much it will cost to build it with your own hands and subsequent maintenance are important here.

That is why more and more often the owners of private houses who want to build a bathhouse on their site prefer to do all the work on their own. Moreover, building a bathhouse, as well as equipping a steam room, is actually not at all difficult: the layout is the simplest - stove and shelves, and having the carpentry skills to do such work is a pleasure.

In addition, our instructions will help you both build and fully ensure the arrangement of the bath, if you decide to do it yourself.

The first stage is making a project.

Drafting a steam room is almost the most simple job... The main thing is to start from the stove, which is the central link, both in the bathhouse and in the sauna. When choosing sauna stove the dimensions of the room, ventilation features, and the distance of the shelves should be taken into account. Well, the calculation of the sizes should be done based on how many people will steam in it at the same time.

You have taken into account the number of people, and now you need to calculate the area before building the premises. The optimal, standard footage is considered to be 2 X 2.4 meters wide plus 2.2 meters high. A room with such dimensions will allow everyone who takes bath procedures to feel free enough, and not to idle unnecessary space.

If you are thinking about the windows in the steam room, then their presence is not necessary at all. Artificial light in such a room is optimal. If the window in the bathhouse is for you required condition, then take care of complete thermal insulation. The size of the hole should not exceed 50 X 50 cm, it is best to install a modern heat-insulated package, correct installation which will reliably protect the room from cold air.

Next step: insulate the steam room.

Now the next thing to do is to properly sheathe the inner surface. The task is important and painstaking, since the possibility of much lower fuel consumption, as well as the pleasure of the bath procedures themselves, depends on the professionally performed work.

By standards, the first step is to insulate the ceiling, and the walls with the floor are the next step. Between the first and second floors, for overlapping, a new 40 cm board, laid end-to-end, is ideal. Next, you should make a good vapor barrier and lay 10 cm insulation between the beams. The stretched fishing line will hold it while you are doing the installation.

The walls in the steam room or sauna are insulated as follows: a structure is created and fastened from embedded boards 5x5 cm, then a vapor barrier is laid, a layer of insulation with foil (5 cm). The joints should be glued with aluminum tape. Mineral wool or special mats that are easy to install on your own are used as insulation - these materials are ideal for a bath.

Steam room decoration: not only aesthetics, but also quality.

The installation of the lining should be done as follows: first, the bases are nailed under the benches, shelves, and then the lining is attached. As for the finishing material, conifers are mainly used here. They will add a pleasant, rich, healing aroma to the bathing spirit.

Deciduous wood planks will provide the sauna with a reliable vapor barrier. Here the choice is for those who are going to build a bath with their own hands. The main thing is not to use both types of wood.

It is also an important factor - the thickness of the walls in the steam room should be greater than in other rooms of the bath.

We install benches, shelves and a stove.

The interior design of your steam room or sauna is perhaps the most enjoyable part of the job. Shelves and benches should be made of well-dried boards that will not emit tar when heated, and will not leave traces of sweat on themselves. Aspen is considered an ideal material because it is inexpensive, easy to work with, and is also famous for its qualities of softness and strength.

To save space, it is recommended to fix the benches not to the floor, but to the wall. There is a good way out if there is very little space - to equip the seats as in the train cars: the lower one is on runners, and the upper one is on a fixed lifting mechanism.

The main factor that determines the quality of the bench and the shelves for the bath is the maximum convenience and comfort. Therefore, it is very important to correctly approach both the choice of material for them and correct processing boards, as well as for the installation of the finished product. The final processing of the boards is best done by hand, rather than on a machine.

When choosing a stove for a steam room, you should choose the type that suits you best. You can build a furnace yourself, or you can purchase a ready-made unit. Brick, metal, electric - each of these stoves has its pros and cons, and all this must be taken into account when you build a bath.

Recently, stoves made of soapstone, or soapstone, are gaining more and more popularity. Such material ensures uniform heating and special softness of the heat generated in the bath.

Building a stove with your own hands can seem like a rather time-consuming task, so convenient ready-made stoves are increasingly being used.

The best place to install a stove in a sauna is the corner closest to the door. Thus, uniform heating of the room is ensured at the same time as safety.

It is important to install the stove relative to the bench as correctly as possible: not too close so as not to get burned, and not too far so that there is enough heat.

Installing the door: the final stage.

While we are building our bathhouse, we are learning a lot that was previously incomprehensible. Now everything is ready, the sauna is over Finishing work do it yourself, and the last thing is left - installing the door. It is very important to avoid subsequently losing heat and isolate vacationers from drafts, therefore it is recommended to make an overstated threshold and a lowered door frame.

Since the door in the bathhouse, steam room and sauna has a specific task - to let people in, but not to let in the cold, there are special requirements for it. It is better to make the door small, not taller than average human height, and also place it close to the stove, but at a sufficient distance so that the person entering does not get burned. It is also important that the shops are close to the door. Additional insulation of the door leaf is also important, but the choice of materials depends on the owner's desire.

That's all you need to know when doing DIY editing and decorating. The work is not difficult, besides, building for yourself is a pleasure. The main thing is to do everything right and not miss a single trifle, and then each bath procedure will bring indescribable pleasure and health to the whole body.

How to make a steam room with your own hands

Project, finishing, and correct insulation steam rooms. All questions related to the functioning and construction of the steam room.

How to make a steam room in a wooden bath

Why do they go to the bathhouse? To take a steam bath, therefore, the steam room, so to speak, is the heart of the sauna room. Many developers themselves are trying to build a bathhouse, so they are trying to understand all the nuances of the construction of this structure. And since there are no great requirements for the locker room, the rest room and the sink, they can be built at the discretion of the owner. But the device of a steam room in a bath is a strict compliance with many parameters and norms. Although it should be noted that there are no difficult moments in this room, there are only shelves and an oven from the equipment.

And yet, let's focus on the steam room device in wooden bath specifically.

Stage one - design and planning of the steam room bath

It seems that there is nothing complicated in the construction of a steam room, but nevertheless it is better to draw up a small, at least primitive project. And in creating a project it is necessary to start from the heart of the steam room - from the stove. It is very important to observe the overall dimensions of the unit, which must correspond to the dimensions of the steam room for the bath itself, that is, the volume of the room. In this case, the ratio of the power of the stove to the dimensions of the space is taken into account, where proportions are used - by one cubic meter steam rooms should consume one kilowatt of thermal energy.

Now with regard to the number of people soaring in the steam room at the same time. Here you need to understand the point that the free space in the steam room should be as small as possible. After all, there is no need to heat up a space that is not occupied by anyone. But at the same time, it is necessary to observe the size of the steam room so that steaming people do not feel cramped. Therefore, experts recommend the minimum parameters of the steam room. This is an area of 2x2.4 m, ceiling height 2.2 m. Everything else is at your discretion.

Are windows necessary in the steam room? Absolutely not needed, although again everything will depend on the wishes of the owner. The best option if the window is no more than 50x50 cm. It is good if it is made of wood with a glass unit inserted. As for the lighting in the steam room, there is little choice. As practice shows, a modern approach to lighting a steam room is energy-saving lamps, it is better to install LED lamps, but not on the ceiling.

And the last thing in designing a steam room for a bath is ventilation. Why is it so necessary? The fault is high humidity inside the steam room. It is no secret that moisture is the reason for the appearance of colonies of harmful microorganisms (mold and fungi) on wooden surfaces, which destroy the wood, and also harm humans. Therefore, it is worth making sure that the air inside the steam room changes periodically. Of course, you don't need to do this using a window. The installed hood will solve this problem.

Stage two - thermal insulation of the steam room bath

Although wood itself is an excellent heat-insulating material, the steam room, and all other rooms of the bath, must be insulated. This will allow you to save on consumed fuel and create pleasant conditions for receiving bath procedures. Warming process diagram: from top to bottom. That is, first the ceiling is insulated, then the walls, and last of all the floor in the bath.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling of the steam room bath

In a wooden bath, the ceiling is formed along the logs of the second floor, or along the beams ceiling structure... The algorithm of the operations performed is as follows:

On top of the beams, waterproofing material is laid. This is a film with a minimum thickness of 0.2 mm, the strips of which are overlapped relative to each other. The strips are fastened together with self-adhesive tape, fastened to the beams with small studs with a wide head or staples using a stapler.
Plywood sheets are laid on top of the waterproofing. They are joined along the beams and crossbars.
Next, boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm are stacked. Precise joining of the boards and the absence of gaps are the main requirements of this design.

Now all operations are transferred inside the steam room. Insulation is placed between the beams so that it fits between the ceiling elements in an interference fit, which will ensure its tight pressing against the supporting elements of the ceiling. And this, in turn, is a guarantee of the absence of cold bridges.
A vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulation layer. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the case of waterproofing material. There is no need to stretch the strips tightly.
The surface of the ceiling in the steam room of the bath is being formed. Here you can use boards, lining or block house.

Thermal insulation of the walls of the steam room bath

Thermal insulation of walls is made using practically the same technology as the ceiling. With the only addition - along the walls of the bath, you will have to build a crate of 50x50 mm slats. They can be laid vertically or horizontally, everything will depend on how you plan to finish the walls of the bath. That is, if the finish is laid vertically, then the elements of the lathing are installed horizontally, and vice versa.

So, the slats are installed. They must be displayed in the same plane. You can do it like this:

Two slats are installed on the same wall in opposite corners, if they are mounted vertically. Installation is carried out on a plumb line and level. Fastening with self-tapping screws.
Between them, the fishing line is stretched in three rows, which will indicate a single plane.
Now, every 1.0-1.5 m, vertical slats are installed and fastened exactly along the lines.

The lathing is ready, you can proceed to the next processes. Between the slats, a foil insulation is laid towards the steam room. And the whole structure is covered with a vapor barrier material. Particular attention to the joints of the walls and ceiling of the bath. Here you need to install self-adhesive foil tape. It must close the gap between the ceiling and the wall.

And the last process is the decoration of the walls in the steam room. There are few cladding options: lining, boards, block house. It is very important to pay attention to how the finishing elements will be laid. Their tongue-and-groove connection is a condensate collection area, so care must be taken that this area does not become such. There are two options:

Install trim vertically.
For horizontal installation, the connection groove must be on the top element.

Thermal insulation of the floor of the steam room bath

To make thermal insulation, you need to decide what floor will be in the steam room of the bath. This can be wood flooring, concrete or ceramic. The technology of its insulation will depend on this.

The wooden base in the steam room of the bath is a structure along the logs. First, logs are installed between the foundations. If the length of the lag is large, then intermediate columns are constructed, although this is rarely done in a steam bath. As a lag, you can use boards 50 mm thick and 150-200 mm wide.

They must be displayed in the same plane. Longitudinal slats with a section of 40x40 mm are punched along the lower edges of the lag. Boards or pieces of plywood are laid across them, you can use it. All planes of the floor base are laid with a vapor barrier foil. Between the lags, the insulation is placed in an interference fit. After that, the entire structure is covered with a waterproofing film, preferably in two layers. And already from above the plank floor is laid to the floorboard.

Insulating a concrete floor is a completely different technology.

The ground is leveled between the foundations.
Coarse sand is backfilled and rammed.
Backfilling of fine crushed stone or gravel. Horizontal alignment is performed.
A layer of perlite or expanded clay 15-20 cm thick.
A reinforcing frame made of metal mesh is laid. It can be welded, plaster, you can use the chain-link mesh.
Filling the screed with a minimum thickness of 7 cm.

To enhance the waterproofing properties of the concrete base, it is recommended to lay a waterproofing film on the heat-insulating layer.

A ceramic floor is essentially a concrete base covered with ceramic tiles. She and the concrete are covered with wooden bars.

As you can see, it is not very difficult to make the steam room of a bathhouse insulated. In any case, the processes of warming the ceiling, walls and floor are somewhat similar.

Stage three - arrangement of a steam room in a bath

In principle, when the finishing of the steam room is finished and the stove is installed, we can assume that the main part of the arrangement is finished. All that remains is to establish the furniture and bathroom attributes.

The shelf in the steam room must be made of such wood so that it does not emit resin under the influence of high temperatures. So the best option Is an aspen. The tree has a pleasant shade, is well processed, lasts a long time, and is inexpensive.

By the way, if the steam room in your bath has a miniature size, then you can offer this option for their installation: the lower shelf is installed on the flooring on runners, and the upper one, like in a carriage compartment, rises up if necessary. To do this, you will have to equip the top shelf with a special lifting mechanism... Fortunately, they are not in short supply today, you can do it yourself.

Conclusion on the topic

That's all the secrets of how to properly insulate the steam room, how to equip it correctly. In principle, nothing complicated. The main thing is to correctly approach the solution of all assigned tasks in a comprehensive manner. Even the smallest nuances, on which the microclimate inside the steam bath depends, must not be overlooked.

Steam room wooden bath

How to make a steam room in a wooden bath correctly Why go to a bath? To take a steam bath, therefore, the steam room, so to speak, is the heart of the sauna room. Many developers try to

thermal insulation of the room;
finishing.

Thermal insulation

Steam room thermal insulation

Vapor barrier material

a layer of waterproofing;
insulation layer;
vapor barrier material;
inner lining.

Oven and ventilation

Sauna stove

Bath ventilation

natural stones;
cast iron plates.

Steam room decoration

Steam room design

Steam room design

How to make a steam room in a bath correctly

How to make a steam room correctly

The steam room is traditionally considered the key in the Russian bath, because the functionality of bath procedures, famous for their useful and healing properties... In the article we will talk about how to properly make a steam room in a bath with your own hands, how to equip ventilation, floor and shelves.

The process of making a steam room can be conditionally divided into several working steps of the following content:

thermal insulation of the room;
arrangement of a furnace and ventilation;
finishing.

Thermal insulation

Vapor barrier material The main indicator of the efficiency of the steam room is stable heat, which is practically impossible to keep without high-quality thermal insulation. That is why warming a steam room is considered the most important procedure in the entire process of its arrangement.

With poorly performed steam room insulation, the air in the room will heat up very slowly and cool down quickly, and the steam will have a very low concentration.

When insulating a room, the steam rooms are used the most various materials, each of which performs a specific function, and the absence of any of them leads to a sharp decrease in the quality of insulation. As a result of such a distribution of functions, a multilayer protective coating is obtained, which includes the following sequentially placed layers:

a layer of waterproofing;
insulation layer;
vapor barrier material;
inner lining.

Waterproofing the surfaces (walls and ceiling) of the steam room is done by covering them with a layer of waterproofing material, such as foil, for example, or plastic wrap.

It is recommended to start arranging the heat-insulating layer by attaching unpainted blank paper to the surfaces of the walls and ceiling, on top of which a frame made of wooden blocks is stuffed, which serves as a base for placing the plates thermal insulation material... From above, the insulation material is closed with a layer of vapor barrier, which is most often used as ordinary aluminum foil. Then a frame is made of wooden blocks, which is subsequently sheathed with clapboard.

The ceiling needs to be better insulated than the walls, so the layer of insulating material on it needs to be thicker.

Oven and ventilation

The “soul” of any Russian bath is, of course, its stove, thanks to which steam procedures are famous for their healing properties. For the construction of the furnace, it is recommended to use materials from the following list:

red oven or fireclay bricks;
natural stones;
cast iron plates.

If desired, all these materials can be used in combination, since brick is a good stove heat storage, stones will allow you to receive steam, and heated cast-iron plates have high heat transfer. With this use of the heat storage properties of the raw materials, the resulting furnace can "keep" heat for 12-15 hours (at temperatures up to 85 degrees). But this, of course, depends on the quality of the thermal insulation.

In the room itself, a special window for ventilation is usually not made. It makes sense to make a ventilation window in the dressing room, and already from it fresh air will flow into the steam room.

Considered here typical mistakes ventilation and the most versatile working ventilation scheme:

The interior decoration of the steam room is carried out immediately after the completion of the main construction operations and is usually performed using wood materials that are resistant to high humidity and temperature. For decoration, you can use a wide variety of tree species, but it is best to close the walls with linden or alder, and cover the floor with larch material. Linden shelves, when heated, will emit a unique aroma containing various natural enzymes. They have a beneficial effect on humans.

After finishing wooden walls steam rooms are carefully sanded and left in their natural state.

Steam room design

When deciding how to properly make a steam room, due attention should be paid to its design. When decorating a steam room, the following expert advice should be taken into account:

the walls, floor and ceiling in the steam room are best left in their natural form, without resorting to the use of any coatings. In this case wooden surfaces will heat up much faster;
the shelves and benches in the steam room look more aesthetically pleasing when placed at different levels. It is also convenient from the point of view of their functionality, since at different altitudes you can select the temperature that suits you;
in order to stylize the interior of the steam room, you can add elegantly designed hangers for towels and brooms, as well as decorate the doors of the steam room with original frames and beautiful handles;
as light sources, it is best to use lamps with a dim and soft glow, placing them above the front door.

How to insulate a steam room in a bath?

How to insulate a steam room?

Do-it-yourself sauna insulation technologies suggest that the process of insulating a steam room begins from the ceiling. The thickness of the material for it should be twice that for the walls. First of all, it is necessary to cover the ceiling with roll paper, making a large overlap at the joints. The paper must be reinforced on 5x5 bars, placing an insulating material between them.

Steam room ceiling insulation scheme.

Then it is necessary to cover the insulator of the steam room with foil using adhesive tape. Secure the joints and edge sections carefully. The foil retains steam, so moisture ingress into the insulation is unacceptable. The top of the foil should be secured with small 2x3 blocks to create air exchange. In addition, decorative trim is attached to the beams. The walls are insulated using the same technology. Do not forget about the ventilation system of the bath.

It is recommended that the ceiling and walls of the steam room be sheathed with wood that has a high density, for example, aspen, pine or linden. When the room warms up, the tree emits resins, spreading not only a pleasant, but also a useful smell. This effect is not permanent, so keep in mind that after a while you will have to deal with finishing again. It is recommended to use narrow strips, as they are less prone to deformation than wide ones. With horizontal installation, as opposed to vertical, heat loss can be reduced. Before installing the panels on the walls and ceiling of the steam room, they must be treated with a special impregnation.

Thermal insulation of the floor of the bath building

The rules for warming baths prohibit various cavities and holes in the base of the structure through which cold air can leak. You can use foam as a material, since it not only insulates your foundation, but also increases its durability.

In order to properly insulate the steam room floor, it is recommended to use glass or mineral wool. If your bath is of a frame type, waterproofing is also required, and all materials must maintain the strength of the structure itself. The easiest way to insulate a brick bath is, however, a brick is a rather expensive material. The floor of the steam room in a brick bath is most often tiled, but in wooden structures this is not required, since wood itself resists moisture, mechanical stress and retains heat.

In order to effectively insulate the walls of the bath, it is necessary to choose the right material. Several decades ago, moss was used as an insulator, and today the most popular insulation materials are foam and mineral wool. Each of them has its own pros and cons that you need to carefully analyze.

The ability to "breathe". The foam has a density that allows steam to pass through, allowing it to escape, so there is no need to use paper and foil. This material is preferable for wood and frame baths... Foam insulation should look like this: foam, wood, moisture-proof and vapor-permeable film or fiberboard, sheathing.
Steam permeability. Insulation of a sauna or bath with PSB-15 foam is ideal for wooden baths... This property is not applicable to mineral wool.
Waterproofing requirements. Polyfoam, unlike mineral wool, absorbs much less moisture, so an external vapor barrier is not required: you can only build a ventilated facade or leave air between the foam and the siding.

Benefits of mineral wool:

Convenience when working. Preparatory work with mineral wool it is much easier, since it only requires construction scissors and a tape measure.
Pests. When working with mineral wool, you don't have to worry about mice. Rodents do not live in it. When working with foam, it must be borne in mind that mice and other rodents love this material, so over time it will become unusable.
Docking. Mineral wool fits perfectly tightly. It is impossible to fully insulate it with polystyrene, since the plates cannot be put tightly.

Mineral wool is a kind of "fur coat" for a bath, but if you sew the foam into drywall, you can get an equally warm structure. At the moment, builders are choosing a special ecowool, which does not contain chemical impurities, unlike mineral, and does not require pair insulation, however, the cost of such a material is much higher.

After the material has been selected and correctly attached, a finishing layer must be created. It performs not only a decorative function, but also an additional layer of thermal insulation. Insulate interior you can clapboard.

Since the ceiling of the bath must not only retain heat, but also provide hydro and steam insulation, therefore, as described above, the ceiling can be insulated with foam or mineral wool. Ceiling finishes are most often wooden, however this depends on the type of bath you have and personal preference. We hope that this article helped to sort out the issue of insulation, and we wish you good luck!

How to make a steam room in a bath correctly, How to make it right

How to make a steam room correctly? the functionality of bath procedures, famous for their useful and ...

A spacious bath is a good addition to any site. In it you can not only wash, but also have a good rest in the company of friends. A steam room is the main part in such a room. Many owners want to build a bathhouse with their own hands, so they try to consider all aspects of such construction. It should be noted that this is not difficult to do, because only the oven and shelves need to be installed.

Device: features

The most important room in any bathhouse, be it a Russian steam room or a Finnish sauna, is the steam room. The quality of the procedures in the steam room will depend on her. Despite the fact that it is very important, it is not so difficult to build it, because it consists of a small number of elements. The most important thing is that the arrangement of the room is convenient and suitable for a good rest.

First of all, it is worth determining the number of shelves and racks with the calculation of how many people are planning to visit the bathhouse. They should be made of a material that does not fill the air with resins when exposed to high temperatures. The most the best option there will be an aspen that has no high price and many positive characteristics.

It is also necessary to install a stove in the bath, which is the most important element in the steam room. After all, it provides the required temperature in the building, fully warming it up. Currently, the steam room allows you to install any stove. It can be made of brick, stone, metal, even electric models are used.

Do not forget about the washing room. It can be combined with a steam room, and the veranda can be used as a dressing room. However, this option is not very convenient. After all, then it will be necessary to suspend the process of using steam during the adoption of water procedures. To prevent this from happening, you can install a shower stall.

The decoration inside the steam room must be made of wood, as it is environmentally friendly and also aesthetically beautiful.

Project

To avoid problems with construction, you need to make a project and plan for a steam room for a bath. It would seem that nothing is easier, but still it will take a lot of time and effort. If a mini-bath or sauna is being designed, then certain zones should be included here: a dressing room, a washing room and a steam room.

The dressing room can also serve as a rest room. A separate room should be a washing room, where both a pool and a shower cabin can be located. And be sure a separate room there should be a steam room, the project of which must be started with the installation of a stove, which is the main part of the steam room.

During construction, it is necessary to choose the dimensions of the stove corresponding to the proportions of the steam room, that is, the volume of the entire room. It is also necessary to take into account the ratio of its power to the size of the entire room. For this, the following proportions are used: one kilowatt of thermal energy should be used per cubic meter in a steam room.

The number of people in the steam room is also important. According to unwritten regulations, one person needs approximately 0.70 meters of floor space. You also need to take into account the height of the tallest family member by adding twenty centimeters to it. When calculating the project, do not forget that warming the steam room will take a couple of centimeters of space, and if you make the room too high, then the heat will be wasted.

Optimal height steam rooms are two meters twenty centimeters.

The steam room can be built without windows, but in this case it is necessary to take care of artificial lighting. And if, nevertheless, there is a window, it should be deaf and have a minimum size of about fifty to fifty centimeters, so as not to let heat out into the street.

In this case, it is worth considering the quality of the double-glazed windows. They must be heat and sound insulated. Do not forget about the ventilation system. After all, if it is not there, the tree will quickly deteriorate, and mold will also form, which will have a bad effect on the health of any person. For additional insulation you can use blocks, lining and other wall cladding options.

How to choose and where to put the oven?

The answer to this question is very complex. After all, in order to decide which stove to choose, you need to consider all its types, which have pros and cons.

Metal oven

It is small in size, high degree power, as well as the ability to heat the entire room. Such an oven heats up very quickly and cools down just as quickly. Touching it can cause burns. Therefore, when choosing such a stove, it is imperative to build a fence in order to avoid accidents.

Brick oven

Having chosen such a heating device, you need to know that a foundation is required for its installation. The dimensions of the stove can be selected based on the characteristics of the steam room and its dimensions. Installing a brick stove is good because, unlike metal stoves, brick products heat up slowly and do not cool down very quickly. After installing such a stove, the air in the steam room will be light and dry, moreover, touching it, it is practically impossible to get burned. Therefore, it can be installed closer to the shelves to keep it warm for a long time.

Electric ovens

For lovers modern technologies electric ovens will do. They do not need to be melted with wood. However, they also have many disadvantages. Electric ovens they are able to heat only a small room, cool down quickly, and also have a high price. In addition, the slightest insulation faults can lead to a short circuit. Therefore, when installing such ovens, you need to carefully check all the wiring.

Of soapstone

Soapstone has become popular in the modern world and is actively used for the construction of furnaces, as it is highly durable. He also has the ability to warm up the room gradually and evenly. The stone itself is expensive, however it is very economical in terms of fuel consumption. After heating the stove for just one hour, you can enjoy the heat all day. Plus, this material has healing properties, while steaming in such a bath, you can not only get pleasure, but also improve your health.

Having familiarized yourself with the types of ovens, as well as having made a choice, you can proceed with their installation. The basis for this should be flat. If it will be an electric furnace or a metal furnace, you need to make a concrete base under them.

You can place the product either at the door or in the corner of the steam room, saving space. In addition, this particular space will be the safest place.

If this is a brick oven, you need to lay the foundation.

Further, in the opening on the ceiling, a large sheet of metal is fixed. This is necessary to make an outlet for one of the most important elements - the chimney. A hole must be made in the metal for the pipe in advance. A water tank is installed on the stove. And through a specially made opening, a pipe is brought up, insulated with any non-combustible materials.

After installing the stove, it is necessary to conduct a test fire to see if everything was done correctly. And only then can you invite your household or friends to the steam room.

Materials (edit)

Materials for building a steam room can be different, for example, brick, foam block, stone. But one of the best will of course be a tree. The most common types of wood used in the construction of baths and saunas are aspen, linden or birch, because they do not emit tar. However, pine is often used for exterior walls.

Usually, rounded bars are used for the steam room. But the most convenient and affordable is a profiled beam, which is resistant to various deformations.

In order to build a steam room, you need to stock up necessary materials, which will be needed in the process of work, as well as make the correct calculation.

The list of essentials includes:

construction timber measuring 15 by 15 centimeters;
timber for the construction of partitions measuring 15 by 10 centimeters;
concrete solution;
the necessary reinforcement to install the foundation;

boards of the second grade intended for formwork;
sand and clay, if the stove is made of bricks;
refractory bricks for the base of the furnace;
crushed stone;
materials for waterproofing;

stones for heating;
heaters (it can be tow, and jute, as well as foil for vapor barrier, or mineral wool);
lining with 12 millimeters for wall cladding;
lining with fifty millimeters for ceilings;
tile, if needed;

slate, as well as galvanized;
antiseptics;
lamps or lighting strips;
switches of different formats.

Tools and accessories

You also need to make a list necessary tools to keep everything close at hand.

When starting to build a steam room, you must have the following accessories in stock:

shovels or a small excavator;
saw or electric or gasoline;
axe;
concrete drill;

cable of the required length;
hammer or screwdriver;
nails or screws;
construction stapler;
level.

Installation and insulation

Even if the steam room is made entirely of wood, it must be insulated. Thermal insulation will save money and create a favorable environment for procedures. If the process of warming and installation will be done by hand, then you will need step-by-step instruction.

The insulation process is done from top to bottom, so the ceiling, walls are processed first, and only then the floor.

Ceiling: proper ventilation

If the steam room is wooden, then its ceiling is made along the ceiling structure of the beams. On top of them, a waterproofing film is laid, having a thickness of two millimeters. Its strips should overlap, attached to each other with self-adhesive tape, and to the beams - with staples - using a construction stapler.

On top of the waterproofing tape are sheets of moisture-resistant plywood that are joined along the beams. Next - boards forty millimeters thick, which must be joined very precisely. The next stage of insulation takes place inside the steam room. To do this, between the beams, you need to lay the insulation in such an order that it is tight with the ceiling elements. This makes it impossible for the cold to get inside.

The next step is to put in a vapor barrier. Everything is done in the same way as in the case of waterproofing. And only after that the surface of the ceiling is formed.

Also, do not forget about the ventilation system, which is absolutely necessary. After all, a person who takes a steam bath breathes hot steam, inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. And there is no ventilation, there will be no fresh air, and there will be a lack of oxygen. In such a steam room, a person can simply begin to suffocate.

Therefore, the ventilation system takes important place in the construction of a steam room. She not only delivers fresh air to the room, but also dries it out. For air circulation, two types of openings are needed: exhaust and supply. In order for the air to enter the steam room, inlet openings are needed, installed closer to the floor, moreover, located near the stove.

Exhaust pipes are made closer to the ceiling so that carbon monoxide and humidified hot air can escape through them.

Pie walls

After that, the walls are insulated or the so-called "pie" in the steam room, consisting of several elements. This is a wall covered with wooden beams, a heat insulator located between them, a vapor insulator, as well as a crate constructed from slats.

The wall insulation algorithm is as follows:

The first step is to attach the bars to the wall.
Later, it is necessary to lay a heat insulator here, with a thickness equal to the width of the bars.
After that, a layer of vapor barrier is placed, which in most cases is foil.
Then the crate is attached from 50 to 50 millimeters of slats. Finishing at this stage can be done both vertically and horizontally.

The slats are exposed in one plane and fastened with self-tapping screws.
Then the fishing line is stretched in three rows and vertical slats are attached every meter exactly along the indicated fishing lines.
After the end of the crate, a foil insulation is placed.
After that, the entire wall is closed with a vapor barrier. The gap between the ceiling and walls must be sealed with self-adhesive foil tape.

Floor

In order to do the thermal insulation of the floor, you need to determine in advance what it will be: wood, ceramic or concrete.

For a wooden floor, the base of the steam room in the bath is made of logs, which are first installed between the foundation in the same plane. At the bottom, along their edges, rails of 40 by 40 millimeters are nailed. Boards are placed on top of them, and then they are covered with a vapor barrier film and only, after all this, the entire floor is covered with waterproofing in two layers. The floor of the boards fits very tightly on it.

To insulate a concrete floor, a completely different technology is needed. First, the soil is leveled, for which sand, crushed stone and gravel are poured in turn. And then the whole thing is rammed tightly. The next step will be to lay the frame from a metal mesh, and only then a layer of waterproofing film is applied.

Do not forget about ventilation in the steam room, which requires special care. After all, ventilation helps not to collect moisture, and also prevents fresh air from entering the steam room. For this, special channels are made near the stove, above the floor level, in the wall - closer to the ceiling, as well as in the ceiling itself. To regulate them, special valves are made.

Installation of windows and doors

Doors and windows in the steam room require a special approach. After all, heat leakage can occur through them. Therefore, this issue must be considered in great detail.

Doors

The door to the steam room needs to be made small, and the threshold high - up to thirty centimeters. Moreover, it should be easy to close and always open inward. However, locks cannot be made for the reasons that a person may become ill, and in such a state he will not be able to open them.

Doors can be either wooden or glass, but many prefer the former. Because they are easy to insulate. But glass doors visually expand the space in the steam room. But they cannot withstand temperature changes. Therefore, they must be trimmed with foil or other insulation or hidden under a lining that is resistant to moisture.

Window

The windows in the steam room can be omitted at all. After all, window openings cannot be made large, and therefore there will be practically no lighting from them. In addition, they are not needed for ventilation, since special systems already exist for it. But if they do, then only small and deaf. At the same time, they need to be glazed with good double-glazed windows.

Finishing and arrangement

The most traditional finishing material for the steam room is wood. It does not get very hot, and also, due to its qualities, makes a visit to the bathhouse pleasant and comfortable. The lining inside the steam room is made of lining. As a material, durable wood species that do not emit resins are selected. Before starting work, the wood must be treated with a special oil impregnation to reduce its hygroscopicity.

The decoration of the steam room is directly related to a high-quality ventilation system, and also provides for a drain for water. This prevents excess moisture from accumulating in the steam room.

You should also insulate the ceiling, walls and floor in the steam room. And only after that you can start facing them. The walls can be finished with wall tiles that imitate stone or brick. A high-quality board is suitable for the floor, the material for which will be larch, which is considered very useful for human health.

However, many make it from ceramic tiles... She is chosen because she washes well and is not subject to mold.

However, the tile is a very cold material, therefore special wooden gratings are laid on top of it, which can be removed and dried after the procedures.

Setting up a steam room should be as simple as possible. This small space should be based on an oven. One of best materials for its construction is a stone or brick, which can be used at the same time. After all, a brick accumulates heat well, and a stone makes it possible to make the necessary steam.

Also in the steam room there are shelves in two or three tiers, located opposite the stove. Their installation takes place simultaneously with the installation of the walls.

The design of the furniture in the steam room is very simple and beautiful. It consists only of sun loungers, sometimes made in the form of wooden sofas and having comfortable backrests. A pair of stools and accessories can also complement the room. All furniture should be rounded to avoid sharp corners. Indeed, it is very slippery in the steam room, and hitting such a corner can injure yourself.

Since the windows in the steam room are small or not at all, it is necessary to make good artificial lighting. If it is installed correctly, then you can create an atmosphere in the steam room that will dispose the interlocutor to sincere conversations. The lighting should not be very bright, semi-darkness is preferred. Warm muted shades will do, which will only emphasize the calm atmosphere.

One lamp will be enough for this. However, it must be positioned so that it does not interfere with steaming, for example, above the door. Today the lamps can be installed so as not to disturb the surroundings of the steam room. These can be lamps made of a wooden lampshade, and structures built into the wall, and specially insulated tapes. Also, lamps are often placed under the sun loungers, which creates a cozy atmosphere and at the same time does not interfere with enjoying the procedure.

The main thing is that the wiring and the light bulb itself are isolated from water and steam entering them. To do this, it is necessary to place the lamp in a housing made of stainless steel.

The wires must be carefully insulated, and the switch must be taken to another room.

When equipping a steam room, you need to take into account the peculiarities of this space. The main point is the complete drainage equipment. Any steam room should have a high-quality drain through which water flows. It must be equipped in such a way that the water drains towards the main pipe. It is through it that the water leaves the steam room. Despite the fact that many people find such a system more suitable for showers or sinks, it can be safely used in steam rooms.

By planning a complete sewer system it's worth working on this process from the beginning. To do this, you need to lay the pipe at the stage when the foundation is being created. Ideally, it should be taken out into a pit located at least three meters from the bath. Often this very pit is additionally laid out with bricks or dense concrete rings. The bottom in this case is laid out with gravel. All this guarantees reliable protection from the leakage of waste.

Another equally important point is thermal insulation. Nice steam room certainly must be high-quality insulated, and there are many ways to translate this idea into reality. This is also a high-quality foil coating, which, due to its subtlety, does not allow to build too dense finish, as well as mineral wool and other materials.

When choosing one type of isolation, it should be borne in mind that most of them react negatively to elevated level humidity. If so, then it is necessary to additionally waterproof the protective layer.

It is also important to take into account the presence of full and high-quality ventilation. This is very important detail... If the ventilation is poor, then it is unlikely that you will be able to fully relax in the steam room. Instead of relaxation and rest, there may be headache and problems with the cardiovascular system.

Hoods, according to professionals, should be located at the top. The fact is that when the air heats up, the temperature rises first of all at the top. Therefore, it is in this area that the ventilation holes and supply vents are located. They also need to be supplemented with special exhaust grilles. It is these structures that are responsible for ensuring that cool air enters the room.

In some cases, the owners of the steam rooms prefer to do with the fact that during the procedures they periodically open the doors or vents. It is easy to guess that this is not enough, and you cannot do without a full-fledged ventilation system. Its installation must be taken responsibly, and, if possible, the structure should be placed closer to the stove so that the cold air coming from the street immediately warms up, because cold air is contraindicated in such conditions.